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In Old Hickory, TN, students from the India team spend several hours a week studying the Hindi language. Creativity and confidence are two essential components for success in language learning. In this photo, the students are meeting with a friend and native Hindi speaker for an online video chat during their language session. (taken by Aaron Montgomery)
Oroxylum indicum
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... MUCH ADO ABOUT NAMES ...
commonly known as: broken bones plant, Indian calosanthes, Indian trumpet flower, midnight horror, oroxylum, tree of Damocles • Bengali: সোনা sona • Chinese: 木蝴蝶 mu hu die • Hindi: भूत वृक्ष bhut-vriksha, दीर्घवृन्त dirghavrinta, कुटन्नट kutannat, मण्डूक manduk (the flower), पत्रोर्ण patrorna, पूतिवृक्ष putivriksha, शल्लक shallaka, शूरण shuran, सोन or शोण son, वटुक vatuk • Kannada: ತಟ್ಟುನ tattuna • Konkani: davamadak • Nepalese: टटेलों tatelo • Malay: kampong • Malayalam: പലകപയ്യാനി palaqapayyani, വാശ്പ്പാതിരി vashrppathiri, വെള്ളപ്പാതിരി vellappathiri • Marathi: टायिटू tayitu, टेटु tetu • Sanskrit: अरलु aralu, श्योनक shyonaka • Tamil: சொரிகொன்றை cori-konnai, பாலையுடைச்சி palai-y-utaicci, பூதபுஷ்பம் puta-puspam (the flower) • Telugu: మండూకపర్ణము manduka-parnamu, పంపెన pampena, శూకనాసము suka-nasamu, తుందిలము tundilamu
The Himalayas or Himalaya (/ˌhɪməˈleɪ.ə/ or /hɪˈmɑːləjə/; Sanskrit: हिमालय, Nepali: हिमालय, Hindi: हिमालय, Urdu: ہمالیہ; from Sanskrit hima (snow) + ālaya (dwelling), literally meaning "abode of snow") is a mountain range in South Asia which separates the Indo-Gangetic Plain from the Tibetan Plateau. This range is home to nine of the ten highest peaks on Earth, including the highest above sea level, Mount Everest. The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of South Asia. Many Himalayan peaks are sacred in both Buddhism and Hinduism.
The Himalayas are bordered on the north by the Tibetan Plateau, on the south by the Indo-Gangetic Plain, on the northwest by the Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges, and on the east by the Indian states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. The Hindu Kush can be considered as a subrange of the Himalayas, and they are sometimes addressed together as Hindu Kush Himalayan Region (HKH). The western anchor of the Himalayas - Nanga Parbat - lies just south of the northernmost bend of the Indus River, while the eastern anchor - Namcha Barwa - is situated just west of the great bend of the Yarlung Tsangpo River. The Himalayas span five countries: India, Nepal, Bhutan, China (Tibet), and Pakistan, with the first three countries having sovereignty over most of the range.
Lifted by the collision of the Indian tectonic plate with the Eurasian Plate, the Himalayan range runs northwest to southeast in a 2,400 kilometres long arc. The range varies in width from 400 kilometres in the west to 150 kilometres in the east. Besides the Greater Himalayas, there are several parallel lower ranges. The southernmost of these, located along the northern edge of the Indian plains and reaching about a thousand meters in altitude, are called the Sivalik Hills. Further north is a higher range, reaching two to three thousand meters, known as the Lower Himalayan Range.
Three of the world's major rivers - the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra - arise in the Himalayas. While the Indus and the Brahmaputra rise near Mount Kailash in Tibet, the Ganges rises in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Their combined drainage basin is home to some 600 million people.
ECOLOGY
The flora and fauna of the Himalayas vary with climate, rainfall, altitude, and soils. The climate ranges from tropical at the base of the mountains to permanent ice and snow at the highest elevations. The amount of yearly rainfall increases from west to east along the southern front of the range. This diversity of altitude, rainfall and soil conditions combined with the very high snow line supports a variety of distinct plant and animal communities. The extremes of high altitude (low atmospheric pressure) combined with extreme cold favor extremophile organisms.
The unique floral and faunal wealth of the Himalayas is undergoing structural and compositional changes due to climate change. The increase in temperature is shifting various species to higher elevations. The oak forest is being invaded by pine forests in the Garhwal Himalayan region. There are reports of early flowering and fruiting in some tree species, especially rhododendron, apple and box myrtle. The highest known tree species in the Himalayas is Juniperus tibetica located at 4,900 metres in Southeastern Tibet.
GEOLOGY
The Himalayan range is one of the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consists mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. According to the modern theory of plate tectonics, its formation is a result of a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The Arakan Yoma highlands in Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal were also formed as a result of this collision.
During the Upper Cretaceous, about 70 million years ago, the north-moving Indo-Australian plate (which has subsequently broken into the Indian Plate and the Australian plate) was moving at about 15 cm per year. About 50 million years ago this fast moving Indo-Australian plate had completely closed the Tethys Ocean, the existence of which has been determined by sedimentary rocks settled on the ocean floor, and the volcanoes that fringed its edges. Since both plates were composed of low density continental crust, they were thrust faulted and folded into mountain ranges rather than subducting into the mantle along an oceanic trench.[6] An often-cited fact used to illustrate this process is that the summit of Mount Everest is made of marine limestone from this ancient ocean.
Today, the Indian plate continues to be driven horizontally below the Tibetan Plateau, which forces the plateau to continue to move upwards. The Indian plate is still moving at 67 mm per year, and over the next 10 million years it will travel about 1,500 km into Asia. About 20 mm per year of the India-Asia convergence is absorbed by thrusting along the Himalaya southern front. This leads to the Himalayas rising by about 5 mm per year, making them geologically active. The movement of the Indian plate into the Asian plate also makes this region seismically active, leading to earthquakes from time to time.
During the last ice age, there was a connected ice stream of glaciers between Kangchenjunga in the east and Nanga Parbat in the west. In the west, the glaciers joined with the ice stream network in the Karakoram, and in the north, joined with the former Tibetan inland ice. To the south, outflow glaciers came to an end below an elevation of 1,000–2,000 metres. While the current valley glaciers of the Himalaya reach at most 20 to 32 kilometres in length, several of the main valley glaciers were 60 to 112 kilometres long during the ice age. The glacier snowline (the altitude where accumulation and ablation of a glacier are balanced) was about 1,400–1,660 metres lower than it is today. Thus, the climate was at least 7.0 to 8.3 °C colder than it is today.
HYDROLOGY
The Himalayas have the third largest deposit of ice and snow in the world, after Antarctica and the Arctic. The Himalayan range encompasses about 15,000 glaciers, which store about 12,000 km3 of fresh water. Its glaciers include the Gangotri and Yamunotri (Uttarakhand) and Khumbu glaciers (Mount Everest region), Langtang glacier (Langtang region) and Zemu (Sikkim).
Owing to the mountains' latitude near the Tropic of Cancer, the permanent snow line is among the highest in the world at typically around 5,500 metres In contrast, equatorial mountains in New Guinea, the Rwenzoris and Colombia have a snow line some 900 metres lower. The higher regions of the Himalayas are snowbound throughout the year, in spite of their proximity to the tropics, and they form the sources of several large perennial rivers, most of which combine into two large river systems:
The western rivers, of which the Indus is the largest, combine into the Indus Basin. The Indus begins in Tibet at the confluence of Sengge and Gar rivers and flows southwest through India and then through Pakistan to the Arabian Sea. It is fed by the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas, and the Sutlej rivers, among others.
Most of the other Himalayan rivers drain the Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin. Its main rivers are the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the Yamuna, as well as other tributaries. The Brahmaputra originates as the Yarlung Tsangpo River in western Tibet, and flows east through Tibet and west through the plains of Assam. The Ganges and the Brahmaputra meet in Bangladesh, and drain into the Bay of Bengal through the world's largest river delta, the Sunderbans.
The easternmost Himalayan rivers feed the Ayeyarwady River, which originates in eastern Tibet and flows south through Myanmar to drain into the Andaman Sea.
The Salween, Mekong, Yangtze and Huang He (Yellow River) all originate from parts of the Tibetan Plateau that are geologically distinct from the Himalaya mountains, and are therefore not considered true Himalayan rivers. Some geologists refer to all the rivers collectively as the circum-Himalayan rivers. In recent years, scientists have monitored a notable increase in the rate of glacier retreat across the region as a result of global climate change. For example, glacial lakes have been forming rapidly on the surface of debris-covered glaciers in the Bhutan Himalaya during the last few decades. Although the effect of this will not be known for many years, it potentially could mean disaster for the hundreds of millions of people who rely on the glaciers to feed the rivers during the dry seasons.
LAKES
The Himalayan region is dotted with hundreds of lakes. Most lakes are found at altitudes of less than 5,000 m, with the size of the lakes diminishing with altitude. Tilicho Lake in Nepal in the Annapurna massif is one of the highest lakes in the world. Pangong Tso, which is spread across the border between India and China, and Yamdrok Tso, located in central Tibet, are amongst the largest with surface areas of 700 km², and 638 km², respectively. Other notable lakes include She-Phoksundo Lake in the Shey Phoksundo National Park of Nepal, Gurudongmar Lake, in North Sikkim, Gokyo Lakes in Solukhumbu district of Nepal and Lake Tsongmo, near the Indo-China border in Sikkim.
Some of the lakes present a danger of a glacial lake outburst flood. The Tsho Rolpa glacier lake in the Rowaling Valley, in the Dolakha District of Nepal, is rated as the most dangerous. The lake, which is located at an altitude of 4,580 metres has grown considerably over the last 50 years due to glacial melting.
The mountain lakes are known to geographers as tarns if they are caused by glacial activity. Tarns are found mostly in the upper reaches of the Himalaya, above 5,500 metres.
IMPACT ON CLIMATE
The Himalayas have a profound effect on the climate of the Indian subcontinent and the Tibetan Plateau. They prevent frigid, dry winds from blowing south into the subcontinent, which keeps South Asia much warmer than corresponding temperate regions in the other continents. It also forms a barrier for the monsoon winds, keeping them from traveling northwards, and causing heavy rainfall in the Terai region. The Himalayas are also believed to play an important part in the formation of Central Asian deserts, such as the Taklamakan and Gobi.
RELIGIONS OF THE REGION
In Hinduism, the Himalayas have been personified as the god Himavat, father of Ganga and Parvati.
Several places in the Himalayas are of religious significance in Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism. A notable example of a religious site is Paro Taktsang, where Padmasambhava is said to have founded Buddhism in Bhutan.
A number of Tibetan Buddhist sites are situated in the Himalayas, including the residence of the Dalai Lama. There were over 6,000 monasteries in Tibet. The Tibetan Muslims had their own mosques in Lhasa and Shigatse.
WIKIPEDIA
This was shot for the music video Hindi Na by The CompanY.
Same image was used for their album promotion billboard along EDSA.
Vodafone ad in the January 26, 2008 issue of Hindustan Dainik. You can see the Vodafone Hindi typeface in use!
Bought from Indian Type Foundry. Not entirely sure if the 'c' and the 'ch' should be joined together (or rather, not joined) like that....? Usually when I write it I get a conjunct: अच्छा.
Peter Bilak from ITF gave a talk at our college in February. Interesting to hear how India is still catching up with Unicode, and only slowly, given that its linguistic diversity means publishers and the like will - eventually - benefit greatly from the tech.
They're working on a range of typefaces across India's scripts... Kohinoor Tamil looks particularly delicious. Mind you, Tamil in any typeface looks like it was written by a Russian gymnast spinning a ribbon across a mat in the 1972 Munich Olympics... such beautiful letterforms.
Fabaceae (pea, or legume family) » Clitoria ternatea
klih-TOH-ree-uh -- from the Greek kleitoris; referring to the form of the flower
tern-AH-tee-uh -- referring to the island of Ternate, where a specimen was collected
commonly known as: butterfly pea • Bengali: অপরাজিত aparajita • Hindi: अपराजिता aparajita, गोकर्णी gokarni, khagtu • Kannada: girikarniballi, kantisoppu • Konkani: गोकर्ण gokarna, शंख पुष्प shankha pushpa • Malayalam: aral, sangu pushpam, sankhankuppi • Manipuri: aparajita • Marathi: गोकर्ण gokarna, shankha pushpa • Sanskrit: अपराजित aparajita, गिरिकर्णिका girikarnika • Tamil: காக்கணம் kakkanam, காக்கட்டான் kakkattan, சங்கு கன்னிக்கொடி kannikkodi, karkokartun, கரிசன்னி kricnni, கருவிளை kruvilai, உயவை uyvai • Telugu: గెంటన gentana, శంఖపుష్పము sankhu-pushpamu
Origin: tropical America
... showy solitary flowers ... corolla is 3.5 to 4 cm long ... standard petal - most often being deep blue, with a white or yellowish center, occasionally pale-blue, or nearly white.
References: Flowers of India • Top Tropicals
Watch Motu Patlu Cartoon in Hindi, All the latest collection of video in Hindi available on this site. Here you can find the best collection of Motu Patlu cartoons in English as well as in national languages of Pakistan and India.
Lauraceae (laurel family) » Cassytha filiformis L.
kas-SITH-ee-a -- from the Greek word kassyo (sew, patch) ... Dave's Botanary
fil-ih-FOR-miss -- thread-like ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: air creeper, devil's gut, dodder laurel, green thread creeper, love vine, moss creeper, Sita’s yarn, princess hair, woe vine • Assamese: আকাশী লতা akakhi lota • Gujarati: સોનવેલ sonvel, સ્વર્ણવલ્લી swarnavalli • Hindi: आकासबेल akasbel, अमरबेल amarbel • Kannada: ಆಕಾಶಬಳ್ಳಿ akasha balli, ಅಮರ ಬಳ್ಳಿ amaru balli, ಮಂಗನ ಉಡಿದಾರ mangana udidara • Konkani: आंकासवेल ankasvel • Malayalam: ആകാശവള്ളി akasavalli • Marathi: आकाशवेल akashvel, अमरवेल amarvel • Sanskrit: आकाशवल्ली akashavalli, अमरवल्लरी amaravallari, दुःस्पर्श duhsparsha, खवल्ली khavalli, व्योमवल्लिका vyomavallika • Tamil: எருமைக்கொற்றான் erumai-k-korran, பசுங்கொற்றான் pacu-n-korran, தூற்றுமைக்கொற்றான் turrumai-k-korran, உழிஞைக் கொடி ulinaik-koti • Telugu: ఆకాశవల్లి akashavalli, అంతర వల్లితీగ anthara vallithige, సీతమ్మనూలుపోగులు sitamma nulu pogulu, నూలు తీగ noolu thige, పచ్చి తీగ paachi thige
Distribution: pantropic
References: Flowers of India • Flora of China
Euphorbiaceae (castor, euphorbia, or spurge family) » Acalypha indica L.
ak-uh-LY-fuh or ak-uh-LEE-fuh -- nettle ... Dave's Botanary
IN-dih-kuh or in-DEE-kuh -- of or from India ... Dave's Botanary
commonly known as: Indian acalypha, Indian copperleaf, Indian mercury, Indian nettle, three-seeded mercury • Assamese: কুপ্পি kuppi, মুক্তাঝুৰি muktajhurai, মুকুতা-মঞ্জৰী mukuta manjari, পত্ৰচাকি patrasaki, শ্বেত বসন্ত sbeta-basanta • Bengali: মুক্তাঝুরি muktajhuri • Gujarati: દાદરો dadaro, હરીતમંજરી haritamanjari, વેંછીકાંટો venchikanto • Hindi: खोकली khokali, कुपी kupi • Kachchhi: દદર જો ઝાડ dadar jo jhad • Kannada: ಜಲಮಲಿ jalamali, ಕುಪ್ಪಿಗಿಡ kuppigida • Konkani: ಕುಂಕ್ಮಿಫಲ kunkmiphala • Malayalam: കുപ്പമേനി kuppameni • Marathi: खोखली khokhali, कुपी kupi • Odia: ଇନ୍ଦ୍ରମାରିଷ indramarisha • Rajasthani: खोकली khokali • Sanskrit: हरितमञ्जरी haritamanjari • Tamil: அக்கினிச்சிவம் akkini-c-civam, அனந்தை anantai, அங்குரம் ankuram, அண்டகம் antakam, அரிமஞ்சரி ari-manjari, சக்கரபுட்பி cakkara-putpi, எரிசிகை eri-cikai, கொழிப்பூண்டு koli-p-puntu, குப்பைமேனி kuppai-meni, மயிலம் mayilam, முறைமயக்கி murai-mayakki, நசியரி naciyari, ஒடுவடக்கி otu-v-atakki, பூனைமூலி punai-muli, பூனைவணங்கி punai-vananki, திரிபுரத்தான் tiripurattan, திருமேனி tiru-meni, விமலி vimali • Telugu: హరిత మంజరి haritha manjari, కుప్పింటాకు kupintaku, కుప్పి చెట్టు kuppi chettu, మురిపిండ muripinda, మురుకొండ చెట్టు murkonda chettu, పిప్పింట pippinta • Tulu: ಬಂಗಾರಕಾಯಿ bangaarakaayi, ಕುಪ್ಪಿ ದೈ kuppi dai
Distribution: tropical Africa, India, s China, Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; naturalized in tropical America
References: Flowers of India • PIER species info • NPGS / GRIN • Flora of China
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Rubiaceae (madder, bedstraw, or coffee family) » Oldenlandia corymbosa
old-en-LAND-ee-a -- named for Henrik Bernhard Oldenland, Danish botanist and curator
kor-rim-BOW-suh -- meaning, full of corymbs (flat topped flower heads)
commonly known as: corymbose hedyotis, flat-top mille graines, old world diamond-flower, wild chayroot • Hindi: दमन पप्पड़ daman pappar, पित्तपापड़ा pitpapra • Kannada: ಪರ್ಪಟ ಹುಲ್ಲು parpata hullu • Konkani: पोरिपट poripat • Malayalam: പര്പ്പടകം parppatakam, പര്പ്പടക പുല്ല് parppatakappullu • Marathi: पित्तपापडा pitpapda • Nepalese: पिरिङगों piringo • Sanskrit: पर्पटः parpatah, पर्पटकः parpatakah • Tagalog: malaulasiman, ulasiman-aso • Tamil: காட்டுச்சாயவேர் kattucayaver, பாப்பான்பூண்டு pappan puntu, பர்ப்படாகம் parppatakam • Telugu: వెన్నెల వేము vernnela-vemu
Native to: India, tropical Africa; elsewhere naturalized in tropics & subtropics
References: PIER species info • NPGS / GRIN
Photo © Tristan Savatier - All Rights Reserved - License this photo on www.loupiote.com/16243120995
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Statue of Ganesha in Pilot Baba's Ashram near the Bhagirathi river, on the road to Gangotri (India)
If you can identify the statues of the women, please post a Comment!
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