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The Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor) is endangered throughout its distribution area in the Middle East. In this article, we briefly describe its global range and then emphasize the status, distribution, and threats in Armenia. The principal factors jeopardizing the long-term survival of the Persian leopard in Armenia are disturbance, poaching, and wildfire. Currently, work is underway to identify and describe the coarse-scale range, fine-scale range, and the Priority Leopard Conservation Areas (PLECAs) in the country. Because the leopard distribution is spatially exclusive of inhabited human settlements, the fine-scale range is defined as the coarse-scale one without villages and towns. The statistical information on both ranges is presented. Its comparative analysis has shown that the fine-scale range contains, with statistical significance, a smaller area of the mountain meadows and much shorter lengths of the main asphalted roads than its coarse-scale counterpart. The PLECAs are areas of permanent presence of the predator, which therefore must be granted the highest priority for conservation. The first candidates for the status of PLECAs in Armenia are identified.
The leopard (Panthera pardus) is a member of the Felidae family with a wide range in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa. It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List because it is declining in large parts of its range due to habitat loss and fragmentation, and hunting for trade and pest control. It is regionally extinct in Hong Kong, Singapore, Kuwait, Syria, Libya and Tunisia.
The leopard is the smallest of the four "big cats" in the genus Panthera. Compared to other members of the Felidae, the leopard has relatively short legs and a long body with a large skull. It is similar in appearance to the jaguar, but is smaller and more slightly built. Its fur is marked with rosettes similar to those of the jaguar, but the leopard's rosettes are smaller and more densely packed, and do not usually have central spots as the jaguars do. Both leopards and jaguars that are melanistic are known as black panthers.
The species' success in the wild is in part due to its opportunistic hunting behavior, its adaptability to habitats, its ability to run at speeds approaching 58 kilometres per hour (36 mph), its unequaled ability to climb trees even when carrying a heavy carcass, and its notorious ability for stealth. The leopard consumes virtually any animal that it can hunt down and catch. Its habitat ranges from rainforest to desert terrains.
Leopards show a great diversity in coat color and rosettes patterns. In general, the coat color varies from pale yellow to deep gold or tawny, and is patterned with black rosettes. The head, lower limbs and belly are spotted with solid black. Coat color and patterning are broadly associated with habitat type.
Their rosettes are circular in East Africa but tend to be squarer in southern Africa and larger in Asian populations. Their yellow coat tends to be more pale and cream colored in desert populations, more gray in colder climates, and of a darker golden hue in rainforest habitats. Overall, the fur under the belly tends to be lighter coloured and of a softer, downy type. Solid black spots in place of open rosettes are generally seen along the face, limbs and underbelly.
Leopards are agile and stealthy predators. Although they are smaller than other members of the Panthera genus, they are able to take large prey due to their massive skulls that facilitate powerful jaw muscles. Head and body length is usually between 90 and 165 cm (35 and 65 in). The tail reaches 60 to 110 cm (24 to 43 in) long, around the same length as the tiger's tail and relatively the longest tail in the Panthera genus (though snow leopards and the much smaller marbled cats are relatively longer tailed). Shoulder height is from 45 to 80 cm (18 to 31 in).
The muscles attached to the scapula are exceptionally strong, which enhance their ability to climb trees. They are very diverse in size. Males are about 30% larger than females, weighing 30 to 91 kg (66 to 201 lb) compared to 23 to 60 kg (51 to 132 lb) for females. Large males of up to 91 kg (201 lb) have been documented in Kruger National Park in South Africa; however, males in South Africa's coastal mountains average 31 kg (68 lb) and the females from the desert-edge in Somalia average 23 to 27 kg (51 to 60 lb). This wide variation in size is thought to result from the quality and availability of prey found in each habitat. The most diminutive leopard subspecies overall is the Arabian leopard (P. p. nimr), from deserts of the Middle East, with adult females of this race weighing as little as 17 kg (37 lb).
Other large subspecies, in which males weigh up to 91 kg (201 lb), are the Sri Lankan leopard (P. p. kotiya) and the Anatolian leopard (P. p. tulliana). Such larger leopards tend to be found in areas which lack tigers and lions, thus putting the leopard at the top of the food chain with no competitive restriction from large prey items.
The largest verified leopards weighed 96.5 kg (213 lb) and can reach 190 cm (75 in) in head-and-body length. Larger sizes have been reported but are generally considered unreliable. The leopard's body is comparatively long, and its legs are short.
Leopards may sometimes be confused with two other large spotted cats, the cheetah, with which it may co-exist in Africa, and the jaguar, a neotropical species that it does not naturally co-exist with. However, the patterns of spots in each are different: the cheetah has simple black spots, evenly spread; the jaguar has small spots inside the polygonal rosettes; while the leopard normally has rounder, smaller rosettes than those of the jaguar. The cheetah has longer legs and a thinner build that makes it look more streamlined and taller but less powerfully built than the leopard. The jaguar is more similar in build to the leopard but is generally larger in size and has a more muscular, bulky appearance.
He was just enjoying the sunshine in the Aqulia Game Reserve near Cape Town, South Africa when a small fly started to irritate him.
Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia)
The snow leopard is classified as a member of the order Carnivora (Carnivores) and is a member of the family Felidae. It is classified as an endangered species due to an estimated population of no more than 2500 snow leopards and the fact that it has no subpopulation numbering more than 250 mature leopards. Snow leopards can be found in eastern Asia
Another first for me on July 13 - mating leopards. Seeing them together really showed how big the male was. They had been going at it for a while (days), with each encounter lasting only seconds (just like the lions). She initiates each time by brushing against him as she is doing here
African Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus)
Sighted at -24.8001,31.4049 (S 24° 48' 0.2" E 31° 24' 17.5").
13 July 2011 07:28am
Savanna Lodge, Sabi Sand Reserve, Kruger National Park.
-24.8601,31.4012 (Lat S 24° 51' 36.4" Long E 31° 24' 4.4")
Kruger-SabiSand-SavannaLodge_2011Jul13_0990_D3S_5990; Nikkor 400/2.8 VR
This photo was taken on the 13/12 - 2014.
We did not have snow in December, but we did have autumn colours with spring weather, haha.
I got to the zoo, only expecting the snow leopards to get fed, but it seemed like all the big cats got some kind of treat.
I didn't have a lot of photos of the persian leopard, until this day. I am still editing them and trying to get the colours to look good. It's the male persian leopard on the photo above and he had the opportunity to get a bunny as a treat.
Snow Leopard.
Toronto Zoo.
These are amazing animals, and one of the highlights of our visit.
P4152734_Edited-1
A winsome amur leopard at the Minnesota Zoological Garden. Please, everyone: Support all efforts to save these beautiful wild cats from extinction in the wild!!!
Next portrait of the young leopard, I really got some nice pictures of him! :)
Taken at the Toni's zoo.
Sorry for being away so long.... It was planting time on the farm!!! Long hours, long days...
As soon as we finished we jumped at the opportunity to visit Kruger, obviously our favourite holiday destination!!!
Back from another fantastic trip to Kruger Park! What a place!! It was very hot, very rainy… But does'nt matter, it was Kruger!!!!
Every time I try to spot the magical leopard, but this was the best I could manage...!!!
What a great experience it was though!!! (Always is!!!) (Just 2km out of Skukuza..!!)
Having clicked the photograph of this sun-loving butterfly-The Common Leopard (Phalanta phalantha) i realized that a stand and patience are priceless assets in the arsenal of a photographer..