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Messier 1 - The Crab Nebula in Taurus
Credit: Giuseppe Donatiello
J2000.0 RA 05h 34m 31.94s Dec +22° 00′ 52.2″
The Crab Nebula (M1, NGC 1952, Taurus A) is a supernova remnant and pulsar wind nebula in Taurus. Corresponding to a bright supernova recorded in 1054.
At the center of the nebula lies the Crab Pulsar, a neutron star 28–30 kilometres (17–19 mi) across with a spin rate of 30.2 times per second, which emits pulses of radiation from gamma rays to radio waves.
The Crab Nebula is the only supernova remnant in the Messier catalog. Because of its proximity, its young age, and the interesting astrophysics related to it, M 1 is regarded as the most-studied deepsky object in the Galaxy.
M 1 measures about 10 light-years in diameter. The nebula consists of about fi ve solar masses, and its absolute magnitude is –3, corresponding to about a thousand solar luminosities. In visual light, two components of nebular emission can be distinguished by spectroscopy.
One shines in the green and red light of the [OIII] and H emission lines of the filaments. It represents the former outer layers of the progenitor star, which have been expelled at high speed in the supernova event of 1054 and are now colliding with the surrounding interstellar medium. The gas is heated in shock fronts and forms today’s fi lamentary emission nebula. The other, blue component shows a continuous spectrum and is highly polarized. Here we have synchrotron radiation, found on Earth only when generated by large particle accelerators. It is caused by accelerated electrons in a strong magnetic fi eld. Hence, M 1 can be regarded as the best extraterrestrial laboratory for the observation of this type of emission, which is detectable from the radio to the X-ray range of the electromagnetic spectrum. This was first recognized by Shklovsky in 1953.
M 1 can be studied throughout the electromagnetic spectrum: in 1948, strong radio emission was found, and X-rays were detected in 1964. Hence, the Crab Nebula has additional designations as the Taurus A or 3C 144 radio source and as Tau X-1. Its radiated X-ray fl ux exceeds its optical fl ux by more than a hundredfold, and the total energy output has been quoted as 5×1011 joules per second.
The collapsed core of the star that caused the supernova is still present in the center of the nebula. In its intense magnetic field, charged particles get accelerated near the field poles and emit collimated radiation along the magnetic fi eld axis, which is tilted with respect to the rotation axis of the rapidly spinning neutron star. As Earth happens to be in the right direction to be hit by one of these sweeping radiation beams, a sharp pulse is observed every revolution, and hence this type of neutron star is called a “pulsar.”
The M 1 pulsar measures only 10 km in diameter but has an absolute magnitude of +4.5, slightly brighter than the Sun. A cubic centimeter of its matter would weigh a thousand million tons – so much has it been compressed in the gravitational collapse of the supernova! The pulsar in M 1 was the fi rst of its kind for which an optical counterpart was found. This 16th-magnitude star, registered as CM Tauri, sends pulses of light with the same period as the radio pulses, 33.085 milliseconds. This makes it a valuable object for scientific study, as very few other optical pulsars are yet known.
Modern X-ray observations and high resolution images from the Hubble Space Telescope show rings of highly energetic particles around the pulsar of M 1, at distances of 0.1 to 1 light-year, and jets emerging perpendicular to the ring plane. Fine structure resolved by Hubble in 1995 includes a knot of emission only 1500 AU from the pulsar, which has been interpreted as a shock in the jet – a region where material piles up as the jet meets the surrounding nebula. Image sequences revealed its outward velocity as half the speed of light! The jets stop at a halo of blue light with 80'' radius, which shows delayed brightness fl uctuations, refl ecting the arrival of bright knots.
The supernova’s progenitor star has been estimated to have had 8–13 solar masses. The supernova event released 400 thousand million solar luminosities, leaving the debris of the star expanding with velocities of up to 2500 km/s, while the blue halo expands with 1160 km/s. This expansion and the energy losses of the pulsar lead to a decrease of the synchrotron radiation by 0.5% per year, as shown by Smith (2003). At the same time, the expansion velocity seems to increase: present expansion rates would suggest an explosion time of 1130, more recent by 76 years. This effect is caused by the hot stellar wind that pumps additional kinetic energy into the expanding nebula.
The Ranger is a reconnaissance vehicle used during the Endurance mission in the spectacular film Interstellar. They are used for transporting the astronauts to Dr Miller's water planet and to Dr Mann's ice planet. Both Rangers in the movie are later destroyed, one in a failed docking attempt by the traitorous Dr Mann, and the other is sucked into the black hole Gargantua.
Hey guys! I'm happy to present my latest model, a near minifig-scale build of the Ranger spacecraft from the 2014 film Interstellar. This is one of my favorite builds I've done since joining Flickr, even though getting the shape and paneling correct was very difficult at times. The vehicle itself is very cool and feels surprisingly real, it's definitely one of the best things about the movie.
If you can, please check out these other angles and shots on my Flickr page!
Main Shot:
www.flickr.com/photos/190466187@N03/51323844405/in/datepo...
Detail Shots:
www.flickr.com/photos/190466187@N03/51323561554/in/datepo...
Wave bearing down on the Ranger:
www.flickr.com/photos/190466187@N03/51320638026/in/photos...
As always, thanks for checking out my MOC, I hope you enjoy it as much as I do!
The Milky Way Rises into the night sky at Bodie Island Lighthouse in the Cape Hatteras National Seashore.
I was so glad that I was able to see this movie in theaters the day after it came out. It instantly became my favorite movie, and I decided that I wanted to make a Ranger. However, after seeing all the amazing Rangers that others have built, I kind of lost interest for awhile.
It wasn't until the digital release that I decided to try. It's taken me since March to complete this, and I nearly gave up multiple times, but I really wanted a Ranger model in my collection, so I kept with it. Here are the end results. It does have some interior detailing, which was actually easier to do than the exterior. Sadly, I don't have to many Computer panel pieces, so it doesn't have a lot of screens like it does in the movie. Also, one last bit. I tried to scale this based on how big the Endurance is (There is an infographic that shows how big the Endurance -With Rangers- is compared to the U.S. Space Shuttle.) I used that to try and get a rough size for my Ranger model, and while it looks a little large when compared to minifigures, I am quite happy with the results.
Turns out my new photo setup takes amazing black background pictures. May have to build more white spaceships.
The interstellar medium fills the ‘empty’ space between the stars in our galaxy. It is a mix of molecular clouds, cold and warm gases, regions of electrically charged hydrogen, and more.
Molecular clouds are the densest part of the interstellar medium, holding most of its mass in the form of hydrogen gas. ESA’s Herschel space observatory has revealed that many are built around filaments, with dense threads snaking throughout each cloud. These filaments potentially transport material, and, when massive enough, are known to form new stars.
This Herschel image shows the Serpens Core, the heart of a giant molecular cloud. The Core is the bright clump towards the upper right, with a more diffuse secondary cluster, named Ser G3-G6, shown at the bottom right. Also visible as a faint yellow glow towards the upper left of the frame is a region known as LDN 583 that shines brightly in the far-infrared.
Giant molecular clouds contain up to 10 million times the mass of the Sun, and can stretch for hundreds of light-years. Compared to the rest of space they are dense, holding up to a thousand atoms per cubic centimetre – and even more in star-forming regions. However, these properties are relative: even at their densest, these clouds are more than 10 times emptier than the best laboratory vacuums we can produce on Earth.
These giant clouds are complex formations, most often made up of filaments mixed with clumpy and irregular folds, sheets and bubble-like structures. A typical spiral galaxy like the Milky Way can contain thousands of them, accompanied by many of their smaller relatives.
Serpens is an ideal target for scientists wanting to know more about giant molecular clouds, because it lies just 1400 light-years from us. Scientists compared Herschel’s observations of this cloud to a state-of-the-art simulation to find out more about the cloud’s properties, and to test the accuracy of their model.
They discovered a radial network of filaments stretching throughout the Serpens Core, filaments that are predicted to break and fragment to form the cores of new stars. These filaments resemble the spokes of a wheel, with the Core forming the hub.
This three-colour image is made from observations with Herschel’s PACS camera (blue and green) and SPIRE camera (red). The size of the region shown is 1.7x1.9º on the sky, where 1º corresponds to about 25 light-years.
Credit: ESA/Herschel/PACS/SPIRE/V. Roccatagliata (U. München, Germany)
On 12 October 2019, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope provided astronomers with their best look yet at an interstellar visitor — Comet 2I/Borisov — which is believed to have arrived here from another planetary system elsewhere in our galaxy.
This observation is the sharpest view ever of the interstellar comet. Hubble reveals a central concentration of dust around the solid icy nucleus.
Comet 2I/Borisov is only the second such interstellar object known to have passed through our Solar System. In 2017, the first identified interstellar visitor, an object dubbed ‘Oumuamua, swung within 38 million kilometres of the Sun before racing out of the Solar System.
Credits: NASA, ESA, D. Jewitt (UCLA); CC BY 4.0
Taken in Federation Square, Melbourne, Australia
This is what happens when the sun is at the right angle. I love the metallic texture of this wall and I have been trying to take a good photo of it for a while. I could never get something good until this day when the sun is at the right angle. It's a little hard to tell but the wall is not flat, hence the peculiar light.
It's called Interstellar because my friend said it reminds her of Interstellar. Don't ask me why she thought that. I couldn't think of a name for this so there you go.
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insta @ron.see
She came and presented herself to us.
She’s beautiful but moving away from us.
The under currents are changing but I’m too distracted by her beauty to notice.
267/365
I've posted the complete series and it's story on Bored Panda
This is an interpretation of one of Yayoi Kusama's works displayed in Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane: 'Soul under the Moon'
Milky way and a shooting star. But what's the bright smudge close to the shooting star? Another galaxy?
Astrobin Image Of The Day 9th January 2020
Amateur Astronomy Image Of The Day 25th January 2020 AAPOD2
Published in Universo Magico 27 March 2020
EGB 4 (a nebula discovered by Ellis, Grayson, & Bond in 1984) is NOT a comet, despite it's comet-like appearance. It is an emission nebula surrounding a catacylismic binary star system called BZ Cam in the constellation of Camelopardis.
It has an unusual bow-shock structure as BZ Cam (with it's associated wind) moves through the interstellar medium, similar to the bow wave in front of a ship that is moving through water.
BZ Cam is believed to be a white dwarf star that is accreting mass from an accompanying main-sequence star of 0.3-0.4 solar masses.
It is around 2,500 light years away, and has a space velocity of 125 km/second.
I can only find one previous image of EGB 4 online, a NASA APOD from 2000, so I believe this could be the first amateur image and the first colour image.
Astrodon Blue: 15x300"
Astrodon Green: 15x300"
Astrodon Lum: 20x600"
Astrodon Red: 15x300"
Astrodon OIII: 25x1800s bin 2x2
Astrodon Ha: 56x1800s bin 2x2
Total Integration: 48 hours
Captured on my dual rig in Spain.
Scopes: APM TMB LZOS 152 (6" aperture 1200mm focal length)
Cameras: QSI6120wsg8
Mount: 10Micron GM2000 HPS
References:
apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap001128.html
THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 115:286-295, 1998 January © 1998. The American Astronomical Society.
aanda.org/articles/aa/full/2001/36/aa1385/aa1385.right.html
CROP Interstellar comet Borisov taken remotely on Jan 04 , 2020 from Tiny , Ontario Canada using big T31 PlaneWave 20 "inches - 0.51 m telescope with FLI-PL091000 CCD camera in Siding Spring Observatory in Australia. Full resolution frame 3056 x 3056 /9.3 Megapixels/,Comet brightness 16,5 mag
In the garden the only sound was the birds. Time seemed to move slowly when she was there... she moved slowly, peace washed through her... timeless. Interstellar 🌺
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Dollzone Jocelyn wearing Strega
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This is my parents garden, I go there most weekends and sometimes annoy my mother by taking a doll with me. This tree flowered so quickly, I wasn’t expecting it at all but was glad I’d brought Stellar with me last weekend. It was raining a little but she didn’t mind 🌸
The life of a planetary nebula is often chaotic, from the death of its parent star to the scattering of its contents far out into space. Captured here by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, ESO 455-10 is one such planetary nebula, located in the constellation of Scorpius (The Scorpion).
The oblate shells of ESO 455-10, previously held tightly together as layers of its central star, not only give this planetary nebula its unique appearance, but also offer information about the nebula. Seen in a field of stars, the distinct asymmetrical arc of material over the north side of the nebula is a clear sign of interactions between ESO 455-10 and the interstellar medium.
The interstellar medium is the material such as diffuse gas between star systems and galaxies. The star at the center of ESO 455-10 allows Hubble to see the interaction with the gas and dust of the nebula, the surrounding interstellar medium, and the light from the star itself. Planetary nebulae are thought to be crucial in galactic enrichment as they distribute their elements, particularly the heavier metal elements produced inside a star, into the interstellar medium which will in time form the next generation of stars.
Image credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, L. Stanghellini
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.
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One of the things I appreciated when I visited London's new Elizabeth Line is the futuristic stylings of the station architecture. It's like something from a giant spaceship. Hopefully I will get a chance to be there early one morning when there are far fewer people, so I can more easily capture the cold starkness of the tunnels and walkways.
This low-angle shot was facilitated nicely by the tilting rear LCD screen of my Fujifilm X-T2; it's not fully articulated but tilts up 90° which is perfect for this kind of shot. To frame the same composition successfully with my Canon 6D I'd have to be lying on the floor!
Interstellar
The Geminid Meteor Shower is my favorite night out haunt & yet is such a big deal breaker...You know, it falls on our marriage anniversary. Being out the entire night, alone as you might have guessed it, is a big No-No, if I want to stay happily married & yet such are the magnetic powers of these interstellar meteors, that in spite of them falling on almost the same anniversary days, every year I keep a date with "The GMS," with many electoral promises given to my better half.
Geminid meteor shower is not just one shot but a wholesome experience. I reached around sundown & after a 40 minutes hike up the steep incline with my twenty-two kgs of equipment, pitched the tent on top of the Don Hill Station, which now is reckoned as the second highest hill of Gujarat. The shooting began at twilight & lasted till three in the morning. It was one real frigidly cold & windy night with the tent promising to blow away any time but it was one awesome experience. To creak your neck up & see these frequent streaks of magical light radiate from the Gemini constellation & dash all over the sky brought a childlike exuberance. Each shooting star as otherwise called in a layman's parlance, made me cross my fingers & make me wish that I'd not skip my anniversary next year to photograph this again! B|
Wishful thinking!
Happy Anniversary Neha! :)
This photograph is a composite image of ten images taken during the whole shower.