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This is what 7.5 million pounds of thrust looks like.
Photo taken from the Turn Basin [near the VAB] in Kennedy Space Center with a Canon 400mm f/5.6 USM L lens.
Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSME):
airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/engine-rocket-space...
Space Shuttle "Discovery"
airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/orbiter-space-shutt...
Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center /
National Air and Space Museum
Aviation author Nick Veronico with retired LGM-25C Titan II ICBMs at AMARC, Davis Monthan AFB, January 2000.
See:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGM-25C_Titan_II
(Scanned 35mm color negative)
The SA-2 Guideline (NATO designation) is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude air defence system, built around a surface-to-air missile with command guidance. Since its first deployment in 1957 it has become one of the most widely-deployed air defence systems in history.
It achieved the first successful destruction of an enemy aircraft by a surface-to-air missile, shooting down a Taiwanese Martin RB-57D Canberra over China on 7 October 1959, hitting it with three missiles at an altitude of 20 km (65,600 ft). At the time the aircraft's destruction was attributed to fighter aircraft in order to keep the SAM programme secret.
This system first gained international fame when using a newer, longer-range and higher-altitude missile in the 1960 U-2 incident, shooting down Francis Gary Powers' aircraft overflying the Soviet Union on 1 May 1960. The system was also deployed in Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis, when it shot down another U-2 (piloted by Rudolf Anderson) overflying Cuba on 27 October 1962. North Vietnamese forces used the SA-2 extensively during the Vietnam War to defend Hanoi and Haiphong.
The Soviets typically deployed six, semi-fixed, single-rail launchers at each launch site, positioned some 60-100m apart in a hexagonal "flower" pattern, with radars and guidance systems in the centre. This layout made the sites easily recognisable in reconnaissance photos. Typically another six missiles are stored on tractor-trailers (such as the one above) near the centre of the site.
The SA-2 is a two-stage missile consisting of a solid-fuel booster and a storable liquid-fuel upper stage, which burns red fuming nitric acid as the oxidiser and kerosene as the fuel. The booster fires for about 4–5 seconds and the main engine for about 22 seconds, by which time the missile is traveling at about Mach 3. The booster mounts four large, cropped-delta wing fins that have small control surfaces in their trailing edges to control roll. The upper stage has smaller cropped-deltas near the middle of the airframe, with a smaller set of control surfaces at the extreme rear and (in most models) much smaller fins on the nose. All of this can be seen above.
The missiles are guided using radio control signals. The guidance system at a launch site can handle only one target at a time, but can direct three missiles against it. Additional missiles could be fired against the same target after one or more missiles of the first salvo had completed their run, freeing the radio channel.
The missile typically mounts a 195 kg fragmentation warhead, with proximity, contact, and command fusing. The warhead has a lethal radius of about 65m at lower altitudes, but at higher altitudes the thinner atmosphere allows for a wider radius of up to 250m. The missile itself is only accurate to about 75m, which explains why two were typically fired in a salvo. As was typical for most Soviet weapons, one version (the SA-2E) could mount a nuclear warhead which had an estimated 15 kT yield. A navalised version of the system, known as the SA-N-2 Guideline by NATO, could be found on early Soviet air defence ships.
First stage of a Martin LGM-25C Titan II ICBM in storage, more than a decade after the last Titan II missile was deactivated
See:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGM-25C_Titan_II
Photographed at Davis-Monthan AFB
January 2000
(Scanned 35mm color negative)
This type of vehicle was used to inject a variety of (mainly military) payloads into orbit and as an intermediate-stage booster for space probes. It was launched aboard Thor or Atlas-D launch vehicles which were then known as Thor-Agena and Atlas-Agena. A total of 75 Agena-Bs were launched, the first October 1960 and the last in June 1966.
With longer propellant tanks than the -A model, the 6.3m-long, 1.5m diameter -B was powered by a Bell 8081 engine, which provided 71 kN of thrust, with a burn time of 240 seconds. The gimballed liquid-fuel engine could be restarted in orbit.
Satellite programmes supported by Agena-B included the military's SAMOS-E and SAMOS-F, together with MIDAS. The covert Corona photo-reconnaissance satellites, flying under the covername Discoverer were also flown aboard Agena-Bs. Scientific research OGO and Nimbus satellites were also launched aboard Agena-Bs. Space probes included Ranger vehicles going to the Moon and Mariner planetary probes to Mars, Venus and Mercury.
The above example was donated by the US Air Force to the Smithsonian Institution in 1965. I saw it in the Rockets and Missiles section of the Space Hangar in the National Air & Space Museum's Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, VA.
NJ12 YAH
2012 Mercedes-Benz Axor 2543
Liquid Fuels Ltd, Potton, Bedfordshire
Buckingham, 22 September 2020
New to Imperial Tankers, Billingham, Cleveland
Walter HWK 109-509A-1 rocket engine
World War II German liquid-fuel bipropellant rocket motor that powered the Messerschmitt Me 163 and Bachem Ba 349 aircraft. It was rated at 300-1.500 kp thrust.
Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSME):
airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/engine-rocket-space...
Space Shuttle "Discovery"
airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/orbiter-space-shutt...
Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center /
National Air and Space Museum
At T-3 seconds, the countdown to liftoff was aborted for this Palm Tree 9 rocket.
The Palm Tree 9 is a liquid fuel rocket carrying a payload of coconuts bound for low Earth orbit.
NASA said the launch would be rescheduled once the palm tree was relocated to Cape Canaveral and replaced with a real rocket and payload. :P
The second stage accelerated the Saturn V through the upper atmosphere with 5.1 MN of thrust. When loaded, significantly more than 90 percent of the mass of the stage was propellant.
These are the three massive SSMEs [Space Shuttle Main Engines] which help propel the space shuttle to orbit.
8.5 miles in the Apache Kid Wilderness. As usual we had the trails all to ourselves. The chia magnesium fueling worked great. #slowcarb #endurance #keto #lowcarb #liquidfuel #ketones #ketogenic #ultrarunning
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Aurora Plastics Corp. Rocket Fuel.
The box contains two bags of the Concentrated Liquid Fuel and one bag of Reactor Pellets
I picked this oddity up on ebay. From what I have been able to determine, the 'liquid fuel' powder seems to be an acid while the pellets are an alkali.
The reaction is similar to Vinegar and Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking soda) and produces a gas that reacts like CO2
Googling turns up only a few references to Aurora Plastics and they seem to make plastic models - no flying rockets, though.
Rocketdyne J-2 cryogenic rocket motor, 232,250-lbf in vacuum - NASA Saturn V lunar launch vehicle, 1966
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Science Museum, London
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocketdyne_J-2
_DSC0875 Anx2 1400h Q90
The S-II was built by North American Aviation at Seal Beach, California. Using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, it had five J-2 engines in a similar arrangement to the S-IC, also using the outer engines for control.
(NYT19) NORTHERN NEW JERSEY -- May 8, 2005 -- NJ-HOMELAND-SECURITY-2 -- A complex of container ports, chemical plants and refineries, situated near residential areas and major highways, pictured between Newark Liberty International Airport and Port Elizabeth in northern New Jersey, May 4, 2005. It is the deadliest target in a swath of industrial northern New Jersey that terrorism experts call the most dangerous two miles in America. According to federal Environmental Protection Agency records, the plant poses a potentially lethal threat to 12 million people who live within a 14-mile radius. (Keith Meyers/The New York Times)
Please contact PlaNYC@cityhall.nyc.gov with any inquiries and follow us on twitter: @PlaNYC
Two liquid-fueled auxiliary propulsion system units mounted at the aft end of the stage were used for attitude control during the parking orbit and the trans-lunar phases of the mission.
Walter HWK 109-509A-1 liquid-fuel bipropellant rocket engine; Wkr.Nr. T-1908, on display at the Planes of Fame Air Museum.
These engines powered the Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet and Bachem Ba 349 aircraft.
A police officer, center, tries to maintain order as tempers flare in the wake of Hurricane Sandy at a gas station in the Brooklyn borough of New York on Thursday. As drivers waited in lines 100 cars deep to fill their tanks and many stations ran out, there were whiffs of desperation mixed with gasoline fumes. (Robert Stolarik/The New York Times)
Please contact PlaNYC@cityhall.nyc.gov with any inquiries and follow us on twitter: @PlaNYC
The five F-1 engines were arranged in a cross pattern. The center engine was fixed, while the four outer engines could be hydraulically turned ("gimballed") to control the rocket. In flight, the center engine was turned off about 26 seconds earlier than the outboard engines to limit acceleration.
Bag reads -
Directions: Dissolve contents in one pint of lukewarm water. Use one ounce (a full plastic measure) of solution for each shot.
Read my review on the MSR Whisperlite Stove on Epinions.
The MSR Whisperlite is a great basic stove that will meet most backpackers needs, while remaining more than light enough to easily pack and carry. There are a few drawbacks and depending upon what you are looking for in a backpacking stove, the Whisperlite might be your savior or might slightly annoy you, but on the whole the Whisperlite fills a need that is out there in the backpacking world – that is for a reliable, easy to use, light, and easily packed stove.
No. 44 on April 22, 1942, showing the end of the first static test run of the liquid-fuel jet [sic] units installed in the nacelles of the Douglas A-20A. Note the aft nacelle cowling is removed. (U.S. Air Force photo
8.5 miles in the Apache Kid Wilderness. As usual we had the trails all to ourselves. The chia magnesium fueling worked great. #slowcarb #endurance #keto #lowcarb #liquidfuel #ketones #ketogenic #ultrarunning
11 Likes on Instagram
During launch, the S-IC fired its engines for 168 seconds and at engine cutoff, the vehicle was at an altitude of about 42 miles , was downrange about 58 miles , and was moving about 5352 mph.
(NYT63) NORTHERN NEW JERSEY -- June 14, 2005 -- TERROR-CHEMICAL -- A complex of container ports, chemical plants and refineries, situated near residential areas and major highways, pictured between Newark Liberty International Airport and Port Elizabeth in northern New Jersey with the New York skyline in the background on May 4, 2005. Voluntary efforts to protect chemical plants from terrorist attacks are inadequate, Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff has concluded, saying that Congress should adopt federal standards. (Keith Meyers/The New York Times)
Please contact PlaNYC@cityhall.nyc.gov with any inquiries and follow us on twitter: @PlaNYC