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National, regional, and global external quality control exercises – called “proficiency testing” (PT) – contribute to the assessment and monitoring of the performance of GLOSOLAN’s member laboratories in countries around the world. Soil Research Institute Analytical Services Laboratory (SRI-LAB), Kwadaso, Ghana ©Adams Sadick
I have the distinct pleasure of working with celebrities in my day job.
Some you all know.
Others you would never come across but in their respective areas of expertise, these people are world famous.
Kevin is that sort of celebrity.
Kevin can tell tell you the sounds that tens of thousand of spiders, large and small, will make as they attack an unsuspecting cheerleader or prom queen just come from the shower in an abandoned summer camp, her screams echoing through the remote valley as her boyfriend sleeps unaware.
He knows that doors with iron hinges creak and squeal much differently than those made of aluminum even if they both suspend the same dilapidated and worm-holed oak door.
He can share a vast collection of power tool sounds including an epic collection of chainsaws, both state-of-the-art and vintage.
And better still, he can demonstrate the sound said chainsaws make tearing through dilapidated doors, the roof of a car filled with college football stars screaming like my daughter and her friends did when they were 7, or even soft the sound a chainsaw makes tearing through flesh to hit bones (hmmmm, femur or scapula?)
And speaking of screaming, Kevin knows that the sound of a person screaming in a deep earthen hole is quite different than someone trapped in a basement or in the middle of a dark lake late a night while being repeatedly pulled under by unseen and malevolent forces.
Want a car slowly sliding down a precipice filled with people?
"What make of car? How many and how old are the folks trapped inside?" he will ask.
What sound does a large man wearing sneakers carrying a machete make as he creeps up an old stairwell?
"Does he want you to know he's coming for you? Because then, I might have the machete blade scream as it drags along the floorboard. And maybe we can make his breathing a bit labored...please?"
What sounds do a werewolf and a vampire make when enjoying a clandestine, passion fueled conjugal visit in a condemned mental institution?
"Hmmm, is she a screamer? Is this their first time together or has this relationship progressed to a more fantasy-fueled place? Let's see...let's see...what if they are interrupted by her drunken zombie ex-lover and his sociopathic friends?"
Oh yes, Kevin is a hoot and a half at Halloween. But he is even better in his sound studio working his otherworldly and truly terrifying magic.
So in exchange for this portrait, he has promised to create a thoughtful collection of sounds effects I can play to accompany and harmonize with my shutter clicks as interesting, unsuspecting people (along with my entourage of usual and suspecting suspects) come to visit.
Thank you, Kevin. Anything to make my shoots more memorable.
Google+: +Alan Shapiro
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© 2011 Alan Shapiro
Rafael Mariano Grossi, IAEA Director-General, delivers his opening remarks at the Nuclear Harmonization Standardization Initiative (NHSI) Kick-off meeting held at the Agency headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 23 June 2022
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
Rafael Mariano Grossi, IAEA Director General, delivers his remarks at the opening of the Nuclear Harmonization Standardization Initiative (NHSI) Wrap up session with presentation of the working group held at the Agency headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 24 June 2022
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
The Mellowmen are immortalized as busts in the Haunted Mansion, continuously serenading visitors with "Grim Grinning Ghosts."
"As the moon climbs high o'er the dead oak tree,
spooks come out for the midnight spree.
Creepy creeps with eerie eyes, start to shriek and harmonize.
Grim grinning ghosts come out to socialize!"
Nuclear Harmonization Standardization Initiative (NHSI) Kick-off meeting reception hosted by Rafael Mariano Grossi, IAEA Director-General at the Agency headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 23 June 2022
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
Nuclear Harmonization and Standardization Initiative (NHSI) meeting held at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 23 June 2022.
Photo Credit: Anass Tarhi / IAEA
Harmonize form and function with the Signo stainless steel wall mount letter box. This locking mailbox is constructed of 18-8 stainless steel to give a smooth look while still being secure and corrosion resistant.
Monday, May 16th, 2016
Fortune Brainstorm E
3:55 PM
THE NEW ECO-MODERNISM: CAN TECHNOLOGY SOLVE RESOURCE SCARCITY?
Traditional environmentalism argues that society should harmonize with nature. Some argue that this approach has failed and what is needed is a new way to think about our relationship to the world’s resources. Eco-modernism is about finding new technologies and financing models that allow humans to prosper while using less land, water, fuel, and energy and interfering less with the natural world. How does this work?
Matt Rogers, Director, McKinsey & Company
Michael Shellenberger, Founder and President, Environmental Progress
Maryrose Sylvester, President and CEO, Current, powered by GE
Moderator: Katie Fehrenbacher, Senior Writer and Co-chair, Brainstorm E, Fortune
Photograph by Stuart Isett/Fortune Brainstorm E
National, regional, and global external quality control exercises – called “proficiency testing” (PT) – contribute to the assessment and monitoring of the performance of GLOSOLAN’s member laboratories in countries around the world. Inhomogeneous material loaded into a barrel ©British Geologial Survey (BSG)
with a big thank you to Ken for his "Implausible Perspectives"
www.flickr.com/photos/fractal_ken/3455338375/in/set-72157...
The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) is one of a number of uniform acts that have been promulgated in conjunction with efforts to harmonize the law of sales and other commercial transactions in all 50 states within the United States of America. The Uniform Commercial Code is looked upon as the bible in the world of business. Under Caeser of Rome, it was established that all nations in the empire that do any form of business, should all play on a level field, but what is not told is that the UCC is based directly on Vatican Canon Law, of the Roman Canon Law, which means, its regulations are under the Roman Catholic Church. Now, you maybe wondering what this has to do with birth certificates, so let's break down the origin of birth certificates.
Question: What is a berth? To come into or dock at a wharf such as when a ship comes into a dock, it arrives. So consequently, when a ship pulls into a port, it pulls in and stops, that is called its berth, because the ship has now arrived. So because it is on the laws of the high seas, it is governed by the UCC Commercial Law. So when the ship pulls in to it's berth, the first thing the captain must do is to present a certificate of manifest to the port authorities. What is a certificate of manifest? It is a document listing a ship’s contents, cargo, crew, and passengers. So whatever the ship brings in at berth, the captain has to present a certificate of manifest showing the identity and value of the items on the ship. Now consequently, when people are born, they come out of their mother's water, therefore they must have a birth certificate, which is a certificate of manifest, because the people are considered a corporation owned item, they are a human resource. This goes back to the German Nazi concept, that every human coming out of their mother's water must be birthed, and therefore the people have to have a certificate of manifest, to see who this individual is and how much they are going to make for the government in their New World Order.
So, since the U.S. went bankrupt in 1933, all new money has to be borrowed into existence. All states started issuing serial-numbered, certificated "warehouse receipts" for births and marriages in order to pledge the people as collateral against those loans and municipal bonds taken out with the Federal Reserve's banks. The "Full faith and credit" of the American people is said to be that which back the nation's debt. That simply means the American people's ability to labor and pay back that debt. In order to catalog its laborers, the government needed an efficient, methodical system of tracking its property to that end. Humans today are looked upon merely as resources - "human resources," that is. Why do you think when you call to see if a company is hiring, you have to go through a division known as Human Resource? The people are resources to the government, their birth certificates are a security on the New York Stock Exchange, which is why if you look at all birth certificate's in America, it will say at the bottom this is printed on security paper, do not accept if not on full color security paper. At the bottom, you will always have a series of numbers, red numbers printed on the birth certificate, in which those numbers are a security stock exchange number on the World Stock Exchange, in which the American people are worth money to the International Bank that bought the government in the 1930's.
Governmental assignment of a dollar value to the heads of citizens in America began on July 14, 1862, when President Lincoln offered 6 percent interest bearing-bonds to states who freed their slaves on a "per head" basis. See the government knows that they can only extract so much money out of the economy, so their idea is to bankrupt private owners so that the banks who are behind this syndicate become the owners of all the assets in this country. That's the real scheme; that's the real motive. By encouraging Congress to spend money it doesn't have, Congress has to turn around and "lien" on American labor and American private property for collateral. See they do that by fraudulent conversion of birth certificates, for example. Doctors, who are franchisees of the state, are obliged to sign birth certificates and forward them on to the Secretary of State in Sacramento. They make certified copies and forward those birth certificates to the Department of Commerce in Washington, D.C. The Department of Commerce does the same thing: they make certified copies and forward them on to the International Monetary Fund in Brussels, Belgium.
Now this is the center of the hub of the banking syndicate and they are, of course, loaning these huge sums to various governments around the world, including the Congress of the United States. The Congress needs something for collateral, and what they use for collateral are these birth certificates. They get treated as certificates in equity which mature on the 18th birthday of the person whose name appears on the birth certificate. The bank then keeps track of these and uses the number that any particular nation has available, as collateral on the international debt, as "performance units" on the international debt. These certificates in equity end up being regarded as "performance units" on the international debt. The more of those you have, the more money you can borrow. It's like this: the more collateral I have, the more money I can borrow from banks and the more I can secure. So, governments are securing their international debt by "liening" on the persons and property of their citizens. They're doing this on a massive scale, and it's technically a fraudulent conversion of the birth certificate because, if they did that with your birth certificate, they never told you they were doing it. They never told you they were obtaining a lien on your person and starting a third-party debt that you're responsible for. You had no meaningful choice in the matter, which makes it an "unconscionable contract" by definition.
Think of it very simply, as walking into a department store and saying to the salesman, "I really like that refrigerator over there, I want to buy it, ship it to my home tomorrow, and send the bill to, say, Willy Brown." So the next day, the refrigerator ends up in your garage, and the bill ends up in Willy Brown's mail. Willy Brown opens his mail and says, "What's this, Sears? One refrigerator, $800? What is this? I didn't buy this. I'm not a party to this transaction. I didn't even know about it. Why are they billing me? There must be a mistake here." Well, this is kind of like what is happening now. In this example, the department store is the Federal Reserve. They're supplying Federal Reserve Notes, right? Willy Brown is the American people, and I -- the one who went in there and bought the refrigerator in the first place -- I represent Congress. And I'm saying, "Don't send the bill to me, send it to the American people. And you can lien on their property, by the way. You can use our police, we'll enforce it for you; we'll extract the money." So that's the fraud the government and Obama is keeping from the American people.
The fraud is that Congress bankrupted the U.S. Treasury and turned all their gold over to the Federal Reserve banks, which are not federal government agencies.
The Federal Reserve is a "municipal corporation" created by an act of Congress, but it's still a corporation. And all that gold is now in their hands. But there wasn't enough to discharge the debt that had accumulated up to 1933. They had to go into bankruptcy to discharge the rest of the debt. They're using standard federal bankruptcy rules for this, but the creditors, of course, are in charge. And they're back there telling Congress, "Go ahead, continue spending more money that you don't have, because we know we'll take it out of the land and the labor of the American people, ultimately." And that's what's going on. Look at the current economic situation, the government is using Obama to push this idea concept of stimulus checks as a way for slowing down inflation, creating jobs, and giving the American people more money to spend. Now to the average puppet, this doesn't seem like a bad idea, but what the government doesn't tell the people is that, in the process of them giving these stimulus checks for the American people to spend more money, it will only devalue the American Dollar, and the banks will close up, because how can you spend more in a recession to boost the economy? Therefore by the banks closing up, it will force the American people into a one way electronic spending money system, that will be monitored and administered by the government, forcing the people into compliance with their New World Order.
In 1921, the federal Sheppard-Towner Maternity Act created the birth "registration" or what we now know as the "birth certificate." It was known as the "Maternity Act" and was sold to the American people as a law that would reduce maternal and infant mortality, protect the health of mothers and infants, and for "other purposes." One of those other purposes provided for the establishment of a federal bureau designed to cooperate with state agencies in the overseeing of its operations and expenditures. What it really did was create a federal birth registry which exists today, creating "federal children." This government, under the doctrine of "Parens Patriae," now legislates for American children as if they are owned by the federal government. Through the public school enrollment process and continuing license requirements for most aspects of daily life, these children grow up to be adults indoctrinated into the process of asking for "permission" from the government imposing as God, to do all those things necessary to carry out daily activities that exist in what is called a "free country."
Before 1921 the records of births and names of children were entered into family bibles, as were the records of marriages and deaths. These records were readily accepted by both the family and the law as "official" records.
Since 1921 the American people have been registering the births and names of their children with the government of the state in which they are born, even though there is no federal law requiring it. The state tells you that registering your child's birth through the birth certificate serves as proof that he/she was born in the United States , thereby making him/her a United States Citizen. For the past several years a social security number has been mandated by the federal government to be issued at birth. In 1933, bankruptcy was declared by President Roosevelt. The governors of the then 48 States pledged the "full faith and credit" of their states, including the citizenry, as collateral for loans of credit from the Federal Reserve system. To wit:"Full faith and credit" clause of Const. U.S. article 4. sec. 1, requires that foreign judgement be given such faith and credit as it had by law or usage of state of its origin. That foreign statutes are to have force and effect to which they are entitled in home state. And that a judgement or record shall have the same faith, credit, conclusive effect, and obligatory force in other states as it has by law or usage in the state from whence taken.
The state claims an interest in every child within it's jurisdiction. The state will, if it deems it necessary, nullify your parental rights and appoint a guardian (trustee) over your children. The subject of every birth certificate is a child. The child is a valuable asset, which if properly trained, can contribute valuable assets provided by its labor for many years. Why do you think they teach teachers to not only teach their students, but their parents that their child needs a good education so that they can grow up and get a good job? Lol they been making the people slaves for years and no one has ever stopped to question them on it? The child itself, when born, is the asset of the trust established by the birth certificate, and the social security number is the numbering or registration of the trust, allowing for the assets of the trust to be tracked, thus making whomever gets a birth certificate owned by the state. Everyone who has a birth certificate, are considered assets of the bankrupt United States of America, which makes them designated by this government as "HUMAN RESOURCES".
www.transnational.org/SAJT/tff/people/m_chossudovsky.html
What does it take to harmonize data across many diverse economies? Hear the experience of how countries in the EAC worked with the IMF’s regional capacity development center, East AFRITAC, to produce fiscal statistics based on the latest international methodology.
Harmonize form and function with the Signo stainless steel wall mount letter box. This locking mailbox is constructed of 18-8 stainless steel to give a smooth look while still being secure and corrosion resistant.
St Mary Magdalene, Bermondsey, London
Sir,—A visit to this church will well repay a stranger, if only to see what can be done with an old building to render it in conformity with modern times. The church, we are told, was built in 1690 — that is, the body of the church. The tower is much older, and from the Norman arches supporting the second storey, seems to date from the period when "that grasping rasping race" held rule. These arches can at present only be seen by entering the belfry and opening the case of the organ, which occupies nearly the whole of the recess. There is, however, a drawing extant by Turner, R.A., which shows the vestibule of the church previous to the introduction of the belfry floor in 1722. The arches there delineated exhibit all the beauty seen in Norman structure, whilst the light emitted from the Gothic window (restored by G. Porter, Esq., in 1830) sheds a delightful chiara oscuro over the picture. The roof of the nave of the original church was supported, no doubt, upon a series of similar columns and arches, of which these only remain. While I am on the subject of the tower, I may mention that in 1733 the image of Mary Magdalen over the clock was ordered to be taken down, and iron bars put up in the belfry windows to prevent the boys from going on the leads; so even at that time the Bermondsey youths had to be restricted in their amusements.
In the beginning of the year 1676, the parish church being much decayed, and in great danger of falling, we find the vestry meeting, and agreeing that it shall be well and sufficiently repaired from the foundations upwards, at the charge of the parishioners. It was further ordered that a tabernacle be set up for the purpose of divine service, and that Dr. Parr, the rector, be requested to procure the bishop's licence for preaching therein. The cost of these reparations was about £1,799, and the necessary sum was raised by a three years' tax, together with subscriptions collected by a committee of gentlemen, formed to assist Dr. Parr in petitioning the Earl of Salisbury, and other persons of quality who were living out of the parish for their free gratuity towards the repairs of the church. William Castel, a Justice of the Peace, whose monument is at the south east-end of the church, seems to have taken a very active part in this re-building.
In the same year, we have the parish getting into litigation with the Quakers, who refused to pay the tax for the church, and which resulted in the imprisonment of some of that body; for in 1681 William Schoomger, a Quaker and pin-maker, attended before the vestry, and obtained the release of his friends upon their promising to do something for the parish in some other way, because, as they said, their consciences would not allow them to pay any tax for the repairs of a church which they neither do nor can worship in, and this spirit moving sect again contended with the parish in 1807.
In 1705 the north gallery was erected (at this time the hangings of the pulpit were of green velvet with gold fringe). Aubrey, writing in 1718, thus describes the chancel: "The altar piece is adorned with cornish and large compass pediment; under the latter are Queen Anne's arms, carved in relievo, and under the former the decalogue in two tablets placed between the portraits of Moses and Aaron." This carving has long since disappeared, and your correspondent was very much struck at seeing only a few years ago in the window of a public-house, called the King's Arms and Hand Inn, opposite the church, a shield of oak wainscoat of a like character to that in the church.
I went in and saw the landlord, who told me that he had found it among other lumber when the house was transferred to him, and that he had separated the lion and unicorn from it. He stated that as the house was the sign of the King's Arms, the carving represented the arms of the monarch who had quaffed a glass of foaming ale at the house. This was very fine, but scarcely agreed with the quartering on the shield which was such as Queen Anne alone bore, the arms of Scotland on its union being quartered for the first time with the royal arms during this reign, and no succeeding monarch ever bore the same arms. But to pass on. In 1795 the gallery on the south side was erected, the carvings of cherubims and oak leaves being of like description with the north gallery. The pulpit and desks were then removed from where they stood, and set up on the north side of the middle aisle.
In 1843, the old double pews were made single, and extensive alterations effected. The chancel window of stained glass was put in, with the dove holding an olive branch; this was the gift of the then contractor, James Hunt, Esq., of Idol-lane. The pillars supporting the church, which, till then, had been plain white, were painted imitation Sienna marble; the flags of the Bermondsey Volunteers were taken down, and the whole of the repairs cost about £500.
The present alterations consist in lowering the pews about a foot throughout the church; the backs have been also inclined. The carved pulpit, which dates from 1609, has been moved some seven feet farther east from its former position, enabling a better view of the preacher to be had, as also of affording more pew accommodation. The old reading-desk has disappeared, and a neat oak one, divided by Gothic panels, in admirable keeping with the early portion of the church, has been substituted. This has been erected upon a raised platform on the south side of the chancel.
Two new coronas, each with eighteen burners, for lighting the church, have been introduced, and does credit to the taste of the churchwarden, G. Redgrave, Esq., who has personally superintended the whole of the recent improvements. The Tuscan columns supporting the roof have been cleaned and revarnished, the bases painted imitation red granite, the corbels white. The columns of the composite order supporting the galleries are red. The carvings of the cherubims, fruit, and festoons in the communion have been painted white, enriched with gold; the paterers adorning the ceiling have been likewise gilt, with cobalt ground, and harmonizes nicely with the stained glass window.
The manner in which the alterations have been viewed by the parishioners is evinced by the crowded state of the church during the two last Sundays, and betokens that they admire both sound gospel preaching and comfortable seats. The services at this church, commencing at 11 am, and 6.30 p.m., are conducted by the Rev. Lewen Tugwell, the rector; there is also afternoon service at 3 o'clock for the benefit of persons unable to attend at the other services. This is under the able ministration of the Rev. R. S. Keitch, the senior curate. I may mention as a sign of the times that the alterations have been effected by voluntary means.
[Newspaper cutting , 1870s]
A bulk upload from the superb all-dayer at MK11 on 6th November 2022 as Solstice launched their new album "Light Up" in front of an enthusiastic audience.
Andy Glass (Guitars) was on top form, as was lead vocalist Jess Holland and Jenny Newman on the fiddle. Steven Macdonald's sublime keys and a tight rhythm section in Peter Hemsley (drums) and Robin Philips )bass) were backed up on vocals by the delightful Ebony Buckle and Jen Sanin.
Solstice were joined on stage for their latest epic piece "Bulbul Tarang" by guest vocalist Chris Samson, whose harmonizing with Jess really sets this song off after a blistering solo from Andy.
38 years after releasing their first album, Solstice are at the height of their powers.
via WordPress biophytopharm.com/what-is-aromatherapy-and-essential-oils/
What is Aromatotherapy
What is aromatherapy?
Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils for therapeutic purposes.
Each of them has specific properties, it can be used to treat various ailments, physical as well
that psychological. The small molecular size of the essential oils allows them to be easily absorbed,
through the nose, mouth or skin. They penetrate quickly into the bloodstream and have immediate action
on the metabolism which explains their incredible efficiency.
The application of this natural therapy is based on a strict and rigorous approach, based on serious and demonstrated scientific studies.The main goal of aromatherapy is to soothe and heal, to restore the balance of the body to harmonize the physical and the minds of individuals.Through their action, essential oils trigger and reinforce the natural process of self-healing.
This starts from the principle recognized that the smells influence us and act in a beneficial way on our unconscious and our organism.Each essential oil has its own peculiarities when it is judiciously chosen, it helps to stimulate the body’s natural defenses and often acts as a preventive agent. Essential oils act as gently, they soothe and stimulate the intellect, whet the appetite and act in a beneficial way on the emotions. This results in an improved general condition and a feeling of well-being accentuated.
What is an essential oil?
An essential oil is a product derived from the distillation of one or more parts of a plant: leaves, flowers, fruits,
barks, roots, seeds, resin etc.
Essential oils can be extracted from aromatic plants by different techniques, but the two main ones
Extraction processes are a steam distillation and cold expression of zests (used for citrus fruits). These two methods ensure excellent final quality and make it possible to obtain essential oils from molecules. extremely powerful aromas with exceptional therapeutic properties.
A true essential oil, which should not be confused with a synthetic molecule, a fragrance or an extract
flavored vegetable, has vast medicinal properties and high olfactory qualities. Note that it is always necessary
a huge amount of plants to carry out the distillation because the concentration of essential oil in the
plants is always tiny. This can sometimes explain the high cost of some essential oils because it often takes
several tons of vegetable matter to extract a single liter of essential oil.
Note also that, contrary to what its name suggests, an essential oil is not a fat. composite
only volatile aromatic molecules, it is not oily like a vegetable oil. Aromatic, pure and natural, of complex chemical composition, obtained exclusively from raw material vegetable, essential oils have abundant qualities. Their many therapeutic properties and virtues olfactory, make them valuable and beneficial for health. They are widely used in areas like perfumery and aromatherapy.
Fragrance or essential oil?
The fragrances and essential oils share many similarities, but also several fundamental differences,
that it is important to emphasize.
Essential oils are pure and natural molecules. Derived from distillation, it was cut with no other product and come exclusively from plants. They are recognized and appreciated for their perfume, subtle
and intense, and their medicinal virtues. They have several proven beneficial effects on the body and are greatly used in aromatherapy. Their main virtue is an increase in the feeling of well being, as much physical as
psychological.
The fragrances are synthetic molecules reconstituted, they allow to enjoy the perfumes, often impossible
to extract by distillation, certain fruits, herbs or flowers. They do not contain true natural essence
and their contribution to aromatherapy is strictly at the olfactory level and not medicinal. They have everything
likewise virtues because even if they are synthetic, the quality fragrances help to find calm and to relieve
the stress. In conclusion, an essential oil or a fragrance may both be suitable for diffusion. A choice
and personalized, of a quality product, can indifferently be appreciated and act effectively in the environment.
Safe use of essential oils
Air diffusion remains one of the safest ways to benefit from the properties of oils essential.
Most of the unfortunate incidents associated with the use of essential oils are usually related to bad
use or lack of knowledge, such as direct application to the skin or mucous membranes.
As with any substance, essential oils have potentially allergenic or toxic effects.
However, all these problems are avoided when dealing with a reliable company, people well informed and
products deemed safe. Risks for pregnant women, young children, the elderly or sick
can be easily avoided.
Because if oral absorption or skin application is to be avoided in some In this case, the controlled and well-targeted release of essential oils chosen and deemed safe remains the safest to use. Thus, the nebulization ensures, by its advanced technique, the controlled diffusion in quantity and in quality, our products, all guaranteed reliable and without risk to health. Bad dosages and related dangers misuse are therefore eliminated and guarantee a safe use of our essential oils.
The therapeutic properties of essential oils in diffusion
Used in diffusion, essential oils have a very wide power of action. As the body does not develop
they can take advantage of their many beneficial effects on an ongoing basis. Several studies
have shown that essential oils are able to attack very powerful microbes, destroying them and
thus preventing their proliferation. Essential oils also fight effectively against bacterial infections than viral or parasitic. They are:
Antibacterial
Essential oils have a power of electromagnetic attraction on the molecular organisms that are found
in the ambient air. Various factors, like pollution or a lot of people in one place, drastically reduce the number of negative ions in the ambient air, which then takes care of bacteria (positive ions) that can cause various infections. Diffuse essential oils fight against these bacteria since they charge in the air negative ions that neutralize the positive ions.
These results do not surprise the researcher Monique Lacroix, who studies the antibacterial properties of oils
at the Institut Armand-Frappier in Laval: “We have seen that at very low concentrations, oils essential can eliminate bacteria. The concentration of the mixture increases the efficiency. Sprayed on a wall, the oil is in direct contact with the bacteria. The chances of eliminating it are therefore better. “His team has studied more than 200 essential oils rich in phenols to find the ones that are most effective against pathogenic bacteria, such as E. coli, salmonella and staph: Thyme, oregano, clove and cinnamon would be among the most promising.
The antibacterial effect of essential oils has also been proven in an English hospital. Researchers from the University of Manchester have highlighted the highly antibacterial effect of essential oils. An oil diffuser has been installed for 9 months in 2 rooms of a hospital. Result: a 90% decrease in bacteria in the air and a reduction number of infections were found.
Fungal
They prevent and treat fungal infections caused by microscopic fungi. (Ex: Cedar, Melissa,
Geranium, Palmarosa.)
Antiseptics
They prevent and fight infections by destroying germs and stopping their reproduction.
(Ex: Lemon, Cajeput, Lavender, Pine)
Antiviral
They stop the development of viruses, highly sensitive to its aromatic molecules and stimulate the immune system.(Ex: Tea Tree, Eucalyptus, Lavender, Rosemary, Thyme.)
Purifying
Disseminated in the atmosphere they cleanse and deodorize the air. They disinfect and prevent contagion
while perfuming pleasantly. (Ex: Lime, Grapefruit, Petit Grain, Fir.)
Revitalizing
Because of their rapid penetration ability, they revitalize weak cells in the body. They act
at the level of global energy, regulate the activity of the glands, promote the secretion of hormones and balance the nervous system. (Ex: Basil, Cypress, Mint, Clary Sage)
Mosquito repellent
Essential oils are well known to make life hard for all kinds of insects and they have proven themselves
as a repellent, mosquito repellent and anti-parasitic agent. They constitute a natural alternative to different
products on the market that are not always safe for health and the environment. The
essential oils have a preventive effect by discouraging insects from invading a place, in addition to being repulsive and
to drive them out of a place they have already invested. They have the advantages, and even more, of a classic repellent,
without the harmful and sometimes dangerous consequences for the health of a product that may contain elements
toxic. Considered a highly effective bio-repellent agent, essential oils keep mites at bay,
fleas and lice. Diffused in the ambient air, they would protect in particular attacks of mosquitoes,
by masking the smell of CO2 emanating from the human body. Their pleasant scent added to their efficient action, make
essential oils an essential natural alternative.
The essential oils recognized as the most effective mosquito repellent are: Lemongrass, Eucalyptus,
Lavender, Lavandin, Rose Geranium and Peppermint.
The different olfactory notes
In aromatherapy, it must be taken into account that odors evaporate at different speeds in order to elaborate
a balanced fragrance. A fragrance evolves, transforms and evaporates. The system of the pyramid (the pyramid of perfumes) takes into account these peculiarities by classifying the essences in three notes:
The top note It consists of the lightest materials. It’s the smell that you smell first and disappear most quickly.
This note does not stay long but, as it is the first one we feel, it is decisive in the signature of a composition. Fresh and lively this note consists mainly of citrus fruits and lavender, a
flower, which is an exception in this category.
The heart note
It consists of molecules with medium volatility. It persists a little longer than the top note. It is it gives body and determines the character of a composition. It plays the role of liaison between the top note and
the bottom note. It mainly includes flowers and herbs.
The bottom note
It is made up of the heaviest essences. It is she whose smell is the most persistent, the scent that remains
delicately when the other notes have vanished. Used in minute quantities, because of its power, its role
principal is to fix the other notes. It is indispensable in a composition and helps to give a touch
balanced final. This note is drawn mainly from bark or scented roots.
The post What is aromatherapy and Essential oils? appeared first on BIOPHYTOPHARM.
Nuclear Harmonization Standardization Initiative (NHSI) Kick-off meeting reception hosted by Rafael Mariano Grossi, IAEA Director-General at the Agency headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 23 June 2022
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
Thanks to a double voice box, this thrush can self harmonize to produce beautiful, haunting songs. Seen at Summerhaven. Mt. Lemmon.
Two primary school buildings by Herman. Hertzberger, 1980-1983, Amsterdam
Grouped around a communal courtyard are three schools, the so-called Apollo schools, which harmonize with their surroundings because of their villa-like appearance. The Montessori School and Willemspark School were designed by Herman Hertzberger, the third school was designed by Liesbeth van der Pol. The two schools by Hertzberger are based on an identical basic scheme: a square, in the four corners of which are classrooms grouped around a central hall. By introducing variation in the detailing and through the positioning of the windows, the architect has given each school its own identity. The schools have been positioned so that the schoolyard is divided into a semi-public section and a more sheltered section; this latter area has been specially designed for small children. The infants have an entrance on the ground floor, beneath the exterior stairway. The entrances for the older children are situated above, on either side of a spacious hall which also functions as an auditorium. This space is used not only for performances, but also as a place where children can work individually or in groups. The plan functions in such a way that users and visitors are led via subtle transitions from the public street to the compact enclosed space in the school.
Oesterreichische Nationalbank
Logo of the Austrian National Bank
Headquarters Vienna, Austria
Central Bank of Austria
Currency€
To ISO 4217 EUR
website
Previous Austro- Hungarian Bank
List of Central Banks
Oesterreichische Nationalbank, at Otto-Wagner -Platz No. 3, Vienna
The Austrian National Bank (OeNB), Austria's central bank as an integral part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and the Eurosystem. It is instrumental in the design of the economic development in Austria and in the euro area. Legally, the OeNB is a public limited company.. However, it is also subject to further enshrined in the National Bank Act regulations resulting from its separate position as a central bank. In the framework of the Eurosystem, the OeNB contributes to a stability-oriented monetary policy. At the national level, it cares about the preservation of financial stability and the money supply and manage foreign exchange reserves to hedge against the euro in times of crisis. The guideline values in terms of the tasks of the Austrian National Bank are "security, stability and trust".
Contents
1 History
1.1 1816 to 1818
1.2 1818 to 1878
1.3 1878 to 1922
1.4 1922 to 1938
1.5 1938 to 1945
1.6 1945 to 1998
1.7 From 1999
2 The OeNB as a modern central bank
3 Legal form and organs
3.1 Legal framework
3.2 organs
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 General
3.2.3 Board of Directors
4 Tasks
4.1 Monetary policy strategies and monetary policy decision-making process
4.1.1 Economic analysis
4.1.2 Production of statistical information
4.1.3 Contribute to international organizations
4.2 Implementation of monetary policy
4.2.1 use of monetary policy instruments
4.2.2 Reserve Management
4.2.3 Money Supply
4.3 Communication of monetary policy
4.4 ensure financial stability
4.4.1 Financial Stability
4.4.2 Payment System Stability and payments
5 The OeNB in the European System of National Banks
6 President / Governors
7 See also
8 Literature
9 links
10 Notes and references
History
1816-1818
As long as 50 years before the founding of the National Bank the Habsburgs carried out first experiments with securities in the form of paper money. Finally, in the 18th Century the issue of banknotes transferred to a state independent institution, while the issue of paper money called "Banco notes," founded in 1705 by the "Vienna City Bank" took place in 1762.
In wartime governance took back control of the money issue, so there was an inflation of Banco-Zettel 1796-1810. The state ordered the forced acceptance of paper money in private transport, which led to a fast-growing discount on bills in the market. 1799 was therefore one for 100 guilders paper money only 92 guilders in silver coins, and at the end of 1810 the value of the paper florin had fallen to 15 % of the nominal value of the Banco-Zettel. Later, the Habsburgs declared a devaluation of the Banco-Zettel in the ratio of 5:1. This act was considered by the business community as a sovereign default, which the paper money experienced a rapid devaluation.
At the end of the Napoleonic wars the Habsburg multinational state ( → Habsburg Monarchy) faced a new challenge: the restoration of a European balance. Church, the nobility, the army and the bureaucracy as elements in the Ancien Régime were not sufficient to solve this problem, a well -founded economic situation was needed. Moreover, one could not ignore readily the laws of supply and demand.
In this regard, were the first June 1816 by Emperor Francis I two patents issued (later to distinguish the "main patent" or "bank patent"), the "privileged Austrian National Bank", conceived as a public company, had to constitute itself as soon a possible, propose the emperor three of its directors for selection of the governor and take up their activity provisionally on 1 July 1816.
The National Bank had henceforth a monopoly on the issuance of paper money, which led to a slowdown in the Austrian monetary system and an increase in the value of paper money. The economy was again a solid source of money keeping constant the value of money regardless of the spending plans of the State. The equity of the Bank justified this by share issues.
Initially comprised the activities of the bank - under temporary management - the redemption of paper money and the issuance of shares. The full effectiveness attained the National Bank until after the issue of 1,000 shares and the associated possibility of shareholders to set the management themselves.
1818-1878
On 15 July 1817 recieved the National Bank as the "first Bankprivilegium" the exclusive right to unrestricted issue of banknotes and in this context a special position in terms of Rediskontgeschäfts (rediscount business). Beginning of 1818 the definitive bank management was ready. Part of it were among leading figures of Viennese society, including the banker Johann Heinrich von Geymüller and Bernard of Eskeles. From 1830 to 1837 the Office of the Governor was held by Adrian Nicholas Baron Barbier.
In the countries of the Habsburg Monarchy, which were characterized in large part by an agricultural oriented activity pattern, some regions showed a lively commercial-industrial growth. The goal now was to create a system of economic exchange between these areas. Successively established the National Bank branch network and thus guaranteed a uniform money and credit supply. From its headquarters in Vienna this network extended over early industrial areas and commercial centers in Eastern and Central Europe to the northern Mediterranean.
Trade bills and coins were preferred assets of the National Bank, less the supply of money to the state. With the exchange transactions, the National Bank supported the economic growth of the monarchy and secured at the same time the supply of silver coins in the event that the need for these increases in exchange for bank notes, contrary to expectations. 1818 was the National Bank, however, by increasing public debt, due to high spending in times of crisis, not spared to make an increase in the government debt positions on the asset side of its balance sheet.
The patent provisions of the founding of the National Bank not sufficiently secured against the autonomy of governance. At the center of the struggle for independence, this was the question of the extent to which the issue of banknotes must be made on the basis of government bonds. In 1841, a renewal of Bankprivilegiums got a weakening of the independence by pushing back the influence of the shareholders in favor of the state administration. During the revolution of 1848/49 followers of constitutional goals received great support from senior figures in the National Bank. For about a hundred years, the Austrian branch of the Rothschild bank (from which from 1855, the "Royal Privileged Austrian Credit-Institute for Commerce and Industry", the later Creditanstalt, was born) was playing a leading role in the banking center of Vienna. Salomon Mayer von Rothschild was involved during the pre-March in all major transactions of the National Bank for the rehabilitation of the state budget.
Special focus the National Bank was putting on the development of the premium that was payable at the exchange of banknotes into silver money in business dealings. The increase, which corresponded to a depreciation of the notes issued by the Bank should be prevented. From an overall state perspective, the increase of the silver premium means a deterioration in terms of the exchange ratio towards foreign countries, influencing the price competitiveness of the Austrian foreign trade adversely. The stabilization of the premium were set some limits. Although the height of the emission activitiy was depending on the Bank, but also the price of silver and the potential effects of increased government debt materially affected the silver premium. Especially the 1848 revolution and conflicts in the following years caused an increasement of the silver premium.
Mid-century, the private banking and wholesale houses were no longer able to cope with the rapidly growing financial intermediation of the Habsburg monarchy. New forms of capital formation were required. From an initiative of the House of Rothschild, the first by the government approved and private joint-stock bank was created. This formation was followed in 1863 and 1864 by two other joint-stock banks, whose major shareholders included important personalities of the aristocracy, who possessed large liquid funds. Overall, grew with these banks the money creation potential of the "financial center of Vienna".
The central bank faced another difficult task: with its limited resources it had to secure sufficient liquidity on the one hand and on the other hand prevent the inflationary expansion of the money supply. Through close contacts with the shareholders of Vienna was a financial center (informal) ballot, especially in times of crisis, easily dealt out. In contrast, it gave differences of opinion in the Fed Board, which required enforcement of decisions.
In 1861, Friedrich Schey Koromla became director of the National Bank. On 27 December 1862 experienced the Bankprivilegium another innovation. The independence of the National Bank of the State was restored and anchored. Furthermore, was introduced the direct allocation of banknotes in circulation by the system of "Peel'schen Bank Act", which states that the fixed budget of 200 million guilders exceeding circulation of banknotes must be covered by silver coins. In 1866, when the German war ended in defeat for Austria, the compliance of the system was no longer met. The state felt itself forced to pay compensation for breach of privilege. This balance was supported by a law of 1872, after the National Bank may issue notes up to a maximum of 200 million guilders and each additional payment must be fully backed by gold or silver.
1873 the economic boom of the Habsburg monarchy was represented in a long-lasting rise in the share price. A now to be expecting break could by the behavior of the Vienna Stock not be intercepted, so it came to the "Great Crash of 1873". The in 1872 fixed restrictions of the circulation of notes for a short time have been suspended. Contrary to expectations, the money supply in crisis peak but only outgrew by nearly 1% the prescribed limit in the bank acts. The banks and the industrial and commercial companies survived the crash without major losses, although the share prices significantly lay below the initial level.
The years with high growth were followed by a period of stagnation.
1878-1922
As part of the compensation negotiations between Austria and Hungary in 1867, the National Bank was able to exercise fully their Privilegialrechte, the Kingdom of Hungary but now had the certified right, every ten years exercisable, to found an own central bank (bank note). As resulted from the first 10 -year period that furthermore none of the two parts of the monarchy wanted to build an independent money-issuing bank (Zettelbank), was built on 28 June 1878, initially to 31 December 1887 limited, an Austro-Hungarian Bank, and equipped with the Fed privilege. The first privilege of the new bank was a compromise in which on the one hand, regulations on liability for national debts as well as regulations limiting the influence of the government on banking businesses were included. 1878 Gustav Leonhardt was Secretary of the Bank.
The General Assembly and the General Council formed the unit of the bank management. Two directorates and major institutions - in Vienna and Budapest - represented the dual nature of the bank. 1892-1900 followed a long discussion finally the currency conversion from guilders (silver currency) to the crown (gold standard) with "Gold Crown" said coins.
Since the new banknotes were very popular in the public, now many gold coins piled up in the vaults of the Austro-Hungarian Bank. This period was characterized by a balanced combination of price growth and damping, the "per capita national product" grew while prices remained mostly stable. Against this background, it was easy for the Fed to encourage a new wave of industrialization.
With a third privilege in 1899 conditions were established under which the bank could be put into the financial services of the two countries, on the other hand there have been important innovations that paved a good exchange policy. By 1914, the exchange ratio of the Austro-Hungarian currency was unchanged with only minor fluctuations. In contrast, was the by conflicts marked political development.
The expansive foreign policy quickly led to high costs from which had to be shouldered by the central bank a significant part. The stability of the currency was in danger. Shortly after the beginning of World War I in 1914, laid down the Military Command to indemnify any seized property with double the price. There was an increasing scarcity of goods, connected with an ongoing expansion of the money supply and finally the increase in the price level on the 16-fold.
The resulting cost of the war of the Dual Monarchy were covered to 40% on central bank loans and 60% through war bonds. Over the duration of the war, the power force built up in recent decades has been frozen at the end of the conflict in 1918, the real income of the workers had fallen to one-fifth of the last year of peace.
With the end of the war the end for the old order had come, too. The decay of Cisleithania and Transleithania caused in several successor states, despite the efforts of the central bank to maintain the order, a currency separation (see Crown Currency in the decay of the monarchy, successor states). First, a separate "Austrian management" of the bank was introduced. It was encouraged to shoulder the shortcomings of the state budget of the Republic of Austria founded in 1918.
The new South Slav state began in January 1919 stamping its crown banknotes. The newly founded Czechoslovak Republic retained the crown currency (to date), but their printed banknotes in circulation as of February 1919 with indications that now these ar Czechoslovak crowns. (The country could an inflation as experienced by Austria avoide.) In March 1919, German Austria began to stamp its crown banknotes.
The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye of 10 September 1919, by Austria on 25 October 1919 ratified and which on 16 July 1920 came into force, determined the cancellation and replacement of all crown banknotes of all successor states of Austria-Hungary as well as the complete liquidation of the Austro-Hungarian Bank under the supervision of the war winners. The last meetings of the Bank took place mid 1921 and at the end of 1922.
After a period of overvaluation of the crown the dollar rate rose from 1919 again. 1921, had to be paid over 5,000 Austrian crowns per dollar. In addition to the significant drop in the external value existed in Austria rising inflation. End of 1922 was ultimately a rehabilitation program with foreign assistance - the "Geneva Protocol" - passed which slowed down the inflation.
1922-1938
With Federal Law of 24 July 1922 the Minister of Finance was commissioned to build a central bank, which had to take over the entire note circulation plus current liabilities of the Austrian management of the Austro-Hungarian Bank. With Federal Law of 14 November 1922, certain provisions of the law were amended and promulgated the statutes of the Austrian National Bank. By order of the Federal Government Seipel I 29 December 1922, the Board of the Austrian Austro-Hungarian Bank issued authorization for the central bank union activity with 1 January 1923 have been declared extinct and was made known the commencement of operations of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank this day.
The statutes of the Austrian National Bank (OeNB) secured the independence from the state, the independence of the Bank under exclusion of external influences and the corresponding equity. First, the stabilization of the Austrian currency was at the forefront. With the Schilling Act of 20 December 1924 was the schilling currency (First Republic) with 1 Introduced in March 1925, it replaced the crown currency. For 10,000 crowns now you got a shilling.
As an important personality in terms of the order of the state budget, Dr. Victor Kienböck has to be mentioned. He was in the time from 1922 to 1924 and from 1926 to 1929 finance minister of the First Republic and from 1932 to 1938 President of the Austrian National Bank. Through his work remained the Austrian Schilling, also beyound the global economy crisis, stable. Under this condition, the Fed was able to cope with the large number of bank failures of the past.
1938-1945
According to the on 13th March issued Anschlussgesetz (annexation law) , the Reichsmark with order of the Fuehrer and Chancellor of 17 was March 1938 introduced in the country Austria and determines the course: A Reichsmark is equal to one shilling fifty pence. On the same day, the Chancellor ordered that the management of the to be liquidated National Bank was transferred to the Reichsbank.
With regulation of three ministers of the German Reich of 23 April 1938, the National Bank was established as a property of the Reichsbank and its banknotes the quality as legal tender by 25 April 1938 withdrawn; public funds had Schilling banknotes until 15th of may in 1938 to accept. All the gold and foreign exchange reserves were transferred to Berlin.
The Second World War weakened the Austrian economy to a great extent, the production force after the war corresponded to only 40% of that of 1937 (see also air raids on Austria). To finance the war, the Reichsbank brought to a high degree banknotes in circulation, which only a great victory of the kingdom (Reich) actual values would have been opposable. Since prices were strictly regulated, inflation virtually could be "banned" during the war.
1945-1998
In occupied postwar Austria about 10 billion shillings by Allied military occupying powers were initially printed, which contributed to significant price increases.
With the re-establishment of the Republic of Austria by the Austrian declaration of independence of 27 April 1945, it came to the resumption of activities of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank. By the "Fed Transition Act" of July 1945 preliminary legal regulations for the operations of the Bank have been established. The restoration of the Austrian currency was their first big job. The goal was the summary of all currencies, which at the time were in circulation, and their secondment to a new Austrian currency. The "Schilling Act" of November 1945, the basis for the re-introduction of the Schilling (Second Republic) as legal tender in Austria. The next step was to reduce excess liquidity to make necessary funds for new business investment available and to make the external value of the shilling for the development of the economy competitive. First, however, less changed the inflationary situation and also the shilling was still significantly undervalued in relation to other currencies.
The "Currency Protection Act" of 1947 brought a significant change in the monetary overhang. Some deposits have been deleted without replacement, others converted into claims against the Federal Treasury. The following exchange operations also significantly reduced the amount of cash: banknotes from 1945 were canceled and exchanged for new schilling notes in the ratio 1:3. Only 150 shillings per person could go 1-1.
To control inflation, the social partners came to the foreground. The associations of employers and employees set in 1947 prices for supplies, wages were also raised. This was the first of the five "wage-price agreements" of the social partners. In 1952, inflation was held back by limiting the use of monetary policy instruments by the National Bank. Also, the external sector slowly relaxed after the end of the Korean War.
In 1955, the Austrian National Bank was re-established by the new National Bank Act as a corporation and the by the National Bank Transition of Authorities Act (Nationalbank-Überleitungsgesetz) established provisional arragement abolished. The National Bank Act stipulated that each half of the capital should be situated at the federal government and private shareholders. In addition to the independence of bank loans of the state, the new National Bank Act also contained an order that the central bank must watch within their monetary and credit policies on the economic policies of the federal government. From now on also included within the instruments of the National Bank were the areas open market and minimum reserve policy.
The Austrian economy increasingly stabilized, through good fiscal and monetary policy a high growth could be attained, with low inflation and long-term maintenance of external equilibrium.
1960, Austria joined the European Free Trade Association and participated in the European integration.
In the sixties came the international monetary system based on gold-dollar convertibility into currency fluctuations and political reforms were necessary. First, the loosening of exchange rate adjustments between several states was an option. However, U.S. balance of payments problems brought with it restrictions on capital movements, and then the Euro-Dollar market was born. In 1971, the convertibility of the U.S. dollar was lifted.
1975 interrupted a recession increasing growth time. International unbalanced ayments caused very extensive foreign exchange movements, whereby the intervention force of Austrian monetary policy has been strongly challenged. Their task now was to control the effect of foreign exchange on domestic economic activities to stabilize the shilling in the context of constantly shifting exchange rates and to control the price rise appropriately. Since the inflow of foreign funds reached to high proportions, so that the economic stability has been compromised, the policy went the way of the independent course design in a pool of selected European currencies.
The collapse of the economy forced the policy makers to a new course with active mutual credit control, subdued wage growth, financial impulses in supply and demand, and interest rates are kept low. This system of regulation, however, kept back the need for structural change, so it had to be given up in 1979. In the same year a fire destroyed large parts of the main building of the Austrian National Bank in Vienna. The repairs lasted until 1985.
Target in the eighties was to strengthen the economic performance using a competitive power comparison. The findings from the seventies stimulated the Austrian monetary policy to align the Schilling course at the Deutsche Mark to ensure price stability in the country. In addition, the structural change was initiated by inclusion in a large area. Stable, if not necessarily comfortable environment of monetary policy was a prerequisite, to secure the companies long-term productivity gains and thus safeguard their position in the economy.
Initially, this development stood a high level of unemployment in the way. Growth until the second half of the decade increased, at the same time increased the competitiveness and current accounts could be kept in balance.
In the nineties, the annexation of Austria took place in the European Community. 1995 Austria became a member of the European Union (EU) and joined the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System. In 1998, the Central Banks (ESCB) have established the independence of institutions or bodies of the European Community and the governments of the EU Member States through an amendment to the National Bank Act of the Austrian National Bank to implement the goals and tasks of the European System. Thus, the legal basis for the participation of Austria in the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) was created in 1999.
As of 1999
The Austrian National Bank, and other national central banks including the European Central Bank ( ECB), belongs to the European System of Central Banks.
On 1 January 1999 was introduced in the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union in Austria and ten other EU Member States, the euro as a common currency. The European Central Bank is henceforth responsible for monetary and currency policy, decisions in this regard will be taken in accordance with the Council of the European Central Bank.
Since May 2010, the OeNB is in full possession of the Republic of Austria, after originally lobbies, banks and insurance companies were involved with 50 % of the share capital in it. In 2011, the National Bank Act was adapted by an amendment (Federal Law Gazette I No. 50 /2011) in this circumstance, a renewed privatization is thus excluded by law.
The OeNB as a modern central bank
With the withdrawal from the retail business in the sixties as well as the first major internationalization and implementation of a strategic management in the seventies, the OeNB went on the way to a future-oriented central bank. Another major reform of banking began at the end of the eighties.
In terms of global development, the OeNB established in 1988 as a service company and expanded its guiding values - "security, stability and trust" - to the principles of " fficiency" and "cost-consciousness". The business center was optimized and strategic business experienced through targeted improvements a reinforcement. Be mentioned as examples are intensifying domestic cooperation in the area of payments by encouraging the creation of the Society for the Study co-payments (STUZZA), the liberalization of capital movements, the professional management of foreign exchange reserves, the improvement of the supply of money through the construction of the money center and the internationalization of business activities through the establishment of representative offices in Brussels (European Union), Paris (OECD) and the financial center of New York.
After Austria's accession to the EU in 1995, the OeNB participated in the European Monetary System (EMS ) and its Exchange Rate Mechanism. The integration in the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) was the next step towards further development of policy stability. Since the conclusion of the Maastricht Treaty, the Austrian National Bank has very fully considered its role in the ESCB and created a basis for inclusion in the community. The profound economic and monetary policy of Austria was also a reference that qualified the OeNB to actively participate in the monetary future of Europe, a greater harmonization of the statistical framework and monetary policy instruments with a view to the euro system, the preparation of the issue of European banknotes, and the establishment of operational processes and organizational integration of business processes within the ESCB being specific objectives of the OeNB.
In the following, it came, inter alia, to the establishement of an economic study department, of an education or training initiative and to strengthen the position of payment transactions through the TARGET system.
A in 1996 created "OeNB master plan" provided important points for the upcoming transition to the euro.
In May 1998, a new pension system came into force, by which new employees were incorporated into a two-pillar model.
1999, Austria's participation in the third stage of EMU was manifest. The Austrian National Bank - as part of the ESCB - became the owner of the European Central Bank and received new powers in this context in the sense of participation in the monetary policy decision-making at the level of the European Community. With the introduction of the euro, monetary policy functions of the General Council have been transferred to the Governing Council. However, the implementation remains the responsibility of national central banks.
Activities of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank were or are, for example, the further professionalization of asset management, the expansion of the network of representative offices by opening a representative office in the financial center of London, preparation of the smooth introduction of euro cash in 2002 and the participation of the OeNB on the creation of the "A-SIT" (Center for secure Information Technology Center - Austria) and the "A-Trust" (society of electronic security systems in traffic GmbH ) in order to promote security in information technology.
Nuclear Harmonization Standardization Initiative (NHSI) Kick-off meeting reception hosted by Rafael Mariano Grossi, IAEA Director-General at the Agency headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 23 June 2022
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
I don’t know why you would use this title for an album.
I will admit, Wale and I only have this in common. We love Seinfeld. That is my absolute favorite sitcom. Wale cleverly puts "The" in front of each title track, just like how each episode title of Seinfeld was structured. So, the first song, is titled "The Intro About Nothing". And at the start of every track on here, Jerry Seinfeld is featured talking about something related to the song. Ultimately, Wale made songs about things he and Seinfeld were discussing. This song does feature some pretty interesting production, it's a bit uplifting and soulful, and during the hook it does pick up - loud percussion and the vocal harmonizing in the background adds a lot. I like it. This is an intro that reminds me of something like J. Cole's and Logic's intro to their albums.
Music:
He explains the overall concept behind this Album About Nothing on the bridge, saying:
I figure they don’t care nothing about albums
So why not give them an album about nothing
"The Helium Balloon" - Wale is the Helium Balloon. When the listener listens to and absorbs his music they are “lifted” just as a helium balloon elevates in air. Again, with some pretty cool production. Produced By DJ Dahi & Sonny Digital.
[Verse 1]
I used to put my faith in the yarn, and now communication is gone
I agree we've gone distant, my new location the charts
Naw, mm, can't count the days, but let's just say five
Years, coming of age, it make you blow by your day job
So cry for me, wild for me
It's a horror story, eyes 20/20s that I-M-E your normal C
And I'd be different gettin' diplomas in peace
But gettin' applause and across, I'm hittin' Diplo for a beat
Slight work to Dahi, it's a purpose y'all see
In a world of dopplegangers, niggas ain't worth the copy
You capiche? You got me cold
Niggas'll fly you up this high, won't let you fly to the moon
Goin' up!
And right after this, the beat flips. It's cool, it sounds atmospheric with some trap elements.
I suppose the next track "The White Shoes" is taking a critical look at consumer culture.
[Verse 1]
Gucci S. Dots, whole hood had 'em
Ice cream 'fore the hypebeasts that's into fashion
Being forreal, yo try being Pharrell
When your black ass in a back class, the fronting was real
No Lauren London, we was on a budget
You know, sharin' Old Navy so the army could be fresh in public
But this nigga really needs to stop singing the hooks, because he cannot sing. Other than that, it's nice to see Wale talking about something and actually have some clever wordplay and whatnot.
I wasn't able to get into "The Pessimist", a song featuring J. Cole - at first. But while reading the lyrics, it made`it easier for me to enjoy. He touches on “black” reality shows, family unity and social disruptions leading to incarceration. And it's clear at this point that, like a lot of rappers, Wale knows how to pick dope beats, so you like that about his projects, but his public persona/personality is not so likeable. He's not a terrible lyricist either, he's putting out content with substance here. J. Cole is only on the hook, and I wound up feeling indifferent towards him.
"The Middle Finger" is probably the most promising song on here, with the intro and first verse. Dope ass beat (DJ Dahi), and Wale employs a great flow. Until he fucks it up with the hook. He. Cannot. Sing. Something else I noticed, he seems to only have two verses on each song instead of the usual three. This song is about Wale’s problems and how everybody is trying to tell him what to do. You know Wale ain't no stranger to feeling butthurt.
Sampling New Edition’s classic song “If It Isn’t Love,” Wale tells us about "The One Time in Houston", a city known for having beautiful, thick women / strippers that make men fall in love, though they are only focused on getting their money. Production is going for a more seductive, slow tempo. However, that keeps me from holding a strong interest in the song. And it was at this point in the album where I started to feel more and more bored with each song. Perhaps this is the whole theme of the album, not working in the albums favor. Wale's voice begins to lose any charisma that it once had earlier in the project, it becomes more consistently monotone. The production on "The Bloom" is noteworthy, its soulful. During "The Matrimony", Wale does mention the unfortunate experience his family had with the miscarriage, the song also deals with marriage in general, Usher singing on the hook. It's a nice effort, didn't really hit me emotionally. Last song ends the whole project on a meh note.
Definitely an album about nothing.
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A cult classic turned commercial - fresh green apples perfectly harmonized with refreshing melons and juicy pears.
Unisex.
$3.75 ea.
A visit to see the Leaning Tower of Pisa in the Field of Miracles in Pisa.
Piazza del Duomo (Cathedral Square).
It was an amazing site to see! The whole area was packed with tourists!
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [ˈtorre di ˈpiːza]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its unintended tilt. The tower is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo), after the cathedral and the Pisa Baptistry.
The tower's tilt began during construction in the 12th century, caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structure's weight. The tilt increased in the decades before the structure was completed in the 14th century. It gradually increased until the structure was stabilized (and the tilt partially corrected) by efforts in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183.27 feet) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 metres (185.93 feet) on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 2.44 m (8 ft 0.06 in). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 metric tons (16,000 short tons). The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase. Prior to restoration work performed between 1990 and 2001, the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees, but the tower now leans at about 3.99 degrees. This means the top of the tower is displaced horizontally 3.9 metres (12 ft 10 in) from the centre.
There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. For many years, the design was attributed to Guglielmo and Bonanno Pisano, a well-known 12th-century resident artist of Pisa, famous for his bronze casting, particularly in the Pisa Duomo. Pisano left Pisa in 1185 for Monreale, Sicily, only to come back and die in his home town. A piece of cast bearing his name was discovered at the foot of the tower in 1820, but this may be related to the bronze door in the façade of the cathedral that was destroyed in 1595. A 2001 study seems to indicate Diotisalvi was the original architect, due to the time of construction and affinity with other Diotisalvi works, notably the bell tower of San Nicola and the Baptistery, both in Pisa.
Construction of the tower occurred in three stages over 199 years. Work on the ground floor of the white marble campanile began on August 14, 1173 during a period of military success and prosperity. This ground floor is a blind arcade articulated by engaged columns with classical Corinthian capitals.
The tower began to sink after construction had progressed to the second floor in 1178. This was due to a mere three-metre foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil, a design that was flawed from the beginning. Construction was subsequently halted for almost a century, because the Republic of Pisa was almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca, and Florence. This allowed time for the underlying soil to settle. Otherwise, the tower would almost certainly have toppled. In 1198, clocks were temporarily installed on the third floor of the unfinished construction.
In 1272, construction resumed under Giovanni di Simone, architect of the Camposanto. In an effort to compensate for the tilt, the engineers built upper floors with one side taller than the other. Because of this, the tower is curved. Construction was halted again in 1284 when the Pisans were defeated by the Genoans in the Battle of Meloria.
The seventh floor was completed in 1319. The bell-chamber was finally added in 1372. It was built by Tommaso di Andrea Pisano, who succeeded in harmonizing the Gothic elements of the bell-chamber with the Romanesque style of the tower. There are seven bells, one for each note of the musical major scale. The largest one was installed in 1655.
After a phase (1990–2001) of structural strengthening, the tower is currently undergoing gradual surface restoration, in order to repair visible damage, mostly corrosion and blackening. These are particularly pronounced due to the tower's age and its exposure to wind and rain.
Views next to the Cathedral.
Pisa Cathedral (Italian: Cattedrale Metropolitana Primaziale di Santa Maria Assunta; Duomo di Pisa) is a medieval Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, in the Piazza dei Miracoli in Pisa, Italy. It is a notable example of Romanesque architecture, in particular the style known as Pisan Romanesque. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Pisa.
Construction on the cathedral began in 1063 (1064 according to the Pisan calendar of the time) by the architect Buscheto, and expenses were paid using the spoils received fighting against the Muslims in Sicily in 1063. It includes various stylistic elements: classical, Lombard-Emilian, Byzantine, and Islamic, drawing upon the international presence of Pisan merchants at that time. In the same year, St. Mark's Basilica began its reconstruction in Venice, evidence of a strong rivalry between the two maritime republics to see which could create the most beautiful and luxurious place of worship.
The church was erected outside Pisa's high middle age-era walls, to show that Pisa that was so powerful, it had no fear of being attacked. The chosen area had already been used in the Lombard era as a necropolis and at the beginning of the 11th century a church had been erected here, but never finished, that was to be named Santa Maria. Buscheto's grand new church, was initially called Santa Maria Maggiore until it was officially named Santa Maria Assunta.
In 1092 the cathedral was declared a primatial church, archbishop Dagobert having been given the title of Primate by Pope Urban II. The cathedral was consecrated in 1118 by Pope Gelasius II, who belonged to the Caetani family which was powerful both in Pisa and in Rome.
In the early 12th century the cathedral was enlarged under the direction of architect Rainaldo, who increased the length of the nave by adding three bays consistent with the original style of Buscheto, enlarged the transept, and planned a new facade which was completed by workers under the direction of the sculptors Guglielmo and Biduino. The exact date of the work is unclear: according to some, the work was done right after the death of Buscheto about the year 1100, though others say it was done closer to 1140. In any case, work was finished in 1180, as documented by the date written on the bronze knockers made by Bonanno Pisano found on the main door.
The structure's present appearance is the result of numerous restoration campaigns that were carried out in different eras. The first radical interventions occurred after the fire of 1595, following which the roof was replaced and sculptors from the workshop of Giambologna, among whom were Gasparo Mola and Pietro Tacca, created the three bronze doors of the facade. In the early 18th century began the redecoration of the inside walls of the cathedral with large paintings, the "quadroni", depicting stories of the blesseds and saints of Pisa. These works were made by the principal artists of the era, and a group of citizens arranged for the special financing of the project. Successive interventions occurred in the 19th century and included both internal and external modifications; among the latter was the removal of the original facade statues (presently in the cathedral museum) and their replacement with copies.
Other notable interventions include: the dismantling of Giovanni Pisano's pulpit between 1599 and 1601 that only in 1926 was reassembled and returned to the cathedral (with some original pieces missing, including the staircase); and the dismantling of the monument to Henry VII made by Lupo di Francesco that was found in front of the door of San Ranieri and later substituted by a simpler, symbolic version.
Elvis impersonator Bill Cherry harmonizes with his backup singers. Picture taken at the Rialto Theatre in Joliet Illinois.
Free Image of Everybody let’s try and harmonize via the internet!!! By drfriedlanderdvm.com media.tumblr.com
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Soft harmonizing colors of the walls of these Palaces painted with light of delicate tints, and reflected in the pools, gloq in a sea of iridescence.
The gleaming Spire to the Sun, as mirrored in the shimmering waters in the Court of Reflections, completes the "Glory of Night" at the Fair.
Mailed from San Rafael, California to Mr. Henry Dunckley of Centralia, Washington on May 11, 1939:
Left Centralia Saturday 12 o'clock arrived at Marshfield about 8 o'clock. Left Marshfield Monday morning 5 o'clock A.M. Arrived at San Rafael at Mr. Culps about 8 o'clock PM. Went to the fair yesterday, Fine Day. Ada.
Pictorial Wonderland Art-Tone Series
Stanley A. Piltz Co.
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CAPA-024516
State Historical Museum
The huge red brick building that closes Red Square makes it truly "red". Two elongated towers harmonize with the Kremlin and GUM, and the abundance of kokoshniks, architraves, shirinkas, and tents give the building the appearance of a terem.
However, it is not as ancient as it seems.
The northern part of Red Square has been home to the Zemsky Prikaz since the 16th century, for which a two-story stone building with a tower and architraves in the Naryshkin Baroque style was built in 1699. Later, part of the premises came under the jurisdiction of the Main Pharmacy, and in 1755, Moscow University opened here, moving to the building on Mokhovaya only in 1793. Then, the city government offices were located in the old building of the Zemsky Prikaz. In 1874, the Moscow Duma allocated this site for the construction of the Historical Museum; this idea was put forward in 1872 during the Polytechnic Exhibition dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of Peter I. Its historical exposition, dedicated to the Crimean War, became the core around which the museum collection began to form.
I don’t know why you would use this title for an album.
I will admit, Wale and I only have this in common. We love Seinfeld. That is my absolute favorite sitcom. Wale cleverly puts "The" in front of each title track, just like how each episode title of Seinfeld was structured. So, the first song, is titled "The Intro About Nothing". And at the start of every track on here, Jerry Seinfeld is featured talking about something related to the song. Ultimately, Wale made songs about things he and Seinfeld were discussing. This song does feature some pretty interesting production, it's a bit uplifting and soulful, and during the hook it does pick up - loud percussion and the vocal harmonizing in the background adds a lot. I like it. This is an intro that reminds me of something like J. Cole's and Logic's intro to their albums.
Music:
He explains the overall concept behind this Album About Nothing on the bridge, saying:
I figure they don’t care nothing about albums
So why not give them an album about nothing
"The Helium Balloon" - Wale is the Helium Balloon. When the listener listens to and absorbs his music they are “lifted” just as a helium balloon elevates in air. Again, with some pretty cool production. Produced By DJ Dahi & Sonny Digital.
[Verse 1]
I used to put my faith in the yarn, and now communication is gone
I agree we've gone distant, my new location the charts
Naw, mm, can't count the days, but let's just say five
Years, coming of age, it make you blow by your day job
So cry for me, wild for me
It's a horror story, eyes 20/20s that I-M-E your normal C
And I'd be different gettin' diplomas in peace
But gettin' applause and across, I'm hittin' Diplo for a beat
Slight work to Dahi, it's a purpose y'all see
In a world of dopplegangers, niggas ain't worth the copy
You capiche? You got me cold
Niggas'll fly you up this high, won't let you fly to the moon
Goin' up!
And right after this, the beat flips. It's cool, it sounds atmospheric with some trap elements.
I suppose the next track "The White Shoes" is taking a critical look at consumer culture.
[Verse 1]
Gucci S. Dots, whole hood had 'em
Ice cream 'fore the hypebeasts that's into fashion
Being forreal, yo try being Pharrell
When your black ass in a back class, the fronting was real
No Lauren London, we was on a budget
You know, sharin' Old Navy so the army could be fresh in public
But this nigga really needs to stop singing the hooks, because he cannot sing. Other than that, it's nice to see Wale talking about something and actually have some clever wordplay and whatnot.
I wasn't able to get into "The Pessimist", a song featuring J. Cole - at first. But while reading the lyrics, it made`it easier for me to enjoy. He touches on “black” reality shows, family unity and social disruptions leading to incarceration. And it's clear at this point that, like a lot of rappers, Wale knows how to pick dope beats, so you like that about his projects, but his public persona/personality is not so likeable. He's not a terrible lyricist either, he's putting out content with substance here. J. Cole is only on the hook, and I wound up feeling indifferent towards him.
"The Middle Finger" is probably the most promising song on here, with the intro and first verse. Dope ass beat (DJ Dahi), and Wale employs a great flow. Until he fucks it up with the hook. He. Cannot. Sing. Something else I noticed, he seems to only have two verses on each song instead of the usual three. This song is about Wale’s problems and how everybody is trying to tell him what to do. You know Wale ain't no stranger to feeling butthurt.
Sampling New Edition’s classic song “If It Isn’t Love,” Wale tells us about "The One Time in Houston", a city known for having beautiful, thick women / strippers that make men fall in love, though they are only focused on getting their money. Production is going for a more seductive, slow tempo. However, that keeps me from holding a strong interest in the song. And it was at this point in the album where I started to feel more and more bored with each song. Perhaps this is the whole theme of the album, not working in the albums favor. Wale's voice begins to lose any charisma that it once had earlier in the project, it becomes more consistently monotone. The production on "The Bloom" is noteworthy, its soulful. During "The Matrimony", Wale does mention the unfortunate experience his family had with the miscarriage, the song also deals with marriage in general, Usher singing on the hook. It's a nice effort, didn't really hit me emotionally. Last song ends the whole project on a meh note.
Definitely an album about nothing.
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1. Just Call Him Gangster, 2. nyc discokeh, 3. sunrise flare, 4. hbm~cross my hearth, 5. 11:100 Strangers::Rick, 6. mini g r o o m, 7. in my pocket today..., 8. Untitled, 9. 269/365: be-bop!, 10. 9 TRUTHS and 1 LIE ~ BAM, too! (17:52), 11. Day 251 of 365, 12. bokeh love, 13. Charles {+1}, 14. reflection , 15. type & writing, 16. the captain, 17. happy fence (try to be in balance) friday! (explore), 18. Bench Monday, Study in opposites, 19. brit pop., 20. flickr.com/photos/38890273@N08/4993103393/, 21. Untitled, 22. yes you!, 23. C R O S S I N G, 24. Yellow cars, 25. Memories Seller
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Art Nouveau it was inspired by natural forms and structures, not only in flowers and plants, but also in curved lines. Architects tried to harmonize with the natural environment.
To visualise this philosophy I took pictures of art nouveau architecture as well as plants and combined them in one picture.
This picture is double exposure done on analogue film. The film is exposed taking architecture pictures and once all pictures are taken the film is wind back to be exposed a second time. This time pictures of natural and floral objects are taken. Since one hardly remembers what picture was taken when in the first round, it is a lot of random process how the objects overlay in the final picture. But surprise is part of the fun.