View allAll Photos Tagged kirkuk
This archeological building is like a castle without service and protection of the Termir in the city of Kirkuk
the view is photo line is panoramic s the 32 photos
the old architecture in kirkuk city
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travel line photography
Kurdistan (Kurdish: Kurdistan/كوردستان, literally meaning "the land of Kurds"[2]; Ancient: Corduene, old: Koordistan, Curdistan, Kurdia or Kurdiya, also Kurdish: Kurdewarî) is the name of a geographic and cultural region in the Middle East, inhabited predominantly by the Kurds.
As a traditional ethnographic region, Kurdistan is generally held to include the contiguous regions in northern and northeastern Mesopotamia with large Kurdish populations. From a political standpoint, Iraqi Kurdistan is the only region which has gained official recognition internationally as a federal entity.According to Encyclopædia Britannica, Kurdistan covers about 190,000 km², and its chief towns are Diyarbakır, Bitlis, and Van in Turkey, Mosul , Arbil and Kirkuk in Iraq, and Kermanshah, Sanandaj and Mahabad in Iran.[13] According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, Kurdistan covers around 190,000 km² in Turkey, 125,000 km² in Iran, 65,000 km² in Iraq, and 12,000 km² in Syria and the total area of Kurdistan is estimated at approximately 392,000 km²[14]. Others estimate as many as 40 million Kurds live in Kurdistan, which covers an area as big as France. The Kurdistan Province in Iran and Iraqi Kurdistan are both included in the usual definition of Kurdistan.
... just because I'm Kurdish ...
Iraqi Kurdistan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Capital
(and largest city) Erbil
36°11′N 44°00′E / 36.183, 44
Official languages Kurdish[1]
Government Parliamentary democracy
- President Massoud Barzani
- Prime Minister Nechervan Idris Barzani
- Deputy Prime Minister Omer Fattah Hussain
Formation of Autonomous Region
- Autonomy accord agreement signed March 11, 1970
- Autonomy accord collapsed March, 1974
- Gained de facto independence October, 1991
- The TAL recognized the autonomy of the KRG as full sovereignty. January 30, 2005
Area
- Total 80,000 km2 (117th)
30,888 sq mi
Population
- 2008 estimate 7,000,000 (108th)
- Density 40/km2 (166th)
15/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2007 estimate
- Total 27 billion (not ranked)
- Per capita $5,500 (not ranked)
HDI (As of 2006) n/a (n/a) (not ranked)
Currency Iraqi Dinar is the offical currency, American Dollar widely accepted in all business transactions (IQD)
Time zone (UTC+3)
- Summer (DST) (UTC+4)
Internet TLD Various
Calling code 964
Iraqi Kurdistan Region (Kurdish: هه رێمى كوردستان عێراق, Herêmi Kurdistan Iraq, Arabic:إقليم كردستان العراق , Iqlĩm Kurdistãn al-‘Irāq , also Southern Kurdistan and in Kurdish: باشووری کوردستان ) is an autonomous,[2] federally recognized political, ethnic and economic region of Iraq. It borders Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, and Syria to the west and the rest of Iraq to the South. Its capital is the city of Erbil, known in Kurdish as Hewlêr.
Etymology
The name Kurdistan literally means Land of the Kurds. The term Kurd in turn is derived from the Latin word Cordueni, i.e. the of the ancient Kingdom of Corduene, which became a Roman province in 66 BC.
In the Iraqi Constitution, it is referred to as Kurdistan Region.[3]. The regional government refers to it as Kurdistan-Iraq (or simply Kurdistan region) but avoids using Iraqi Kurdistan.[4] The full name of the local government is "Kurdistan Regional Government" (abbrev: KRG.)
Kurds also refer to the region as Kurdistana Başûr (South Kurdistan) or Başûrî Kurdistan (Southern Kurdistan or South of Kurdistan) referring to its geographical location within the whole of the greater Kurdistan region.
During the Baath Party administration in the '70s and '80s, the region was called "Kurdish Autonomous Region".
[edit] History
[edit] Ottoman Period
Main articles: Ottoman Empire, Mamluk rule in Iraq, Mesopotamian campaign, and Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire
The area today known as Iraqi Kurdistan was formerly ruled by three principalities of Baban, Badinan and Soran. In 1831, the direct Ottoman rule was imposed and lasted until World War I, during which the Ottomans sided with Germany and the Central Powers.
[edit] British Mandate
During World War I the British and French divided Western Asia in the Sykes-Picot Agreement. The Treaty of Sèvres, which was ratified in the Treaty of Lausanne, led to the advent of modern Western Asia and Republic of Turkey. The League of Nations granted France mandates over Syria and Lebanon and granted the United Kingdom mandates over Iraq and Palestine (which then consisted of two autonomous regions: Palestine and Transjordan). Parts of the Ottoman Empire on the Arabian Peninsula became parts of what are today Saudi Arabia and Yemen.
[edit] Kurdish revolts
On December 1, 1918, during a meeting in Sulaymaniyah with Colonel Arnold Wilson, the Acting Civil Commissioner for Mesopotamia, Kurdish leaders called for British support for a united and independent Kurdistan under British protection. Between 1919 and 1922, Shaikh Mahmud Barzanji, an influential Kurdish leader based in Sulaymaniyah, formed a Kurdish government and led two revolts against the British rule. It took the British authorities two years to put down his uprisings. The first revolt began on May 22, 1919 with the arrest of British officials in Sulaymaniyah and it quickly spread to Mosul and Erbil. The British employed aerial bombardments, artillery, ground combat, and on one occasion, chemical gas, in an attempt to quell the uprising.[5] Then the British exiled Mahmoud to India. In July 1920, 62 tribal leaders of the region, called for the independence of Kurdistan under a British mandate. The objection of the British to Kurdish self-rule sprang from the fear that success of an independent Kurdish area would tempt the two Arab areas of Baghdad and Basra to follow suit, hence endangering the direct British control over all Mesopotamia. In 1922, Britain restored Shaikh Mahmoud to power, hoping that he would organize the Kurds to act as a buffer against the Turks, who had territorial claims over Mosul and Kirkuk. Shaikh Mahmoud declared a Kurdish Kingdom with himself as King, though later he agreed to limited autonomy within the new state of Iraq. In 1930, following the announcement of the admission of Iraq to the League of Nations, Shaikh Mahmoud started a third uprising which was suppressed with British air and ground forces.[6][7]
By 1927, the Barzani clan had become vocal supporters of Kurdish rights in Iraq. In 1929, the Barzani demanded the formation of a Kurdish province in northern Iraq. Emboldened by these demands, in 1931 Kurdish notables petitioned the League of Nations to set up an independent Kurdish government. Under pressure from the Iraqi government and the British, the most influential leader of the clan, Mustafa Barzani was forced into exile in Iran in 1945. Later he moved to the Soviet Union after the collapse of the Republic of Mahabad in 1946.[8]
[edit] Barzani Revolts 1960-1975 and their Aftermath
After the military coup by Abdul Karim Qasim in 1958, Barzani was able to return from exile and set up his own political party, Kurdistan Democratic Party, which was granted legal status in 1960. Soon afterwards, Qasim incited the Baradost and Zebari tribes against Barzani. In June 1961, Barzani led his first revolt against the Iraqi government with the aim of securing Kurdish autonomy. Due to the disarray in the Iraqi Army after the 1958 coup, Qasim's government was not able to subdue the insurrection. This stalemate irritated powerful factions within the military and is said to be one of the main reasons behind the Baathist coup against Qasim in February 1963. Abdul Salam Arif declared a ceasefire in February 1964 which provoked a split among Kurdish urban radicals on one hand and traditional forces led by Barzani on the other. Barzani agreed to the ceasefire and fired the radicals from the party. Despite this, the government in Baghdad tried once more to defeat Barzani's movement by force. This campaign failed in 1966, when Barzani forces defeated the Iraqi Army near Rawanduz. After this, Arif announced a 12-point peace program in June 1966, which was not implemented due to the overthrow of Arif in a 1968 coup by the Baath Party. The Baath government started a campaign to end the Kurdish insurrection, which stalled in 1969. This can be partly attributed to the internal power struggle in Baghdad and also tensions with Iran. Moreover, the Soviets pressured the Iraqis to come to terms with Barzani. A peace plan was announced in March 1970 and provided for broader Kurdish autonomy. The plan also gave Kurds representation in government bodies, to be implemented in four years.[9] Despite this, the Iraqi government embarked on an Arabization program in the oil rich regions of Kirkuk and Khanaqin in the same period.[10] In the following years, Baghdad government overcame its internal divisions and concluded a treaty of friendship with the Soviet Union in April 1972 and ended its isolation within the Arab world. On the other hand, Kurds remained dependent on the Iranian military support and could do little to strengthen their forces.
[edit] The Algiers Agreement
In 1974, Iraqi government began a new offensive against the Kurds and pushed them close to the border with Iran. Iraq informed Tehran that it was willing to satisfy other Iranian demands in return for an end to its aid to the Kurds. With mediation by Algerian President Houari Boumédiènne, Iran and Iraq reached a comprehensive settlement in March 1975 known as the Algiers Pact. The agreement left the Kurds helpless and Tehran cut supplies to the Kurdish movement. Barzani fled to Iran with many of his supporters. Others surrendered en masse and the rebellion ended after a few days. As a result Iraqi government extended its control over the northern region after 15 years and in order to secure its influence, started an Arabization program by moving Arabs to the oil fields in Kurdistan, particularly the ones around Kirkuk.[11] The repressive measures carried out by the government against the Kurds after the Algiers agreement led to renewed clashes between the Iraqi Army and Kurdish guerrillas in 1977. In 1978 and 1979, 600 Kurdish villages were burned down and around 200,000 Kurds were deported to the other parts of the country.[12]
[edit] Iran–Iraq War and Anfal Campaign
During the Iran–Iraq War, the Iraqi government again implemented anti-Kurdish policies and a de facto civil war broke out. Iraq was widely-condemned by the international community, but was never seriously punished for oppressive measures, including the use of chemical weapons against the Kurds, which resulted in thousands of deaths. (See Halabja poison gas attack.)
The Al-Anfal Campaign constituted a systematic genocide of the Kurdish people in Iraq. From March 29, 1987 until April 23, 1989, Iraqi army under the command of Ali Hassan al-Majid carried out a genocidal campaign against the Kurds, characterized by the following human rights violations: The widespread use of chemical weapons, the wholesale destruction of some 2,000 villages, and slaughter of around 50,000 rural Kurds, by the most conservative estimates. The large Kurdish town of Qala Dizeh (population 70,000) was completely destroyed by the Iraqi army. The campaign also included Arabization of Kirkuk, a program to drive Kurds out of the oil-rich city and replace them with Arab settlers from central and southern Iraq.[13] Kurdish sources report the number of dead to be greater than 182,000.[14]
[edit] After the Persian Gulf War
The Kurdistan Region was originally established in 1970 as the Kurdish Autonomous Region following the agreement of an Autonomy Accord between the government of Iraq and leaders of the Iraqi Kurdish community. A Legislative Assembly was established in the city of Erbil with theoretical authority over the Kurdish-populated governorates of Erbil, Dahuk and As Sulaymaniyah. In practice, however, the assembly created in 1970 was under the control of Iraqi President Saddam Hussein until the 1991 uprising against his rule following the end of the Persian Gulf War. Concern for safety of Kurdish refugees was reflected in the United Nations Security Council Resolution 688 which gave birth to a safe haven, in which U.S. and British air power protected a Kurdish zone inside Iraq.[15] (see Operation Provide Comfort). While the no-fly zone covered Dahuk and Erbil, it left out Sulaymaniyah and Kirkuk. Then following several bloody clashes between Iraqi forces and Kurdish troops, an uneasy and shaky balance of power was reached, and the Iraqi government withdrew its military and other personnel from the region in October 1991. At the same time, Iraq imposed an economic blockade over the region, reducing its oil and food supplies.[16] The region thus gained de facto independence, being ruled by the two principal Kurdish parties – the Kurdish Democratic Party and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan – outside the control of Baghdad. The region has its own flag and national anthem.
Elections held in June 1992 produced an inconclusive outcome, with the assembly divided almost equally between the two main parties and their allies. During this period, the Kurds were subjected to a double embargo: one imposed by the United Nations on Iraq and one imposed by Saddam Hussein on their region. The severe economic hardships caused by the embargoes, fueled tensions between the two dominant political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq (KDP) and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) over control of trade routes and resources.[17] This led to internecine and intra-Kurdish conflict and warfare between 1994 and 1996. After 1996, 13% of the Iraqi oil sales were allocated for Iraqi Kurdistan and this led to a relative prosperity in the region.[18] Direct United States mediation led the two parties to a formal ceasefire in Washington Agreement in September 1998. It is also argued that the Oil for Food Program from 1997 onward had an important effect on cessation of hostilities.[19] Kurdish parties joined forces against the Iraqi government in the Operation Iraqi Freedom in Spring 2003. The Kurdish military forces known as peshmerga played a key role in the overthrow of the former Iraqi government.[20]
KDP and PUK have united to form an alliance with several smaller parties, and the Kurdish alliance has 53 deputies in the new Baghdad parliament, while the Kurdish Islamic Union has 5. PUK-leader Jalal Talabani has been elected President of the new Iraqi administration, while KDP leader Massoud Barzani is President of the Kurdistan Regional Government.
[edit] Politics
Main article: Kurdistan Regional Government
President George W. Bush talks to reporters as he welcomes Massoud Barzani, the President of the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq, to the Oval Office at the White House, Tuesday, Oct 25, 2005.Since 1992, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) has been based in Erbil. The KRG has a parliament, elected by popular vote, called the Iraqi Kurdistan National Assembly, and a cabinet composed of the KDP, the PUK and their allies (Iraqi Communist Party, the Socialist Party of Kurdistan etc.). Nechervan Idris Barzani has been prime minister of the KRG since 1999.
After the 2003 Invasion of Iraq Kurdish politicians were represented in the Iraqi governing council. On January 30, 2005 three elections were held in the region: 1) for Transitional National Assembly of Iraq 2) for Iraqi Kurdistan National Assembly and 3) for provincial councils.[21] The Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period recognized the autonomy of the Kurdistan Regional Government during the interim between "full sovereignty" and the adoption of a permanent constitution.
The Kurdistan Regional Government currently has constitutionally recognised authority over the provinces of Erbil, Dahuk, and As Sulaymaniyah, as well as de facto authority over half of Kirkuk (at-Ta'mim) province and parts of Diyala, Salah ad-Din and Ninawa provinces.
[edit] Economy
The Kurdistan region's economy is dominated by the oil industry, agriculture and tourism[22]. Due to relative peace in the region it has a more developed economy in comparison to other parts of Iraq.
Prior to the removal of Saddam Hussein, the Kurdistan Regional Government received approximately 13% of the revenues from Iraq's Oil-for-Food Program. By the time of the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, the program had disbursed $8.35 billion to the KRG. Iraqi Kurdistan's food security allowed for substantially more of the funds to be spent on development projects than in the rest of Iraq. By the program's end in 2003 $4 billion of the KRG's oil-for-food funds remained unspent.
Following the removal of Saddam Hussein's administration and the subsequent violence, the three provinces fully under the Kurdistan Regional Government's control were the only three in Iraq to be ranked "secure" by the US military. The relative security and stability of the region has allowed the KRG to sign a number of investment contracts with foreign companies. In 2006 the first new oil well since the invasion of Iraq was drilled in the Kurdistan region by the Norwegian energy company DNO. Initial indications are that the oil field contains at least 100 million barrels (16,000,000 m3) of oil and will be pumping 5,000 bpd by early 2007. The KRG has signed exploration agreements with two other oil companies, Canada's Western Oil Sands and the UK's Sterling Energy.
The stability of the Kurdistan region has allowed it to achieve a higher level of development than other regions in Iraq. In 2004 the per capita income was 25% higher than in the rest of Iraq. Two international airports at Erbil (see Erbil International Airport and Sulaymaniyah (see Sulaimaniyah International Airport) both operate flights to Middle Eastern and European destinations. The government continues to receive a portion of the revenue from Iraq's oil exports, and the government will soon implement a unified foreign investment law. The KRG also has plans to build a media city in Erbil and free trade zones near the borders of Turkey and Iran.
The region still gets a cut from Iraqi-Turkish trade, plus subsidies from the United States[citation needed] and Israel[citation needed].
Since 2003, the stronger economy of Kurdistan has attracted around 20,000 workers from other parts of Iraq.[23] According to Iraqi president Jalal Talabani, since 2003 the number of millionaires in the Kurdish city of Silêmani has increased from 12 to 2000, reflecting the financial and economic growth of the region.[24]
[edit] Geography
A popular waterfall near Erbil.The Iraqi Kurdistan is largely mountainous, with the highest point being a 3,611 m (11,847 ft) point known locally as Cheekah Dar (black tent). There are many rivers flowing and running through mountains of the region making it distinguished by its fertile lands, plentiful water, picturesque nature.
The mountainous nature of Kurdistan, the difference of temperatures in its various parts, and its wealth of waters, make Kurdistan a land of agriculture and tourism. In addition to various minerals, oil in particular, which for a long time was being extracted via pipeline only in Kurdistan through Iraq.
The largest lake in the region is Lake Dukan.
The term "Northern Iraq" is a bit of a geographical ambiguity in usage. "North" typically refers to the Kurdistan Region. "Center" and "South" or "Center-South" when individually referring to the other areas of Iraq or the rest of the country that is not the Kurdistan Region. Most media sources continually refer to "North" and "Northern Iraq" as anywhere north of Baghdad.
[edit] Governorates
Iraqi Kurdistan is divided among seven governorates of which currently three are under the control of the Kurdistan Regional Government. These governorates are called in Kurdish parêzge. Particularly in Iraqi government documents, the term governorate is preferred:
Autonomous Region KurdistanThe governorates wholly under the Kurdistan Regional Government are:
1. As Sulaymaniyah (Slêmanî)
2. Erbil (Hewlêr)
3. Dahuk (Duhok)
Main article: Kirkuk status referendum, 2008
The governorates claimed totally or in part by the Kurdistan Regional Government are:
4. Kirkuk (Kerkûk) - (all)
5. Diyala - Kifri Khanaqin and Baladrooz districts
6. Ninawa - Akra, Shekhan, Al-Shikhan, Al-Hamdaniya, Tel Kaif, Tall Afar and Sinjar districts
7. Salah ad Din - Tooz district
8. Wasit - Badrah district
A referendum was scheduled to be held on 15 November 2007 to determine whether these governorates, or parts of them, will be included in the Kurdish Regional Government. The referendum is intended to cover all districts of Kirkuk Governorate, the Khanaquin and Kifri districts of Diyala Governorate, the Touz-Khur-Mati district of Salah ad Din Governorate, and the Akra and Shekan districts of Ninewa Governorate. This referendum has been postponed, first to 31 December 2007, and subsequently for up to a further six months. Kurds insist that the referendum be held as soon as possible.
[edit] Demographics
Ethnic and religious distribution of Iraq.The population is about 5-6 million. 95% of these are Kurdish Muslims who are Sunnis. There are also significant numbers of Yazidis, Kakeyís, Jews and Christians. Kurds comprise the ethnic majority in the region (about 95%) while the Turkmen, Assyrians, Armenians and Arabs who reside particularly in the western part of the area make up the rest.
[edit] Culture
Main article: Kurdish culture
A Kurdish woman makes breadKurdish culture is a group of distinctive cultural traits practiced by Kurdish people. The Kurdish culture is a legacy from the various ancient peoples who shaped modern Kurds and their society, but primarily of two layers of indigenous (Hurrian), and of the ancient Iranic (Medes).
Among their neighbours, the Kurdish culture is closest to Iranian culture . For example they celebrate Newroz as the new year day, which is celebrated on March 21. It is the first day of the month of Xakelêwe in Kurdish calendar and the first day of spring.[25]
[edit] Music
Main article: Kurdish music
Traditionally, there are three types of Kurdish classical performers - storytellers (çîrokbêj), minstrels (stranbêj) and bards (dengbêj). There was no specific music related to the Kurdish princely courts, and instead, music performed in night gatherings (şevbihêrk) is considered classical. Several musical forms are found in this genre. Many songs are epic in nature, such as the popular lawiks which are heroic ballads recounting the tales of Kurdish heroes of the past like Saladin. Heyrans are love ballads usually expressing the melancholy of separation and unfulfilled love. Lawje is a form of religious music and Payizoks are songs performed specifically in autumn. Love songs, dance music, wedding and other celebratory songs (dîlok/narînk), erotic poetry and work songs are also popular.
[edit] Military
Main article: Peshmerga
Peshmerga is the term used by Kurds to refer to armed Kurdish fighters, they have been labelled by some as freedom fighters. Literally meaning "those who face death" (pêş front + merg death e is) the peshmerga forces of Kurdistan have been around since the advent of the Kurdish independence movement in the early 1920s, following the collapse of the Ottoman and Qajar empires which had jointly ruled over the area known today as Kurdistan.
Peshmerga forces also played a significant role with coalition troops in the war against the Ba'ath government in Northern Iraq.
I am kind of interested in the meaning of names and their origin. I have found that many times the way we get our last names, especially immigrants, is kind of amusing.
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My classmate Jesse Fine-Gagne’s mother is Jewish of Russian origin, and her last name is ‘Fine’. The story goes that a long time ago when one of Jesse’ grandfathers was immigrating to North America from Russia he had to be in good physical health to be allowed on the ship. Since he didn’t speak English he was taught to say “fine” when asked about his physical condition, but he also answered “fine” when asked what his last name was. Ever since then the family goes by the last name ‘Fine’. Interesting, eh? This story got me interested in finding the story of my last name, or rather names! Here is what I found!
Few centuries ago my family was known as ‘Al-Moslawi’ translated to ‘The Ninevite’ in English, because one of my grandfathers named Hanna (‘Hanna’ in Arabic is the male name ‘John’ in English) who was from Nineveh (a city in north Iraq) immigrated to Kirkuk, another city in Iraq, and so people in Kirkuk called him ‘Al-Moslawi’. Few generations later (about 200 years ago) another Hanna had two sons and one daughter. One of the sons became a blacksmith and so he was known as ‘Hadad’ translated to ‘blacksmith’ in English.
I never knew my family’s last name is actually ‘Hadad’ until few weeks ago when I found out that the rest of my father’s family still carries the last name Hadad! Because Iraq was, and still largely is, a traditional society it was a common practice for a person to be known by his profession and then the whole family would carry his profession as their last name. The last name ‘Hadad’ is used by many families in Iraq because as you would have guessed there was more than one blacksmith! The last name Hadad is also popular in countries like Jordan, Syria, Israel/Palestine, and Lebanon, and it is used typically by Christian families (as far as I know).
Then about a century ago my great grandfather (named Hanna too!) who studied to become a pharmacist in Turkey decided to change his last name to ‘Al-Saidaly’ which translates to ‘The Pharmacist’. So my dad’s family has been known as ‘Al-Saidaly’ (some of my dad’s cousins use this last name while others still use Hadad) or ‘Eczacı’, the later being the Turkish word for ‘pharmacist’. (Turkey, under the Ottoman Empire, had occupied Iraq for about 400 years until WWI so there was a huge influence of the Turkish language on the daily language of Iraqis.)
However, my family never used the last name ‘Al-Saidaly’ officially because Iraq’s official naming scheme was as follows: [your first name] [your father’s first name] [your grandfather’s first name]! (This was known as the triple name.) So if your name is Mark, and your dad’s name is James, and your grandfather’s name is Peter, your official name is: Mark James Peter! Only Arabs from large tribes used their family name because they are very proud of where they come from, so officially they would state their triple name plus their family name. But unofficially they would simply state their first name plus their family name (the same naming system used in North America). I wish I can tell you that is the end of my last name’s story, but it is not!
So when Iraqis have to get their passport they usually automatically get the following naming format: your first name stays your first name, and your grandfather’s first name becomes your last name! So to use the example above the person’s name becomes: Mark Peter! Peter being the person’s last name! The only exception to this if the person immigrating knows how the naming scheme works in the west so he asks to have his family name, like Hadad or Al-Saidaly, as his last name. But in most cases people just want to leave as fast as possible and the last thing they worry about is how their name is written in the passport! That is why you see a lot of middle easterners having first names like ‘Ali’, ‘Hussein’ and ‘Joseph’ as their last name!
So, because my grandfather’s first name is Joseph I got the last name Joseph! However, the people working at the passport office under Saddam Hussein’s rule were not the most educated people so they misspelled Joseph as ‘Jozif’! And now my sister and I have the last name ‘Jozif’! Misspelling names when translated to English or writing variation of spellings for the same name is common, as it is common to see siblings having different spellings of their same last name. For example, my mom’s last name is Tawfik, while her brothers and sisters have variations of Tawfik as their last name (because every one of them left Iraq at a different time so they got their passports separately). The name ‘Tawfik’ is known to be spelled as: Tawfeeq, Tawfeek, Tawfiq, Tawfeq, Tawfek, Taufik, Taufiq, etc...you get the idea! (‘Tawfik’ is a male first name in Arabic that means ‘good fortune’; it is used by both Christians and Muslims.)
Don’t get me wrong, I am not complaining about the last name ‘Jozif’ as people usually look at my last name and assume I am eastern European, which is not a bad thing as there are no bad stereotypes about eastern Europeans! In North America it is much better than having a last name that starts with ‘Al’!!! The only two drawbacks of the last name ‘Jozif’ is that it sounds like ‘Joseph’ and so some people assume it is my first name; second, a lot of people in Canada automatically misspell it as ‘Josef’, ‘Jozef’, or 'Josif' which means I have to go back and correct it which is a hassle!
What is the story of your last name?
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PS: Special thanks to my classmate Joshua for taking my photo :)
(Toronto, ON; winter 2011.)
Kurd Kurdistan @ ® Photo Photo © Jan M. Sefti
Animaux, fleurs, nature, paysage
Haute résolution photographique
La publication de photos Kurd @
Photographie © Sefti Voyage photo
@ L'histoire Magix Photos du Kurdistan
L'ancien et le nouveau Kurdistan Photos ©
Arbil (also written Erbil or Irbil اربيل - ههولێر, Hewlêr; ܐܪܒܝܠ
Under Median Empire the Median King Cyaxares settled a number of Sagarthian tribes of Zagros in Arbela and Kirkuk, probably as a reward for their help in capture of Nineveh. After revolts of Medes led by Phraortes king of Media (522-521 BC) were put down by Darius I of Persia, the Sagartians of Arbela rebelled against Darius continuing the Median revolts. Darius sent an army led by a Median general named Takhmaspâda, and in the summer of 521 BC defeated Sagartians, led by Tritantaechmes, who claimed to be a descendant of the Great Median King Cyaxares. According to Darius, the rebel of Arbela was the last revolt of Media which he put down. These incidents are carved on the Behistun Inscription around Kermanshah.
The Battle of Gaugamela, in which Alexander the Great defeated Darius III of Persia in 331 BC, took place about one hundred kilometres (sixty miles) west of Arbil. After the battle, Darius managed to flee to the city, and, somewhat inaccurately, the confrontation is sometimes known as the Battle of Arbela.
The name Hewlêr, is also used for this historic town of Mesopotamia by Kurdish settlers of the city and derives from Horlêr, meaning "Temple of the Sun" in the Kurdish language. This may have originated from the religions of Mithraism, Yazdanism and Zoroastrianism practiced by Kurds in which the sun and fire play a significant role
october 2014
Some peshmergas take me to the front lines of the war against ISIS. I find myself in the Taza area, just south of Kirkuk, on the road to Baghdad.
According to them, very few journalists come here. Some even said that I was the only was they saw. Nonetheless, it is a key strategic location. It is very dangerous there since Kirkuk is divided: Kurds in the north, ISIS in the south. All along the front lines you can see different units roaming about little traditional houses. Some are kept by old Kurdish vets from the 1980s wars.
Many vets have returned to war, despite being well past middle-aged and having children and grandchildren. Some even behind comfortable lives in Europe to come back, like a Swiss colonel I met. For them, it is their duty to fight for their region. Despite being autonomous and having a large secessionist movement, Kurdistan is not recognized as a state distinct from Iraq. “Some terrorists come along and now the whole world calls them the ‘Islamic State’,” complains one peshmerga, “For decades we have been trying to make the state of Kurdistan and we’ve gotten nothing!”
They have very few weapons, most of them are pre-Cold War AK47s. Some even date back to 1960. They still work, but the Kurdish forces ask for more efficient guns since ISIS has the latest weapons taken (or given) from the Iraqi army who in turn was supplied by coalition forces.
Many vets have only one working eye. The other was lost in previous wars. Once night falls, it becomes very difficult to monitor the 1000km long border. They don’t even have night vision equipment.
Last week it rained for 5 days, and it was impossible to see or hear anything. Some ISIS guys tried to gain territory, but the Kurds successfully fought them off. Their 4 wheel drives were stuck in the mud while ISIS’s brand new hummers were able to move about without issue. From the front line you can see ISIS flags. Since they told me to pack light, I didn’t bring a zoom lens. Sorry! You can see the smoke from their kitchen and even see men running from house to house.
ISIS is only 500 meters from the Kurdish position but nobody seems afraid. Peshmerga know that death is part of their fate, and even if they look like an army from another century, they will defend themselves and their country to the very end. For them, it is the highest honor to die for Kurdistan.
They protect the Baghdad road, but a few weeks ago lost it. After heavy fighting, they regained it, killing 3 Chechen ISIS fighters in the process.
Since peshmerga don’t have armored cars, it is very dangerous for them to go around safely.
The car I took to go on the front lines was very slow and made in the 80s. If we were chased by ISIS cars, we wouldn’t have stood a chance. In one day, all the materiel I saw included AK47s, a tank, an RPG, and a few gun old machines. Even if the pehsmergas say that this equipment works well, they are disappointed not to receive new ones, as Europe and USA promised.
The day after my visit, France made lot of bombings in the area, as ISIS was too close. Peshmergas take a lot of pictures, not only for souvenirs, but also to fight ISIS on the new front: social media.
They fear the roads they do not know well as ISIS pays the local farmers to put mines. Even in times of war, peshmergas are among the most welcoming people in the world. They regularly offer food and drinks.
When it was time for me to go back to the safety of Erbil, circumstances changed. The north road was closed because of an ISIS attack. The only way out was to send me through the south road that crossed Kirkuk. Let’s just say that safety there was not ideal. I had to hide my camera, and we crossed Kirkuk with an escort of armed peshmergas and a civilian car.
The soldiers were all nervous since Kirkuk is very dangerous, especially at the check points. As soon as a car was driving next to ours for too long, they were shouting at the driver to go away.
If a man was crossing the road too slowly, they threatened to hit him. These methods, employed by ISIS suicide bombers, have claimed the lives of hundred in Kirkuk. Once on the Kurdish side, they found a Kurdish taxi driver to bring me safely back to Erbil.
More about this story:
ericlafforgue.com/wp-content/uploads/vets.pdf
© Eric Lafforgue
It does not stop ISIS bullets but it helps to fight them... Kurdish peshmergas on Taza frontline, Kirkuk area, Kurdistan
بـایـڪـۆت ڪـۆمـان دەڪـاتـەوە
The Kurds are seen as the world's largest ethnic group without an official homeland.
We are Not Syrian, Not Iraqian, Not turk, Not Iranian
WE ARE KURD FROM KURDISTAN
💚🌞❤
The Fortress of Al-Ukhaidir is located roughly 50 km south of Karbala, Iraq. It is a large, rectangular fortress erected in 775 AD with a unique defensive style. Constructed by an Abbasid caliph, Ukhaidir represents Abbasid architectural innovation in the structures of its courtyards, residences and mosque. With the architectural design, visiting on a dusty yet sunny day offers a chance to capture shadows and illuminating light in the same scene.
Erbil is marking the 28th anniversary of the city’s uprising with a 10-day long festival.
The ‘Azadi [freedom] and Newroz [New Year]’ festival kicked off in front of Erbil citadel on Monday with music and dancing.
“It’s joy and happiness. These events are getting better every year. Thanks to God that the crises are ending and the people will have better life,” said singer Arab Osman of the event.
The wave of uprisings against the Baathist regime of Saddam Hussein started in Raniya on March 5, 1991, spreading to Sulaimani on March 7, Erbil on the 11th, Duhok on the 14th, and culminating in Kirkuk on the 21st, coinciding with the Newroz festival...
بەرەو نەورۆزی هیوا و هەستانەوەی رۆژهەڵات.
Berew newrozî hîwa û hestanewey rojhellat.
NEWROZA WE PÎROZ BE!
Happy Newroz, Kurdish New Year, but also for all other Iranian peoples (Persians, Afghans, Tajiks ...), Newroz celebrates the Spring, the Rebirth of Life and Nature, and for Kurds it symbolizes the Freedom, in fact according to the kurdish legend, Kawa the Blacksmith killed the evil king Zohak and freed from tyranny all peoples of the empire. That's why Newroz is also the National Kurdish Day.
نوروزتان پیرۆز بێت Newroz we pîroz be ! Happy Newroz
("thank you very much for your visit ")
"I'll follow back and thanks for liking/commenting."
amazing place and keep sharing !
You can to add to any group. I would appreciate if you could share this.
K U R D I S T A N - 💛❤💚كوردستان💋
NEWROZA WE PÎROZ BE!
50 million occupied Kurds across 4 regions
The Struggle for Freedom: Justice for the Kurds
We want Freedom for Kurdistan.
Just reminder for my people, never forget they kill us just because we’re the Kurds we have our own culture tradition heritage history and path which are different from theirs , don’t forget don’t forgive, we are the origin people of this land they’re just invaders
Peshmarge Message
We were fighting against terror to protect humanity
kurdistan, Kurdish struggle for Peace, Freedom . Democracy
Thanks for your visit
kurdish & proud ❤️️💛💚
بۆ پاراستنی کوردستان ببێتە فەرهەنگی هەموومان
وەک کێو .. لە ناو دڵی میللەتەکەت
وەک کێو .. بەرامبەر دوژمنانی میللەتەکەت
بــە کـــەرکـــوکــدا زانــیــم،
خـــیـــانـــەت ، چـــی لـــە دڵــــی مـــرۆڤ دەکــــا..
خاک و نیشتیمان وەکو دایک وایە
ئەوەی خاک و نیشتیمانەکەی بفروشیت
وەک ئەوە وایە دایکی خوی فروشتووە
بۆمن هەموورۆژێک نەورۆزە چونکەئاگرێک لە دلمە ...
Agirê Newrozê nîşana serkeftin û bi dawî anîna zordarî û bidestiyê ye.
Nowruz, in peace, brotherly and festivities must be celebration, love for all humanity, peace freedom and brotherhood friendship. Nowruz over neurosis happy eid to all everyone greetings and love,,--------------------
Newroza gelê kurd , sersala 2718 k pîroz be.. her sal bi xêr û xweşî be ..
Sala nû Azadî û felat be .. ✌
نوروز مبارك .. و رأس سنة كوردية 2719 ك مجيدة
عام حرية و تحرر و خلاص من كل اشكال الظلم و الاستعباد ..
Happy Newroz and New year to all Kurds friends of Kurds and Supporters of Kurds and Rojava ! Biji Kurd and Kurdistan. Biji all those who celebrate this important Day.
Cejna Newrozê li hemû cîhanê û bi teybetî li gelê Kurd pîroz bê!
Bi hêviya saleka bê êş û zordarî. Bila agirê Newrozê li her derî geş bibê ku germiya wê li seranserê cîhanê Kurdên welatparêz û Kurdistaniyan himbêz bikê.
Newroz nîşana serhildan, berxwedan, hêvî û serxwebûnê ye!
Bijî Newroz!
Bijî Kurd û Kurdistan!
Thanks for your visit
There is nothing harder than to
Your Homeland Dies while you are alive
The Kurds are seen as the world's largest ethnic group without an official homeland.
هەواڵێکی دڵتەزێن. کوشتنی ئەم کچە پێشمەرگەیە، تاوانێکە لە کورد و لە کوردستان کراوە. کوشتنی دیلی شەڕ، تاوانێکە لە هەموو مرۆڤایەتی دەکرێت. ئەشێ ئەم تاوانە گەورەیە بکەین بە کێشەیەکی جیهانی و وڵاتی تورکییە وەک تاوانبارێکی نێودەوڵەتی سکاڵای لە سەر بکرێت
Many people are aware of the Kurdish crisis in Syria but many do not know the Kurds.
The people have demonstrated all around the world, Stop Turkey's invasion of ROJAVA!!!
نرجو من جميع الوطنيين الكرد وكل من يهمهم ٲمر الشمال السوري وجميع الشرفاء ٲصحاب الضمير الحي ٲن ينشروا هذا المنشور على صفحاتهم وكل المواقع حتى يصل صوتنا ومطلبنا ٳلى الأمم المتحدة وكل المنظمات الدولية لحقوق الإنسان.
Appeal to the United Nations We, the people of Rojava, call for international troops on the border line between us and the Turkish occupation instead of mercenaries and terrorists.
نداء إلى الأمم المتحدة نحن أهالي روج آڤا نطالب بقوات دولية في الخط الحدودي بيننا و بين الاحتلال التركي بدلاً عن المرتزقة والإرهابين.
We demand international protection
نحن نطالب بالحماية الدولية.
No one said that the US should stay in the Middle East forever, all the Kurds wanted was to create peace in Northern Syria (Rojava) which they've achieved to create. The Kurds are one of the most trusted allies of the United States, they fought together, they died together, all these honorable men and women who gave up their lives to defend humanity from the hands of Isis, it's just incredible, but then to abandon them to allow Turkey to commit ethnic cleansing on the Kurdish people, with use of chemical weapons, is such a betrayal. The Kurds saved the world from Isis, now the world must save the Kurds from Turkey! the Kurdish freedom fighters deserve much better...
"If we abandon the Kurds, Nobody will help us in the future" Lindsey Graham
Many people are aware of the Kurdish crisis in Syria but many do not know the Kurds.
The people have demonstrated all around the world, Stop Turkey's invasion of ROJAVA!!!
نرجو من جميع الوطنيين الكرد وكل من يهمهم ٲمر الشمال السوري وجميع الشرفاء ٲصحاب الضمير الحي ٲن ينشروا هذا المنشور على صفحاتهم وكل المواقع حتى يصل صوتنا ومطلبنا ٳلى الأمم المتحدة وكل المنظمات الدولية لحقوق الإنسان.
Appeal to the United Nations We, the people of Rojava, call for international troops on the border line between us and the Turkish occupation instead of mercenaries and terrorists.
نداء إلى الأمم المتحدة نحن أهالي روج آڤا نطالب بقوات دولية في الخط الحدودي بيننا و بين الاحتلال التركي بدلاً عن المرتزقة والإرهابين.
We demand international protection
نحن نطالب بالحماية الدولية.
Many people are aware of the Kurdish crisis in Syria but many do not know the Kurds.
The people have demonstrated all around the world, Stop Turkey's invasion of ROJAVA!!!
نرجو من جميع الوطنيين الكرد وكل من يهمهم ٲمر الشمال السوري وجميع الشرفاء ٲصحاب الضمير الحي ٲن ينشروا هذا المنشور على صفحاتهم وكل المواقع حتى يصل صوتنا ومطلبنا ٳلى الأمم المتحدة وكل المنظمات الدولية لحقوق الإنسان.
Appeal to the United Nations We, the people of Rojava, call for international troops on the border line between us and the Turkish occupation instead of mercenaries and terrorists.
نداء إلى الأمم المتحدة نحن أهالي روج آڤا نطالب بقوات دولية في الخط الحدودي بيننا و بين الاحتلال التركي بدلاً عن المرتزقة والإرهابين.
We demand international protection
نحن نطالب بالحماية الدولية.
The people have demonstrated all around the world, Stop Turkey's invasion of ROJAVA!!!
نرجو من جميع الوطنيين الكرد وكل من يهمهم ٲمر الشمال السوري وجميع الشرفاء ٲصحاب الضمير الحي ٲن ينشروا هذا المنشور على صفحاتهم وكل المواقع حتى يصل صوتنا ومطلبنا ٳلى الأمم المتحدة وكل المنظمات الدولية لحقوق الإنسان.
Appeal to the United Nations We, the people of Rojava, call for international troops on the border line between us and the Turkish occupation instead of mercenaries and terrorists.
نداء إلى الأمم المتحدة نحن أهالي روج آڤا نطالب بقوات دولية في الخط الحدودي بيننا و بين الاحتلال التركي بدلاً عن المرتزقة والإرهابين.
We demand international protection
نحن نطالب بالحماية الدولية.
We must help our women - we as women must defend them ! Be the voice of this Women !
the Armenian Genocide and condemning Turkey's "campaign of genocide against Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Syriacs, Arameans,kurd. Maronites, and other Christians..."
When the word is not enough
خودايا ئەم زولمە قەبول مەكە!
لە دڵ و زمان جوانتر نیە کە پاك دەبن..
لە و دووانە پیستر نییە کە خراپ دەبن!!
"لوقمانی حەکیم "
There is nothing harder than to
Your Homeland Dies while you are alive
The Kurds are seen as the world's largest ethnic group without an official homeland.
Erbil is marking the 28th anniversary of the city’s uprising with a 10-day long festival.
The ‘Azadi [freedom] and Newroz [New Year]’ festival kicked off in front of Erbil citadel on Monday with music and dancing.
“It’s joy and happiness. These events are getting better every year. Thanks to God that the crises are ending and the people will have better life,” said singer Arab Osman of the event.
The wave of uprisings against the Baathist regime of Saddam Hussein started in Raniya on March 5, 1991, spreading to Sulaimani on March 7, Erbil on the 11th, Duhok on the 14th, and culminating in Kirkuk on the 21st, coinciding with the Newroz festival...
بەرەو نەورۆزی هیوا و هەستانەوەی رۆژهەڵات.
Berew newrozî hîwa û hestanewey rojhellat.
NEWROZA WE PÎROZ BE!
Happy Newroz, Kurdish New Year, but also for all other Iranian peoples (Persians, Afghans, Tajiks ...), Newroz celebrates the Spring, the Rebirth of Life and Nature, and for Kurds it symbolizes the Freedom, in fact according to the kurdish legend, Kawa the Blacksmith killed the evil king Zohak and freed from tyranny all peoples of the empire. That's why Newroz is also the National Kurdish Day.
نوروزتان پیرۆز بێت Newroz we pîroz be ! Happy Newroz
("thank you very much for your visit ")
"I'll follow back and thanks for liking/commenting."
amazing place and keep sharing !
You can to add to any group. I would appreciate if you could share this.
K U R D I S T A N - 💛❤💚كوردستان💋
NEWROZA WE PÎROZ BE!
50 million occupied Kurds across 4 regions
The Struggle for Freedom: Justice for the Kurds
We want Freedom for Kurdistan.
Just reminder for my people, never forget they kill us just because we’re the Kurds we have our own culture tradition heritage history and path which are different from theirs , don’t forget don’t forgive, we are the origin people of this land they’re just invaders
Peshmarge Message
We were fighting against terror to protect humanity
kurdistan, Kurdish struggle for Peace, Freedom . Democracy
Thanks for your visit
kurdish & proud ❤️️💛💚
بۆ پاراستنی کوردستان ببێتە فەرهەنگی هەموومان
وەک کێو .. لە ناو دڵی میللەتەکەت
وەک کێو .. بەرامبەر دوژمنانی میللەتەکەت
بــە کـــەرکـــوکــدا زانــیــم،
خـــیـــانـــەت ، چـــی لـــە دڵــــی مـــرۆڤ دەکــــا..
خاک و نیشتیمان وەکو دایک وایە
ئەوەی خاک و نیشتیمانەکەی بفروشیت
وەک ئەوە وایە دایکی خوی فروشتووە
بۆمن هەموورۆژێک نەورۆزە چونکەئاگرێک لە دلمە ...
Agirê Newrozê nîşana serkeftin û bi dawî anîna zordarî û bidestiyê ye.
Nowruz, in peace, brotherly and festivities must be celebration, love for all humanity, peace freedom and brotherhood friendship. Nowruz over neurosis happy eid to all everyone greetings and love,,--------------------
Newroza gelê kurd , sersala 2718 k pîroz be.. her sal bi xêr û xweşî be ..
Sala nû Azadî û felat be .. ✌
نوروز مبارك .. و رأس سنة كوردية 2719 ك مجيدة
عام حرية و تحرر و خلاص من كل اشكال الظلم و الاستعباد ..
Happy Newroz and New year to all Kurds friends of Kurds and Supporters of Kurds and Rojava ! Biji Kurd and Kurdistan. Biji all those who celebrate this important Day.
Cejna Newrozê li hemû cîhanê û bi teybetî li gelê Kurd pîroz bê!
Bi hêviya saleka bê êş û zordarî. Bila agirê Newrozê li her derî geş bibê ku germiya wê li seranserê cîhanê Kurdên welatparêz û Kurdistaniyan himbêz bikê.
Newroz nîşana serhildan, berxwedan, hêvî û serxwebûnê ye!
Bijî Newroz!
Bijî Kurd û Kurdistan!
Thanks for your visit
Erbil is marking the 28th anniversary of the city’s uprising with a 10-day long festival.
The ‘Azadi [freedom] and Newroz [New Year]’ festival kicked off in front of Erbil citadel on Monday with music and dancing.
“It’s joy and happiness. These events are getting better every year. Thanks to God that the crises are ending and the people will have better life,” said singer Arab Osman of the event.
The wave of uprisings against the Baathist regime of Saddam Hussein started in Raniya on March 5, 1991, spreading to Sulaimani on March 7, Erbil on the 11th, Duhok on the 14th, and culminating in Kirkuk on the 21st, coinciding with the Newroz festival...
بەرەو نەورۆزی هیوا و هەستانەوەی رۆژهەڵات.
Berew newrozî hîwa û hestanewey rojhellat.
NEWROZA WE PÎROZ BE!
Happy Newroz, Kurdish New Year, but also for all other Iranian peoples (Persians, Afghans, Tajiks ...), Newroz celebrates the Spring, the Rebirth of Life and Nature, and for Kurds it symbolizes the Freedom, in fact according to the kurdish legend, Kawa the Blacksmith killed the evil king Zohak and freed from tyranny all peoples of the empire. That's why Newroz is also the National Kurdish Day.
نوروزتان پیرۆز بێت Newroz we pîroz be ! Happy Newroz
("thank you very much for your visit ")
"I'll follow back and thanks for liking/commenting."
amazing place and keep sharing !
You can to add to any group. I would appreciate if you could share this.
K U R D I S T A N - 💛❤💚كوردستان💋
NEWROZA WE PÎROZ BE!
50 million occupied Kurds across 4 regions
The Struggle for Freedom: Justice for the Kurds
We want Freedom for Kurdistan.
Just reminder for my people, never forget they kill us just because we’re the Kurds we have our own culture tradition heritage history and path which are different from theirs , don’t forget don’t forgive, we are the origin people of this land they’re just invaders
Peshmarge Message
We were fighting against terror to protect humanity
kurdistan, Kurdish struggle for Peace, Freedom . Democracy
Thanks for your visit
kurdish & proud ❤️️💛💚
بۆ پاراستنی کوردستان ببێتە فەرهەنگی هەموومان
وەک کێو .. لە ناو دڵی میللەتەکەت
وەک کێو .. بەرامبەر دوژمنانی میللەتەکەت
بــە کـــەرکـــوکــدا زانــیــم،
خـــیـــانـــەت ، چـــی لـــە دڵــــی مـــرۆڤ دەکــــا..
خاک و نیشتیمان وەکو دایک وایە
ئەوەی خاک و نیشتیمانەکەی بفروشیت
وەک ئەوە وایە دایکی خوی فروشتووە
بۆمن هەموورۆژێک نەورۆزە چونکەئاگرێک لە دلمە ...
Agirê Newrozê nîşana serkeftin û bi dawî anîna zordarî û bidestiyê ye.
Nowruz, in peace, brotherly and festivities must be celebration, love for all humanity, peace freedom and brotherhood friendship. Nowruz over neurosis happy eid to all everyone greetings and love,,--------------------
Newroza gelê kurd , sersala 2718 k pîroz be.. her sal bi xêr û xweşî be ..
Sala nû Azadî û felat be .. ✌
نوروز مبارك .. و رأس سنة كوردية 2719 ك مجيدة
عام حرية و تحرر و خلاص من كل اشكال الظلم و الاستعباد ..
Happy Newroz and New year to all Kurds friends of Kurds and Supporters of Kurds and Rojava ! Biji Kurd and Kurdistan. Biji all those who celebrate this important Day.
Cejna Newrozê li hemû cîhanê û bi teybetî li gelê Kurd pîroz bê!
Bi hêviya saleka bê êş û zordarî. Bila agirê Newrozê li her derî geş bibê ku germiya wê li seranserê cîhanê Kurdên welatparêz û Kurdistaniyan himbêz bikê.
Newroz nîşana serhildan, berxwedan, hêvî û serxwebûnê ye!
Bijî Newroz!
Bijî Kurd û Kurdistan!
Thanks for your visit
There is nothing harder than to
Your Homeland Dies while you are alive
The Kurds are seen as the world's largest ethnic group without an official homeland.
There is nothing harder than to
Your Homeland Dies while you are alive
The Kurds are seen as the world's largest ethnic group without an official homeland.
There is nothing harder than to
Your Homeland Dies while you are alive
The Kurds are seen as the world's largest ethnic group without an official homeland.
One day, we will say ;
It wasn't easy
... but we did it...
Neteweya Kurd bi yek deng, yek dil û yek armanc Kobanî parast û ji destê dagirker û dirindeyên tirk û daiş rizgar kir. Jiber ku ew roja namûsê û şerefê bû. Îro jî heman roj e. Neteweya Kurd dê dîsa bi yek dil, yek deng û yek armancê Rojavayê Welatê xwe biparêze û dij tirk û dirindeyan bi ser keve. Jiber ku Kurdbûn şerefa herî mezin e.
will live forever in our hearts and in our struggle!
The Kurds are seen as the world's largest ethnic group without an official homeland.
#Şervanên # Welatparêz ✌️❤️✌️
Kurdish Peshmarga at the war against ISIS
Peshmarge Message
We were fighting against terror to protect humanity
To Mr. Trump,
Iranian-backed militias in Iraq need tough sanctions as well just like their funder IRAN. USA should enforce Iraq to arrest those militias leaders that used the American weapons against the Kurds and killed many in the city of Kirkuk and the other disputed areas …
Thanks for your visit
Secular Democracy & Human Rights For IRAN
#Iran is world's biggest state sponsor of #terrorism.
kurdistan, Kurdish struggle for Peace, Freedom . Democracy
There is nothing harder than to
Your Homeland Dies while you are alive
The Kurds are seen as the world's largest ethnic group without an official homeland.
The people have demonstrated all around the world, Stop Turkey's invasion of ROJAVA!!!
نرجو من جميع الوطنيين الكرد وكل من يهمهم ٲمر الشمال السوري وجميع الشرفاء ٲصحاب الضمير الحي ٲن ينشروا هذا المنشور على صفحاتهم وكل المواقع حتى يصل صوتنا ومطلبنا ٳلى الأمم المتحدة وكل المنظمات الدولية لحقوق الإنسان.
Appeal to the United Nations We, the people of Rojava, call for international troops on the border line between us and the Turkish occupation instead of mercenaries and terrorists.
نداء إلى الأمم المتحدة نحن أهالي روج آڤا نطالب بقوات دولية في الخط الحدودي بيننا و بين الاحتلال التركي بدلاً عن المرتزقة والإرهابين.
We demand international protection
نحن نطالب بالحماية الدولية.
dont fund Genocide or Ethnic cleansing Boycott turkey and all Turkish Products please share so friends and family can support Kurdish cause .
the Armenian Genocide and condemning Turkey's "campaign of genocide against Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Syriacs, Arameans,kurd. Maronites, and other Christians..."🔞
Yesterday, demonstration in front of the Turkish embassy in Tel Aviv and then just going through town. Help the Kurds!
'Please stop this war': A Kurdish child's message to the world ....stop kurdish genocide 💛 K U R D I S T A N Northern Syria
to all My friends Kurds and from other nationalities please sign this petition as a support for Kurds. Plz share this with all your contacts. Don’t forgot to confirm your signature by the mail you got into your inbox. 🙏
petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/kurdish-people-defended...
did you know? the only tangible, actual hands on proof that exist's to this day... Proving Hitler not only knew of the Holocaust but planned it! Is a treaty he signed with the Turk's clearly stating these homicidal intentions and asking the Turks for their help and support in murdering Jews.
The people have demonstrated all around the world, Stop Turkey's invasion of ROJAVA!!!
نرجو من جميع الوطنيين الكرد وكل من يهمهم ٲمر الشمال السوري وجميع الشرفاء ٲصحاب الضمير الحي ٲن ينشروا هذا المنشور على صفحاتهم وكل المواقع حتى يصل صوتنا ومطلبنا ٳلى الأمم المتحدة وكل المنظمات الدولية لحقوق الإنسان.
Appeal to the United Nations We, the people of Rojava, call for international troops on the border line between us and the Turkish occupation instead of mercenaries and terrorists.
نداء إلى الأمم المتحدة نحن أهالي روج آڤا نطالب بقوات دولية في الخط الحدودي بيننا و بين الاحتلال التركي بدلاً عن المرتزقة والإرهابين.
We demand international protection
نحن نطالب بالحماية الدولية.
🔞
the Armenian Genocide and condemning Turkey's "campaign of genocide against Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Syriacs, Arameans,kurd. Maronites, and other Christians..."🔞
stop kurdish genocide
'Please stop this war': A Kurdish child's message to the world ....stop kurdish genocide 💛 K U R D I S T A N Northern Syria
When the word is not enough , There is no power but God
Turkish army uses prohibited arms in northern Syria
يستخدم الجيش التركي الأسلحة المحظورة دوليا في شمال سوريا
This is exactly how you step in your friends back from behind. This will be a big crime toward 40 million people. A crime against humanity and a favor to terrorism to grow again . But who cares as long you the powerful countries gain economic interests from this region. To hell! all of you
Many people are aware of the Kurdish crisis in Syria but many do not know the Kurds.
The people have demonstrated all around the world, Stop Turkey's invasion of ROJAVA!!!
نرجو من جميع الوطنيين الكرد وكل من يهمهم ٲمر الشمال السوري وجميع الشرفاء ٲصحاب الضمير الحي ٲن ينشروا هذا المنشور على صفحاتهم وكل المواقع حتى يصل صوتنا ومطلبنا ٳلى الأمم المتحدة وكل المنظمات الدولية لحقوق الإنسان.
Appeal to the United Nations We, the people of Rojava, call for international troops on the border line between us and the Turkish occupation instead of mercenaries and terrorists.
نداء إلى الأمم المتحدة نحن أهالي روج آڤا نطالب بقوات دولية في الخط الحدودي بيننا و بين الاحتلال التركي بدلاً عن المرتزقة والإرهابين.
We demand international protection
نحن نطالب بالحماية الدولية.
Many people are aware of the Kurdish crisis in Syria but many do not know the Kurds.
The people have demonstrated all around the world, Stop Turkey's invasion of ROJAVA!!!
نرجو من جميع الوطنيين الكرد وكل من يهمهم ٲمر الشمال السوري وجميع الشرفاء ٲصحاب الضمير الحي ٲن ينشروا هذا المنشور على صفحاتهم وكل المواقع حتى يصل صوتنا ومطلبنا ٳلى الأمم المتحدة وكل المنظمات الدولية لحقوق الإنسان.
Appeal to the United Nations We, the people of Rojava, call for international troops on the border line between us and the Turkish occupation instead of mercenaries and terrorists.
نداء إلى الأمم المتحدة نحن أهالي روج آڤا نطالب بقوات دولية في الخط الحدودي بيننا و بين الاحتلال التركي بدلاً عن المرتزقة والإرهابين.
We demand international protection
نحن نطالب بالحماية الدولية.
The people have demonstrated all around the world, Stop Turkey's invasion of ROJAVA!!!
نرجو من جميع الوطنيين الكرد وكل من يهمهم ٲمر الشمال السوري وجميع الشرفاء ٲصحاب الضمير الحي ٲن ينشروا هذا المنشور على صفحاتهم وكل المواقع حتى يصل صوتنا ومطلبنا ٳلى الأمم المتحدة وكل المنظمات الدولية لحقوق الإنسان.
Appeal to the United Nations We, the people of Rojava, call for international troops on the border line between us and the Turkish occupation instead of mercenaries and terrorists.
نداء إلى الأمم المتحدة نحن أهالي روج آڤا نطالب بقوات دولية في الخط الحدودي بيننا و بين الاحتلال التركي بدلاً عن المرتزقة والإرهابين.
We demand international protection
نحن نطالب بالحماية الدولية.
the Armenian Genocide and condemning Turkey's "campaign of genocide against Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Syriacs, Arameans,kurd. Maronites, and other Christians..."
There is nothing harder than to
Your Homeland Dies while you are alive
The Kurds are seen as the world's largest ethnic group without an official homeland.
Many people are aware of the Kurdish crisis in Syria but many do not know the Kurds.
The people have demonstrated all around the world, Stop Turkey's invasion of ROJAVA!!!
نرجو من جميع الوطنيين الكرد وكل من يهمهم ٲمر الشمال السوري وجميع الشرفاء ٲصحاب الضمير الحي ٲن ينشروا هذا المنشور على صفحاتهم وكل المواقع حتى يصل صوتنا ومطلبنا ٳلى الأمم المتحدة وكل المنظمات الدولية لحقوق الإنسان.
Appeal to the United Nations We, the people of Rojava, call for international troops on the border line between us and the Turkish occupation instead of mercenaries and terrorists.
نداء إلى الأمم المتحدة نحن أهالي روج آڤا نطالب بقوات دولية في الخط الحدودي بيننا و بين الاحتلال التركي بدلاً عن المرتزقة والإرهابين.
We demand international protection
نحن نطالب بالحماية الدولية.
Erbil is marking the 28th anniversary of the city’s uprising with a 10-day long festival.
The ‘Azadi [freedom] and Newroz [New Year]’ festival kicked off in front of Erbil citadel on Monday with music and dancing.
“It’s joy and happiness. These events are getting better every year. Thanks to God that the crises are ending and the people will have better life,” said singer Arab Osman of the event.
The wave of uprisings against the Baathist regime of Saddam Hussein started in Raniya on March 5, 1991, spreading to Sulaimani on March 7, Erbil on the 11th, Duhok on the 14th, and culminating in Kirkuk on the 21st, coinciding with the Newroz festival...
بەرەو نەورۆزی هیوا و هەستانەوەی رۆژهەڵات.
Berew newrozî hîwa û hestanewey rojhellat.
NEWROZA WE PÎROZ BE!
Happy Newroz, Kurdish New Year, but also for all other Iranian peoples (Persians, Afghans, Tajiks ...), Newroz celebrates the Spring, the Rebirth of Life and Nature, and for Kurds it symbolizes the Freedom, in fact according to the kurdish legend, Kawa the Blacksmith killed the evil king Zohak and freed from tyranny all peoples of the empire. That's why Newroz is also the National Kurdish Day.
نوروزتان پیرۆز بێت Newroz we pîroz be ! Happy Newroz
("thank you very much for your visit ")
"I'll follow back and thanks for liking/commenting."
amazing place and keep sharing !
You can to add to any group. I would appreciate if you could share this.
K U R D I S T A N - 💛❤💚كوردستان💋
NEWROZA WE PÎROZ BE!
50 million occupied Kurds across 4 regions
The Struggle for Freedom: Justice for the Kurds
We want Freedom for Kurdistan.
Just reminder for my people, never forget they kill us just because we’re the Kurds we have our own culture tradition heritage history and path which are different from theirs , don’t forget don’t forgive, we are the origin people of this land they’re just invaders
Peshmarge Message
We were fighting against terror to protect humanity
kurdistan, Kurdish struggle for Peace, Freedom . Democracy
Thanks for your visit
kurdish & proud ❤️️💛💚
بۆ پاراستنی کوردستان ببێتە فەرهەنگی هەموومان
وەک کێو .. لە ناو دڵی میللەتەکەت
وەک کێو .. بەرامبەر دوژمنانی میللەتەکەت
بــە کـــەرکـــوکــدا زانــیــم،
خـــیـــانـــەت ، چـــی لـــە دڵــــی مـــرۆڤ دەکــــا..
خاک و نیشتیمان وەکو دایک وایە
ئەوەی خاک و نیشتیمانەکەی بفروشیت
وەک ئەوە وایە دایکی خوی فروشتووە
بۆمن هەموورۆژێک نەورۆزە چونکەئاگرێک لە دلمە ...
Agirê Newrozê nîşana serkeftin û bi dawî anîna zordarî û bidestiyê ye.
Nowruz, in peace, brotherly and festivities must be celebration, love for all humanity, peace freedom and brotherhood friendship. Nowruz over neurosis happy eid to all everyone greetings and love,,--------------------
Newroza gelê kurd , sersala 2718 k pîroz be.. her sal bi xêr û xweşî be ..
Sala nû Azadî û felat be .. ✌
نوروز مبارك .. و رأس سنة كوردية 2719 ك مجيدة
عام حرية و تحرر و خلاص من كل اشكال الظلم و الاستعباد ..
Happy Newroz and New year to all Kurds friends of Kurds and Supporters of Kurds and Rojava ! Biji Kurd and Kurdistan. Biji all those who celebrate this important Day.
Cejna Newrozê li hemû cîhanê û bi teybetî li gelê Kurd pîroz bê!
Bi hêviya saleka bê êş û zordarî. Bila agirê Newrozê li her derî geş bibê ku germiya wê li seranserê cîhanê Kurdên welatparêz û Kurdistaniyan himbêz bikê.
Newroz nîşana serhildan, berxwedan, hêvî û serxwebûnê ye!
Bijî Newroz!
Bijî Kurd û Kurdistan!
Thanks for your visit
Erbil is marking the 28th anniversary of the city’s uprising with a 10-day long festival.
The ‘Azadi [freedom] and Newroz [New Year]’ festival kicked off in front of Erbil citadel on Monday with music and dancing.
“It’s joy and happiness. These events are getting better every year. Thanks to God that the crises are ending and the people will have better life,” said singer Arab Osman of the event.
The wave of uprisings against the Baathist regime of Saddam Hussein started in Raniya on March 5, 1991, spreading to Sulaimani on March 7, Erbil on the 11th, Duhok on the 14th, and culminating in Kirkuk on the 21st, coinciding with the Newroz festival...
بەرەو نەورۆزی هیوا و هەستانەوەی رۆژهەڵات.
Berew newrozî hîwa û hestanewey rojhellat.
NEWROZA WE PÎROZ BE!
Happy Newroz, Kurdish New Year, but also for all other Iranian peoples (Persians, Afghans, Tajiks ...), Newroz celebrates the Spring, the Rebirth of Life and Nature, and for Kurds it symbolizes the Freedom, in fact according to the kurdish legend, Kawa the Blacksmith killed the evil king Zohak and freed from tyranny all peoples of the empire. That's why Newroz is also the National Kurdish Day.
نوروزتان پیرۆز بێت Newroz we pîroz be ! Happy Newroz
("thank you very much for your visit ")
"I'll follow back and thanks for liking/commenting."
amazing place and keep sharing !
You can to add to any group. I would appreciate if you could share this.
K U R D I S T A N - 💛❤💚كوردستان💋
NEWROZA WE PÎROZ BE!
50 million occupied Kurds across 4 regions
The Struggle for Freedom: Justice for the Kurds
We want Freedom for Kurdistan.
Just reminder for my people, never forget they kill us just because we’re the Kurds we have our own culture tradition heritage history and path which are different from theirs , don’t forget don’t forgive, we are the origin people of this land they’re just invaders
Peshmarge Message
We were fighting against terror to protect humanity
kurdistan, Kurdish struggle for Peace, Freedom . Democracy
Thanks for your visit
kurdish & proud ❤️️💛💚
بۆ پاراستنی کوردستان ببێتە فەرهەنگی هەموومان
وەک کێو .. لە ناو دڵی میللەتەکەت
وەک کێو .. بەرامبەر دوژمنانی میللەتەکەت
بــە کـــەرکـــوکــدا زانــیــم،
خـــیـــانـــەت ، چـــی لـــە دڵــــی مـــرۆڤ دەکــــا..
خاک و نیشتیمان وەکو دایک وایە
ئەوەی خاک و نیشتیمانەکەی بفروشیت
وەک ئەوە وایە دایکی خوی فروشتووە
بۆمن هەموورۆژێک نەورۆزە چونکەئاگرێک لە دلمە ...
Agirê Newrozê nîşana serkeftin û bi dawî anîna zordarî û bidestiyê ye.
Nowruz, in peace, brotherly and festivities must be celebration, love for all humanity, peace freedom and brotherhood friendship. Nowruz over neurosis happy eid to all everyone greetings and love,,--------------------
Newroza gelê kurd , sersala 2718 k pîroz be.. her sal bi xêr û xweşî be ..
Sala nû Azadî û felat be .. ✌
نوروز مبارك .. و رأس سنة كوردية 2719 ك مجيدة
عام حرية و تحرر و خلاص من كل اشكال الظلم و الاستعباد ..
Happy Newroz and New year to all Kurds friends of Kurds and Supporters of Kurds and Rojava ! Biji Kurd and Kurdistan. Biji all those who celebrate this important Day.
Cejna Newrozê li hemû cîhanê û bi teybetî li gelê Kurd pîroz bê!
Bi hêviya saleka bê êş û zordarî. Bila agirê Newrozê li her derî geş bibê ku germiya wê li seranserê cîhanê Kurdên welatparêz û Kurdistaniyan himbêz bikê.
Newroz nîşana serhildan, berxwedan, hêvî û serxwebûnê ye!
Bijî Newroz!
Bijî Kurd û Kurdistan!
Thanks for your visit
Many people are aware of the Kurdish crisis in Syria but many do not know the Kurds.
The people have demonstrated all around the world, Stop Turkey's invasion of ROJAVA!!!
نرجو من جميع الوطنيين الكرد وكل من يهمهم ٲمر الشمال السوري وجميع الشرفاء ٲصحاب الضمير الحي ٲن ينشروا هذا المنشور على صفحاتهم وكل المواقع حتى يصل صوتنا ومطلبنا ٳلى الأمم المتحدة وكل المنظمات الدولية لحقوق الإنسان.
Appeal to the United Nations We, the people of Rojava, call for international troops on the border line between us and the Turkish occupation instead of mercenaries and terrorists.
نداء إلى الأمم المتحدة نحن أهالي روج آڤا نطالب بقوات دولية في الخط الحدودي بيننا و بين الاحتلال التركي بدلاً عن المرتزقة والإرهابين.
We demand international protection
نحن نطالب بالحماية الدولية.
No one said that the US should stay in the Middle East forever, all the Kurds wanted was to create peace in Northern Syria (Rojava) which they've achieved to create. The Kurds are one of the most trusted allies of the United States, they fought together, they died together, all these honorable men and women who gave up their lives to defend humanity from the hands of Isis, it's just incredible, but then to abandon them to allow Turkey to commit ethnic cleansing on the Kurdish people, with use of chemical weapons, is such a betrayal. The Kurds saved the world from Isis, now the world must save the Kurds from Turkey! the Kurdish freedom fighters deserve much better...
"If we abandon the Kurds, Nobody will help us in the future" Lindsey Graham
Many people are aware of the Kurdish crisis in Syria but many do not know the Kurds.
The people have demonstrated all around the world, Stop Turkey's invasion of ROJAVA!!!
نرجو من جميع الوطنيين الكرد وكل من يهمهم ٲمر الشمال السوري وجميع الشرفاء ٲصحاب الضمير الحي ٲن ينشروا هذا المنشور على صفحاتهم وكل المواقع حتى يصل صوتنا ومطلبنا ٳلى الأمم المتحدة وكل المنظمات الدولية لحقوق الإنسان.
Appeal to the United Nations We, the people of Rojava, call for international troops on the border line between us and the Turkish occupation instead of mercenaries and terrorists.
نداء إلى الأمم المتحدة نحن أهالي روج آڤا نطالب بقوات دولية في الخط الحدودي بيننا و بين الاحتلال التركي بدلاً عن المرتزقة والإرهابين.
We demand international protection
نحن نطالب بالحماية الدولية.