hyperthyroid photos on Flickr

The Catholic Shrine of St Augustine of England, Ramsgate, Kent by Jelltex

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And now for some shots with the 50mm, of the details and fittings of the church. More to follow.

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Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1 March 1812 – 14 September 1852) was an English architect, designer, artist and critic, chiefly remembered for his pioneering role in the Gothic Revival style; his work culminated in the interior design of the Palace of Westminster. Pugin designed many churches in England, and some in Ireland and Australia.[1] Pugin was the son of Auguste Pugin, and the father of E.W. and Edmund Peter Paul Pugin, who continued his architectural firm as Pugin & Pugin.

Pugin was the son of a French draughtsman, Auguste Pugin, who had come to England as a result of the French Revolution and had married Catherine Welby of the Denton, Lincolnshire Welby family.[3] Augustus was born at his parents' house in Bloomsbury. Between 1821 and 1838 Pugin's father had published a series of volumes of architectural drawings, the first two entitled, Specimens of Gothic Architecture, and the following three, Examples of Gothic Architecture, that were to remain both in print and the standard references for Gothic architecture for at least the next century.

As a child he was taken each Sunday by his mother to the services of the fashionable Scottish presbyterian preacher Edward Irving (later founder of the Holy Catholic Apostolic Church), at his chapel in Cross Street, Hatton Garden.[4] He soon rebelled against this version of Christianity: according to Benjamin Ferrey, Pugin "always expressed unmitigated disgust at the cold and sterile forms of the Scotch church; and the moment he broke free from the trammels imposed on him by his mother, he rushed into the arms of a church which, pompous by its ceremonies, was attractive to his imaginative mind.

Pugin learned drawing from his father, and for a while attended Christ's Hospital. After leaving school he worked in his father's office, and in 1825 and 1827 accompanied him on visits to France.[6] His first commissions independent of his father were for designs for the goldsmiths Rundell and Bridge, and for designs for furniture at Windsor Castle, from the upholsterers Morrel and Seddon. Through a contact made while working at Windsor, he became interested in the design of theatre scenery, and in 1831 obtained a commission to design the sets for the production of a new opera called Kenilworth at Covent Garden.[7] He also developed an interest in sailing, and briefly commanded a small merchant schooner trading between Britain and Holland, which allowed him to import examples of furniture and carving from Flanders,with which he later furnished his house at Ramsgate.[8] During one voyage in 1830 he was wrecked on the Scottish coast near Leith,[9] as a result of which he came into contact with Edinburgh architect James Gillespie Graham, who advised him to abandon seafaring for architecture.[10] He then set up a business supplying historically accurate carved wood and stone details for the increasing number of buildings being constructed in the Gothic style, but the enterprise soon failed.

In 1831, aged nineteen, Pugin married the first of his three wives, Anne Garnet.[11] Anne died a few months later in childbirth, leaving him with a daughter. He had a further six children, including the architect Edward Pugin, with his second wife, Louisa Burton, who died in 1844. His third wife, Jane Knill, kept a journal of their married life together, between their marriage in 1848 and his death; it was later published.[12] Their son was Peter Paul Pugin.

Following his second marriage in 1833, Pugin moved to Salisbury with his wife,[13] and in 1835 bought half an acre of land, at Alderbury, about a mile-and-a-half outside the town, On this he built a medieval-inspired house for his family, called "St Marie's Grange".[14] Charles Locke Eastlake said of it "he had not yet learned the art of combining a picturesque exterior with the ordinary comforts of an English home".

In 1834, Pugin became a Roman Catholic convert,[16] and was received into the faith in the following year.[17] His conversion resulted in the loss of some commissions,[citation needed] but also brought him into contact with new patrons and employers. In 1832 he had made the acquaintance of John Talbot, 16th Earl of Shrewsbury, a Roman Catholic, sympathetic to his aesthetic views who employed him in alterations and additions to his residence Alton Towers, which subsequently led to many other commissions.[18] Shrewsbury commissioned him to build St. Giles' Catholic Church, Cheadle, completed in 1846, and Pugin was also responsible for designing the oldest Catholic church in Shropshire, St Peter and Paul at Newport,

n 1836, Pugin published Contrasts, a polemical book which argued for the revival of the medieval Gothic style, and also "a return to the faith and the social structures of the Middle Ages".[19] Each plate in the book selected a type of urban building and contrasted the 1830 example with its 15th-century equivalent. In one example, Pugin contrasted a medieval monastic foundation, where monks fed and clothed the needy, grew food in the gardens – and gave the dead a decent burial – with "a panopticon workhouse where the poor were beaten, half starved and sent off after death for dissection. Each structure was the built expression of a particular view of humanity: Christianity versus Utilitarianism."[19] Pugin's biographer, Rosemary Hill, wrote: "The drawings were all calculatedly unfair. King's College London was shown from an unflatteringly skewed angle, while Christ Church, Oxford, was edited to avoid showing its famous Tom Tower because that was by Christopher Wren and so not medieval. But the cumulative rhetorical force was tremendous."

In 1841 he left Salisbury,[20] finding it an inconvenient base for his growing architectural practice.[21] He sold St Marie's Grange at a considerable financial loss,[22] and moved temporarily to Cheyne Walk, Chelsea. He had however already purchased a piece of land at the West Cliff, Ramsgate, where he proceeded to build himself a large house and, at his own expense, a church on which he worked whenever funds allowed. His second wife died in 1844 and was buried at St. Chad's, Birmingham, a church which he had himself had designed.

Following the destruction by fire of the Palace of Westminster in 1834, Pugin was employed by Sir Charles Barry to supply interior designs for his entry to the architectural competition which would determine who would build the new Palace of Westminster. Pugin also supplied drawings for James Gillespie Graham's entry.[24] This followed a period of employment when Pugin had worked with Barry on the interior design of King Edward's School, Birmingham. Despite his conversion to Catholicism in 1834, Pugin designed and refurbished both Anglican and Catholic churches throughout the country.

Other works include St Chad's Cathedral, Erdington Abbey and Oscott College, all in Birmingham. He also designed the college buildings of St Patrick and St Mary in St. Patrick's College, Maynooth; though not the college chapel. His original plans included both a chapel and an aula maxima, neither of which were built because of financial constraints. The college chapel was designed by a follower of Pugin, the Irish architect J.J. McCarthy. Also in Ireland, Pugin designed St Mary's Cathedral in Killarney, St Aidan's Cathedral, Enniscorthy (renovated in 1996) and the Dominican church of the Holy Cross in Tralee. He revised the plans for St Michael's Church in Ballinasloe, Galway. Pugin was also invited by Bishop Wareing to design what eventually became Northampton Cathedral, a project that was completed in 1864 by Pugin's son Edward Welby Pugin.

Pugin visited Italy in 1847; his experience there confirmed his dislike of Renaissance and Baroque architecture, but he found much to admire in the medieval art of northern Italy.

In February 1852, while travelling with his son Edward by train, Pugin suffered a total breakdown and arrived in London unable to recognise anyone or speak coherently. For four months he was confined to a private asylum, Kensington House. In June, he was transferred to the Royal Bethlem Hospital, popularly known as Bedlam.[26] At that time, Bethlem Hospital was opposite St George's Cathedral, Southwark, one of Pugin's major buildings, where he had married his third wife, Jane, in 1848. Jane and a doctor removed Pugin from Bedlam and took him to a private house in Hammersmith where they attempted therapy, and he recovered sufficiently to recognise his wife.[26] In September, Jane took her husband back to The Grange in Ramsgate, where he died on 14 September 1852.[26]

On Pugin's death certificate, the cause listed was "convulsions followed by coma". Pugin's biographer, Rosemary Hill, suggests that, in the last year of his life, he was suffering from hyperthyroidism which would account for his symptoms of exaggerated appetite, perspiration, and restlessness. Hill writes that Pugin's medical history, including eye problems and recurrent illness from his early twenties, suggests that he contracted syphilis in his late teens, and this may have been the cause of his death at the age of 40.

In 1844, having won the architectural competition to design the new Palace of Westminster, Sir Charles Barry, asked Pugin to supply detailed designs for the interior of the new building, including stained glass, metalwork, wood carving, upholstery, furniture and a royal throne. Pugin's biographer, Rosemary Hill, shows that Barry designed the Palace as a whole, and only he could coordinate such a large project and deal with its difficult paymasters, but he relied entirely on Pugin for its Gothic interiors, wallpapers and furnishings.[28]

At the end of Pugin's life, in February 1852, Barry visited him in Ramsgate and Pugin supplied a detailed design for the iconic Palace clock tower, officially dubbed the Elizabeth Tower, but more popularly known as Big Ben. The design is very close to earlier designs by Pugin, including an unbuilt scheme for Scarisbrick Hall, Lancashire. The tower was Pugin's last design before descending into madness. In her biography, Hill quotes Pugin as writing of what is probably his best known building: "I never worked so hard in my life [as] for Mr Barry for tomorrow I render all the designs for finishing his bell tower & it is beautiful & I am the whole machinery of the clock."[29] Hill writes that Barry omitted to give any credit to Pugin for his huge contribution to the design of the new Houses of Parliament.[30] In 1867, after the deaths of both Pugin and Barry, Pugin's son Edward published a pamphlet, Who Was the Art Architect of the Houses of Parliament, a statement of facts, in which he asserted that his father was the "true" architect of the building, and not Barry.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Welby_Northmore_Pugin

This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 16, Nos. 1-6, 1922 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

2

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Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 16, Nos. 1-6, 1922

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1922-01

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

PREFACE v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Mosquito eradication.

By Commander A. H. Allen, Medical Corps, U. S. N 1

Hospital morale.

By Colonel E. L. Munson, Medical Corps, U. S. A 8

The pathologist as an essential factor in clinical diagnosis.

By Lieutenant Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, U. S. N 14

Tonsillectomy, a surgical procedure.

By Commander G. B. Trible, Medical Corps, U. S. N 17

Cholelithiasis.

By Lieutenant Commander W. A. Brums, Medical Corps, U. S. N.R. F 25

HISTORICAL :

With Anson to Juan Fernandez, Part I.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N 35

EDITORIAL:

U. S. Naval Medical Bulletin —On a correspondence course for Naval

Medical Officers —On The Danger Of Using Strong Solutions Of Phenol In The Ear 43

IN MEMORIAM:

Andrew Reginold Wentworth, 1859-1921 49

HONORS AND DISTINCTIONS 51

CLINICAL NOTES :

BRONCHO-PNEUMONIA AND BRONCHOSTENOSIS FOLLOWING APPENDECTOMY.

By Lieutenant Commander I. W. Jacobs, Medical Corps, U. S. N_ 57

Report of four surgical cases.

By Lieutenant Commander J. J. A. McMullin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 58

Chronic cholecystitis.

By Lieutenant C. S. Norburn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 63

One hundred mastoid operations.

By Lieutenant J. W. Green, Medical Corps, U. S. N 89

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :

General medicine. — Study of transfused blood.— Oral administration of

pituitary extract. —Causes and treatment of high blood pressure.—Pernicious

anemia. —Differential diagnosis between varicella and variola. — Predisposing

factor in diphtheria. —Chronic nephritis 71

Surgery. —First-aid work on shore with Royal Naval Division. — Surgery

of naval wounded in hospital yachts and small craft. —Non-surgical drainage of

the biliary tract S9 Tropical medicine. —Course of migration of ascaris larvae.

—Treatment of fluke diseases. —Laboratory observations on malaria. — Leprosy.

—Tuberculosis in Hongkong. —Feeding habits of stegomyia calopus. —Mononuclear

leucocyte count in malaria 97

Chemistry. —Experimental studies in diabetes. —Experimental studies in

diabetes. —Experiments on raw white of egg. —Antiscorbutic action of raw

potato. —Diet in hyperthyroidism. —Botulism. — Pituitary extract and histamine

in diabetes insipidus. —Protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. —Urine in pellagra.

—Acidosis in operative surgery. —Fats and Lipoids in blood after hemorrhage. —

Albumin, lymphocytic cells, and tubercle bacilli in sputum. — Nitrous oxide and

cholemia.— Lipoids in treatment of drug addiction disease.— Modification of

action of adrenaline by chloroform. — Anesthetic and convulsant effects of

gasoline vapors. —Absorption of local anesthetics through the genito-urlnary

organs. — Occult blood in the feces. —lTse of iodine for disinfecting the skin.

— Food value of various fats. —Chloride metabolism. —Urine hemolysis

coefficient. —Hemolytic substances in human urine. — Glucemia and glucosuria.

—Pharmacology of some benzyl esters.—Indican In water as an aid to hygienic

water analysis. —Relation of dextrose of blood to antipyrine. — Toxic effects

of chlorine antiseptics in

dogs. —Reaction to epiuephrin administered by rectum. — Renal

excretion. — Effect of water diuresis on the elimination of certain urinary

constituents 100

Eye, eak, nose, and throat. —Eye disease due to syphilis and trypanosomiasis

among negroes of Africa. —Lung abscess following tonsillectomy 111

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Montaigne and medicine. —Venereal prophylaxis in Pacific Fleet. —

Benzyl benzoate. — Expedition of London School of Tropical Medicine to British

Guiana. —National board of medical examiners. — Papers by naval medical

officers. —Chaulmoogra oil in tuberculosis.—An operating room 100 years ago ,

133

NURSE CORPS :

Instruction at Oteen.

By Miss E. L. Hehir, Chief Nurse, U. S. N 121

Letter From Surgeon General To Director Of Department Of Nursing,

American Red Cross 122

DIGEST OF DECISIONS 125

BOOK NOTICES 131

QUERIES 139

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION,

MOVEMENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 141

Number 2

PREFACE v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

Size of the normal heart, a teleroentgen study.

By Commander H. W. Smith and Lieutenant Commander W. A. Bloedorn,

Medical Corps, U. S. N 218 Physical development of midshipmen.

By Lieutenant E. B. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 239

Some elements of leadership.

By E. L. Munson, Colonel, Medical Corps, U. S. A 251

HISTORICAL:

With Anson to Juan Fernandez, part II.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N 265

EDITORIAL :

On the making of abstracts —on the expression of visual acuity in

medical reports 280

SUGGESTED DEVICES :

A FORM " X " CARD.

By Captain A. Farenholt, Medical Corps, U. S. N 283

CLINICAL NOTES :

Results of refraction of seventy-six midshipmen.

By Lieutenant F. A. Hughes, Medical Corps, U. S. N 285

Recurrence in a case of hydatid disease.

By Lieutenant C. S. Norburn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 288

A DIAGNOSTIC SIGN DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN ERUPTIONS CAUSED BY COWPOX

VACCINATION AND THOSE DUE TO SMALLPOX AND CHICKEN POX.

By Commander P. R. Stalnaker, Medical Corps, U. S. N 290

Report of three "hallux valgus" (bunion ) operations, using Mayo's

technique.

By Commander A. H. Robnett, Medical Corps, U. S. N 291

REPORTS :

The hospital standardization program of the American College of Surgeons.

By Commander R. C. Holcomb, Medical Corps, U. S. N 293

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES.

General Medicine. —Chronic myocarditis and its management. — Experiments

on the preservation of lemon juice and prevention of scurvy. —Scurvy : A system

of prevention for a polar expedition based on present-day knowledge. —Venous

puncture by means of steel needles.— Wassermann reaction 301

Surgery. —First aid work on shore with Royal Naval Division.— Hypertrophic

tuberculosis of the ileocecal region. —Importance of examination of patients by

the anesthetist previous to anesthesia. —Experimental and histological

investigation of rectal fistulas. —Treatment of fractures of the humerus by

suspension and traction. — Fractures of the head and neck of the radius 310

Tropical Medicine.—Oriental Sores. —Afebrile quartan malaria with

urticaria. —Three schistosomes in Natal which possibly attack man.—Cultivation

of trichomonas hominis. —Acute bacillnry dysentery. —Monilias of the

gastro-intestinal tract in relationship to sprue.—Hookworm infection in Brazil.

—Relapsing fever in Panama. —Treatment of kala-azar with some antimonial

preparations. —Human infection with Isospora hominis. —Etiology of gangosa and

its relation to papulocircinate yaws 324 Physiological Chemistry. —Ion

migration between cells and plasma. —Experimental rickets in rats. —Extraction

and concentration of vitamines. —Respiration and blood alkali during carbon

monoxide asphyxia. —Antiketogenesis. —The Effect of heat and oxidation upon

antiscorbutic vitamine.—Production of rickets by diets low in phosphorus and

fat-soluble A. vitamines. —Effect of muscular exercise upon certain common

blood constituents. — Comparative influence of green and dried plant tissue,

cabbage, orange juice, and cod liver oil on calcium assimilation. —Method for

the determination of sugar in normal urine. —Parathyroids and creatinine.

—Variations in the acid-base balance of the blood. — Thiocyanate content of the

saliva and urine in pellagra 329

Eye, ear, nose, and throat.—Use of scarlet red emulsion in atrophic

rhinitis (ozena). Accessory sinus blindness 329

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Spiders in Medicine. —Meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology

and Oto-laryngology. —Meeting of the American Dietetic Association. —Japanese

medical world. —Some submarine notes. — School of Tropical Medicine at

Calcutta. —Army method of han dling syphilis. —Prophylactic vaccination for the

prevention of pneumonia 339

NURSE CORPS 351

DIGEST OF DECISIONS 353

BOOK NOTICES 355

QUERIES 361

NOTES ON PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, PREVENTIVE MEDICINE STATISTICS, LETTERS,

ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION, MOVE MENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 363

Number 3

PREFACE v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VI

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

Revaccination Against Smallpox And A Discussion Of Immunity Following

Cowpox Vaccination.

By Lieutenant E. Peterson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 411

Some elements of leadership.

By Colonel E. L. Munson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 433

Hyperthyroidism.

By Commander T. W. Reed, Medical Corps, U. S. N 454

HISTORICAL:

The history of anesthesia in America.

By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 461

A history of blood transfusion.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N__ 465

EDITORIAL :

On education for our idle hours. On line of duty 477

SUGGESTED DEVICES :

The technique of making and staining frozen sections.

By Lieutenant Commander J. Harper, Medical Corps, U. S. N 481

CLINICAL NOTES :

Neurosyphilis.

By Lieutenant Commander H. Butts and Lieutenant W. M. Alberty, Medical

Corps, U. S. N 483

Treatment of surgical ulcers of stomach and duodenum.

By Lieutenant Commander J. J. A. McMullin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 497

Foreign body in the right lower bronchus.

By Lieutenant J. W. Green, Medical Corps, U. S. N 506

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES :

General medicine. —Treatment of gastric ulcer. —Meningococcus

infection. —Syphilis of the heart. — Standard of cure in gonorrhea. —

Provocative procedures in diagnosis of syphilis.—Intraspinal treatment of

neurosyphilis. —Dissemination of spirochseta pallida from the primary focus of

infection. —Abdominal syphilis.—Pulmonary syphilis.—Diagnosis and treatment of

early syphilis. —Reinfection and curability in syphilis. —Local and general

spirochetosis. —Use of arsphenamine in nonsyphilitic diseases.—Prophylaxis of

syphilis with arsphenamine 509

Surgery. —Epitheliomata of thymic origin.—Surgical treatment of

epithelioma of the Hp. —Light and heat treatment of epididymitis-- 521

Tropical medicine. — Recent progress in medical zoology. — Intravenous

injection of antimony tartrate in bilharzia disease.—Complexion of malaria

cases. —Standard treatment of malaria 524

Physiological chemistry. —Determination of the basal metabolism from

the carbon-dioxide elimination.—Supplementary values of proteins. — Studies in

the vitamine content. — Sampling bottle for Sins analysis. —Fat-soluble

vitamine. —Effect of hydrochloric acid ingestion upon composition of urine in

man 530

Eye, ear, nose, and throat.—Conditions predisposing to hemorrhage in

tonsil operations. —Statistical record of serious and fatal hemorrhage

following operation on the tonsil 540

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Tenth revision of the United States Pharmacopoeia.— Vaccine in the

prevention of pneumonia. -—Three old books. —Removal of stains from wash goods.

—Health of the French Mediterranean fleet during the war. —Treatment of

poisoning due to the venom of a snake. —Annual health report of the German Navy

543

NURSE CORPS 561

DIGEST OF DECISIONS 567

BOOK NOTICES 569

QUERIES 572

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION,

MOVEMENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 574

Number 4

PREFACE , v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS VI

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Medical aspects of gas warfare.

By Lieutenant G. H. Mankin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 641

The alcohol question in Sweden.

By Commander J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 649

The social service worker and the ex-service man.

By Lieutenant J. T. Boone, Medical Corps, U. S. N 653

Review of the reorganization of the sanitary and public health work in

the Dominican Republic under the United States military government of Santo

Domingo.

By Commander R. Hayden, Medical Corps, U. S. N 657

Some lessons of the World War in medicine and surgery from the German

viewpoint.

By Commander W. S. Bainbridge, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R, F 672

HISTORICAL :

James Inderwick, Surgeon, United States Navy, 1818-1815.

By Captain F. L. Pleadwell, Medical Corps, U. S. N 699

EDITORIAL :

The three horsemen and the body louse 713

CLINICAL NOTES:

Note on the use of Mercurochrome-220 within the peritoneum.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps,

U. S. N 717

Ten-second sterilization.

By Lieutenant Commander H. E. Harvey, Dental Corps, U. S. N. 717

The use of Mercurochrome-220 in infected wounds.

By Lieutenant W. L. Martin, Medical Corps, U. S. N 718

Notes on motor points.

By Commander W. S. Bainbridge, Medical Corps, U. S. N. R. F__ 719

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

Tropical medicine. —Treatment of human trypanosomiasis with

tryparsamide. —Wassermann reaction in malaria. —Wassermann reaction in malarial

fevers. — Rat repression by sexual selection. — Case of tubercular leprosy

treated by intravenous injections of stibenyl. —Bismuth-emetine treatment for

amebic dysentery and amebiasis. —Malaria incidence on the Canal

Zone.—Experiment of leper segregation in the Philippines.— Detection of Lamblla

lntestlnalls by means of duodenal tube. —Balantidium coll and pernicious

anemia. —Tropical myositis. —Differential diagnosis of the common intestinal

amebae of man.—Contributions to the biology of the Danish culicidae. —Treatment

of sleeping sickness. —Bilharzia disease treated with tartar emetic.

—Iso-agglutination group percentages of Filipino bloods.—Public health in the

Dominican Republic , 721

Chemistry. —Metabolism of the man of the Tropics. —Disturbances in the

development of mammalian embryos caused by radium emanation. —Ammonia content

of the blood and its bearing on the mechanism of acid neutralization in the

animal organism 735

NOTES AND COMMENTS:

Dispersion of flies by flight.—International Association of the History

of Medicine. —Incineration of latrine contents. —Far Eastern Association of

Tropical Medicine. —Care of the sick and wounded of the North Russia

Expeditionary Force. —Manufacture of soft soap. —the upkeep of rats. —Erratum

739

NURSE CORPS 749

DIGEST OF DECISIONS 7B9

BOOK NOTICES 768

QUERIES 767

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION,

MOVEMENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 769

Number 5

PREFACE V

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

ON THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS.

By Surgeon Captain Masaharu Kojlma, Imperial Japanese Navy. 821

Aviation medicine in the United States Navy.

By Lieutenant J. F. Neuberger, Medical Corps, U. S. N 834

Pyelonephritis : A critical review of one hundred cases.

By Lieutenant Commander O. C. Foote, Medical Corps, U. S. N— 844

Recurrent hernia.

By Lieutenant Commander Lucius W. Johnson, Medical Corps, U. S. N 849

Meningococcus septicemia.

By Lieutenant Commander W. A. Bloedorn, Medical Corps, U. S. N 855

HISTORICAL:

Peter St. Medard, surgeon in the Navy of the United States.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N. 867

The study of medicine in Strasbourg.

By Captain J. S. Taylor, Medical Corps, U. S. N 874

EDITORIAL :

On the acquisition of useless knowledge. —ON the conservation of gauze

877

CLINICAL NOTES :

Report of a case of shark bite.

By Lieutenant Commander C. R. Baker and Lieutenant C. W. Rose, Medical

Corps, U. S. N 881

A practical treatment of acute ulcerative gingivitis.

By Lieutenant C. R. Wells, Dental Corps, U. S. N 885

REPORTS:

A report of the international standardization of sera 885

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General Medicine. —Metabolism in pellagra. —-One thousand one hundred

goiters in one thousand seven hundred eighty-three persons. —Diphtheria carriers

and their treatment with mercurochrome.

—Method for determination of death by drowning. — Strain in

Spirochetes. —Hereditary blood qualities 889

Surgery. —Peri-arterial sympathetlcs. —Factors in bone repair.

—Operations on the gall bladder and bile ducts. —Operative procedures for

different kinds of goiter. —Varicose ulcers. —Cancer of the tongue 896

Tropical Medicine.—La maladie des oedemes a Java. —Dysentery.— Dysentery.

—Natural immunity of wild rats to plague.— Charcot-Leyden crystals in the

stools as an aid to the diagnosis of entamoebic

dysentery. —Glycosuria of malarial origin. —Dermatitis venenata

produced by an irritant present in stem sap of the mango. —Treatment of

trichuriasis with Leche de Higueron. — Malaria in Eastern Cuba. —Dhobie itch

produced by inoculating with a culture of Epidermophyton rubrtim. —Ueber eineu

Fall von Filaria loa 901

NOTES AND COMMENTS :

The immunization of adults with the diphtheria toxin-antitoxin mixture.

— Smallpox in the colony of Bahamas. — Meeting of Royal Society of Tropical

Medicine and Hygiene. —Curative effects of chaulmoogra oil derivatives on

leprosy. — Virulence of tubercle bacilli under changing environment. —Malaria

in Bulgaria. — Methods of drainage. — Use of white lead in paints. —A method of

preventive inoculation for smallpox. — Paper on hospital ship ventilation. —

Papers by medical officers of the Navy 907

NURSE CORPS 919

DIGEST OF DECISIONS 923

BOOK NOTICES 929

QUERIES 935

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS, NEW LEGISLATION,

MOVEMENTS OF OFFICERS AND NURSES 937

Number 6

PREFACE v

NOTICE TO SERVICE CONTRIBUTORS vi

SPECIAL ARTICLES :

Hydrogen-ion concentration.

By Lieutenant Commander C. W. O. Bunker. Medical Corps, U. S. N 973

Aviation medicine in the United States Navy.

By Lieutenant J. F. Neuberger, Medical Corps, U. S. N 083

Developments in the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis.

By Lieutenant L. W. Shaffer, Medical Corps, U. S. N 1011

HISTORICAL:

The old anatomical school at Padua.

By Lieutenant Commander W. M. Kerr, Medical Corps, U. S. N- 1015

EDITORIAL:

On carbon monoxide asphyxia. —On the habit of reading 1029

SUGGESTED DEVICES :

The method of preparing colloidal gold solution used at the U. S. Naval

Medical School.

By Lieutenant J. Harper, Medical Corps, U. S. N., and Chief Pharmacist

C. Schaffer. Medical Corps, U. S. N 1037

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General Medicine. —Prognostic significance of persistent high blood

pressure. — Standardization of the Wassermann reaction. —Modern conceptions of

the treatment of syphilis. —Treatment of neurosyphilis. —Treatment of visceral

syphilis. —New technique for staining Treponema pallida. —Method of

demonstration of spirochteta pallida in the tissues 1041

Surgery. —Postoperative pulmonary complications 1051

Tropical Medicine. —Activities of infective hookworm larvae in the

soil. —Use of carbon letrachlorid for removal of hookworms — Hemotoxins from

parasitic worms. — Specific treatment of malaria. —Malaria epidemic in Naras in

1918. —Dysentery. — Une nouvelle maladie a bacilles acido-resistants qui n'est

ni la tuberculose, ni la lepre. —Malaria epidemic caused by M. Sinensis. —

Vesical bilharziasis, indigenous to Portugal. —An exceptional tropical

ulceration 1053

Physiological Chemistry. —Action of antispasmodic drugs on the

bronchus. —Methanol on trial.— Nature of beriberi and related diseases. —Ethyl

alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine on the behavior of rats in a maze. —Biliary

obstruction required to produce Jaundice.—Transfused blood.— Anthelmintics and

hookworm treat ment.—Chemotherapy. —Influence of morphine in experimental

septicemia.— Fumigation with formaldehyde. —Lesions in bones of rats suffering

from uncomplicated berberi 1062

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Nose, throat, and ear requirements of

airmen. —Septicemia and death following streptococcus tonsillitis.— Gangosa.—

Iritis caused by focal infection.— Episcleritis.. 1065

NOTES AND COMMENTS :

Toxic effects of picric acid. —Chemical warfare. — Destruction of the

dirigible ZR-2.—Outbreaks of plague in South Africa. —Relation of species of

rat fleas to the spread of plague. —Diary of William

Clift. —Medicine in art. —Therapeutic index of silver arsphenamin.

—Antiscorbutic vitamins contained in dehydrated fruits. — Hookworm survey.

—Treatment of amoebic dysentery 1071

REPORTS :

Report of the health of the Royal Air Force for the year 1920. 1083

NURSE CORPS 1095

DIGEST OF DECISIONS 1099

BOOK NOTICES 1103

QUERIES 1111

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE STATISTICS, LETTERS, ORDERS 1115

INDEX i

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The Grange, Ramsgate, Kent by Jelltex

2 2

I am back at home in Chez Jelltex; Mulder is meowing just before dawn, in which case its situation normal. My longer than expected hike the day before meant that my legs were aching to buggery, but it is better than them stopping working.

Jools has to be up and about to go to work, but lucky me is working from home, so I can lay in bed a while enjoying the moment, but then I can smell coffee brewing, so I had better face the world. There is coffee on the table, but the cats have gone out exploring after eating, and so once Jools has left, its just me. However, the cats come in one at a time to request more food. At least not all at once.

Molly must think I'm looking a little peaky, as she brings me in a partially eaten Goldfinch and a large mouse/small rat, which I don't look at too closely.

Work is pretty much as usual, there is stuff to do, mails to send, calls to write, fires to put out. The usual.

Cheese and toast for lunch whilst I work. Somehow the volume of work wasn't what I was expecting, I guess what it being an hour ahead in Dk and being Friday afternoon. By two, mails had stopped and I can see most of my colleagues offline. I pack up for the week and get my camera gear together as there was some photographing to do.

This weekend in September is Heritage Weekend, and that means getting into churches that usually are locked. In addition, another area of Pugin's house in Ramsgate had been renovated and opened, so it seemed a good idea to go there in the 90 minutes before it closed. I think it was just about worth it.

Jools comes home, changes and we get in the car and take the Sandwich road, pretty much the same way I used to go to the office in Ramsgate when I was just an technical assistant, not that long ago, but in terms of my journey, ages ago! Traffic was a little crazy, but that is to be expected, but in the warm sunny weather, it was very pleasant indeed.

We park near The Grange, and have about an hour to get the visit done. I go straight to the Presbytery, just about the first to be built in Britain since the middle ages, designed by Pugin, and now converted by the Landmark Trust and now available for holiday rental. They have done a great job, and it feels like a fine place for up to four people can have a great stay, and help support the good cause.

I go round snapping each room, climbing the two sets of stairs to see the bedroom at the top, then back down again. What I can say is that it feels more of a home thand homely than The Grange, I think I could happily stay here. Stay and maybe never leave, mind.

Jools goes to see inside The Grange, but I have been in before, so chat with a guide outside, and I tell her about my job in the survey business. She is really interested, or says she is anyway. I do go in and take a few shots, and see that with the new camera/lens combination, the shots are fabulous. Just wish I had more time to get round.

We go back to the car as its four, and the buildings and church are closing.

I now spring it onto Jools that we are heading into Canterbury, as there is a church open that evening, that should be interesting. She takes the news well, so we drive round the outskirts of the city so to approach the right part, park up close to the chapel. We make better time that I thought, so we have time for a pint in the Two Brewers near to St Augustine's Abbey. This is the life, finished for the weekend, en route to a chapel and drinking beer and eating cheese and onion crisps; living the dream.

From the pub is was a short walk through the underpass then along the city wall to the Zoar Chapel.

You read that right; Zoar. Seems that being a Baptist isn't enough, you can have Strict and/or Peculiar Baptists too, and this is the Chapel of the Particular Strict Baptists in the city. The chapel has had an interesting life too; a former bastion in the city wall, then converted for use as a water cistern before the conversion to a church in the 19th century.

We are welcomed, but not that warmly, or I might have imagined it, I mean they open the chapel on all four days of the weekend, so they must be proud of the chapel. And rightly so, all lines with white painted wood, almost round, and looking really very fine indeed. I get my shots, talk politely, then we make our way back to the car and home.

We have run out of time for that day, so return home ready to have some dinner, as our appetites are raging. And as you will come to expect, its insalata caprese once again, with cheese and pickle bread, thickly sliced and buttered. Add a bottle of red wine, and it is perfect.

The cats are happy too, we have fed them and as we slob around the house, they ask for attention, food or whatever. Outside the sun sets on a fine late summer evening, whilst the moon has already risen and looks about half full already.

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Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1 March 1812 – 14 September 1852) was an English architect, designer, artist and critic, chiefly remembered for his pioneering role in the Gothic Revival style; his work culminated in the interior design of the Palace of Westminster. Pugin designed many churches in England, and some in Ireland and Australia.[1] Pugin was the son of Auguste Pugin, and the father of E.W. and Peter Paul Pugin, who continued his architectural firm as Pugin & Pugin.

Pugin was the son of a French draughtsman, Auguste Pugin, who had come to England as a result of the French Revolution and had married Catherine Welby of the Denton, Lincolnshire Welby family.[3] Augustus was born at his parents' house in Bloomsbury. Between 1821 and 1838 Pugin's father had published a series of volumes of architectural drawings, the first two entitled, Specimens of Gothic Architecture, and the following three, Examples of Gothic Architecture, that were to remain both in print and the standard references for Gothic architecture for at least the next century.

As a child he was taken each Sunday by his mother to the services of the fashionable Scottish Presbyterian preacher Edward Irving (later founder of the Holy Catholic Apostolic Church), at his chapel in Cross Street, Hatton Garden.[4] He soon rebelled against this version of Christianity: according to Benjamin Ferrey, Pugin "always expressed unmitigated disgust at the cold and sterile forms of the Scotch church; and the moment he broke free from the trammels imposed on him by his mother, he rushed into the arms of a church which, pompous by its ceremonies, was attractive to his imaginative mind".

Pugin learned drawing from his father, and for a while attended Christ's Hospital. After leaving school he worked in his father's office, and in 1825 and 1827 accompanied him on visits to France.[6] His first commissions independent of his father were for designs for the goldsmiths Rundell and Bridge, and for designs for furniture at Windsor Castle, from the upholsterers Morrel and Seddon. Through a contact made while working at Windsor, he became interested in the design of theatre scenery, and in 1831 obtained a commission to design the sets for the production of a new opera called Kenilworth at Covent Garden.[7] He also developed an interest in sailing, and briefly commanded a small merchant schooner trading between Britain and Holland, which allowed him to import examples of furniture and carving from Flanders,with which he later furnished his house at Ramsgate.[8] During one voyage in 1830 he was wrecked on the Scottish coast near Leith,[9] as a result of which he came into contact with Edinburgh architect James Gillespie Graham, who advised him to abandon seafaring for architecture.[10] He then set up a business supplying historically accurate carved wood and stone details for the increasing number of buildings being constructed in the Gothic style, but the enterprise soon failed.

In 1831, aged nineteen, Pugin married the first of his three wives, Anne Garnet.[11] Anne died a few months later in childbirth, leaving him with a daughter. He had a further six children, including the architect Edward Pugin, with his second wife, Louisa Button, who died in 1844. His third wife, Jane Knill, kept a journal of their married life together, between their marriage in 1848 and his death; it was later published.[12] Their son was Peter Paul Pugin.

In 1834, Pugin became a Roman Catholic convert,[16] and was received into the Church in the following year.[17] Pugin's father Auguste-Charles Pugin, was a Frenchman who had come to England as a result of the French Revolution. It is probable that he, like many others, converted to the Anglican faith in order to get work (it was highly unlikely that any non-Anglican could obtain a government commission or tender for example).

British society at this time had many restrictions on any person not adhering to the state religion of the Anglican Church. Non-Anglicans could not attend University, for example as well as being unable to stand for parish or city councils, be an MP, serve as a policeman, in the armed forces or even on a jury. A number of reforms in the early 19th century changed this situation, the most important of which was the Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1829 which specifically abolished the restrictions on Catholics. After 1829 it became (in theory at least) possible to have a successful career while being a Catholic - this was the background to A W Pugin's conversion to the Roman Catholic Church.

However his conversion also brought him into contact with new patrons and employers. In 1832 he had made the acquaintance of John Talbot, 16th Earl of Shrewsbury, a Roman Catholic, sympathetic to his aesthetic views who employed him in alterations and additions to his residence Alton Towers, which subsequently led to many other commissions.[18] Shrewsbury commissioned him to build St. Giles' Catholic Church, Cheadle, completed in 1846, and Pugin was also responsible for designing the oldest Catholic church in Shropshire, St Peter and Paul at Newport.

In 1841 he left Salisbury,[20] finding it an inconvenient base for his growing architectural practice.[21] He sold St Marie's Grange at a considerable financial loss,[22] and moved temporarily to Cheyne Walk, Chelsea. He had however already purchased a piece of land at the West Cliff, Ramsgate, where he proceeded to build himself a large house and, at his own expense, a church on which he worked whenever funds allowed. His second wife died in 1844 and was buried at St. Chad's, Birmingham, a church which he had designed himself.

Following the destruction by fire of the Palace of Westminster in 1834, Pugin was employed by Sir Charles Barry to supply interior designs for his entry to the architectural competition which would determine who would build the new Palace of Westminster. Pugin also supplied drawings for James Gillespie Graham's entry.[24] This followed a period of employment when Pugin had worked with Barry on the interior design of King Edward's School, Birmingham. Despite his conversion to Catholicism in 1834, Pugin designed and refurbished both Anglican and Catholic churches throughout the country.

Other works include St Chad's Cathedral, Erdington Abbey and Oscott College, all in Birmingham. He also designed the college buildings of St Patrick and St Mary in St. Patrick's College, Maynooth; though not the college chapel. His original plans included both a chapel and an aula maxima (great hall), neither of which were built because of financial constraints. The college chapel was designed by a follower of Pugin, the Irish architect J.J. McCarthy. Also in Ireland, Pugin designed St Mary's Cathedral in Killarney, St Aidan's Cathedral, Enniscorthy (renovated in 1996) and the Dominican church of the Holy Cross in Tralee. He revised the plans for St Michael's Church in Ballinasloe, Galway. Pugin was also invited by Bishop Wareing to design what eventually became Northampton Cathedral, a project that was completed in 1864 by Pugin's son Edward Welby Pugin.

Pugin visited Italy in 1847; his experience there confirmed his dislike of Renaissance and Baroque architecture, but he found much to admire in the medieval art of northern Italy.

In February 1852, while travelling with his son Edward by train, Pugin suffered a total breakdown and arrived in London unable to recognise anyone or speak coherently. For four months he was confined to a private asylum, Kensington House. In June, he was transferred to the Royal Bethlem Hospital, popularly known as Bedlam.[26] At that time, Bethlem Hospital was opposite St George's Cathedral, Southwark, one of Pugin's major buildings, where he had married his third wife, Jane, in 1848. Jane and a doctor removed Pugin from Bedlam and took him to a private house in Hammersmith where they attempted therapy, and he recovered sufficiently to recognise his wife.[26] In September, Jane took her husband back to The Grange in Ramsgate, where he died on 14 September 1852.[26] He is buried in his church next to The Grange, St Augustine's, Ramsgate.

On Pugin's death certificate, the cause listed was "convulsions followed by coma". Pugin's biographer, Rosemary Hill, suggests that, in the last year of his life, he was suffering from hyperthyroidism which would account for his symptoms of exaggerated appetite, perspiration, and restlessness. Hill writes that Pugin's medical history, including eye problems and recurrent illness from his early twenties, suggests that he contracted syphilis in his late teens, and this may have been the cause of his death at the age of 40.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Pugin

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The Grange (aka St Augustine's Grange) in Ramsgate, Kent, on the coast in southern England was the home of the Victorian architect and designer August Pugin. He designed it in the Victorian Gothic style; it is a Grade I listed building.

Pugin bought the land for the site at West Cliff, Ramsgate, in 1841.[2] The house was built between 1843 and 1844 by the builder George Myers. Pugin's second wife died in 1844 and it was only after his third marriage to Jane Knill in 1848 that it became a family home.

The interior of the house was finally completed in 1850. It is built from the inside out in the sense that the layout of the rooms was considered before the outside of the building. This is in contrast to the Georgian style that preceded it. The style was influential on subsequent English architecture designed by architects like Edwin Lutyens.

Pugin died in the house in 1852 at the age of only 40. He is buried in the impressive Pugin chantry chapel in St Augustine's Church, next to the house, which was also designed by him and completed by his eldest son, Edward Pugin, who was also an architect.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grange,_Ramsgate