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L’oie à tête barrée est une grande migratrice. C’est l’espèce qui vole le plus haut : elle a été aperçue à 10.000 m d’altitude. Cette puissance est nécessaire pour franchir les hauts sommets de la chaîne himalayenne. À 8.500 m d’altitude, l’air est rare et la température atteint -40 °C. Son métabolisme est capable de compenser les déperditions thermiques, et son hémoglobine possède la capacité de stocker davantage d’oxygène que les autres espèces. Cet apport supplémentaire d’oxygène lui permet de supporter le froid glacial de la troposphère et le manque d’air. L’oie à tête barrée est grégaire même pendant la période de nidification. Elle se mêle à d’autres espèces sur ses lieux d’hivernage.
Une échappée d'un élevage, d'un zoo, ou de la prison d'à coté ;-)
The Bar-headed Goose or Bar-headed Geese is Highest migratory bird in the globe, during the winter migration from Southern Asia to Central Asia.
Most birds reach altitudes of 5,000–6,000m during the migration, but this beautiful bird is one of the world's highest-flying birds, having been heard flying across Mount Makalu, the Fifth highest mountain on Earth at 8,481m (27,825 ft) and apparently seen over Mount Everest 8,848m (29,029 ft) with winds that blow at speeds of more than 322 kph (200 mph) and temperatures low enough to freeze exposed flesh instantly. At this height, oxygen levels drop by one-third; even kerosene cannot burn there and helicopters cannot fly at that altitude.
Their powerful and constant flight helps generate body heat, which is retained by their down feathers. Such heat helps keep ice from building up on their wings when flying over mountains.
These geese also have a special type of hemoglobin that absorbs oxygen quicker than other birds; they can also extract more oxygen from each breath than other birds can.
These geese are able to migrate more than 1609 km (1,000 miles.) in a single day.
Scientists believe the geese's yearly migration is triggered by an environmental signal that allows them to miss the summer monsoon season and the worst winter storms.
La source ferrugineuse de Revin .
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
▶️située dans les Ardennes Française , est une source d'eau naturellement riche en fer. Cette source est connue pour ses propriétés thérapeutiques et ses bienfaits pour la santé, attribués à la présence de fer dissous dans l'eau.
▶️La source ferrugineuse de Revin a été découverte il y a plusieurs siècles et a été utilisée traditionnellement pour ses vertus médicinales. Les eaux ferrugineuses étaient souvent recommandées pour traiter divers maux, notamment les anémies et les troubles digestifs.
▶️L'eau de cette source contient une concentration significative de fer, un oligo-élément essentiel pour le corps humain. Le fer est crucial pour la production de l'hémoglobine, qui transporte l'oxygène dans le sang.
▶️Les eaux ferrugineuses sont réputées pour améliorer la santé des personnes souffrant de carences en fer ou d'anémie. Elles peuvent également avoir des effets bénéfiques sur la peau et le système digestif.
▶️Située dans une région naturelle et pittoresque, la source est souvent entourée de paysages verdoyants, ce qui en fait un lieu attrayant pour les randonneurs et les amateurs de nature.
➡️Si ce petit récit ainsi les quelques photos ton inspiré rend nous visite sur notre chaine YouTube pour visionner tout cela en image www.youtube.com/@Lesvoyageursdebelgique et n'oublie pas de un Like👍un commentaire📝et Abonne toi 📌😉
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Iron is an essential mineral, naturally present in many foods and available as a dietary supplement.
Iron is an important component of hemoglobin, the substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to transport it throughout your body. Iron is also necessary for growth, development, normal cellular functioning, and synthesis of some hormones and connective tissue.
Women from ages 19 to 50 need to get 18 mg of iron each day (27 mg during pregnancy), while men the same age can get away with just 8 mg.
Dietary iron has two main forms: heme and nonheme. The richest sources of heme iron in the diet include lean meat and seafood. Dietary sources of nonheme iron include nuts, beans, vegetables, and fortified grain products.
Spinach contains an appreciable amount of iron, a 100-g serving of cooked spinach contains 3.57 mg of iron. Spinach is also an excellent source of vitamin K, vitamin A, vitamin C and folic acid as well as being a good source of manganese, magnesium, iron and vitamin B2. Vitamin K is important for maintaining bone health and it is difficult to find vegetables richer in vitamin K than spinach.
You might not become so strong as Popeye, but a try cannot hurt.
The horseshoe is for "Good luck to anyone"!
CON LA NAVAJA DEL 100-400 MM
Orden:Anseriformes
Familia:Anatidae
Subfamilia:Anserinae
Genero:Anser
Nombres comunes:Anser indicus, Ánsar Calvo, Ansar Indio
Nombre cientifico:Anser indicus
Nombre ingles:Bar-headed goose
Lugar de captura: Beijing, China
Por: Cimarron mayor Panta.
UN LIFER TITAN DE LAS ALTURAS( 10,000 METROS COMO LOS AVIONES)
Dicen que acompañó a Sir EDMUND HILLARY el primero en conquistar la cima DEL EVEREST Y REGRESAR CON VIDA! Un titán de las alturas que en su migración es capaz de sobrevolar por encima de las cumbres del Himalaya!!
Y ESTO ES LO QUE CUENTA LA LITERATURA SOBRE ESTA ESPECIE.!
Procedente del sur, el zumbido distante se convirtió en llamada. Entonces, como si salieran de las estrellas sobre mi cabeza, escuché el graznido de los ánsares calvos". Así describe el naturalista Lawrence Swan, que acompañó a Sir Edmud Hillary en sus expediciones al Everest, su encuentro con los ánsares índicos en las alturas del Himalaya. No es la primera vez que se avista a estas aves en lugares inesperados, algunos testimonios las sitúan a alturas de hasta 10.000 metros, la altitud a la que viajan los aviones comerciales.
El viaje de los ánsares calvos ( Anser indicus) sobre las cimas del Himalaya es una de las migraciones más misteriosas e interesantes del reino animal. Cada año, estas aves regresan a Mongolia después de pasar el invierno en a India a nivel del mar. En el camino tienen que salvar montañas de más de 5.000 metros y ascender hasta una altura donde la presión atmosférica y los niveles de oxígeno se reducen a la mitad.
¿Cómo lo hacen? ¿Qué condiciones físicas necesitan? ¿Cuánto tardan en completar el viaje? Un grupo de científicos indios y británicos acaban de publicar los resultados de sus investigaciones en Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, después de monitorizar a los gansos, registrar las rutas y altitud de sus vuelos a través del satélite y analizar sus constantes vitales en su migración sobre el Himalaya. Y las conclusiones son particularmente interesantes: los gansos no solo no aprovechan los vientos a favor, sino que suelen eludir estas condiciones y pasan el Himalaya a puro "golpe de ala" en una sola jornada.
Ascensión extrema
El viaje de los gansos, apunta el estudio, es "particularmente impresionante" si tenemos en cuenta que un humano que se enfrentara con un cambio extremo de elevación como éste "se enfrentaría al mal de altura, edema pulmonar e incluso la muerte". Ni siquiera otras aves podrían realizar este tipo de ascensión y esto se debe a las condiciones físicas privilegiadas de este tipo de gansos: tienen unos pulmones más grandes, una hemoglobina más eficiente y una estructura ósea y muscular que permite aprovechar mejor el oxígeno.
Los datos del satélite indican que los gansos emplean una media de 8 horas para cruzar el Himalaya en dirección norte y que lo hacen a una velocidad media de 61,2 km/h. El ascenso se produce a una media de 1 kilómetro de altura cada hora, aunque en algún caso las aves ascendían hasta 2 kilómetros en este período. Durante el vuelo, los gansos nunca pierden el terreno de vista, y vuelan a una media de entre 100 y 300 metros sobre las escarpadas cimas del Himalaya.
El vuelo de regreso desde Nepal, en dirección sur, es significativamente más rápido al no tener que salvar una altitud tan grande en primera instancia, y algunos ejemplares apenas tardaron dos horas.
Uno de los aspectos más importantes del estudio era determinar si los gansos aprovechaban las corrientes de aire para realizar su viaje y ahorrar energía. Los investigadores han descubierto que la mayoría de ascensos se producían durante la noche y primera hora de la mañana, antes de las 10 h. A estas horas, la velocidad de los vientos es significativamente menor, pero este hecho les permite evitar el tiempo tormentoso y tener un control aerodinámico más seguro.
"Parecen tener la capacidad de hacer estas ascensiones con sus propias energías y sin ningún tipo de ayuda", asegura Charles Bishop, uno de los investigadores. Las aves cruzan el Himalaya en las horas que les permiten volar con más seguridad, en condiciones atmosféricas que permiten optimizar el aprovechamiento del escaso oxígeno y evitar el calentamiento extra de las alas en las horas más duras de sol.
En contrapartida, los gansos deben completar su viaje a golpe de músculo y sin la ventaja del viento pero, con esas condiciones para el vuelo de altura, ¿quién lo necesita?
Fuente: Lainformación . com
Here's another shot from my late August trip to the Svartkällsskogens nature reserve which ended in an involontary swim (long story here: www.flickr.com/photos/tinyturtle/52324967245/).
Finding a spider with slings on the back like this immediately tells us it is a wolf spider - and of course a female.
But getting the exact species is a little trickier. This is one of the species in the Pardosa lugubris group, P. saltans, P. alacris and of course P. lugubris. They, especially the females, are extremely similar so the ID here ends with Pardosa in the lugubris group.
If you zoom in on the spiderlings clinging to their mother's abdomen, you'll see that they have blue legs. This isn't an external colour, but actually the hemolymph, the spiderlings' blood showing through the insanely thin exoskeleton of their legs.
Unlike mammalian blood which uses hemoglobin, containing iron to transport oxygen, spiders have hemocyanin with copper, making it light blue instead.
Part 1 here: www.flickr.com/photos/tinyturtle/52332974892/
Part 2 here: www.flickr.com/photos/tinyturtle/52465744158/
Luminol is a white-to-pale-yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in most polar organic solvents, but insoluble in water. Forensic investigators use luminol to detect trace amounts of blood at crime scenes, as it reacts with the iron in hemoglobin.
PLEASE, NO invitations or self promotions, THEY WILL BE DELETED. My photos are FREE to use, just give me credit and it would be nice if you let me know, thanks.
When I reached the waterfront there were coves I had to go around and a cranberry bog that I had to go through as I made my way along the coast. There were a couple of small sandy beaches but most of the coastline was made of medium sized rocks that made the walking very hard. I have pointed this out before (trying to stress how hard this was on me) that I am anemic (my hemoglobin is 99 at last check and normal is 140-160), I get going and after a awhile it is like someone turned off a switch and my body just doesn't want to move.
A Bhutanese yak farmer and his animal. In the distance are rhododendron bushes in the full bloom of spring. Rhodies are native to this part of the world. Yaks are remarkably adapted to living in high altitude, including having bigger hearts and lungs compared to cattle. Their blood has a higher concentration of hemoglobin to aid in oxygen transport. Yaks have a thick, wooly undercoat and long guard hairs that provide insulation, and this makes their wool softer, warmer, and more durable compared to sheep wool.
Limão taiti.
Uma das frutas mais conhecidas e usadas no mundo, de aplicações variadas no cotidiano, o limão Taiti é usado na culinária como tempero para peixes, frutos do mar, carnes de embutidos, aves e saladas. É apreciado, também, na preparação de bolos e doces em geral, sem falar na famosa caipirinha brasileira.
Suas propriedades medicinais são tantas que é difícil enumerá-las. Além de fonte poderosa de vitamina C, aos limões são atribuídos vários poderes curativos, entre os quais o de atuar como antibiótico natural e como regulador das taxas de colesterol do organismo. Contém ainda uma substância chamada “limonemo” que combate os radicais livres, ajuda na manutenção do colágeno, da hemoglobina e atua como antisséptico. Seu consumo regular é de grande importância para a preservação da saúde e para promover a longevidade.
( www.cpt.com.br/cursos-fruticultura-agricultura/artigos/li... ).
The yellow-billed pintail (Anas georgica) is a South American dabbling duck of the genus Anas with three described subspecies.
The yellow-billed pintail was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the ducks, geese, and swans in the genus Anas and coined the binomial name Anas georgica. Gmelin based his description on the "Georgia duck" that had been described in 1785 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his A General Synopsis of Birds. The naturalist Joseph Banks had provided Latham with a water-colour drawing of the duck by Georg Forster who had accompanied James Cook on his second voyage to the Pacific Ocean. The watercolour was painted in 1775 in South Georgia. This picture is now the holotype for the species and is held by the Natural History Museum in London. The genus name Anas is the Latin word for a duck.
Three subspecies are recognised:
A. g. niceforoi Wetmore & Borrero, 1946 – east-central Colombia (extinct)
A. g. spinicauda Vieillot, 1816 – south Colombia to south Argentina, south Chile, and the Falkland Islands
A. g. georgica Gmelin, JF, 1789 – South Georgia
The yellow-billed pintail has a brown head and neck. The bill is yellow with a black tip and a black stripe down the middle. The tail is brownish and pointed. The upper wing is grayish-brown, and the secondaries are blackish-green. The rest of the body is buffish brown with varying-sized black spots. The species is sometimes confused with yellow-billed teal (Anas flavirostris) but can be differentiated by the yellow stripes on its bill, its larger size, and its tendency not to form large groups. The nominate subspecies is smaller and darker than Anas g. spinicauda. The yellow-billed pintail forms a superspecies with the northern pintail (Anas acuta).
The range includes much of South America, the Falkland Islands, and South Georgia. The nominate and smallest subspecies, the South Georgia pintail A. g. georgica, is thought to number between 1000 and 1500 pairs and is found only in South Georgia. The Chilean, or brown, pintail A. g. spinicauda is widespread on the South American mainland from extreme southern Colombia southwards, as well as in the Falkland Islands, and numbers well over 110,000. Niceforo's pintail A. g. niceforoi, formerly found in central Colombia, is believed to be extinct, having been last recorded in 1952 (and described only in 1946). Their habitat ranges from high-elevation lakes and marshes to low-elevation lakes and rivers and coasts in open country.
The nest is placed on the ground in vegetation close to water. It is lined with grass and down. The clutch is 4 to 10 eggs which hatch after incubation for around 26 days. The chicks have dark brown down above and yellow down below.
In high-altitude populations of yellow-billed pintail, hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than in lower-altitude populations, which can be attributable to substitutions in their beta-globin gene. These substitutions are shared by speckled teal because of introgressive hybridization between the two species. Gene flow between populations also suggests that yellow-billed pintails that are heterozygous for the βA hemoglobin subunit may be able to acclimate to high altitudes more efficiently than those that are homozygous for the βA hemoglobin subunit.
UN ABBRACCIO MORTALE
Le proprietà delle noci sono numerose. Esse contengono sali minerali, oligoelementi ed elettroliti, tra i quali fosforo, potassio, magnesio, calcio, rame (necessario per la sintesi dell’emoglobina e per gli ormoni), zinco (un importante immunomodulatore) e ferro, oltre ad una buona quantità di acidi grassi omega 3, utili per tenere sotto controllo gli zuccheri e ottime per la salute del cuore.
Note tratte dal sito:
www.frescosenso.it/lifestyle/benessere/noci-valori-nutriz...
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A DEADLY EMBRACE
The properties of walnuts are numerous. They contain mineral salts, trace elements and electrolytes, including phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper (necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin and hormones), zinc (an important immunomodulator) and iron, as well as a good quantity of omega 3 fatty acids, useful for keeping sugars under control and excellent for heart health.
CANON EOS 6D Mark II con ob. CANON EF 100 mm f./2,8 L Macro IS USM
To view more of my images, of Carrion and Birds of Prey, please click "here" !
Please, no group invites; thank you!
From the Archieves, reprocessed using Photoshop CC 2021.
Rüppell's vulture or Rüppell's Griffon Vulture (Gyps rueppellii) is a large vulture that occurs throughout the Sahel region of central Africa. The current population of 30,000 is decreasing due to loss of habitat, deliberate poisoning by ivory poachers and other factors. Known also as Rüppell's griffon, Rueppell's griffon, Rüppell's griffin vulture, Rueppell's vulture and other variants, Rüppell's vulture is named in honor of Eduard Rüppell, a 19th-century German explorer, collector, and zoologist. Rüppell's vulture is considered to be the highest-flying bird, with confirmed evidence of a flight at an altitude of 11,300 m above sea level. These are large vultures, noticeably outsizing the closely related white-backed vulture, with which they often co-occur in the wild. Adults are 85 to 103 cm long, with a wingspan of 2.26 to 2.6 metres, and a weight that ranges from 6.4 to 9 kg Both genders look alike: mottled brown or black overall with a whitish-brown underbelly and thin, dirty-white fluff covering the head and neck. The base of the neck has a white collar, the eye is yellow or amber, the crop patch deep brown. Silent as a rule, they become vocal at their nest and when at a carcass, squealing a great deal. Rüppell's vultures are very social, roosting, nesting, and gathering to feed in large flocks. They are relatively slow birds, cruising at 35 kilometres per hour, but fly for 6-7 hours every day and will fly as far as 150 kilometres from a nest site to find food. Rüppell's vultures commonly fly at altitudes as high as 6,000 metres . The birds have a specialized variant of the hemoglobin alphaD subunit; this protein has a great affinity for oxygen, which allows the species to absorb oxygen efficiently despite the low partial pressure in the upper troposphere. A Rüppell's vulture was confirmed to have been ingested by a jet engine of an airplane flying over Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire on November 29, 1973 at an altitude of 11,300 m During August 2010 a Rüppell's vulture escaped a bird of prey site in Scotland, prompting warnings to pilots in the area to watch carefully due to the danger of collision. Rüppell's vultures have several adaptations to their diet and are specialized feeders even among the Old World vultures of Africa. They have an especially powerful build and, after the most attractive soft parts of a carcass have been consumed, they will continue with the hide, and even the bones, gorging themselves until they can barely fly. They have backward-pointing spines on the tongue to help remove meat from bone. Despite their size, power and adaptations, they are not the most dominant vulture in their range, which is considered to be the even larger lappet-faced vulture. ]Since first being assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature during 1988, populations of Rüppell's vulture have decreased. The species has been listed with an IUCN Red List status of "near threatened" since 2007 and the IUCN predicts that populations of the species will continue to decrease. During 2012 the species was given Endangered status. Since 1992, Rüppell's vulture has been occurring as a vagrant in Spain and Portugal, with annual records since 1997, mainly in the Cadiz / Straits of Gibraltar area, but also further north.
The Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus) is a goose which breeds in Central Asia in colonies of thousands near mountain lakes and winters in South Asia, as far south as peninsular India. It lays three to eight eggs at a time in a ground nest.
C'est l'un des oiseaux volant le plus haut. Elle a été observée à plus de 10 km d'altitude. Le rapport de sa surface alaire à son poids est légèrement supérieur à celui des autres oies, ce qui pourrait l'aider à voler plus haut1. Des études ont montré que sa respiration est plus efficace dans des conditions pauvres en oxygène et qu'elle est capable de réduire les pertes thermiques. L'hémoglobine de son sang a une plus haute affinité à l'oxygène que celle des autres oies.
Cette espèce se rencontre dans le centre de l'Asie (essentiellement en Mongolie et en Chine) où elle fréquente les lacs de haute montagne. L'oie à tête barrée est une espèce migratrice qui passe l'hiver dans le nord de l'Inde et les régions voisines.
Source : Wikipedia
The yellow-billed pintail (Anas georgica) is a South American dabbling duck of the genus Anas with three described subspecies.
The yellow-billed pintail was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the ducks, geese, and swans in the genus Anas and coined the binomial name Anas georgica. Gmelin based his description on the "Georgia duck" that had been described in 1785 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his A General Synopsis of Birds. The naturalist Joseph Banks had provided Latham with a water-colour drawing of the duck by Georg Forster who had accompanied James Cook on his second voyage to the Pacific Ocean. The watercolour was painted in 1775 in South Georgia. This picture is now the holotype for the species and is held by the Natural History Museum in London. The genus name Anas is the Latin word for a duck.
Three subspecies are recognised:
A. g. niceforoi Wetmore & Borrero, 1946 – east-central Colombia (extinct)
A. g. spinicauda Vieillot, 1816 – south Colombia to south Argentina, south Chile, and the Falkland Islands
A. g. georgica Gmelin, JF, 1789 – South Georgia
The yellow-billed pintail has a brown head and neck. The bill is yellow with a black tip and a black stripe down the middle. The tail is brownish and pointed. The upper wing is grayish-brown, and the secondaries are blackish-green. The rest of the body is buffish brown with varying-sized black spots. The species is sometimes confused with yellow-billed teal (Anas flavirostris) but can be differentiated by the yellow stripes on its bill, its larger size, and its tendency not to form large groups. The nominate subspecies is smaller and darker than Anas g. spinicauda. The yellow-billed pintail forms a superspecies with the northern pintail (Anas acuta).
The range includes much of South America, the Falkland Islands, and South Georgia. The nominate and smallest subspecies, the South Georgia pintail A. g. georgica, is thought to number between 1000 and 1500 pairs and is found only in South Georgia. The Chilean, or brown, pintail A. g. spinicauda is widespread on the South American mainland from extreme southern Colombia southwards, as well as in the Falkland Islands, and numbers well over 110,000. Niceforo's pintail A. g. niceforoi, formerly found in central Colombia, is believed to be extinct, having been last recorded in 1952 (and described only in 1946). Their habitat ranges from high-elevation lakes and marshes to low-elevation lakes and rivers and coasts in open country.
The nest is placed on the ground in vegetation close to water. It is lined with grass and down. The clutch is 4 to 10 eggs which hatch after incubation for around 26 days. The chicks have dark brown down above and yellow down below.
In high-altitude populations of yellow-billed pintail, hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than in lower-altitude populations, which can be attributable to substitutions in their beta-globin gene. These substitutions are shared by speckled teal because of introgressive hybridization between the two species. Gene flow between populations also suggests that yellow-billed pintails that are heterozygous for the βA hemoglobin subunit may be able to acclimate to high altitudes more efficiently than those that are homozygous for the βA hemoglobin subunit.
To view more of my images, of Carrion and Birds of Prey, please click "here" !
From deep in the achieves, reprocessed using Photoshop CC 2020!
Rüppell's vulture or Rüppell's Griffon Vulture (Gyps rueppellii) is a large vulture that occurs throughout the Sahel region of central Africa. The current population of 30,000 is decreasing due to loss of habitat, deliberate poisoning by ivory poachers and other factors. Known also as Rüppell's griffon, Rueppell's griffon, Rüppell's griffin vulture, Rueppell's vulture and other variants, Rüppell's vulture is named in honor of Eduard Rüppell, a 19th-century German explorer, collector, and zoologist. Rüppell's vulture is considered to be the highest-flying bird, with confirmed evidence of a flight at an altitude of 11,300 m above sea level. These are large vultures, noticeably outsizing the closely related white-backed vulture, with which they often co-occur in the wild. Adults are 85 to 103 cm long, with a wingspan of 2.26 to 2.6 metres, and a weight that ranges from 6.4 to 9 kg Both genders look alike: mottled brown or black overall with a whitish-brown underbelly and thin, dirty-white fluff covering the head and neck. The base of the neck has a white collar, the eye is yellow or amber, the crop patch deep brown. Silent as a rule, they become vocal at their nest and when at a carcass, squealing a great deal. Rüppell's vultures are very social, roosting, nesting, and gathering to feed in large flocks. They are relatively slow birds, cruising at 35 kilometres per hour, but fly for 6-7 hours every day and will fly as far as 150 kilometres from a nest site to find food. Rüppell's vultures commonly fly at altitudes as high as 6,000 metres . The birds have a specialized variant of the hemoglobin alphaD subunit; this protein has a great affinity for oxygen, which allows the species to absorb oxygen efficiently despite the low partial pressure in the upper troposphere. A Rüppell's vulture was confirmed to have been ingested by a jet engine of an airplane flying over Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire on November 29, 1973 at an altitude of 11,300 m During August 2010 a Rüppell's vulture escaped a bird of prey site in Scotland, prompting warnings to pilots in the area to watch carefully due to the danger of collision. Rüppell's vultures have several adaptations to their diet and are specialized feeders even among the Old World vultures of Africa. They have an especially powerful build and, after the most attractive soft parts of a carcass have been consumed, they will continue with the hide, and even the bones, gorging themselves until they can barely fly. They have backward-pointing spines on the tongue to help remove meat from bone. Despite their size, power and adaptations, they are not the most dominant vulture in their range, which is considered to be the even larger lappet-faced vulture.[11]Since first being assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature during 1988, populations of Rüppell's vulture have decreased. The species has been listed with an IUCN Red List status of "near threatened" since 2007 and the IUCN predicts that populations of the species will continue to decrease.[12] During 2012 the species was given Endangered status. Since 1992, Rüppell's vulture has been occurring as a vagrant in Spain and Portugal, with annual records since 1997, mainly in the Cadiz / Straits of Gibraltar area, but also further north.
Bankham ZTo view more of my images, of Carrion and Birds of Prey, please click "here" !
Rüppell's vulture or Rüppell's Griffon Vulture (Gyps rueppellii) is a large vulture that occurs throughout the Sahel region of central Africa. The current population of 30,000 is decreasing due to loss of habitat, deliberate poisoning by ivory poachers and other factors. Known also as Rüppell's griffon, Rueppell's griffon, Rüppell's griffin vulture, Rueppell's vulture and other variants, Rüppell's vulture is named in honor of Eduard Rüppell, a 19th-century German explorer, collector, and zoologist. Rüppell's vulture is considered to be the highest-flying bird, with confirmed evidence of a flight at an altitude of 11,300 m above sea level. These are large vultures, noticeably outsizing the closely related white-backed vulture, with which they often co-occur in the wild. Adults are 85 to 103 cm long, with a wingspan of 2.26 to 2.6 metres, and a weight that ranges from 6.4 to 9 kg Both genders look alike: mottled brown or black overall with a whitish-brown underbelly and thin, dirty-white fluff covering the head and neck. The base of the neck has a white collar, the eye is yellow or amber, the crop patch deep brown. Silent as a rule, they become vocal at their nest and when at a carcass, squealing a great deal. Rüppell's vultures are very social, roosting, nesting, and gathering to feed in large flocks. They are relatively slow birds, cruising at 35 kilometres per hour, but fly for 6-7 hours every day and will fly as far as 150 kilometres from a nest site to find food. Rüppell's vultures commonly fly at altitudes as high as 6,000 metres . The birds have a specialized variant of the hemoglobin alphaD subunit; this protein has a great affinity for oxygen, which allows the species to absorb oxygen efficiently despite the low partial pressure in the upper troposphere. A Rüppell's vulture was confirmed to have been ingested by a jet engine of an airplane flying over Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire on November 29, 1973 at an altitude of 11,300 m During August 2010 a Rüppell's vulture escaped a bird of prey site in Scotland, prompting warnings to pilots in the area to watch carefully due to the danger of collision. Rüppell's vultures have several adaptations to their diet and are specialized feeders even among the Old World vultures of Africa. They have an especially powerful build and, after the most attractive soft parts of a carcass have been consumed, they will continue with the hide, and even the bones, gorging themselves until they can barely fly. They have backward-pointing spines on the tongue to help remove meat from bone. Despite their size, power and adaptations, they are not the most dominant vulture in their range, which is considered to be the even larger lappet-faced vulture.[11]Since first being assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature during 1988, populations of Rüppell's vulture have decreased. The species has been listed with an IUCN Red List status of "near threatened" since 2007 and the IUCN predicts that populations of the species will continue to decrease.[12] During 2012 the species was given Endangered status. Since 1992, Rüppell's vulture has been occurring as a vagrant in Spain and Portugal, with annual records since 1997, mainly in the Cadiz / Straits of Gibraltar area, but also further north.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
oo
The benefits of honey bee
In the level of fats reduce body Honey contributes to the prevention of many: Obesity,
heart disease and arteriosclerosis. Anne found his role in the ratio of cholesterol and lipids in the blood == blood and its increased promotion of hemoglobin Many found that it is an effective role in the blood research of honey regulate the pressure and increase the proportion of hemoglobin in it. == Treatment of wounds and burns Contains the enzyme responsible for honey bee production of hydrogen peroxide, which makes it useful in the treatment of wounds and pain relief, and disinfection and prevent bacteria and bacteria from growing.
Several studies have shown that the topical use of honey on surface burns helps to heal them in a large and effective proportion and help to heal wounds faster
فوائد عسل النحل
في مستوى الدهنيات خفض الجسم يساهم عسل النحل (كونه بديلا للمحليات المكررة والمصنعة) في الوقاية من العديد من: مشاكل السمنة، امراض القلب وتصلبات الشرايين. وجد آن له حيث دور في نسبة الكوليسترول والدهنيات في الدم == الدم وزيادته تعزيز هيموجلوبين وجدت العديد آن من دور فعال في الدم الأبحاث للعسل تنظيم ضغط وزيادة نسبة الهيموجلوبين فيه. == علاج الجروح والحروق يحتوى على الانزيم المسئول عن عسل النحل انتاج بيروكسيد الهيدروجين، مما يجعله مفيدا في علاج الجروح وتخفيف الألم، وتطهيرها ومنع الجراثيم والبكتيريا من النمو.
وأثبتت العديد من الدراسات آن الاستخدام الموضعي للعسل على الحروق السطحية يساعد في شفائها بنسبه كبيرة وفعاله والمساعدة في التؤام الجروح بشكل أسرع
To view more of my images, of Carrion and Birds of Prey, please click
"here !
From the Achieves, reprocessed using Photoshop CC 2022!
Please, no group invites; thank you!
Rüppell's vulture or Rüppell's Griffon Vulture (Gyps rueppellii) is a large vulture that occurs throughout the Sahel region of central Africa. The current population of 30,000 is decreasing due to loss of habitat, deliberate poisoning by ivory poachers and other factors. Known also as Rüppell's griffon, Rueppell's griffon, Rüppell's griffin vulture, Rueppell's vulture and other variants, Rüppell's vulture is named in honor of Eduard Rüppell, a 19th-century German explorer, collector, and zoologist. Rüppell's vulture is considered to be the highest-flying bird, with confirmed evidence of a flight at an altitude of 11,300 m above sea level. These are large vultures, noticeably outsizing the closely related white-backed vulture, with which they often co-occur in the wild. Adults are 85 to 103 cm long, with a wingspan of 2.26 to 2.6 metres, and a weight that ranges from 6.4 to 9 kg Both genders look alike: mottled brown or black overall with a whitish-brown underbelly and thin, dirty-white fluff covering the head and neck. The base of the neck has a white collar, the eye is yellow or amber, the crop patch deep brown. Silent as a rule, they become vocal at their nest and when at a carcass, squealing a great deal. Rüppell's vultures are very social, roosting, nesting, and gathering to feed in large flocks. They are relatively slow birds, cruising at 35 kilometres per hour, but fly for 6-7 hours every day and will fly as far as 150 kilometres from a nest site to find food. Rüppell's vultures commonly fly at altitudes as high as 6,000 metres . The birds have a specialized variant of the hemoglobin alphaD subunit; this protein has a great affinity for oxygen, which allows the species to absorb oxygen efficiently despite the low partial pressure in the upper troposphere. A Rüppell's vulture was confirmed to have been ingested by a jet engine of an airplane flying over Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire on November 29, 1973 at an altitude of 11,300 m During August 2010 a Rüppell's vulture escaped a bird of prey site in Scotland, prompting warnings to pilots in the area to watch carefully due to the danger of collision. Rüppell's vultures have several adaptations to their diet and are specialized feeders even among the Old World vultures of Africa. They have an especially powerful build and, after the most attractive soft parts of a carcass have been consumed, they will continue with the hide, and even the bones, gorging themselves until they can barely fly. They have backward-pointing spines on the tongue to help remove meat from bone. Despite their size, power and adaptations, they are not the most dominant vulture in their range, which is considered to be the even larger lappet-faced vulture.[11]Since first being assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature during 1988, populations of Rüppell's vulture have decreased. The species has been listed with an IUCN Red List status of "near threatened" since 2007 and the IUCN predicts that populations of the species will continue to decrease.[12] During 2012 the species was given Endangered status. Since 1992, Rüppell's vulture has been occurring as a vagrant in Spain and Portugal, with annual records since 1997, mainly in the Cadiz / Straits of Gibraltar area, but also further north.
PLEASE, NO invitations or self promotions, THEY WILL BE DELETED. My photos are FREE to use, just give me credit and it would be nice if you let me know, thanks.
When I reached the waterfront there were coves I had to go around and a cranberry bog that I had to go through as I made my way along the coast. There were a couple of small sandy beaches but most of the coastline was made of medium sized rocks that made the walking very hard. I have pointed this out before (trying to stress how hard this was on me) that I am anemic (my hemoglobin is 99 at last check and normal is 140-160), I get going and after a awhile it is like someone turned off a switch and my body just doesn't want to move.
Luminol is a white-to-pale-yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in most polar organic solvents, but insoluble in water. Forensic investigators use luminol to detect trace amounts of blood at crime scenes, as it reacts with the iron in hemoglobin.
We still eat whale meat in the Faroe Islands; I may still have some of this meat in the freezer. (Eat at most once a month, thanks to pollution.)
I have - as I usually do - enhanced the color a bit. See Sea of Blood for unedited hemoglobin color.
Red list: Lower risk/least concern. 2008 update: Now listed as Data Deficient. But please note that whaling is not listed among possible threats: anthropogenic sound, bycatch, entanglement in fisheries and competition with squid fisheries.
Update: added to the bluelist pool as a 'recommended travel experience'. But I can't really recommend planning on seeing a pilot hunt, because they are rare and random. The trip I was on - small boat out to Skúvoy and walking around on the island - is itself worth recommending. Then I must 'recommend' that you happen to be in the 3rd boat to join the hunt. (I've been living here for 18 years and seen 3 hunts so far.)
Then there is the question whether you want to see this.
(Foolish word play: The pilot whale is not on the redlist, it's on the bluelist.)
54 whales - totaling 395 skinn. About 20 tons of meat and 10 tons of blubber.
Weird: Linked to from Destroyer Porn + Carolina Drought
Used with permission in Ralph.
Used with permission at Blaque's Blog of Horrors - sad irony indeed.
Used with permission in Polarfronten 1/09.
Used without permission at www.lifeinthefastlane.ca/gruesome-whale-and-dolphin-blood...
Used with permission at societe.fluctuat.net/diaporamas/iles-feroe-le-mercure-sau...
"Palm jaggery is loaded with essential nutrients. It is high in iron which helps in treating anemia by increasing the hemoglobin level. It also contains magnesium, which helps in regulating the nervous system. It is equally rich in calcium, phosphorus, and potassium."
My pulse rate is 79 to 80 beats per minute. 🌞
Baruch HaShem! !ברוך השם
Blessed is The Name!!
___________________________________
SpO2 Defined as Peripheral Oxygen Saturation
incenter.medical.philips.com/doclib/enc/fetch/586262/5864...
Introduction
The body's need for oxygen is certain. Its availability at a tissue level is some- times in doubt. Blood gas measurements provide critical information regard- ing oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base status.
However, these measurements only provide a snapshot of the patient's condition taken at the time that the blood sample was drawn. It is well known that oxygenation can change very quickly. In the absence of continuous oxygenation monitoring, these changes may go undetected until it is too late.
Pulse oximeters measure blood oxygen saturation noninvasively and continuously.
What is SpO2?
A blood-oxygen saturation reading indicates the percentage of hemoglobin molecules in the arterial blood which are saturated with oxygen. The reading may be referred to as SaO2. Readings vary from 0 to 100%. Normal readings in a healthy adult, however, range from 94% to 100%.
The term SpO2 means the SaO2 measurement determined by pulse oximetry. As explained in the section "Considerations When Using Pulse Oximetry," under some circumstances pulse oximetry gives different readings, and the use of a different term indicates this.
How Does Pulse Oximetry Work?
Within the Sp02 sensor, light emitting diodes shine red and infrared light through the tissue. Most sensors work on extremities such as a finger, toe or ear. The blood, tissue and bone at the application site absorb much of the light. However, some light passes through the extremity. A light-sensitive detector opposite the light source receives it.
SpO2 Sensors
Most sensors work on extremities such as a finger, toe or ear. The sensor measures the amount of red and infrared light received by the detector and calcu- lates the amount absorbed. Much of it is absorbed by tissue, bone and venous blood, but these amounts do not change dramatically over short periods of time.
The amount of arterial blood does change over short periods of time due to pulsation (although there is some constant level of arterial blood). Because the arterial blood is usually the only light absorbing component which is changing over short periods of time, it can be isolated from the other compo- cents.
_______________________________________________
Oxygen Saturation As Presented in Wikipedia:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_saturation_(medicine)
Oxygen saturation is a term referring to the fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood. The human body requires and regulates a very precise and specific balance of oxygen in the blood. Normal blood oxygen levels in humans are considered 95-100 percent. If the level is below 90 percent, it is considered low resulting in hypoxemia.[1] Blood oxygen levels below 80 percent may compromise organ function, such as the brain and heart, and should be promptly addressed. Continued low oxygen levels may lead to respiratory or cardiac arrest. Oxygen therapy may be used to assist in raising blood oxygen levels. Oxygenation occurs when oxygen molecules (O
2) enter the tissues of the body. For example, blood is oxygenated in the lungs, where oxygen molecules travel from the air and into the blood. Oxygenation is commonly used to refer to medical oxygen saturation.
Contents [hide]
1Definition
2Physiology
3Measurement
4Pulse oximetry
5Medical significance
6See also
7References
8External links
Definition[edit]
In medicine, oxygen saturation (SO2), commonly referred to as "sats," measures the percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen.[2] At low partial pressures of oxygen, most hemoglobin is deoxygenated. At around 90% (the value varies according to the clinical context) oxygen saturation increases according to an oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve and approaches 100% at partial oxygen pressures of >10 kPa. A pulse oximeter relies on the light absorption characteristics of saturated hemoglobin to give an indication of oxygen saturation.
Physiology
The body maintains a stable level of oxygen saturation for the most part by chemical processes of aerobic metabolism associated with breathing. Using the respiratory system, red blood cells, specifically the hemoglobin, gather oxygen in the lungs and distribute it to the rest of the body. The needs of the body's blood oxygen may fluctuate such as during exercise when more oxygen is required [3] or when living at higher altitudes. A blood cell is said to be "saturated" when carrying a normal amount of oxygen.[4] Both too high and too low levels can have adverse effects on the body.
Measurement[edit]
An SaO2 (arterial oxygen saturation, as determined by an arterial blood gas test[5]) value below 90% causes hypoxemia (which can also be caused by anemia). Hypoxemia due to low SaO2 is indicated by cyanosis. Oxygen saturation can be measured in different tissues:
Venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) is measured to see how much oxygen the body consumes. Under clinical treatment, a SvO2 below 60% indicates that the body is in lack of oxygen, and ischemic diseases occur. This measurement is often used under treatment with a heart-lung machine (extracorporeal circulation), and can give the perfusionist an idea of how much flow the patient needs to stay healthy.
Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) can be measured by near infrared spectroscopy. Although the measurements are still widely discussed, they give an idea of tissue oxygenation in various conditions.
Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) is an estimation of the oxygen saturation level usually measured with a pulse oximeter device. It can be calculated with pulse oximetry according to the following formula:
SpO2 = HbO2/ (HbO2 + Hb)
Example: Pulse Oximeter
Pulse oximetry is a method used to estimate the percentage of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in the blood. This approximation to SaO2 is designated SpO2 (peripheral oxygen saturation). The pulse oximeter consists of a small device that clips to the body (typically a finger, earlobe or an infants foot) and transfers its readings to a reading meter by wire or wirelessly. The device uses light-emitting diodes in conjunction with a light-sensitive sensor to measure the absorption of red and infrared light in the extremity. The difference in absorption between oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin makes the calculation possible.[5]
Medical significance
Effects of decreased oxygen saturation[6]
SaO2Effect
85% and aboveNo evidence of impairment
65% and lessImpaired mental function on average
55% and lessLoss of consciousness on average
Healthy individuals at sea level usually exhibit oxygen saturation values between 96% and 99%, and should be above 94%. At 1600 meters altitude (about one mile high) oxygen saturation should be above 92%.[7]
An SaO2 (arterial oxygen saturation) value below 90% causes hypoxia (which can also be caused by anemia). Hypoxia due to low SaO2 is indicated by cyanosis, but oxygen saturation does not directly reflect tissue oxygenation. The affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen may impair or enhance oxygen release at the tissue level. Oxygen is more readily released to the tissues (i.e., hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen) when pH is decreased, body temperature is increased, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) is increased, and 2,3-DPG levels (a byproduct of glucose metabolism also found in stored blood products) are increased. When the hemoglobin has greater affinity for oxygen, less is available to the tissues. Conditions such as increased pH, decreased temperature, decreased PaCO2, and decreased 2,3-DPG will increase oxygen binding to the hemoglobin and limit its release to the tissue.[8]
Essas cores são fantásticas!!
Iratauá-grande - Gymnomystax mexicanus
Oriole Blackbird
Mario Martins, obrigada pela identificação!!
"A melanina é um pigmento produzido pela pele. Sua função na coloração da plumagem das aves é fundamental: sem ela o azul e o verde não existiriam e o pavão seria todo branco.
Os pigmentos são substâncias coloridas, de origem mineral ou orgânica, que dão origem à maior parte das cores do nosso meio. Nos seres vivos, alguns pigmentos dotados de propriedades particulares, são indispensáveis à vida. É o caso - nos vegetais - da clorofila. Nos animais, a hemoglobina, que dá ao sangue a sua cor vermelha, assegurando o transporte de gás (oxigênio) saído da respiração.
A melanina, que deve seu nome à sua cor negra, não é assim tão indispensável, mas a sua abundância na natureza e as suas propriedades fazem com que ela desempenhe uma função não menos importante. As aves são, com os insetos, os seres vivos que fazem o mais belo uso dela, uma vez que eles devem o essencial ao seu adorno.
Os melanócitos estão situados na derme, sob a camada geradora da pele. A pena é produzida por um folículo que corresponde a uma elevação da ectoderme. Os melanócitos migram então para o folículo e vão colonizar a futura pena. Esses passam por sua base, se bem que sua extremidade se forma em primeiro lugar.
Finos prolongamentos permitem aos melanócitos injetarem, com precisão, a melanina na pena. Disso resultam desenhos muito precisos (finas estrias, pontuações etc.).
A melanina é, antes de tudo, um pigmento. E a cor de um pigmento depende das radiações que ele reenvia: é amarelo se reenvia amarelo, marrom se reenvia marrom, branco se ele reenvia igualmente todas as radiações, e negro se não reenvia nenhuma. Neste último caso, toda a luz recebida é absorvida.
Por ser uma proteína, contribui assim para tornar as penas mais robustas. Dessa forma é que o eixo de muitas penas, principalmente as de vôo (asas e cauda), é inteiramente impregnado de melanina marrom ou, mais comumente, de melanina negra.
As cores das plumagens têm para as aves uma grande importância; elas são a carteira de identidade da ave e têm uma função numa linhagem, principalmente no período de reprodução. O aparecimento de uma plumagem nupcial, os cortejos que acompanham a formação do casal, são igualmente indícios da importância da cor da plumagem nas aves e com ela, a importância da melanina."
(Atualidades Ornitológicas - Revista SOBC 2002)
Oie à tête barrée
ANSER INDICUS
L'oie à tête barrée mesure entre 71 et 76 cm pour une masse de 2 à 3 kg. Elle est facilement reconnaissable grâce à sa tête blanche et sa barre blanche sur le côté du cou qui contrastent avec l'arrière du cou noir et les deux barres noires sur la tête. Le reste du plumage est gris, le bec et les pattes sont jaunes. Elle a une envergure moyenne de 150 centimètres, et la femelle est relativement plus petite que le mâle.
C'est l'un des oiseaux volant le plus haut. Le rapport de sa surface alaire à son poids est légèrement supérieur à celui des autres oies, ce qui pourrait l'aider à voler plus haut1. Des études ont montré que sa respiration est plus efficace dans des conditions pauvres en oxygène et qu'elle est capable de réduire les pertes thermiques2. L'hémoglobine de son sang a une plus haute affinité à l'oxygène que celle des autres oies3.
L'oie à tête barrée est une grande migratrice. C'est l'espèce qui vole le plus haut : alle a été aperçue à 10.000 m d'altitude. Cette puissance est nécessaire pour franchir les hauts sommets de la chaîne himalayenne. À 8.500 m d'altitude, l'air est rare et la température atteint -40 °C. Son métabolisme est capable de compenser les déperditions thermiques, et son hémoglobine possède la capacité de stocker davantage d'oxygène que les autres espèces. Cet apport supplémentaire d'oxygène lui permet de supporter le froid glacial de la troposphère et le manque d'air. L'oie à tête barrée est grégaire même pendant la période de nidification. Elle se mêle à d'autres espèces sur ses lieux d'hivernage.
Shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushroom, avocado, grapes, some homegrown fresh herbs, and coffee.
Coffee beans from Finca Santa Maura in Nicaragua
Blood test results (November 14, 2017)
Red blood cells 4.9 million/µL (normal range: 4.0-5.3)
Hemoglobin 15.5 g/dL (13.1-16.6)
White blood cells 4500 /µL (3200-8500)
Blood pressure 114/65 mmHG
Total cholesterol 137 mg/dL (140-199)
Triglycerides 66 mg/dL (30-149)
HDL cholesterol 59 mg/dL (40-119)
LDL cholesterol 64 mg/dL (60-119)
Blood glucose 77 mg/dL (under 99)
For years I have struggled with ill health and very little help from drs in general. I have even ended up in A&E 3 times and been sent home non the wiser. I was desperate to get my life back so started to look around. Its only the last year I came across the B12 society and started to read symptoms of B12 deficiency and realised this could be my issue. A year later of doing self injections (something I never dreamed I could do ) and with the support of the B12 society B12Wakeup Facebook group I am beginning to see a very different me. It is truly a miracle in my eyes. I'm getting out and about and the fatigue has gone, the difference is amazing. I truly believe the b12 society gave me my life back and I will always be truly grateful to them and God for leading me to them.
I would encourage everyone to watch the Sally Pacholok film on youtube. Its eye opening and shows how so many illnesses eg dementia, MS , ME etc can be misdiagnosed B12 deficiency.
Link here www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvMxJ6GRBNQ&t=15s.
This is the link to the B12 society www.theb12society.com/
Weekly theme challenge-something that does you good.
Dr Sudhir Kumar MD DM
What could be the common link between the following clinical situations (all are real cases from my clinical practice):
1. 25-year old airhostess with rapid decline in memory and higher cognitive functions of 6 months duration (suggestive of #dementia),
2. 35-year old man with two weeks history of tremors, slowness of movements and rigidity (mimicking #Parkinsons disease),
3. 22-year old man with repeated #seizures (fits), which was difficult to control with anti-epileptic drugs,
4. 18-year old with features of #anxiety, #depression and #panic attacks of one year duration (had only partial relief with anti-depressants),
5. 30-year old lady with frank #psychosis (hallucinations, delusions) of six months duration,
6. 18-year old girl with 6-month history of tinnitus and #hearing impairment, which was getting worse over time,
7. Blurring of #vision and poor vision in a 22-year old man,
8. Burning, tingling and numbness of hands and feet for one year in a 28-year old man,
9. Hyperpigmentation (darker discoloration) of skin over hands and feet,
10. Generalized weakness, fatigue and breathlessness on exertion in a 25-year old woman (hemoglobin of 8 gm%)
Many of you would have correctly guessed it by now: All these clinical symptoms were caused by vitamin B12 deficiency.
You would be happy to note that they all improved with treatment.
The key to a good outcome in vitamin B12-deficiency related diseases is early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment.
Kale is high in iron. Per calorie, kale has more iron than beef. Iron is essential for good health, such as the formation of hemoglobin and enzymes, transporting oxygen to various parts of the body, cell growth, proper liver function and more. It is sometimes called "the new beef".
Bankham ZTo view more of my images, of Carrion and Birds of Prey, please click "here" !
Rüppell's vulture or Rüppell's Griffon Vulture (Gyps rueppellii) is a large vulture that occurs throughout the Sahel region of central Africa. The current population of 30,000 is decreasing due to loss of habitat, deliberate poisoning by ivory poachers and other factors. Known also as Rüppell's griffon, Rueppell's griffon, Rüppell's griffin vulture, Rueppell's vulture and other variants, Rüppell's vulture is named in honor of Eduard Rüppell, a 19th-century German explorer, collector, and zoologist. Rüppell's vulture is considered to be the highest-flying bird, with confirmed evidence of a flight at an altitude of 11,300 m above sea level. These are large vultures, noticeably outsizing the closely related white-backed vulture, with which they often co-occur in the wild. Adults are 85 to 103 cm long, with a wingspan of 2.26 to 2.6 metres, and a weight that ranges from 6.4 to 9 kg Both genders look alike: mottled brown or black overall with a whitish-brown underbelly and thin, dirty-white fluff covering the head and neck. The base of the neck has a white collar, the eye is yellow or amber, the crop patch deep brown. Silent as a rule, they become vocal at their nest and when at a carcass, squealing a great deal. Rüppell's vultures are very social, roosting, nesting, and gathering to feed in large flocks. They are relatively slow birds, cruising at 35 kilometres per hour, but fly for 6-7 hours every day and will fly as far as 150 kilometres from a nest site to find food. Rüppell's vultures commonly fly at altitudes as high as 6,000 metres . The birds have a specialized variant of the hemoglobin alphaD subunit; this protein has a great affinity for oxygen, which allows the species to absorb oxygen efficiently despite the low partial pressure in the upper troposphere. A Rüppell's vulture was confirmed to have been ingested by a jet engine of an airplane flying over Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire on November 29, 1973 at an altitude of 11,300 m During August 2010 a Rüppell's vulture escaped a bird of prey site in Scotland, prompting warnings to pilots in the area to watch carefully due to the danger of collision. Rüppell's vultures have several adaptations to their diet and are specialized feeders even among the Old World vultures of Africa. They have an especially powerful build and, after the most attractive soft parts of a carcass have been consumed, they will continue with the hide, and even the bones, gorging themselves until they can barely fly. They have backward-pointing spines on the tongue to help remove meat from bone. Despite their size, power and adaptations, they are not the most dominant vulture in their range, which is considered to be the even larger lappet-faced vulture.[11]Since first being assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature during 1988, populations of Rüppell's vulture have decreased. The species has been listed with an IUCN Red List status of "near threatened" since 2007 and the IUCN predicts that populations of the species will continue to decrease.[12] During 2012 the species was given Endangered status. Since 1992, Rüppell's vulture has been occurring as a vagrant in Spain and Portugal, with annual records since 1997, mainly in the Cadiz / Straits of Gibraltar area, but also further north.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
oo
This was in a "hands-on" exhibit at the Texas State Aquarium in Corpus Christi, Texas - kids were able to reach in and touch then (under the watchful eyes of the staff, of course). Horseshoe crabs are living fossils. Their origin lies in the Ordovician Period, some 450 million years ago. They live on muddy sea bottoms in shallow water. In spite of the name, they are not crustaceans, but are arthropods in the family Limulidae. One interesting factoid is that their blood does not contain hemoglobin, but rather a hemocyanin. The copper content of that molecule causes their blood color to be blue. (Does this give them Royal Lineage?)
Kenya - Rüppell's Vulture (Gyps rueppelli). Il s’agit d’un vautour de taille importante, nettement plus grand que son proche cousin, le vautour africain, dont il partage l’habitat, Une altitude de vol record de 11 300 m a été authentifiée, à la suite d'une collision aviaire avec un avion de ligne au-dessus d'Abidjan, le 29 novembre 197311,12,2. Il est possible qu'il vole encore plus haut ; en effet, il dispose d’une variante spécialisée d’hémoglobine alphaD ; une protéine possédant une importante affinité avec l’oxygène, ce qui permet à l’espèce de l’absorber efficacement malgré la faible pression partielle de la troposphère supérieure13.
Vanmiddag "geschoten" met mijn camera.
Deze Indische gans was behoorlijk schuw dus 500mm met crop 1,5 x = 750mm lens gebruikt. Geluk voor alle vogels jaag ik alleen met een camera. Anders zou ik een poelier handenvol werk kunnen bezorgen, maar dat wil ik dus niet.
De Indische gans of streepkopgans (Anser indicus) is een gans die broedt in Centraal-Azië en over de Himalaya vliegt om te overwinteren in het drasland van India (van Assam tot zuidelijk in Tamil Nadu), Noord-Birma en de wetlands van Pakistan.
Kenmerken
De gans is 68 tot 78 cm lang, dat is zo groot als een toendrarietgans, maar deze gans oogt niet grauwbruin, maar zeer lichtgrijs en lijkt in vlucht zelfs grotendeels wit. Van dichtbij is te zien dat de gans een zwarte hals heeft (alleen van achter) en een donkere streep die tot halverwege de kruin loopt, met twee dwarsstrepen, waarvan de bovenste loopt tot aan het oog. Poten en snavel zijn geel en de snavel is relatief klein.
Speciale aanpassingen
Deze gans is een van 's werelds hoogst vliegende vogels. De hoogst waargenomen vliegende gans, vloog op 7290 m hoogte. Bij een wetenschappelijke test van de Britse universiteit van Bangor, waarbij op 91 Indische ganzen een gps was bevestigd, bleek dat de meesten onder de 5500m hoogte blijven.
Omdat dit dier zo hoog over de Himalaya vliegt, heeft het een aantal bijzondere aanpassingen aan de lage luchtdruk en de koude op grote hoogte. Daardoor heeft de Indische gans een iets groter vleugeloppervlak dan andere ganzen van hetzelfde gewicht. Verder is aangetoond dat zij bij lage zuurstofgehaltes, efficiënter zuurstof kunnen opnemen. Het hemoglobine van hun bloed heeft een hogere zuurstofaffiniteit dan die van de andere ganzen. Verder zijn ze in staat om het warmteverlies te beperken.
Indische ganzen in Keoladeo National Park te Bharatpur, Rajasthan (India)
Verspreiding
De Indische gans broedt in Centraal-Azië (Oost-Afghanistan, Zuid-China, Tibet, Bhutan, Kazachstan, Kirgizië, Tadzjikistan, Oezbekistan, Mongolië en aangrenzend deel van de Russische federatie). In het najaar vliegt de gans om te overwinteren over de Himalaja naar de draslanden van Pakistan, Bangladesh, India van Assam en tot zuidelijk in Tamil Nadu en verder in Noord-Birma, Thailand en Vietnam. Bron Wilipedia.
15Y_0932PXN
These builds are an experimentation with dimension changes as there is a ton of s.n.o.t. building and features a working trigger, magazine, slide, and hammer. They're sturdy enough to be spun around.
To view more of my images, of Carrion and Birds of Prey, please click "here" !
Rüppell's vulture or Rüppell's Griffon Vulture (Gyps rueppellii) is a large vulture that occurs throughout the Sahel region of central Africa. The current population of 30,000 is decreasing due to loss of habitat, deliberate poisoning by ivory poachers and other factors. Known also as Rüppell's griffon, Rueppell's griffon, Rüppell's griffin vulture, Rueppell's vulture and other variants, Rüppell's vulture is named in honor of Eduard Rüppell, a 19th-century German explorer, collector, and zoologist. Rüppell's vulture is considered to be the highest-flying bird, with confirmed evidence of a flight at an altitude of 11,300 m above sea level. These are large vultures, noticeably outsizing the closely related white-backed vulture, with which they often co-occur in the wild. Adults are 85 to 103 cm long, with a wingspan of 2.26 to 2.6 metres, and a weight that ranges from 6.4 to 9 kg Both genders look alike: mottled brown or black overall with a whitish-brown underbelly and thin, dirty-white fluff covering the head and neck. The base of the neck has a white collar, the eye is yellow or amber, the crop patch deep brown. Silent as a rule, they become vocal at their nest and when at a carcass, squealing a great deal. Rüppell's vultures are very social, roosting, nesting, and gathering to feed in large flocks. They are relatively slow birds, cruising at 35 kilometres per hour, but fly for 6-7 hours every day and will fly as far as 150 kilometres from a nest site to find food. Rüppell's vultures commonly fly at altitudes as high as 6,000 metres. The birds have a specialized variant of the hemoglobin alphaD subunit; this protein has a great affinity for oxygen, which allows the species to absorb oxygen efficiently despite the low partial pressure in the upper troposphere. A Rüppell's vulture was confirmed to have been ingested by a jet engine of an airplane flying over Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire on November 29, 1973 at an altitude of 11,300 m During August 2010 a Rüppell's vulture escaped a bird of prey site in Scotland, prompting warnings to pilots in the area to watch carefully due to the danger of collision. Rüppell's vultures have several adaptations to their diet and are specialized feeders even among the Old World vultures of Africa. They have an especially powerful build and, after the most attractive soft parts of a carcass have been consumed, they will continue with the hide, and even the bones, gorging themselves until they can barely fly. They have backward-pointing spines on the tongue to help remove meat from bone. Despite their size, power and adaptations, they are not the most dominant vulture in their range, which is considered to be the even larger lappet-faced vulture. Since first being assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature during 1988, populations of Rüppell's vulture have decreased. The species has been listed with an IUCN Red List status of "near threatened" since 2007 and the IUCN predicts that populations of the species will continue to decrease. During 2012 the species was given Endangered status. Since 1992, Rüppell's vulture has been occurring as a vagrant in Spain and Portugal, with annual records since 1997, mainly in the Cadiz / Straits of Gibraltar area, but also further north.
Foto da foto do rosto de Cristo no Santo Sudário ou Sudário de Turim em tamanho real. Esta foto está em uma prateleira envidraçada de uma sala ao lado do altar da Igreja Real de São Lourenço (San Lorenzo) em Turim, Itália.
A seguir, texto, em português, da Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre:
O Sudário de Turim, ou o Santo Sudário é uma peça de linho que mostra a imagem de um homem que aparentemente sofreu traumatismos físicos de maneira consistente com a crucificação. O Sudário está guardado fora das vistas do público na capela da catedral de São João Baptista em Turim, Itália.
O sudário é uma peça rectangular de linho com 4,4 metros de comprimento e 1,1 de largura. O tecido mostra as imagens frontal e dorsal de um homem nu, com as mãos pousadas sobre as partes baixas, consistentes com a projecção ortogonal, sem a projeção referente à parte lateral do corpo humano. As duas imagens apontam em sentidos opostos e unem-se na zona central do pano. O homem representado no sudário tem barba e cabelo comprido pela altura dos ombros, separado por uma risca ao meio. Tem um corpo bem proporcionado e musculado, com cerca de 1,75 de altura. O sudário apresenta ainda diversas nódoas encarnadas que, interpretadas como sangue, sugerem a presença de vários traumatismos
* ferida num dos punhos, de forma circular; o segundo punho está escondido em segundo plano;
* ferida na zona lateral, aparentemente provocada por instrumento cortante;
* conjunto de pequenas feridas em torno da testa; e
* série de feridas lineares nas costas e pernas.
A 28 de Maio de 1898, o fotógrafo italiano Secondo Pia tirou a primeira fotografia ao sudário e constatou que o negativo da fotografia assemelhava-se a uma imagem positiva do homem, o que significava que a imagem do sudário era, em si, um negativo. Esta descoberta lançou o mote para uma discussão científica que ainda hoje permanece aberta: o que representa o sudário?
As primeiras referências a um possível sudário surgem na própria Bíblia. O Evangelho de Mateus (27:59) refere que José de Arimateia envolveu o corpo de Jesus Cristo com "um pano de linho limpo". João (19:38-40) também descreve o evento, e relata que os apóstolos Pedro e João, ao visitar o túmulo de Jesus após a ressurreição, encontraram os lençóis dobrados (Jo 20:6-7). Embora depois desta descrição evangélica o sudário só tenha feito sua aparição definitiva no século XIV, para não mais ser perdido de vista, existem alguns relatos anteriores que contêm indicações bastante consistentes sobre a existência de um tal tecido em tempos mais antigos.
A primeira menção não-evangélica a ele data de 544, quando um pedaço de tecido mostrando uma face que se acreditou ser a de Jesus foi encontrado escondido sob uma ponte em Edessa. Suas primeiras descrições mencionam um pedaço de pano quadrado, mostrando apenas a face, mas São João Damasceno, em sua obra antiiconoclasta "Sobre as imagens sagradas", falando sobre a mesma relíquia, a descreve como uma faixa comprida de tecido, embora disesse que se tratava de uma imagem transferida para o pano quando Jesus ainda estava vivo.
Em 944, quando esta peça foi transferida para Constantinopla, Gregorius Referendarius, arquidiácono de Hagia Sophia pregou um sermão sobre o artefato, que foi dado como perdido até ser redescoberto em 2004 num manuscrito dos arquivos do Vaticano. Neste sermão é feita uma descrição do sudário de Edessa como contendo não só a face, mas uma imagem de corpo inteiro, e cita a presença de manchas de sangue. Outra fonte é o Codex Vossianus Latinus, também no Vaticano, que se refere ao sudário de Edessa como sendo uma impressão de corpo inteiro.
Outra evidência é uma gravura incluída no chamado Manuscrito Húngaro de Preces, datado de 1192, onde a figura mostra o corpo de Jesus sendo preparado para o sepultamento, numa posição consistente com a imagem impressa no sudário de Turim.
Em 1203, o cruzado Robert de Clari afirmou ter visto o sudário em Constantinopla nos seguintes termos: "Lá estava o sudário em que nosso Senhor foi envolto, e que a cada quinta-feira é exposto de modo que todos possam ver a imagem de nosso Senhor nele". Seguindo-se ao saque de Constantinopla, em 1205 Theodoros Angelos, sobrinho de um dos três imperadores bizantinos, escreveu uma carta de protesto ao papa Inocêncio III, onde menciona o roubo de riquezas e relíquias sagradas da capital pelos cruzados, e dizendo que as jóias ficaram com os venezianos e relíquias haviam sido divididas entre os franceses, citando explicitamente o sudário, que segundo ele havia sido levado para Atenas nesta época.
Dali, a partir de testemunhos de época de Geoffrey de Villehardouin e do mesmo Robert de Clari, o sudário teria sido tomado por Otto de la Roche, que se tornou Duque de Atenas. Mas Otto logo o teria transmitido aos Templários, que o teriam levado para a França. Apesar desses indícios de que o sudário de Edessa seja possivelmente o mesmo que o de Turim, o assunto ainda é objeto controvérsia.
Então começa a parte da história do sudário que é bem documentada. Ele aparece publicamente pela primeira vez em 1357, quando a viúva de Geoffroy de Charny, um templário francês, a exibiu na igreja de Lirey. Não foi oferecida nenhuma explicação para a súbita aparição, nem a sua veneração como relíquia foi imediatamente aceite. Henrique de Poitiers, arcebispo de Troyes, apoiado mais tarde pelo rei Carlos VI de França, declarou o sudário como uma impostura e proibiu a sua adoração. A peça conseguiu, no entanto, recolher um número considerável de admiradores que lutaram para a manter em exibição nas igrejas. Em 1389, o bispo Pierre d’Arcis (sucessor de Henrique) denunciou a suposta relíquia como uma fraude fabricada por um pintor talentoso, numa carta a Clemente VII (em Avinhão). D’Arcis menciona que até então tem sido bem sucedido em esconder o pano e revela que a verdade lhe fora confessada pelo próprio artista, que não é identificado. A carta descreve ainda o sudário com grande precisão. Aparentemente, os conselhos do bispo de Troyes não foram ouvidos visto que Clemente VII declarou a relíquia sagrada e ofereceu indulgências a quem peregrinasse para ver o sudário.
Em 1418, o sudário passou a ser propriedade de Umberto de Villersexel, Conde de La Roche, que o removeu para o seu castelo de Montfort, sob o argumento de proteger a peça de um eventual roubo. Depois da sua morte, o pároco de Lirey e a viúva travaram uma batalha jurídica pela custódia da relíquia, ganha pela família. A Condessa de La Roche iniciou então uma tournée com o sudário que incluiu as catedrais de Genebra e Liege. Em 1453, o sudário foi trocado por um castelo (não vendido porque a transacção comercial de relíquias é proibida) com o Duque Luís de Sabóia. A nova aquisição do duque tornou-se na atracção principal da recém construída catedral de Chambery, de acordo com cronistas contemporâneos, envolvida em veludo carmim e guardada num relicário com pregos de prata e chave de ouro.
O sudário foi mais uma vez declarado como relíquia verdadeira pelo Papa Júlio II em 1506. Em 1532, o sudário foi danificado por um incêndio que afectou a sua capela e pela água das tentativas de o controlar. Por volta de 1578 a peça foi transferida para Turim em Itália, onde se encontra até aos dias de hoje na Cappella della Sacra Sindone do Palazzo Reale di Torino. A casa de Sabóia foi a proprietária do sudário até 1983, data da sua doação ao Vaticano. A última exibição da peça foi no ano 2000, a próxima está agendada para 2010. Em 2002, o sudário foi submetido a obras de restauro.
As primeiras análises ao sudário foram realizadas em 1977 por uma equipe de cientistas da Universidade de Turim que usou métodos de microscopia. Os resultados demonstraram que o linho do sudário contém inúmeras gotículas de tinta fabricada a partir de ocre. Entretanto, a hipótese de uma pintura realizada por ação humana foi completamente descartada por experimentos posteriores.
Em 1978, a equipe americana do STURP (Shoud of Turin Research Project) teve acesso ao sudário durante 120 horas. A equipe era composta por 40 cientistas, dos quais apenas 7 católicos e um ateu, Walter C. McCrone, que retirou-se logo no início das investigações. Foram realizados muitos experimentos que envolveram diversas áreas da ciência, como fotografias com diferentes tipos de filme, radiografia de raios X, raio X com fluorescência, espectroscopia, infravermelho e retirada de amostras com fita.
Depois de três anos de análise do STURP, ficou provado que existia sangue humano no sudário e que as gotículas de tinta ocre eram resultado de contaminação. Existiram diversas tentativas de se recriar algo semelhante ao sudário, realizadas durante os séculos, feitas por dezenas de pintores, mas que nunca chegaram a um resultado minimamente próximo ao sudário examinado pelo STURP. Quando questionados sobre se o sudário não era a mortalha de Jesus Cristo, de forma unânime, foi afirmado que nenhum dos resultados dos estudos contradisse a narrativa dos evangelhos. Entretanto, como cientistas, também não podiam afirmar que a mortalha era verdadeira porque essa é uma hipótese não falseável.
Cientistas do STURP também mostraram a completa improbabilidade de aquela ser uma imagem gerada pela ação de um artista, ou seja, é humanamente impossível que o sudário seja uma pintura. A habilidade e equipamentos necessários para gerar uma falsificação daquela natureza são completamente incompatíveis com o período da Idade Média, época em que o sudário apareceu e foi guardado.
As principais conclusões científicas do STURP após cerca de 100.000 horas de pesquisa sobre o artefato foram as seguintes:
a) as marcas do Sudário são um duplo negativo fotográfico do corpo inteiro de um homem. Existe a imagem de frente e de dorso. O sangue do Sudário é positivo;
b) a figura do Sudário, ao contrário de todas as outras figuras bidimensionais já testadas até então, contém dados tridimensionais;
c) o material de cor vermelha do Sudário é sangue;
d) não existe ainda explicação científica de como as imagens do Sudário foram feitas; e
e) o Sudário está historicamente de acordo com os Evangelhos, pois mostra nas imagens as marcas da paixão de Cristo com precisão.
Na época, o STURP não foi autorizado a fazer o teste por datação carbono-14.
A Igreja Católica não emitiu nenhuma opinião acerca da autenticidade desta alegada relíquia. A posição oficial a esta questão é a de que a resposta deve ser uma decisão pessoal do crente. O Papa João Paulo II confessou-se pessoalmente comovido e emocionado com a imagem do sudário, mas afirmou que uma vez que não se trata de uma questão de fé, a Igreja não se pode pronunciar, ao mesmo tempo que convidou as comunidades científicas a continuar a investigação. O grande problema reside na dificuldade de acesso ao sudário, que não é de propriedade da Igreja Católica, mas de uma fundação italiana que alega que novos e constantes testes podem danificar o material da suposta relíquia. A Catholic Encyclopedia, editada pela Igreja Católica, no seu artigo sobre o Sudário de Turim afirma que o sudário está além da capacidade de falsificação de qualquer falsário medieval.
Following, a text, in english, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
The Shroud of Turin (or Turin Shroud)
The Shroud of Turin (or Turin Shroud) is a linen cloth bearing the image of a man who appears to have been physically traumatized in a manner consistent with crucifixion. It is kept in the royal chapel of the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist in Turin, Italy. It is believed by many to be the cloth placed on the body of Jesus at the time of his burial.
The image on the shroud is much clearer in black-and-white negative than in its natural sepia color. The striking negative image was first observed on the evening of May 28, 1898, on the reverse photographic plate of amateur photographer Secondo Pia, who was allowed to photograph it while it was being exhibited in the Turin Cathedral. According to Pia, he almost dropped and broke the photographic plate from the shock of seeing an image of a person on it.
The shroud is the subject of intense debate among scientists, people of faith, historians, and writers regarding where, when, and how the shroud and its images were created. From a religious standpoint, in 1958 Pope Pius XII approved of the image in association with the Roman Catholic devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus, celebrated every year on Shrove Tuesday. Some believe the shroud is the cloth that covered Jesus when he was placed in his tomb and that his image was recorded on its fibers at or near the time of his resurrection. Skeptics, on the other hand, contend the shroud is a medieval forgery; others attribute the forming of the image to chemical reactions or other natural processes.
Various tests have been performed on the shroud, yet the debates about its origin continue. Radiocarbon dating in 1988 by three independent teams of scientists yielded results published in Nature indicating that the shroud was made during the Middle Ages, approximately 1300 years after Jesus lived.[4] Claims of bias and error in the testing were raised almost immediately and were addressed by Harry E. Gove.[5] Follow-up analysis published in 2005, for example, claimed that the sample dated by the teams was taken from an area of the shroud that was not a part of the original cloth. The shroud was also damaged by a fire in the Late Middle Ages which could have added carbon material to the cloth, resulting in a higher radiocarbon content and a later calculated age. This analysis itself is questioned by skeptics such as Joe Nickell, who reasons that the conclusions of the author, Raymond Rogers, result from "starting with the desired conclusion and working backward to the evidence".[6] Former Nature editor Philip Ball has said that the idea that Rogers steered his study to a preconceived conclusion is "unfair" and Rogers "has a history of respectable work".
However, the 2008 research at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit may revise the 1260–1390 dating toward which it originally contributed, leading its director Christopher Ramsey to call the scientific community to probe anew the authenticity of the Shroud.[7][8] "With the radiocarbon measurements and with all of the other evidence which we have about the Shroud, there does seem to be a conflict in the interpretation of the different evidence" Gordan said to BBC News in 2008, after the new research emerged.[9] Ramsey had stressed that he would be surprised if the 1988 tests were shown to be far off, let alone "a thousand years wrong", and insisted that he would keep an open mind.
The shroud is rectangular, measuring approximately 4.4 × 1.1 m (14.3 × 3.7 ft). The cloth is woven in a three-to-one herringbone twill composed of flax fibrils. Its most distinctive characteristic is the faint, yellowish image of a front and back view of a naked man with his hands folded across his groin. The two views are aligned along the midplane of the body and point in opposite directions. The front and back views of the head nearly meet at the middle of the cloth. The views are consistent with an orthographic projection of a human body, but see Analysis of the image as the work of an artist.
The "Man of the Shroud" has a beard, moustache, and shoulder-length hair parted in the middle. He is muscular and tall (various experts have measured him as from 1.75 m, or roughly 5 ft 9 in, to 1.88 m, or 6 ft 2 in). For a man of the first century (the time of Jesus' death), or of the Middle Ages (the time of the first uncontested report of the shroud's existence and the proposed time of a possible forgery), these figures present an above-average although not abnormal height. Reddish brown stains that have been said to include whole blood are found on the cloth, showing various wounds that correlate with the yellowish image, the pathophysiology of crucifixion, and the Biblical description of the death of Jesus:
* one wrist bears a large, round wound, apparently from piercing (the second wrist is hidden by the folding of the hands)
* upward gouge in the side penetrating into the thoracic cavity, a post-mortem event as indicated by separate components of red blood cells and serum draining from the lesion
* small punctures around the forehead and scalp
* scores of linear wounds on the torso and legs claimed to be consistent with the distinctive dumbbell wounds of a Roman flagrum.
* swelling of the face from severe beatings
* streams of blood down both arms that include blood dripping from the main flow in response to gravity at an angle that would occur during crucifixion
* no evidence of either leg being fractured
* large puncture wounds in the feet as if pierced by a single spike
Other physical characteristics of the shroud include the presence of large water stains, and from a fire in 1532, burn holes and scorched areas down both sides of the linen due to contact with molten silver that burned through it in places while it was folded. Some small burn holes that apparently are not from the 1532 event are also present. In places, there are permanent creases due to repeated foldings, such as the line that is evident below the chin of the image.
On May 28, 1898, amateur Italian photographer Secondo Pia took the first photograph of the shroud and was startled by the negative in his darkroom.[3] Negatives of the image give the appearance of a positive image, which implies that the shroud image is itself effectively a negative of some kind. Pia was immediately accused of forgery, but was finally vindicated in 1931 when a professional photographer, Giuseppe Enrie, also photographed the shroud and his findings supported Pia
Image analysis by scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory found that rather than being like a photographic negative, the image unexpectedly has the property of decoding into a 3-D image of the man when the darker parts of the image are interpreted to be those features of the man that were closest to the shroud and the lighter areas of the image those features that were farthest. This is not a property that occurs in photography, and researchers could not replicate the effect when they attempted to transfer similar images using techniques of block print, engravings, a hot statue, and bas-relief.
Many people, including author Robin Cook,[42] have put forth the suggestion that the image on the shroud was produced by a side effect of the Resurrection of Jesus, purposely left intact as a rare physical aid to understanding and believing in Jesus' dual nature as man and God. Some have asserted that the shroud collapsed through the glorified body of Jesus, pointing to certain X-ray-like impressions of the teeth and the finger bones. Others assert that radiation streaming from every point of the revivifying body struck and discolored every opposite point of the cloth, forming the complete image through a kind of supernatural pointillism using inverted shades of blue-gray rather than primary colors. However, science has yet to find an example of a reviving body emitting radiation levels significant enough to produce these changes.
There are several reddish stains on the shroud suggesting blood. McCrone (see above) identified these as containing iron oxide, theorizing that its presence was likely due to simple pigment materials used in medieval times. This is in agreement with the results of an Italian commission investigating the shroud in the early 1970s. Serologists among the commission applied several different state-of-the-art blood tests which all gave a negative result for the presence of blood. No test for the presence of color pigments was performed by this commission.[57] Other researchers, including Alan Adler, a chemist specializing in analysis of porphyrins, identified the reddish stains as type AB blood and interpreted the iron oxide as a natural residue of hemoglobin. But the problem with a blood type AB for an authentic shroud is that it is today known that this type of blood is of relative recent origin. There is no evidence of the existence of this blood type before the year AD 700. It is today assumed that the blood type AB came into the existence by immigration and following intermingling of mongoloid people from central Asia with a high frequency of the blood type B to Europe and other areas where people with a relatively high frequency of the blood type A live.
As a depiction of Jesus, the image on the shroud corresponds to that found throughout the history of Christian iconography. For instance, the Pantocrator mosaic at Daphne in Athens is strikingly similar. This suggests that the icons were made while the Image of Edessa was available, with this appearance of Jesus being copied in later artwork, and in particular, on the Shroud. Art historian W.S.A. Dale proposed (before the radiocarbon dating of the Shroud) that the Shroud itself was an icon created in the 11th century for liturgical use. In opposition to this viewpoint, the locations of the piercing wounds in the wrists on the Shroud do not correspond to artistic representations of the crucifixion before close to the present time. In fact, the Shroud was widely dismissed as a forgery in the 14th century for the very reason that the Latin Vulgate Bible stated that the nails had been driven into Jesus' hands and Medieval art invariably depicts the wounds in Jesus' hands.
Although the Vatican newspaper Osservatore Romano covered the story of Secondo Pia's photograph of May 28 1898 in its June 15, 1898 edition, it did so with no comment and thereafter Church officials generally refrained from officially commenting on the photograph for almost half a century.
The first official connection between the image on the shroud and the Catholic Church was made in 1940 based on the formal request by Sister Maria Pierina De Micheli to the curia in Milan to obtain authorization to produce a medal with the image. The authorization was granted and the first medal with the image was offered to Pope Pius XII who approved the medal. The image was then used on what became known as the Holy Face Medal worn by many Catholics, initially as a means of protection during the Second World War. In 1958 Pope Pius XII approved of the image in association with the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus, and declared its feast to be celebrated every year the day before Ash Wednesday.
In 1983 the Shroud was given to the Holy See by the House of Savoy. However, as with all relics of this kind, the Roman Catholic Church has made no pronouncements claiming whether it is Jesus' burial shroud, or if it is a forgery. As with other approved Catholic devotions, the matter has been left to the personal decision of the faithful, as long as the Church does not issue a future notification to the contrary. In the Church's view, whether the cloth is authentic or not has no bearing whatsoever on the validity of what Jesus taught nor on the saving power of his death and resurrection. The late Pope John Paul II stated in 1998, "Since we're not dealing with a matter of faith, the church can't pronounce itself on such questions. It entrusts to scientists the tasks of continuing to investigate, to reach adequate answers to the questions connected to this shroud." He showed himself to be deeply moved by the image of the shroud and arranged for public showings in 1998 and 2000. In his address at the Turin Cathedral on Sunday May 24 1998 (the occasion of the 100th year of Secondo Pia's May 28 1898 photograph), Pope John Paul II said: "... the Shroud is an image of God's love as well as of human sin" and "...The imprint left by the tortured body of the Crucified One, which attests to the tremendous human capacity for causing pain and death to one's fellow man, stands as an icon of the suffering of the innocent in every age."
Recent developments
On April 6, 2009, the Times of London reported that official Vatican researchers had uncovered evidence that the Shroud had been kept and venerated by the Templars since the 1204 sack of Constantinople. According to the account of one neophyte member of the order, veneration of the Shroud appeared to be part of the initiation ritual. The article also implies that this ceremony may be the source of the 'worship of a bearded figure' that the Templars were accused of at their 14th century trial and suppression.
On April 10, 2009, the Telegraph reported that original Shroud investigator, Ray Rogers, acknowledged the radio carbon dating performed in 1988 was flawed. The sample used for dating may have been taken from a section damaged by fire and repaired in the 16th century, which would not provide an estimate for the original material. Shortly before his death, Rogers said:
"The worst possible sample for carbon dating was taken."
"It consisted of different materials than were used in the shroud itself, so the age we produced was inaccurate."
"...I am coming to the conclusion that it has a very good chance of being the piece of cloth that was used to bury the historic Jesus."
A text, in english, about The Real Chiesa of S. Lorenzo and Turin:
The Real Chiesa of S. Lorenzo, restored on the occasion of the two Ostensionis of the Shroud (happened in 1998 and in 2000), he/she offers to the visitor, is assiduous, the vision is occasional marveled of this jewel of Guarino Guarini.
The Priests of the church of S. Lorenzo wish to each to bring itself, after having tasted how much the creation guariniana offers to the intelligence and the heart, that feelings of architectural and religious harmony that Guarino Guarini, father Teatino, knew how to amalgamate with his genius of architect and with the faith of the believer.
A visitor to the Church of San Lorenzo – a veritable work of art – reaches piazza Castello and sees no façade marking the church. Piazza Castello is a square with a theatre without a façade (Regio), a façade of a palace (Madama) with no corresponding palace, and a church without a façade. One in fact was designed but never built to maintain the architectural harmony of the square.
The church is next to the gates of the royal palace.
On the church front there is a plaque commemorating the dead on the Russian front and above a bell that strikes 10 times at 5.15 p.m. every day.
Why is this Royal Chapel dedicated to San Lorenzo (St. Lawrence)?
In 1557, Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, and his cousin Phillip II, King of Spain, were fighting the French at Saint-Quentin in Flanders.
They made a votive offering to build a church in the name of the saint whose feast fell on the day of their eventual victory; that victory came on 10 August, St. Lawrence’s day.
Turin:
Turin, Torino in Italian, is an interesting and often overlooked city in the Piedmont region of Italy. Famous for the Shroud of Turin and Fiat auto plants, Turin has a lot more to offer. From its Baroque cafes and architecture to its arcaded shopping promenades and museums, Turin is a great city for wandering and exploring. Turin hosted the 2006 Winter Olympics and makes a good base for exploring nearby mountains and valleys.
Turin is in the northwest of Italy in the Piemonte region between the Po River and the foothills of the Alps.
Turin is served by a small airport, Citta di Torino - Sandro Pertini, with flights to and from Europe. There is bus service connecting Turin's airport with Turin and the main railway station. A railway links the airport to GTT Dora Railway Station in the northwest of Turin. The closest airport for flights from the United States is in Milan, a little over an hour away by train.
Turin is a major hub on the Italian train line and intercity buses provide transportation to and from Turin.
Turin has an extensive network of trams and buses that run from 5AM until midnight. There are also electric mini-buses in the city center. Bus and tram tickets can be bought in a tabacchi shop. A 28km metropolitan line is due for completion in 2006.
Turin's main railway station is Porta Nuova in central Turin at the Piazza Carlo Felice. The Porta Susa Station is the main station for trains to and from Milan and is connected to central Turin and the main station by bus.
There are tourist offices at the Porta Nuova Railway Station and at the airport. The main office is in Piazza Castello and there is also one in Piazza Solferino.
You can find landromats and internet points in Turin with Lavasciuga.
Turin discount cards: See Turin and Piedmont Card for information about discount passes and the ChocoPass for chocolate tastings.
The Piedmont region has some of the best food in Italy. Over 160 types of cheese and famous wines like Barolo and Barbaresco come from here as do truffles, plentiful in fall. Turin has some outstanding pastries, especially chocolate ones. Chocolate for eating as we know it today (bars and pieces) originated in Turin. The chocolate-hazelnut sauce, gianduja, is a specialty of Turin.
Turin celebrates its patron saint in the Festa di San Giovanni June 24 with events all day and a huge fireworks display at night. Turin's big chocolate festival is in March. Turin has several music and theater festivals in summer and fall. During the Christmas season there is a 2-week street market and on New Year's Eve an open-air conert in the main piazza. The Turin Marathon in April attracts a huge number of international participants.
Turin has many museums. Walking around the city with its arcades, Baroque buildings, and beautiful piazzas can be very enjoyable.
* The Via Po is an interesting walking street with long arcades and many historic palaces and cafes. Start at Piazza Castello.
* Mole Antonelliana, a 167 meter tall tower built between 1798 and 1888, houses an excellent cinema museum. A panoramic lift takes you to the top of the tower for some expansive views of the city.
* Palazzo Carignano is the birthplace of Vittorio Emanuele II in 1820. The Unification of Italy was proclaimed here in 1861. It now houses the Museo del Risorgimento and you can see the royal apartments Royal Armoury, too.
* Museo Egizio is the third most important Egyptian museum in the world. It is housed in a huge baroque palace which also holds the Galleria Sagauda with a large collection of historic paintings.
* Piazza San Carlo, known as the "drawing room of Turin", is a beautiful baroque square with the twin churches of San Carlo and Santa Cristina as well as the above museum.
* Piazza Castello and Palazzo Reale are at the center of Turin. The square is a pedestrian area with benches and small fountains, ringed by beautiful, grand buildings.
* Il Quadrilatero is an interesting maze of backstreets with sprawling markets and splendid churches. This is another good place wo wander.
* Elegant and historic bars and cafes are everywhere in central Turin. Try a bicerin, a local layered drink made with coffee, chocolate, and cream. Cafes in Turin also serve other interesting trendy coffee drinks.