hamstrings photos on Flickr

My hamstring may not be feeling well right now, but I can still do lots of other stuff! I just spent 90 minutes at the gym, working upper body and core and walked a mile, slowly. Proud of myself for having the willpower to resist my beloved #OTF this morn by Karen B.

Ordering Food by Let Ideas Compete

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Taken at the floating restaurant at Loopen Marin AB (or is that the name of the restaurant?). It's near Hornstull. The restaurant is known for it's cheap looking fake palm trees. However, it gets pretty good reviews (and I concur) despite that bit of cheesinss.

As you can see, the clientele is interesting, too.

Shameless plug:

Check out my sets: www.flickr.com/photos/question_everything/sets/.

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Or my galleries: www.flickr.com/photos/question_everything/galleries/.

Lizard Pose by Charles Wills

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Lizard Pose- Utthan Pristhasana is an excellent yoga posture for anyone with tight hips (my favorite hip opener of all times). It opens the hips; releases the hamstrings, as well as groins & hip flexors; strengthens the adductor muscles (inner thigh muscles on the front leg); eases tightness in the chest, shoulders & neck. This posture is also a prerequisite for deeper hip openers and hamstring stretchers such as the Split/Hanumanasana as well as King Pigeon/Eka Pada Raja Kapotasana; the forearm can be resting down or on a block (another variation). This pose would be easier when practiced on a mat or something not moving, like a SUP, but I do enjoy stand up paddle-boarding as well as a great challenge. :-) Photo taken over the weekend on Lake Champlain, NY.

Savannah Elephant bull by the Bahr Salamat, Zakouma National Park, Chad by inyathi

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Zakouma is an unusual park when compared to the better-known national parks of East or Southern Africa, because on normal game drives through the park, you simply don’t see elephants, except for the handful of bulls, that hang around the airstrip and the park HQ in the area of the park that is actually called Zakouma, elsewhere you just don’t see them, not unless you are actively looking for them and know in advance where they are. You won’t drive around a corner and find a small herd feeding beside the road as you might in a park like say Ruaha in Tanzania, to understand why this is the case, you need to know the tragic history of Zakouma’s elephants.

For roughly 6 months of the year between June and November Zakouma National Park is almost entirely inundated with floodwaters at this time elephants would often disperse into the surrounding area of what is now the Salamat Faunal Reserve. During this time Arab horsemen from the Darfur region of neighbouring Sudan would come to hunt the elephants, as they had done for perhaps several hundred years. Traditionally a group of up to 20 horsemen armed with lances would charge a herd aiming to separate out one of the elephants, picking one with good tusks. A single horseman would then ride in front of this elephant to draw its attention and get it to pursue him, allowing the other men to ride in and spear it from behind with their lances. They would aim for the elephant’s hamstrings in its hind legs which if severed would bring the animal down and ensure it could not get up again. Huge numbers of elephants were killed this way and in response the surviving herds in the region, have learned that at the first sign of horsemen, their best defence is bunch up into tight groups to ensure that no individual can be separated out.

Today this is no defence, the horsemen are Janjaweed militiamen and members of the Sudanese armed forces and they come not with the lances used by their ancestors, but with AK47s, belt-fed machine guns and rocket propelled grenades. This habit of bunching up into a single large herd, has meant that the poachers can easily kill 50-60 elephants in a single attack by simply machine gunning the terrified animals as they try to escape. In 2005 an aerial count found 3,885 elephants in Zakouma and the surrounding area, in under a decade the population was reduced to just 430 and had stopped breeding due to the constant stress. Since African Parks took over Zakouma the poaching has been almost entirely stopped and the elephants are breeding again, they have not lost an elephant to poaching in 6 years at the last count in 2021, the population had reached 636.

Zakouma had become famous for what was often described as the largest elephant herd in Africa, simply because the majority of the park’s elephants were congregating together in a huge unnatural mega-herd, that would include bulls that would normally have been pushed out. Besides sticking together for protection, the elephants also like to remain in the thick bush and woodlands, avoiding open areas of the park, this is why you just don’t see them when driving around. Just in the last couple of years the elephant herd has started to split into several big herds instead of just one, but they still stay deep in the bush, doing their best to avoid people entirely.

Driving down to a crossing point on the Salamat, we unexpectedly came across this bull walking along the bank towards us, he was clearly intending to cross the river as well, whilst we had to follow the road and bounce over the rocks, he just waded through the not very deep water and wandered off up the other bank. This was a lucky sighting, as we were nowhere near the HQ area, and by the time we were driving along the other side of the Salamat he had melted back into the bush, had we reached the river somewhat earlier or later we might not have seen him at all.

advanced yoga workout 8 21 2015 by Lisa Carney

advanced yoga workout 8 21 2015 youtu.be/QAPs5wX6p8s Challenge your practice with this Advanced Yoga Flow video. In this advanced yoga class renowned yoga teacher Michelle Goldstein infuses mindfulness, philosophy, technical alignment and humor with a strong cardiovascular yoga flow, including arm balances, and deeper floor stretches. Stretch and strengthen arms, shoulders, upper back, lower back, hips, hamstrings. Learn the arm balances Eka Pada Galavasana, Eka Pada Koundinyasina and Bakasana (crow pose), and deepen your breathing and mindfulness practice. About Michelle: About Michelle Goldstein: Michelle has maintained a daily yoga practice for 15 years. A protégée of renowned Yoga teacher, Bryan Kest of Santa Monica Power Yoga, Michelle has been teaching yoga flow and meditation for 8 years. Michelle leads workshops, immersions & retreats worldwide as well as teaching at Santa Monica Power Yoga, Yogaraj & Equinox Fitness Clubs. Known for her creative vinyasas (sequences of yoga asana) and pranayama, Michelle Goldsteins teaching integrates influences from various forms of movement and meditation set to powerfully inspiring backdrops of music. Approaching instruction with a deep spiritual reverence for the sacredness of yoga coupled with a joyous playful sense of humor, Michelles classes offer a safe, nurturing and challenging environment for students to come and explore their mental and physical boundaries. Check out some of our other Yoga Videos here: Yin Yoga Stretch for Athletes with Laila Garsys www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfK8vfUd64oYoga on the Wall w/ Gloria Boraquio www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgnc9... Yoga Workout Yoga Flow w/ Gloria Boraquio youtu.be/4_mOELQh9m8 Yoga for Weight Loss www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxpxh... 30 Minute Cardio Flow Yoga Workout youtu.be/cRJlOKb_chs Bikram Yoga inpsired Class with Maggie Grove youtu.be/V5i5Qz2IGJE Strong Yoga For Beginners Workout youtu.be/xglmLhDppmo Meditative Bhakti Yoga Flow youtu.be/mQnAvEbDNPg Cardio Yoga Workout youtu.be/hy-qss2Takg Yoga Workout 1 hour Yoga For Weight Loss youtu.be/yUtK7v3dsr0 Power Yoga Flow youtu.be/XpGnuK_u4gQ Bhakti Yoga Class youtu.be/K9scEzgir-8 Yoga for Beginners youtu.be/EaKZ3Xtxf5A

advanced yoga workout 8 21 2015 by Veronica Schafer

advanced yoga workout 8 21 2015 youtu.be/QAPs5wX6p8s Challenge your practice with this Advanced Yoga Flow video. In this advanced yoga class renowned yoga teacher Michelle Goldstein infuses mindfulness, philosophy, technical alignment and humor with a strong cardiovascular yoga flow, including arm balances, and deeper floor stretches. Stretch and strengthen arms, shoulders, upper back, lower back, hips, hamstrings. Learn the arm balances Eka Pada Galavasana, Eka Pada Koundinyasina and Bakasana (crow pose), and deepen your breathing and mindfulness practice. About Michelle: About Michelle Goldstein: Michelle has maintained a daily yoga practice for 15 years. A protégée of renowned Yoga teacher, Bryan Kest of Santa Monica Power Yoga, Michelle has been teaching yoga flow and meditation for 8 years. Michelle leads workshops, immersions & retreats worldwide as well as teaching at Santa Monica Power Yoga, Yogaraj & Equinox Fitness Clubs. Known for her creative vinyasas (sequences of yoga asana) and pranayama, Michelle Goldsteins teaching integrates influences from various forms of movement and meditation set to powerfully inspiring backdrops of music. Approaching instruction with a deep spiritual reverence for the sacredness of yoga coupled with a joyous playful sense of humor, Michelles classes offer a safe, nurturing and challenging environment for students to come and explore their mental and physical boundaries. Check out some of our other Yoga Videos here: Yin Yoga Stretch for Athletes with Laila Garsys www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfK8vfUd64oYoga on the Wall w/ Gloria Boraquio www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgnc9... Yoga Workout Yoga Flow w/ Gloria Boraquio youtu.be/4_mOELQh9m8 Yoga for Weight Loss www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxpxh... 30 Minute Cardio Flow Yoga Workout youtu.be/cRJlOKb_chs Bikram Yoga inpsired Class with Maggie Grove youtu.be/V5i5Qz2IGJE Strong Yoga For Beginners Workout youtu.be/xglmLhDppmo Meditative Bhakti Yoga Flow youtu.be/mQnAvEbDNPg Cardio Yoga Workout youtu.be/hy-qss2Takg Yoga Workout 1 hour Yoga For Weight Loss youtu.be/yUtK7v3dsr0 Power Yoga Flow youtu.be/XpGnuK_u4gQ Bhakti Yoga Class youtu.be/K9scEzgir-8 Yoga for Beginners youtu.be/EaKZ3Xtxf5A

Seated Forward Fold by Charles Wills

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This weeks pose is one of the most important stretches for anyone, especially those with tight backs, sciatica issues, tight hamstrings... Seated Forward Fold/Uttanasana -stretches and lengthens the spine, releases back pain and sciatica, helps the hamstrings & calms the mind.

Warrior One - Snowga by Charles Wills

Warrior one with hands in reverse Namaste/prayer. It is a powerful standing posture that strengthens the legs, lengthens the hamstrings, increases focus, opens the chest and heart area/muscles. Snoga/snow yoga in the backyard; photo taken yesterday, on a sunny day after the snowstorm in February in Connecticut, by Charles Wills.

Zakouma's elephant herd by inyathi

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For roughly 6 months of the year between June and November Zakouma National Park is almost entirely inundated with floodwaters at this time elephants would often disperse into the surrounding area of what is now the Salamat Faunal Reserve. During this time Arab horsemen from the Darfur region of neighbouring Sudan would come to hunt the elephants as they had done for perhaps several hundred years. Traditionally a group of up to 20 horsemen armed with lances would charge a herd aiming to separate out one of the elephants. A single horseman would then ride in front of this elephant to draw its attention and get it to pursue him allowing the other men to ride in and spear it from behind with their lances. They would aim for the elephant’s hamstrings in its hind legs which if severed would bring the animal down and ensure it could not get up again. Huge numbers of elephants were killed this way and in response the surviving herds in the region have learned that at the first sign of horsemen their best defence is bunch up into tight groups to ensure that no individual can be separated out.

Today this is no defence the horsemen are Janjaweed militiamen and members of the Sudanese armed forces and they come not with the lances used by their ancestors but with AK47s, belt-fed machine guns and rocket propelled grenades. This habit of bunching up into a single large herd has meant that the poachers can easily kill 50-60 elephants in a single attack by simply machine gunning the terrified animals as they try to escape. In 2005 an aerial count found 3,885 elephants in Zakouma and the surrounding area in under a decade the population was reduced to just 430 and had stopped breeding due to the constant stress. Since African Parks took over Zakouma the poaching has been almost entirely stopped and the elephants are breeding again the population now stands at around 470.

After so many years of poaching most of Zakouma's elephants still generally stick together in a single big herd and often keeping to the thick bush making it easier to spot them from the air. Once the main herd has been located from the air then it may be possible to drive to where they are and see them from the ground. The herd crossed the road in front of us, but otherwise kept to the thick bush, where they feel more secure and there's plenty of food.

Secrets Of The North Fork by Bill Fultz

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Gluteus Mash aka Kennedy Falls

North Fork Blackwater River

Blackwater Canyon Trail

Monongahela National Forest

West Virginia

5 Image HDR

I had forgotten about this image as I have worked on it several times over the last 8 months since I took it. I had recently remembered it as I decided to edit an image that I had taken at Elakala Falls, that oddly, I had already posted on Flickr months ago. Interestingly I liked my re-edit better than my first one, so when I saw these images I had to give it a whirl again. This photograph I could never get the light right, the tint was way off and the contrast was non-existant but now that I've got a stronger understanding of editing skills I finally feel I can present this image of this gorgeous falls as it was seen.

Titled "Gluteus Mash" by kayakers the off trail hike to this approximately 35 ft. falls is a bit strenuous and challenging involving a scramble to approach the falls to achieve views from below. It's an odd, but also a really cool feeling to find out I am one of a small handful of known photographers (5) to ever photograph this falls. Friend and fellow waterfall photographer Randy Sanger, who guided Jason and I to this falls, had previously visited this falls once before. Randy had discovered this falls thanks to waterfall photographer Ed Rehbein who was told about this hidden jem by some kayakers. This is also the falls that our friend Jason did the splits on the slippery rocks, ripping his hamstring in half and then had to do the scramble up the steep canyon wall with limited leg mobility. He was a trooper.

The interesting color of the rocks in the riverbed was created by an acid wash when the waste water from a abandoned upstream acid mine drained into the river and the resulting corrective measures to treat it discolored them. The event, which happened approximately 10 years ago, killed all the wildlife that resided in the river. Only recently have wildlife returned, but only to drink the water, for now the river is still dead.

Prenatal Yoga 30 Minute Yoga Class by Lisa Carney

Prenatal Yoga 30 Minute Yoga Class youtu.be/HTDocfhdA1Y www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sKQIBM14Tk Prenatal Yoga is designed to help mamas become strong, flexible, peaceful and empowered at all stages of pregnancy. Pre Natal yoga is a wonderful practice for mother and baby. It helps to relive discomforts of your changing body, as well as calm and relax your heart and mind. Note: The Creators, Producers and Distributors of this video do not accept any responsibility for any injury or accident incurred as a result of following the Asanas in this video. Please consult your gynecologist before practicing. This Pre Natal yoga video taught by Maggie Grove is suitable for all levels and helps prepare mind and body both for the experience of giving birth, not so much by reducing the intensity of birthing but by increasing her awareness, thus heightening the entire experience of pregnancy and giving birth. This is also an excellent Postnatal yoga practice to keep your body and mind healthy and calm after giving birth. About Magge Grove Maggie Grove has taught yoga for over 10 years and has trained in Kundalini, prenatal, Bikram & Power Yoga with a range of acclaimed Yoga teachers in both Los Angeles and New York. www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbmNj6gOSdA Strong Yoga Workout 2015. A quick paced, strong yoga class to flow to, taught by Los Angeles based acclaimed yoga teacher Michelle Goldstein. Practicing to this yoga video will improve strength, stamina, flexibility and balance, as well as promoting peace of mind. This yoga flow class stretches and strengthens hips, hamstrings, upper body, back. About Michelle Goldstein: Michelle has maintained a daily yoga practice for 16 years. Micgelle has studied and practiced with many inspiring teachers including Max Strom, Saul David Raye, Bryan Kest of Santa Monica Power Yoga, Erich Schiffman, Annie Carpenter, Vinnie Marino, & Jerome Mercier. Michelle has been teaching yoga flow and meditation for over 10 years and leads workshops, immersions & retreats worldwide as well as teaching at Santa Monica Power Yoga & Equinox Fitness Clubs. Known for her creative vinyasas (sequences of yoga asana) and pranayama, Michelle Goldstein's teaching integrates influences from various forms of movement and meditation set to powerfully inspiring backdrops of music. Approaching instruction with a deep spiritual reverence for the sacredness of yoga coupled with a joyous playful sense of humor, Michelle's classes offer a safe, nurturing and challenging environment for students to come and explore their mental and physical boundaries. Bikram Yoga inpsired Class with Maggie Grove youtu.be/V5i5Qz2IGJE Power Yoga for Weight Loss youtu.be/yUtK7v3dsr0 Strong Yoga For Beginners Workout youtu.be/xglmLhDppmo Meditative Bhakti Yoga Flow youtu.be/mQnAvEbDNPg Cardio Yoga Workout youtu.be/hy-qss2Takg Yoga Workout 1 hour Yoga For Weight Loss youtu.be/yUtK7v3dsr0 Power Yoga Flow youtu.be/XpGnuK_u4gQ Bhakti Yoga Class youtu.be/K9scEzgir-8 Yoga for Beginners youtu.be/EaKZ3Xtxf5A Mindfulness Meditation youtu.be/2K-ZcAgka2g Gentle Yin Yoga Full Class youtu.be/Z3AlyD1CIJw Bhakti Yoga flow heart opening yoga workout with Kumi Yogini youtu.be/onS6uq94NHw Bhakti yoga class yoga flow with Kumi Yogini ॐ youtu.be/K9scEzgir-8 bhakti yoga class with Kumi Yogini youtu.be/ch4CEW-vEoc Advanced Yoga Workout - Inversions, Hand Stand, Core Work youtu.be/KbLVYpQ74Zo Bhakti Yoga Flow youtu.be/KvhIvZyemtI Inspired Yoga Workout with Breathwork youtu.be/_wG5hEBrMJQ Strong beginners Yoga Workout with JQ Williams youtu.be/vQdOhTKfEt8 Bhakti Yoga flow yoga workout youtu.be/VPmOF99bBHg Beginners Yoga Flow 2015 youtu.be/Dva-ThUN6Ww Bhakti Yoga Flow with Kumi Yogini 2015 youtu.be/onS6uq94NHw Yoga for Beginners Level 1 yoga workout youtu.be/f2sIjOHFZuU Yoga Flow youtu.be/YKVhB4TxuwU 40 Minute Yin Yoga Class youtu.be/O_Vg-j5lkuA Strong Power Yoga Flow youtu.be/UwJFpTRXI-g Yoga flow daily recharge total body workout youtu.be/LiTlpC0RU6Q Strong Power Yoga Flow youtu.be/Ua10v6kw27c 30 Minute Power Yoga Flow with Twists for detox youtu.be/Sy25cbDGqBM 30 Minute Daily Yoga Flow for weight loss youtu.be/Vc4u04a5A4o Click below to subscribe to our channel: youtube.com/heartalchemyyoga Our Sites www.heartalchemyyoga.com plus.google.com/+HeartAlchemy... facebook.com/heartalchemyyoga instagram.com/travlinyogini twitter.com/travlinyogini www.pinterest.com/travlinyogini www.michellegoldsteinyoga.com

The Gift by Chris Morley

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I received an unexpected gift last week. Not from anyone. Nor was it anything I can hold in my hand. I'm still on a high because of it.

Last Wednesday I played field hockey. For background I haven't played in 10+ years, having mostly only played as a junior. I haven't been able to run pain free for 5 years. Basically stopped running all together, sports or otherwise. My left knee aches to go up stairs everyday. My right has recently joined it. I ignore it for hiking, but it has negatively influenced how much I get out. Despite that, with an impulse email to the club I used to play for, Wednesday's scrimmage was set up.

Dug up an old stick. Purchased a new pair of cross-trainers for the turf field. I dragged Sam along and showed up on time. He and I played pass beforehand and I could move. Side to side movement and run. Well this is weird. Even sprinted a couple of times to test my legs out. Interesting.

The game started. I touched the ball and passed it. And I moved. And ran. There was no pain or restriction. I dashed up to be with the forwards. I sprinted back to help the defenders. I used and supported the wingers. I couldn't believe it. A kid in the candy store wouldn't be more excited. Anticipating the opposition's ball movement I was now able to sometimes dart in front and create a turnover. Turn upfield and start our own attack. My grin might of scared them!

The fullback asked my name and suggested I play centre-half. I thought he didn't appreciate my running around willy nilly. Turns out however that centre-half gets to play with forwards, help out on defence and support the wingers. Perfect! (note - I'd always played forward in every sport)

Not once did my knee twinge, pop and hurt. I don't understand it. I didn't dwell on it. I just reacted and played. The gift was a time capsule of my life 20 years ago. Pure joy.

Of course, I'm not 20 years younger. Similar to downing 3 quick helpings at Thanksgiving Dinner and suddenly realizing you've way past full, my hamstrings said, 'hold on crazy man, we haven't done this in a long long time'. Halftime came. I thanked them for the opportunity and left the game. It's been so long and I didn't want to come off with an injury.

They encouraged me to come back again next week and soon join a team. Perhaps I will. Certainly I am curious to try once more. To see if the gift returns.

This photo is taken from the western end of Panorama Ridge. Looking down over Garibaldi Lake. I'm heading there later today. All of these flowers will be covered in snow.

Unlikely Powerlifter by Kendrick Brinson

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photo caption:

Brenda Cooter, 60, powerlifts during a workout at the Wheeler Road Family YMCA in Augusta May 31, 2007. Cooter recently won the Strong Woman competition at the Python Gym's "Power-Mania" powerlifting competition.

--------------------------

another column. this one, i'm doing weekly over the summer on unique athletes, unique sports. i've got 2 more that haven't been published yet, and many more i haven't even conjured up yet. i'll probably post them as they're published (more pics with that link).

here's the words:

With her small frame and graying hair, Brenda Cooter doesn't look like a powerlifter. You wouldn't think she could bench-press more than three-quarters of her weight. You probably wouldn't notice her at the Wheeler Road YMCA three times a week, unless you stopped to count her reps and look at the weight she lifted. Thirty-five reps of 60 pounds, 75 pounds and 85 pounds.

"I'm the only one 60 years old that's lifting," she said of her workouts.

Cooter won the local Python Gym's "Power-Mania" Strong Woman Championship on May 26. She beat out women in their 20s and 30s - one a naval officer - in the bench press and the military hold. She finished second in the dead lift. She set records in her weight class.

Powerlifting had its first formally organized competitions in the 1960s. The three key events in powerlifting are the squats, the bench press and the dead lift.

The dead lift works the glutes, hamstrings, back and arms. Standing, the lifter bends over with one hand placed above the bar and one hand under. The weight is lifted until her knees and back are straight. The bar is lowered back to the floor, the lifter stands up straight, then repeats the lift.

Powerlifting movements involve more repetition, and the motions are faster and shorter than weightlifting.

Cooter does not change her eating habits before meets, although many lifters do. She went home starving after one meet and ate an entire bag of steamed broccoli.

Cooter started lifting weights at 14, "when my daddy told me my butt was going to be too big to fit through the door," she said, laughing.

She credits her recent success to endurance, which she has gained from running 10k races and marathons regularly.

Cooter recommends anyone taking up powerlifting to consult with a trainer on how to lift properly, stay hydrated when lifting and always stretch.

She doesn't lift to add bulk to her arms, back and legs, but to maintain her muscles. The sport is very good at aiding her muscular and skeletal systems, she said. And she won't stop lifting any time soon. She plans to continue lifting as long as she is able.

"Society's got people thinking if you're a certain age, you can't do certain things," she said. "If you take care of your body, you can do the same thing as when you were 30."

Camarillo YMCA by Alan Sailer

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I was on the fence about going out to the beach for another sunset but it would have meant missing yoga. So I went and got a nice bonus from this cool sunset/pool combination. And still made it just in time to get stretchy. Or as close as I can get with rebar for hamstrings...

Cheers.

The whole herd on the move elephants in Zakouma National Park in Chad by inyathi

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We'd been following the herd for some time, picking our way on foot through the thorn trees in the ferocious afternoon heat of Zakouma it was quite a struggle to keep up. The elephants hadn't been at all concerned by or even aware of our presence remaining entirely calm as they moved along ahead of us. Until bunched up into a tight group for protection the herd suddenly decided to retreat at some speed back into the thick Vachelia (Acacia) seyal woodland.

For roughly 6 months of the year between June and November Zakouma National Park is almost entirely inundated with floodwaters at this time elephants would often disperse into the surrounding area of what is now the Salamat Faunal Reserve. During this time Arab horsemen from the Darfur region of neighbouring Sudan would come to hunt the elephants as they had done for perhaps several hundred years. Traditionally a group of up to 20 horsemen armed with lances would charge a herd aiming to separate out one of the elephants. A single horseman would then ride in front of this elephant to draw its attention and get it to pursue him allowing the other men to ride in and spear it from behind with their lances. They would aim for the elephant’s hamstrings in its hind legs which if severed would bring the animal down and ensure it could not get up again. Huge numbers of elephants were killed this way and in response the surviving herds in the region have learned that at the first sign of horsemen their best defence is bunch up into tight groups to ensure that no individual can be separated out.

Today this is no defence the horsemen are Janjaweed militiamen and members of the Sudanese armed forces and they come not with the lances used by their ancestors but with AK47s, belt-fed machine guns and rocket propelled grenades. This habit of bunching up into a single large herd has meant that the poachers can easily kill 50-60 elephants in a single attack by simply machine gunning the terrified animals as they try to escape. In 2005 an aerial count found 3,885 elephants in Zakouma and the surrounding area in under a decade the population was reduced to just 430 and had stopped breeding due to the constant stress. Since African Parks took over Zakouma the poaching has been almost entirely stopped and the elephants are breeding again the population now stands at around 470.

After so many years of poaching most of Zakouma's elephants still generally stick together in a single big herd and often keep to the thick bush making them difficult to find.

Hamstring Power Yoga Flow : Becoming Peace by Lisa Carney

Hamstring Power Yoga Flow : Becoming Peace youtu.be/w27HyNNVZa4 A classic yoga flow class with emphasis on stretching the hamstrings and back of the legs. In this yoga flow video, LA yoga teacher Michelle Goldstein brings bits of wisdom and insight regarding philosophy, as well as bringing plenty of alignment tips for a yoga flow that will will build upper body, core and cardiovascular strength, in addition to focus on opening the hamstrings and the back of the legs. About Michelle Goldstein: Michelle has maintained a daily yoga practice for 15 years. A protégée of renowned Yoga teacher, Bryan Kest of Santa Monica Power Yoga, Michelle has been teaching yoga flow and meditation for 8 years. Michelle leads workshops, immersions & retreats worldwide as well as teaching at Santa Monica Power Yoga, Yogaraj & Equinox Fitness Clubs. Known for her creative vinyasas (sequences of yoga asana) and pranayama, Michelle Goldsteins teaching integrates influences from various forms of movement and meditation set to powerfully inspiring backdrops of music. Approaching instruction with a deep spiritual reverence for the sacredness of yoga coupled with a joyous playful sense of humor, Michelles classes offer a safe, nurturing and challenging environment for students to come and explore their mental and physical boundaries. Check out some of our other Yoga videos here: Power Yoga Workout ~ Perfection is a Myth www.youtube.com/watch?v=rt2-8X2BNcQ Yoga Detox with Gloria Baraquio www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0YtO... Prayer of Surrender Meditaion with Gloria Baraquio www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAh31... 30 Minute Cardio Flow Yoga Workout youtu.be/cRJlOKb_chs Slow Strong Yoga Flow with Raquel Jordan www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHUVU... Astavakrasana pose breakdown with Michelle Goldstein Alternate Nostril Breathing with Michelle Goldstein www.youtube.com/watch?v=Khj84... Yin Yoga Workshop with Laila Garsys www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5iXe... Click below to subscribe to our channel: youtube.com/heartalchemyyoga Our Sites www.heartalchemyyoga.com facebook.com/heartalchemyyoga instagram.com/travlinyogini twitter.com/travlinyogini

051/365 20 February 2023 by Weeping-Willow Photography

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A dark stormy sky during our dog walk this afternoon. A rather eventful walk as I pulled my hamstring when Floyd lunged towards a stick that I’d already taken off him once and he was determined to get back. Thankfully I’d taken a photo before it happened. I felt a sudden sharp pain at the back of my thigh and a weird popping sensation, I managed to limp back to the car and drive home. I’ve had a long soak in a hot bath and taken a bunch of painkillers but I doubt we’ll be going for a walk tomorrow.

Grand jete! 💖 by prettylegwearincosplay

4

Grand jetes, or split jumps, is the ultimate display of fitness in a ballerina's legs, requiring lots of exercises and practice to get the most out of their quads and hamstrings that offer the most spring for dancers to make their jump and achieve great height. Moreover, it's also important to give those legs lots of stretching, so that at the apex of the jump the legs would align outwards in a horizontally straight line, and in making the legs very fit, also making them very flexible! 💖

Elephant Skin Zakouma National Park by inyathi

12 4

Elephants very quickly learn where they're safe and where they're not, this bull is one of a small group that hang around the Zakouma HQ area during the dry season.

For roughly 6 months of the year between June and November Zakouma National Park is almost entirely inundated with floodwaters at this time elephants would often disperse into the surrounding area of what is now the Salamat Faunal Reserve. During this time Arab horsemen from the Darfur region of neighbouring Sudan would come to hunt the elephants as they had done for perhaps several hundred years. Traditionally a group of up to 20 horsemen armed with lances would charge a herd aiming to separate out one of the elephants. A single horseman would then ride in front of this elephant to draw its attention and get it to pursue him allowing the other men to ride in and spear it from behind with their lances. They would aim for the elephant’s hamstrings in its hind legs which if severed would bring the animal down and ensure it could not get up again. Huge numbers of elephants were killed this way and in response the surviving herds in the region have learned that at the first sign of horsemen their best defence is bunch up into tight groups to ensure that no individual can be separated out.

Today this is no defence the horsemen are Janjaweed militiamen and members of the Sudanese armed forces and they come not with the lances used by their ancestors but with AK47s, belt-fed machine guns and rocket propelled grenades. This habit of bunching up into a single large herd has meant that the poachers can easily kill 50-60 elephants in a single attack by simply machine gunning the terrified animals as they try to escape. In 2005 an aerial count found 3,885 elephants in Zakouma and the surrounding area in under a decade the population was reduced to just 430 and had stopped breeding due to the constant stress. Since African Parks took over Zakouma the poaching has been almost entirely stopped and the elephants are breeding again the population now stands at around 470.

Part of the main elephant herd, Zakouma National Park, Chad by inyathi

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For roughly 6 months of the year between June and November Zakouma National Park is almost entirely inundated with floodwaters at this time elephants would often disperse into the surrounding area of what is now the Salamat Faunal Reserve. During this time Arab horsemen from the Darfur region of neighbouring Sudan would come to hunt the elephants as they had done for perhaps several hundred years. Traditionally a group of up to 20 horsemen armed with lances would charge a herd aiming to separate out one of the elephants. A single horseman would then ride in front of this elephant to draw its attention and get it to pursue him allowing the other men to ride in and spear it from behind with their lances. They would aim for the elephant’s hamstrings in its hind legs which if severed would bring the animal down and ensure it could not get up again. Huge numbers of elephants were killed this way and in response the surviving herds in the region have learned that at the first sign of horsemen their best defence is bunch up into tight groups to ensure that no individual can be separated out.

Today this is no defence the horsemen are Janjaweed militiamen and members of the Sudanese armed forces and they come not with the lances used by their ancestors but with AK47s, belt-fed machine guns and rocket propelled grenades. This habit of bunching up into a single large herd has meant that the poachers can easily kill 50-60 elephants in a single attack by simply machine gunning the terrified animals as they try to escape. In 2005 an aerial count found 3,885 elephants in Zakouma and the surrounding area in under a decade the population was reduced to just 430 and had stopped breeding due to the constant stress. Since African Parks took over Zakouma the poaching has been almost entirely stopped, there hasn’t been a single poaching incident in 5 years, as soon as the elephants started to feel secure, they began to breed again, at the last count in 2021 the population had reached 636.

All of this poaching led to Zakouma’s elephants forming a single large dysfunctional herd that included adult bulls, that would ordinarily have been pushed out of the herd, perhaps because of how much the population has grown, the big herd does seem to have started to split into several large herds rather than one single one. Although they are now safe, elephants have long memories, they remain extremely nervous and are difficult to find and approach.

Your best chance of seeing them is to wait for them to come to the Salamat River to drink, having established from park HQ where they are first, so that you know where best to wait. This is not fool proof, we tried this and missed them, finally we chanced upon the big herd in the south of the park, whilst they were out in the open, they didn’t remain in the open for long and quickly ran back into the bush, even though we were a long distance away. We knew that we should not try to pursue them in the car, that we would never get close, we would just cause further panic and cause them to keep running, the last thing we wanted. However, as we were driving away, we could still see them moving through the bush, so our professional guide Zarek Cockar, decided we should try and approach them on foot, we were able to get a good view as they passed by, without them being aware of us at all. Seeing so many young elephants was fantastic, given the history of this herd.

Germany - Lower Saxony - Rabbit by Manfred Sommer

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Rabbits, also known as bunnies or bunny rabbits, are small mammals in the family Leporidae (along with the hare) of the order Lagomorpha (along with the pika). Oryctolagus cuniculus includes the European rabbit species and its descendants, the world's 305 breeds of domestic rabbit. Sylvilagus includes 13 wild rabbit species, among them the seven types of cottontail. The European rabbit, which has been introduced on every continent except Antarctica, is familiar throughout the world as a wild prey animal and as a domesticated form of livestock and pet. With its widespread effect on ecologies and cultures, the rabbit is, in many areas of the world, a part of daily life - as food, clothing, a companion, and a source of artistic inspiration.

Although once considered rodents, lagomorphs like rabbits have been discovered to have diverged separately and earlier than their rodent cousins and have a number of traits rodents lack, like two extra incisors.

TERMINOLOGY AND ETYMOLOGY

Male rabbits are called bucks; females are called does. An older term for an adult rabbit used until the 18th century is coney (derived ultimately from the Latin cuniculus), while rabbit once referred only to the young animals. Another term for a young rabbit is bunny, though this term is often applied informally (particularly by children) to rabbits generally, especially domestic ones. More recently, the term kit or kitten has been used to refer to a young rabbit.

A group of rabbits is known as a colony or nest (or, occasionally, a warren, though this more commonly refers to where the rabbits live). A group of baby rabbits produced from a single mating is referred to as a litter and a group of domestic rabbits living together is sometimes called a herd.

The word rabbit itself derives from the Middle English rabet, a borrowing from the Walloon robète, which was a diminutive of the French or Middle Dutch robbe.

TAXONOMY

Rabbits and hares were formerly classified in the order Rodentia (rodent) until 1912, when they were moved into a new order, Lagomorpha (which also includes pikas). Below are some of the genera and species of the rabbit.

DFFERENCES FROM HARES

Hares are precocial, born relatively mature and mobile with hair and good vision, while rabbits are altricial, born hairless and blind, and requiring closer care. Hares (and cottontail rabbits) live a relatively solitary life in a simple nest above the ground, while most rabbits live in social groups in burrows or warrens. Hares are generally larger than rabbits, with ears that are more elongated, and with hind legs that are larger and longer. Hares have not been domesticated, while descendants of the European rabbit are commonly bred as livestock and kept as pets.

DOMESTICATION

Rabbits have long been domesticated. Beginning in the Middle Ages, the European rabbit has been widely kept as livestock, starting in ancient Rome. Selective breeding has generated a wide variety of rabbit breeds, of which many (since the early 19th century) are also kept as pets. Some strains of rabbit have been bred specifically as research subjects.

As livestock, rabbits are bred for their meat and fur. The earliest breeds were important sources of meat, and so became larger than wild rabbits, but domestic rabbits in modern times range in size from dwarf to giant. Rabbit fur, prized for its softness, can be found in a broad range of coat colors and patterns, as well as lengths. The Angora rabbit breed, for example, was developed for its long, silky fur, which is often hand-spun into yarn. Other domestic rabbit breeds have been developed primarily for the commercial fur trade, including the Rex, which has a short plush coat.

BIOLOGY

EVOLUTION

Because the rabbit's epiglottis is engaged over the soft palate except when swallowing, the rabbit is an obligate nasal breather. Rabbits have two sets of incisor teeth, one behind the other. This way they can be distinguished from rodents, with which they are often confused. Carl Linnaeus originally grouped rabbits and rodents under the class Glires; later, they were separated as the scientific consensus is that many of their similarities were a result of convergent evolution. However, recent DNA analysis and the discovery of a common ancestor has supported the view that they do share a common lineage, and thus rabbits and rodents are now often referred to together as members of the superorder Glires.

MORPHOLOGY

Since speed and agility are a rabbit's main defenses against predators (including the swift fox), rabbits have large hind leg bones and well developed musculature. Though plantigrade at rest, rabbits are on their toes while running, assuming a more digitigrade posture. Rabbits use their strong claws for digging and (along with their teeth) for defense. Each front foot has four toes plus a dewclaw. Each hind foot has four toes (but no dewclaw).

Most wild rabbits (especially compared to hares) have relatively full, egg-shaped bodies. The soft coat of the wild rabbit is agouti in coloration (or, rarely, melanistic), which aids in camouflage. The tail of the rabbit (with the exception of the cottontail species) is dark on top and white below. Cottontails have white on the top of their tails.

As a result of the position of the eyes in its skull, the rabbit has a field of vision that encompasses nearly 360 degrees, with just a small blind spot at the bridge of the nose.

HIND LIMB ELEMENTS

The anatomy of rabbits' hind limbs are structurally similar to that of other land mammals and contribute to their specialized form of locomotion. The bones of the hind limbs consist of long bones (the femur, tibia, fibula, and phalanges) as well as short bones (the tarsals). These bones are created through endochondral ossification during development. Like most land mammals, the round head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the ox coxae. The femur articulates with the tibia, but not the fibula, which is fused to the tibia. The tibia and fibula articulate with the tarsals of the pes, commonly called the foot. The hind limbs of the rabbit are longer than the front limbs. This allows them to produce their hopping form of locomotion. Longer hind limbs are more capable of producing faster speeds. Hares, which have longer legs than cottontail rabbits, are able to move considerably faster. Rabbits stay just on their toes when moving; this is called Digitigrade locomotion. The hind feet have four long toes that allow for this and are webbed to prevent them from spreading when hopping. Rabbits do not have paw pads on their feet like most other animals that use digitigrade locomotion. Instead, they have coarse compressed hair that offers protection.

MUSCULATURE

Rabbits have muscled hind legs that allow for maximum force, maneuverability, and acceleration that is divided into three main parts; foot, thigh, and leg. The hind limbs of a rabbit are an exaggerated feature. They are much longer than the forelimbs, providing more force. Rabbits run on their toes to gain the optimal stride during locomotion. The force put out by the hind limbs is contributed to both the structural anatomy of the fusion tibia and fibula, and muscular features. Bone formation and removal, from a cellular standpoint, is directly correlated to hind limb muscles. Action pressure from muscles creates force that is then distributed through the skeletal structures. Rabbits that generate less force, putting less stress on bones are more prone to osteoporosis due to bone rarefaction. In rabbits, the more fibers in a muscle, the more resistant to fatigue. For example, hares have a greater resistance to fatigue than cottontails. The muscles of rabbit's hind limbs can be classified into four main categories: hamstrings, quadriceps, dorsiflexors, or plantar flexors. The quadriceps muscles are in charge of force production when jumping. Complementing these muscles are the hamstrings which aid in short bursts of action. These muscles play off of one another in the same way as the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors, contributing to the generation and actions associated with force.

EARS

Within the order lagomorphs, the ears are utilized to detect and avoid predators. In the family Leporidae, the ears are typically longer than they are wide. For example, in black tailed jack rabbits, their long ears cover a greater surface area relative to their body size that allow them to detect predators from far away. Contrasted to cotton tailed rabbits, their ears are smaller and shorter, requiring predators to be closer to detect them before they can flee. Evolution has favored rabbits having shorter ears so the larger surface area does not cause them to lose heat in more temperate regions. The opposite can be seen in rabbits that live in hotter climates, mainly because they possess longer ears that have a larger surface area that help with dispersion of heat as well as the theory that sound does not travel well in more arid air, opposed to cooler air. Therefore, longer ears are meant to aid the organism in detecting predators sooner rather than later in warmer temperatures. The rabbit is characterized by its shorter ears while hares are characterized by their longer ears. Rabbits' ears are an important structure to aid thermoregulation and detect predators due to how the outer, middle, and inner ear muscles coordinate with one another. The ear muscles also aid in maintaining balance and movement when fleeing predators.Outer ear

MIDDLE EAR

The middle ear is filled with three bones called ossicles and is separated by the outer eardrum in the back of the rabbit's skull. The three ossicles are called hammer, anvil, and stirrup and act to decrease sound before it hits the inner ear. In general, the ossicles act as a barrier to the inner ear for sound energy.

INNER EAR

Inner ear fluid called endolymph receives the sound energy. After receiving the energy, later within the inner ear there are two parts: the cochlea that utilizes sound waves from the ossicles and the vestibular apparatus that manages the rabbit's position in regards to movement. Within the cochlea there is a basilar membrane that contains sensory hair structures utilized to send nerve signals to the brain so it can recognize different sound frequencies. Within the vestibular apparatus the rabbit possesses three semicircular canals to help detect angular motion.

THERMOREGULATION

Thermoregulation is the process that an organism utilizes to maintain an optimal body temperature independent of external conditions. This process is carried out by the pinnae which takes up most of the rabbit's body surface and contain a vascular network and arteriovenous shunts. In a rabbit, the optimal body temperature is around 38.5–40℃. If their body temperature exceeds or does not meet this optimal temperature, the rabbit must return to homeostasis. Homeostasis of body temperature is maintained by the use of their large, highly vascularized ears that are able to change the amount of blood flow that passes through the ears.

Constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the ears are used to control the core body temperature of a rabbit. If the core temperature exceeds its optimal temperature greatly, blood flow is constricted to limit the amount of blood going through the vessels. With this constriction, there is only a limited amount of blood that is passing through the ears where ambient heat would be able to heat the blood that is flowing through the ears and therefore, increasing the body temperature. Constriction is also used when the ambient temperature is much lower than that of the rabbit's core body temperature. When the ears are constricted it again limits blood flow through the ears to conserve the optimal body temperature of the rabbit. If the ambient temperature is either 15 degrees above or below the optimal body temperature, the blood vessels will dilate. With the blood vessels being enlarged, the blood is able to pass through the large surface area which causes it to either heat or cool down.

During hot summers, the rabbit has the capability to stretch its pinnae which allows for greater surface area and increase heat dissipation. In cold winters, the rabbit does the opposite and folds its ears in order to decrease its surface area to the ambient air which would decrease their body temperature.

The jackrabbit has the largest ears within the Oryctolagus cuniculus group. Their ears contribute to 17% of their total body surface area. Their large pinna were evolved to maintain homeostasis while in the extreme temperatures of the desert.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The rabbit's nasal cavity lies dorsal to the oral cavity, and the two compartments are separated by the hard and soft palate. The nasal cavity itself is separated into a left and right side by a cartilage barrier, and it is covered in fine hairs that trap dust before it can enter the respiratory tract. As the rabbit breathes, air flows in through the nostrils along the alar folds. From there, the air moves into the nasal cavity, also known as the nasopharynx, down through the trachea, through the larynx, and into the lungs. The larynx functions as the rabbit's voice box, which enables it to produce a wide variety of sounds. The trachea is a long tube embedded with cartilaginous rings that prevent the tube from collapsing as air moves in and out of the lungs. The trachea then splits into a left and right bronchus, which meet the lungs at a structure called the hilum. From there, the bronchi split into progressively more narrow and numerous branches. The bronchi branch into bronchioles, into respiratory bronchioles, and ultimately terminate at the alveolar ducts. The branching that is typically found in rabbit lungs is a clear example of monopodial branching, in which smaller branches divide out laterally from a larger central branch. The structure of the rabbit's nasal and oral cavities, necessitates breathing through the nose. This is due to the fact that the epiglottis is fixed to the backmost portion of the soft palate. Within the oral cavity, a layer of tissue sits over the opening of the glottis, which blocks airflow from the oral cavity to the trachea. The epiglottis functions to prevent the rabbit from aspirating on its food. Further, the presence of a soft and hard palate allow the rabbit to breathe through its nose while it feeds.Rabbits lungs are divided into four lobes: the cranial, middle, caudal, and accessory lobes. The right lung is made up of all four lobes, while the left lung only has two: the cranial and caudal lobes. In order to provide space for the heart, the left cranial lobe of the lungs is significantly smaller than that of the right. The diaphragm is a muscular structure that lies caudal to the lungs and contracts to facilitate respiration.

DIGESTION

Rabbits are herbivores that feed by grazing on grass and other leafy plants. In consequence, their diet contains large amounts of cellulose, which is hard to digest. Rabbits solve this problem via a form of hindgut fermentation. They pass two distinct types of feces: hard droppings and soft black viscous pellets, the latter of which are known as caecotrophs or "night droppings" and are immediately eaten (a behaviour known as coprophagy). Rabbits reingest their own droppings (rather than chewing the cud as do cows and numerous other herbivores) to digest their food further and extract sufficient nutrients.

Rabbits graze heavily and rapidly for roughly the first half-hour of a grazing period (usually in the late afternoon), followed by about half an hour of more selective feeding.[citation needed] In this time, the rabbit will also excrete many hard fecal pellets, being waste pellets that will not be reingested.[citation needed] If the environment is relatively non-threatening, the rabbit will remain outdoors for many hours, grazing at intervals.[citation needed] While out of the burrow, the rabbit will occasionally reingest its soft, partially digested pellets; this is rarely observed, since the pellets are reingested as they are produced.

Hard pellets are made up of hay-like fragments of plant cuticle and stalk, being the final waste product after redigestion of soft pellets. These are only released outside the burrow and are not reingested. Soft pellets are usually produced several hours after grazing, after the hard pellets have all been excreted.[citation needed] They are made up of micro-organisms and undigested plant cell walls.[citation needed]

Rabbits are hindgut digesters. This means that most of their digestion takes place in their large intestine and cecum. In rabbits, the cecum is about 10 times bigger than the stomach and it along with the large intestine makes up roughly 40% of the rabbit's digestive tract. The unique musculature of the cecum allows the intestinal tract of the rabbit to separate fibrous material from more digestible material; the fibrous material is passed as feces, while the more nutritious material is encased in a mucous lining as a cecotrope. Cecotropes, sometimes called "night feces", are high in minerals, vitamins and proteins that are necessary to the rabbit's health. Rabbits eat these to meet their nutritional requirements; the mucous coating allows the nutrients to pass through the acidic stomach for digestion in the intestines. This process allows rabbits to extract the necessary nutrients from their food.[35]

The chewed plant material collects in the large cecum, a secondary chamber between the large and small intestine containing large quantities of symbiotic bacteria that help with the digestion of cellulose and also produce certain B vitamins. The pellets are about 56% bacteria by dry weight, largely accounting for the pellets being 24.4% protein on average. The soft feces form here and contain up to five times the vitamins of hard feces. After being excreted, they are eaten whole by the rabbit and redigested in a special part of the stomach. The pellets remain intact for up to six hours in the stomach; the bacteria within continue to digest the plant carbohydrates. This double-digestion process enables rabbits to use nutrients that they may have missed during the first passage through the gut, as well as the nutrients formed by the microbial activity and thus ensures that maximum nutrition is derived from the food they eat. This process serves the same purpose in the rabbit as rumination does in cattle and sheep.

Because rabbits cannot vomit, if buildup occurs within the intestines (due often to a diet with insufficient fibre), intestinal blockage can occur.

REPRODUCTION

The adult male reproductive system forms the same as most mammals with the seminiferous tubular compartment containing the Sertoli cells and an adluminal compartment that contains the Leydig cells. The Leydig cells produce testosterone, which maintains libido and creates secondary sex characteristics such as the genital tubercle and penis. The Sertoli cells triggers the production of Anti-Müllerian duct hormone, which absorbs the Müllerian duct. In an adult male rabbit, the sheath of the penis is cylinder-like and can be extruded as early as two months of age. The scrotal sacs lay lateral to the penis and contain epididymal fat pads which protect the testes. Between 10 and 14 weeks, the testes descend and are able to retract into the pelvic cavity in order to thermoregulate. Furthermore, the secondary sex characteristics, such as the testes, are complex and secrete many compounds. These compounds includes fructose, citric acid, minerals, and a uniquely high amount of catalase.

The adult female reproductive tract is bipartite, which prevents an embryo from translocating between uteri. The two uterine horns communicate to two cervixes and forms one vaginal canal. Along with being bipartite, the female rabbit does not go through an estrus cycle, which causes mating induced ovulation.

The average female rabbit becomes sexually mature at 3 to 8 months of age and can conceive at any time of the year for the duration of her life. However, egg and sperm production can begin to decline after three years. During mating, the male rabbit will mount the female rabbit from behind and insert his penis into the female and make rapid pelvic hip thrusts. The encounter lasts only 20–40 seconds and after, the male will throw himself backwards off the female.

The rabbit gestation period is short and ranges from 28 to 36 days with an average period of 31 days. A longer gestation period will generally yield a smaller litter while shorter gestation periods will give birth to a larger litter. The size of a single litter can range from four to 12 kits allowing a female to deliver up to 60 new kits a year. After birth, the female can become pregnant again as early as the next day.

The mortality rates of embryos are high in rabbits and can be due to infection, trauma, poor nutrition and environmental stress so a high fertility rate is necessary to counter this.

SLEEP

Rabbits may appear to be crepuscular, but their natural inclination is toward nocturnal activity. In 2011, the average sleep time of a rabbit in captivity was calculated at 8.4 hours per day. As with other prey animals, rabbits often sleep with their eyes open, so that sudden movements will awaken the rabbit to respond to potential danger.

DISEASES

In addition to being at risk of disease from common pathogens such as Bordetella bronchiseptica and Escherichia coli, rabbits can contract the virulent, species-specific viruses RHD ("rabbit hemorrhagic disease", a form of calicivirus) or myxomatosis. Among the parasites that infect rabbits are tapeworms (such as Taenia serialis), external parasites (including fleas and mites), coccidia species, and Toxoplasma gondii. Domesticated rabbits with a diet lacking in high fiber sources, such as hay and grass, are susceptible to potentially lethal gastrointestinal stasis. Rabbits and hares are almost never found to be infected with rabies and have not been known to transmit rabies to humans.

Encephalitozoon cuniculi, an obligate intracellular parasite is also capable of infecting many mammals including rabbits.

ECOLOGY

Rabbits are prey animals and are therefore constantly aware of their surroundings. For instance, in Mediterranean Europe, rabbits are the main prey of red foxes, badgers, and Iberian lynxes. If confronted by a potential threat, a rabbit may freeze and observe then warn others in the warren with powerful thumps on the ground. Rabbits have a remarkably wide field of vision, and a good deal of it is devoted to overhead scanning. They survive predation by burrowing, hopping away in a zig-zag motion, and, if captured, delivering powerful kicks with their hind legs. Their strong teeth allow them to eat and to bite in order to escape a struggle. The longest-lived rabbit on record, a domesticated European rabbit living in Tasmania, died at age 18. The lifespan of wild rabbits is much shorter; the average longevity of an eastern cottontail, for instance, is less than one year.

HABITAT AND RANGE

Rabbit habitats include meadows, woods, forests, grasslands, deserts and wetlands. Rabbits live in groups, and the best known species, the European rabbit, lives in burrows, or rabbit holes. A group of burrows is called a warren.

More than half the world's rabbit population resides in North America. They are also native to southwestern Europe, Southeast Asia, Sumatra, some islands of Japan, and in parts of Africa and South America. They are not naturally found in most of Eurasia, where a number of species of hares are present. Rabbits first entered South America relatively recently, as part of the Great American Interchange. Much of the continent has just one species of rabbit, the tapeti, while most of South America's southern cone is without rabbits.

The European rabbit has been introduced to many places around the world.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

Rabbits have been a source of environmental problems when introduced into the wild by humans. As a result of their appetites, and the rate at which they breed, feral rabbit depredation can be problematic for agriculture. Gassing (fumigation of warrens), barriers (fences), shooting, snaring, and ferreting have been used to control rabbit populations, but the most effective measures are diseases such as myxomatosis (myxo or mixi, colloquially) and calicivirus. In Europe, where rabbits are farmed on a large scale, they are protected against myxomatosis and calicivirus with a genetically modified virus. The virus was developed in Spain, and is beneficial to rabbit farmers. If it were to make its way into wild populations in areas such as Australia, it could create a population boom, as those diseases are the most serious threats to rabbit survival. Rabbits in Australia and New Zealand are considered to be such a pest that land owners are legally obliged to control them.

AS FOOD AND CLOTHING

In some areas, wild rabbits and hares are hunted for their meat, a lean source of high quality protein. In the wild, such hunting is accomplished with the aid of trained falcons, ferrets, or dogs, as well as with snares or other traps, and rifles. A caught rabbit may be dispatched with a sharp blow to the back of its head, a practice from which the term rabbit punch is derived.

Wild leporids comprise a small portion of global rabbit-meat consumption. Domesticated descendants of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) that are bred and kept as livestock (a practice called cuniculture) account for the estimated 200 million tons of rabbit meat produced annually. Approximately 1.2 billion rabbits are slaughtered each year for meat worldwide. In 1994, the countries with the highest consumption per capita of rabbit meat were Malta with 8.89 kg, Italy with 5.71 kg, and Cyprus with 4.37 kg, falling to 0.03 kg in Japan. The figure for the United States was 0.14 kg per capita. The largest producers of rabbit meat in 1994 were China, Russia, Italy, France, and Spain. Rabbit meat was once a common commodity in Sydney, Australia, but declined after the myxomatosis virus was intentionally introduced to control the exploding population of feral rabbits in the area.

In the United Kingdom, fresh rabbit is sold in butcher shops and markets, and some supermarkets sell frozen rabbit meat. At farmers markets there, including the famous Borough Market in London, rabbit carcasses are sometimes displayed hanging, unbutchered (in the traditional style), next to braces of pheasant or other small game. Rabbit meat is a feature of Moroccan cuisine, where it is cooked in a tajine with "raisins and grilled almonds added a few minutes before serving". In China, rabbit meat is particularly popular in Sichuan cuisine, with its stewed rabbit, spicy diced rabbit, BBQ-style rabbit, and even spicy rabbit heads, which have been compared to spicy duck neck. Rabbit meat is comparatively unpopular elsewhere in the Asia-Pacific.

An extremely rare infection associated with rabbits-as-food is tularemia (also known as rabbit fever), which may be contracted from an infected rabbit. Hunters are at higher risk for tularemia because of the potential for inhaling the bacteria during the skinning process.

In addition to their meat, rabbits are used for their wool, fur, and pelts, as well as their nitrogen-rich manure and their high-protein milk. Production industries have developed domesticated rabbit breeds (such as the well-known Angora rabbit) to efficiently fill these needs.

In art, literature, and culture

Rabbits are often used as a symbol of fertility or rebirth, and have long been associated with spring and Easter as the Easter Bunny. The species' role as a prey animal with few defenses evokes vulnerability and innocence, and in folklore and modern children's stories, rabbits often appear as sympathetic characters, able to connect easily with youth of all kinds (for example, the Velveteen Rabbit, or Thumper in Bambi).

With its reputation as a prolific breeder, the rabbit juxtaposes sexuality with innocence, as in the Playboy Bunny. The rabbit (as a swift prey animal) is also known for its speed, agility, and endurance, symbolized (for example) by the marketing icons the Energizer Bunny and the Duracell Bunny.

FOLKLORE

The rabbit often appears in folklore as the trickster archetype, as he uses his cunning to outwit his enemies.

In Aztec mythology, a pantheon of four hundred rabbit gods known as Centzon Totochtin, led by Ometochtli or Two Rabbit, represented fertility, parties, and drunkenness.

In Central Africa, the common hare (Kalulu), is "inevitably described" as a trickster figure.

In Chinese folklore, rabbits accompany Chang'e on the Moon. In the Chinese New Year, the zodiacal rabbit is one of the twelve celestial animals in the Chinese zodiac. Note that the Vietnamese zodiac includes a zodiacal cat in place of the rabbit, possibly because rabbits did not inhabit Vietnam.[citation needed] The most common explanation, however, is that the ancient Vietnamese word for "rabbit" (mao) sounds like the Chinese word for "cat" (卯, mao).

In Japanese tradition, rabbits live on the Moon where they make mochi, the popular snack of mashed sticky rice. This comes from interpreting the pattern of dark patches on the moon as a rabbit standing on tiptoes on the left pounding on an usu, a Japanese mortar.

In Jewish folklore, rabbits (shfanim שפנים) are associated with cowardice, a usage still current in contemporary Israeli spoken Hebrew (similar to the English colloquial use of "chicken" to denote cowardice).

In Korean mythology, as in Japanese, rabbits live on the moon making rice cakes ("Tteok" in Korean).

In Anishinaabe traditional beliefs, held by the Ojibwe and some other Native American peoples, Nanabozho, or Great Rabbit, is an important deity related to the creation of the world.

A Vietnamese mythological story portrays the rabbit of innocence and youthfulness. The Gods of the myth are shown to be hunting and killing rabbits to show off their power.

Buddhism, Christianity, and Judaism have associations with an ancient circular motif called the three rabbits (or "three hares"). Its meaning ranges from "peace and tranquility", to purity or the Holy Trinity, to Kabbalistic levels of the soul or to the Jewish diaspora. The tripartite symbol also appears in heraldry and even tattoos.

The rabbit as trickster is a part of American popular culture, as Br'er Rabbit (from African-American folktales and, later, Disney animation) and Bugs Bunny (the cartoon character from Warner Bros.), for example.

Anthropomorphized rabbits have appeared in film and literature, in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (the White Rabbit and the March Hare characters), in Watership Down (including the film and television adaptations), in Rabbit Hill (by Robert Lawson), and in the Peter Rabbit stories (by Beatrix Potter). In the 1920s, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, was a popular cartoon character.

A rabbit's foot may be carried as an amulet, believed to bring protection and good luck. This belief is found in many parts of the world, with the earliest use being recorded in Europe c. 600 BC.

On the Isle of Portland in Dorset, UK, the rabbit is said to be unlucky and even speaking the creature's name can cause upset among older island residents. This is thought to date back to early times in the local quarrying industry where (to save space) extracted stones that were not fit for sale were set aside in what became tall, unstable walls. The local rabbits' tendency to burrow there would weaken the walls and their collapse resulted in injuries or even death. Thus, invoking the name of the culprit became an unlucky act to be avoided. In the local culture to this day, the rabbit (when he has to be referred to) may instead be called a “long ears” or “underground mutton”, so as not to risk bringing a downfall upon oneself. While it was true 50 years ago that a pub on the island could be emptied by calling out the word "rabbit", this has become more fable than fact in modern times.

In other parts of Britain and in North America, invoking the rabbit's name may instead bring good luck. "Rabbit rabbit rabbit" is one variant of an apotropaic or talismanic superstition that involves saying or repeating the word "rabbit" (or "rabbits" or "white rabbits" or some combination thereof) out loud upon waking on the first day of each month, because doing so will ensure good fortune for the duration of that month.

The "rabbit test" is a term, first used in 1949, for the Friedman test, an early diagnostic tool for detecting a pregnancy in humans. It is a common misconception (or perhaps an urban legend) that the test-rabbit would die if the woman was pregnant. This led to the phrase "the rabbit died" becoming a euphemism for a positive pregnancy test.

WIKIPEDIA

Zakouma's Elephant Herd from the Air by inyathi

10 4

After drinking from the Salamat River these three elephants returned to the safety of the main herd that was starting to move off through the bush back up on the bank.

For roughly 6 months of the year between June and November Zakouma National Park is almost entirely inundated with floodwaters at this time elephants would often disperse into the surrounding area of what is now the Salamat Faunal Reserve. During this time Arab horsemen from the Darfur region of neighbouring Sudan would come to hunt the elephants as they had done for perhaps several hundred years. Traditionally a group of up to 20 horsemen armed with lances would charge a herd aiming to separate out one of the elephants. A single horseman would then ride in front of this elephant to draw its attention and get it to pursue him allowing the other men to ride in and spear it from behind with their lances. They would aim for the elephant’s hamstrings in its hind legs which if severed would bring the animal down and ensure it could not get up again. Huge numbers of elephants were killed this way and in response the surviving herds in the region have learned that at the first sign of horsemen their best defence is bunch up into tight groups to ensure that no individual can be separated out.

Today this is no defence the horsemen are Janjaweed militiamen and members of the Sudanese armed forces and they come not with the lances used by their ancestors but with AK47s, belt-fed machine guns and rocket propelled grenades. This habit of bunching up into a single large herd has meant that the poachers can easily kill 50-60 elephants in a single attack by simply machine gunning the terrified animals as they try to escape. In 2005 an aerial count found 3,885 elephants in Zakouma and the surrounding area in under a decade the population was reduced to just 430 and had stopped breeding due to the constant stress. Since African Parks took over Zakouma the poaching has been almost entirely stopped and the elephants are breeding again the population now stands at around 470.

After so many years of poaching most of Zakouma's elephants still generally stick together in a single big herd and often keeping to the thick bush making it easier to spot them from the air.

Half Forward Fold by Charles Wills

2

Half Forward Fold, in Sanskrit Ardha Uttanasana - is a transitional posture from Mountain pose to Forward Fold to Half Forward Fold to Lunge or Plank during the practice of San Salutations OR the pose can be practiced as a separate posture to stretch the spine and lengthen the hamstrings while engaging the core muscles. It leaves the body feeling lengthier and stronger. Practice this posture often; keep your spine flexible and you'll feel young! Snowga in the backyard photographed by Charles Wills.

Extended Hand-to-Big-Toe Pose by Charles Wills

1

Standing Extended Hand-to-Big-Toe Pose, in Sanskrit Utthita Hasta Padangusthasana has many variations and is a pose that requires one to focus on deep breathing (Victorious Breath, or Ujjayi Pranayama) while standing strong on one leg, gazing at a non moving spot while strongly engaging the core muscles. Practicing this pose in a reclined position offers an easier version, lengthening the hamstrings and releasing groins and hips. Photo taken moments before returning from my vacation from Lake Champlain (there were some strong winds).

This image is taken from United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 9, Nos. 1-4, 1915 by Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

6

Go to the Book with image in the Internet Archive

Title: United States Naval Medical Bulletin Vol. 9, Nos. 1-4, 1915

Creator: U.S. Navy. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Publisher:

Sponsor:

Contributor:

Date: 1915

Language: eng

Table of Contents

Number 1

PREFACE v

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Shock, anoci-association and anesthesia.

By Surg. A. M. Fauntleroy 1

The proposed personnel, organization, and equipment of a hospital ship

By Surg. E. M. Blackwell and Chief Pharm. O. G. Ruge 28

The application of Wassermann's reaction to the SOLUTION OF THE

ETIOLOGY OF TROPICAL ULCERATIONS.

By Surg. C. S. Butler 51

Some theories as to the origin of Jackson's veil.

By Asst. Surg. J. M. Lynch, M. R. C 62

A RESUME OF ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS CONCERNED IN YELLOW FEVER.

By Passed Asst. Surg. C. B. Camerer 65

Some observations on the examination of recruits.

By Passed Asst. Surg. J. J. S. McMullin 70

Experience of a surgeon during the occupation of Vera Cruz.

By Asst. Surg. G. T. Vaughan, M. R. C 75

Experiences with marine expeditionary force in Mexico.

By Asst. Surg. R. M. Little, M. R. C 76

Treatment of chronic posterior urethritis.

By Medical Inspector G. T. Smith 80

A NEW METHOD OF EXAMINING STOOLS FOR EGGS.

By Passed Asst. Surg. C. M. Fauntleroy, Public Health Service, and Passed

Asst. Surg. R. Hayden 81

An account of the yellow fever which prevailed on board the United

States Ship Jamestown in 1866-67 at Panama.

By Passed Asst. Surg. W. M. Kerr 82

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES:

Additions to the pathological collection 111

Additions to the helmintholoqical collection 111

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

A card index of specific cases.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R. B. Henry 113

The otoscope as an anterior urethroscope.

By Passed Asst. Surg. W. G. Steadman, jr 114

CLINICAL NOTES:

Advance report concerning heliotherapy and ionic medication as employed

at Las Animas, Colo.

By Passed Asst. Surg. C. J. Holeman 119

Compound comminuted fracture of skull.

By Passed Asst. Surg. T. W. Raison 120

A case of reamputation of the leg.

By Surg. R. Spear 122

Tenoplasty for contracture of hamstring tendons.

By Surg. R. R. Richardson 123

Neosalvarsan and mercury in unilateral luetic palsy of abducens.

By Asst. Surg. S. Walker, M. R. C 124

EDITORIAL COMMENT:

Southern Medical Association 127

The William A. Herndon Scholarships, University of Virginia 127

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —-The diagnosis and treatment of cholecystitis. The duration

of infection in scarlet fevor. By L. W. Johnson. Diphtheria mortality with and

without the use of antitoxin. By W. E. Eaton.

Observations on the Wassermann reaction. By R. Sheehan 129

Mental and nervous diseases. —The role of hypnotics in mental disease

with indications for their selection and employment. Hereditary ataxia. Psychic

disturbances of dengue. By R. Sheehan 133

Surgery.— Medical arrangements of the British Expeditionary Force. The

home hospitals and the war. The wounded in the war; some surgical lessons. By

L. W. Johnson. The significance of the Jackson veil.

The fate of transplanted bone and the regenerative power of its various

constituents. A plea for the immediate operation of fractures. By A. M.

Fauntleroy and E. II. H. Old 140

Hygiene and sanitation. —Study of a swimming pool with a return purification

system. The period of incubation of diphtheria cultures. Subsistence on board

battleships. The chemical disinfection of water.

Sterilization of water supplies for troops on active service. The

Lettsomian lectures on dysentery. Antimosquito work at Panama. By C. N. Fiske

and R. C. Ransdell 147

Tropical medicine. —Malaria and the transmission of diseases. Prevention

of malaria in the troops of our Indian empire. Researches in sprue. By E. R.

Stitt 152

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —Is pellagra due to

an intestinal parasite? By C. N. Fiske. Laboratory studies on tetanus. The

cultivation of the tubercle bacillus. The bacteriology of pyorrhea alveolaris.

Experimental production of purpura in animals. By A. B. Clifford and G. F.

Clark 156

Chemistry and pharmacy.—On the influence of atmosphere, temperature, and

humidity on animal metabolism. The influence of moisture in the air on

metabolism in the body. Biochemical studies of expired air in relation to

ventilation. The absorption of protein and fat after resection of one-half of

the small intestine. By E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge. . . 158

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Relation of arterial hypertension to subconjunctival

hemorrhage. Ocular manifestations of arteriosclerosis and their diagnostic and

prognostic significance. Salvarsan treatment and optic neuritis. Eye in

locomotor ataxia. The direct method of the intralaryngeal operation.

Inflammation of the accessary sinuses. Normal horse serum in hemorrhage from

nose and throat operations. Tonsillectomy, its indications and choice of

operation. The correction of nasal deformities by mechanical replacement and

the transplantation of bone. By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible 162

REPORTS:

Points of interest about the Mexican constitutionalist wounded at

Mazatlan.— By Surg. P. S. Rossiter 167

Sanitary report of marine brigade. —By Surg. D. N. Carpenter 173

Report of work at the field hospital of the marine brigade, Vera Cruz,

Mexico. —By Surg. D. N. Carpenter 177

Number 2

PREFACE vii

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

The operative treatment of chronic intestinal stasis.

By Asst. Surg. W. S. Bainbridge, M. R. 0 179

Symposium on intelligence tests.

Service use of intelligence tests.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R. Sheehan 194

The value of the mental test and its relation to the service.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. E. Thomas 200

Mental defectives at Naval Disciplinary Barracks, Port Royal, S. C.

By Passed Asst. Surg. H. E. Jenkins 211

Review and possibilities of mental tests in the examination of applicants

for enlistment.

By Acting Asst. Surg. A. R. Schier 222

Observations on deep diving.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. R. W. French 227

Tuberculosis.

By Surg. E. Thompson 253

Observations on seven cases of cerebrospinal fever.

By Passed Asst. Surg. D. C. Cather 259

The posterior urethra and bladder in a hundred cases of chronic gonorrhea.

By Passed Asst. Surg. A. L. Clifton 265

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES:

Additions to the pathological collection 271

Additions to the helminthological collection 271

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

Apparatus for securing traction of lower extremities.

By Surg. H. A. Dunn 278

CLINICAL NOTES:

Leukopenia of a marked degree in a fatal case of pneumonia.

By Medical Director E. R. Stitt 275

GASTRIC CHANGES FOLLOWING GASTROENTEROSTOMY.

By Passed Asst. Surgs. H. F. Hull and O. J. Mink 275

TWO CASES OF MALARIA TREATED WITH SALVARSAN.

By Passed Asst. Surg. E. U. Reed 278

PSEUDOLEUKEMIC ANEMIA OF INFANCY OCCURRING IN TWINS.

By Asst. Surg. S. Walker, M. R. C 280,

EDITORIAL COMMENT:

George Perley Bradley, medical director, United States Navy. . . 283

A new quarterly naval medical journal 285

The Harrison law 285

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —Differentiation of the diseases included under chronic

arthritis. By L. W. Johnson. The war and typhoid fever. By G. F. Clark. Use of

the Schick test in the suppression of a diphtheria outbreak. By R. Sheehan. The

present status of the treatment of advanced cardiac decompensation. The

influence of diet upon necrosis caused by hepatic and renal poisons. Syphilitic

nephritis. Is emetin sufficient to bring about a radical cure in amebiasis? A case of a

large aneurism of the arch of the aorta with use of bronchoscopy. By E. Thompson

and E. L. Woods 287

Mental and nervous diseases.—The importance of the bony sinuses accessory

to the nose in the explanation of pains in the head, face, and neck. Spinal

decompression in meningomyelitis. Fleeting attacks of manic depressive

psychosis. Epilepsy and cerebral tumor. The ductless glands and mental disease.

Acute paraplegia. By R. Sheehan 295

Surgery. —The Freiburg method of Dammerschlaf or twilight sleep. By W.

G. Steadman. Observations on the seminal vesicles. By H. W. Cole. Rubber

gloves; a technique of mending. A note upon the wounds of the present campaign.

By L. W. Johnson. The silence of renal tuberculosis. Acute hemorrhagic

pancreatitis. Preservation of the iliohypogastric nerve in operation for cure

of inguinal hernia. Aperiosteal amputation through the femur. A modified

incision for approaching the gall bladder. The occurrence of acute

emphysematous gangrene (malignant edema) in wounds received in the war. Note on

the wounds observed during three weeks' fighting in Flanders. The naval action

off Helgoland. By A. M. Fauntleroy and E. H. H. Old 299

Hygiene and sanitation. —Massachusetts Association of Boards of Health;

report of question meeting. The disinfecting properties of gaslight on air of

room. Sewage disinfection for vessels and railway coaches. The prophylaxis of

malaria with special reference to the military service. By C. N. Fiske and R.

C. Ransdell 313

Tropical medicine. —Benzol in bilharzia. By E. L. Woods. Kala-azar and

allied infections. Observations on the eggs of ascaris lumbricoides. By E. R.

Stitt 319

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —The occurrence of

certain structures in the erythrocytes of guinea pigs and their relationship to

the so-called parasite of yellow fever. Observations on myeloid sarcoma with an

analysis of fifty cases. By G. F. Clark. A new and rapid method for the

isolation and cultivation of tubercle bacilli directly from the sputum and

feces. Appendicitis treated with

anticolon bacillus serum and vaccine. The retention of iron in the organs

in hemolytic anemia. By C. S. Butler and A. B. Clifford 321

Chemistry and pharmacy. —The analysis of emulsions. Notes on the estimation

of morphin and Lloyd's reagent. By P. J. Waldner. Merck's annual report of

recent advances in pharmaceutical chemistry and

therapeutics. By E. W. Brown and O. G. Ruge 326

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —The tonsils as a habitat of oral

entamebas. By O N. Fiske. Enucleation of the eye under local anasthesia. On a

modification of Siegrist's method of local anesthesia in enucleation of

the eyeball. The use of pituitary extract as a coagulant in the surgery

of the nose and throat. Value of roentgenography in diagnosis of diseases of

the larynx and trachea. The difficulties and dangers of exploratory puncture of

the antrum of Highmore. By E. J. Grow and G. B.Trible 331

REPORTS:

Extracts from annual sanitary reports. —Notes on marine recruiting. By

F. H. Brooks. Notes on recruiting. By J. B. Bostick. Economy in use of hospital

supplies. By A. R. Wentworth. Venereal prophylaxis. Examination of civil

employees. By C. N. Fiske. Industrial notes from Boston yard. By N. J.

Blackwood. Notes on tropical hygiene. By A. Stuart. Battleship ventilation. Use

of barracks during . overhaul period. By T. W. Richards. Sanitary notes from

the U. S. S. Ozark. Malarial prophylaxis. By R. W. McDowell. Sanitary notes from

the U. S. S. Virginia. By G. L. Angeny 335

The Schick Test and the use of diphtheria antitoxin.

By Passed Asst. Surg. J. J. A. McMullin 362

Number 3

PREFACE vii

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

The normal heart in the Navy.

By Surg. G. F. Freeman 363

Surgical diagnosis and technic involving the appendix.

By Surg. A. M. Fauntleroy 381

Functional testing of the ear.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. B. Trible 400

A few points in diagnosis of gastric and duodenal ulcer by means of the

X-ray.

By Passed Asst. Surg. A. L. Clifton 410

The damage of syphilis to the Navy.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. F. Cottle 414

Recent conceptions of bronchial asthma.

By Asst. Surg. M. H. Sirard, M. R. C 419

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES:

Additions to the pathological collection 423

Additions to the helmintholooical collection 423

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

A venereal head.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. F. Cottle 425

A NEW MESSING SYSTEM FOR NAVAL HOSPITALS.

By Hosp. Steward F. E. Simmons 426

Messing arrangements in the U. S. Naval Hospital, Philadelphia.

By Surg. H. A. Dunn and Chief Pharm. P. J. Waldner 428

Castor oil. An aseptic dressing on the field of battle.

By Asst. Surg. A. E. Gallant, M.R.C 430

CLINICAL NOTES:

A case of fracture-dislocation of spine. Laminectomy.

By Surg. R. E. Ledbetter and Asst. Surg. H. Priest 433

A CASE OF ANEURYSM OF THE LEFT POSTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR ARTERY.

By Passed Asst. Surg. E. L. Woods 434

A CASE OF MALIGNANT ENDOCARDITIS. By Passed Asst. Surg. M E. Higgins

436

A POSSIBLE NEW X-RAY SIGN OF TUBERCULOSIS.

By Surg. E. Thompson and Hosp. Steward H. L. Gall 436

A CASE OF PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA (?) WITH MARKED LEUKOPENIA. By Passed

Asst. Surg. W. L. Mann, jr 438

Report of twenty-eight cases of pyorrhea alveolaris treated with emetin

hydrochlorid.

By Passed Asst. Surg. A. H. Allen 440

Intravenous injection of neosalvarsan in concentrated solution.

By Passed Asst. Surg. C. B. Camerer 441

TRANSLATIONS:

Catheterization of the ejaculatory canals.

By Surg. R. A. Bachmann 443

Hospital ships.

By Pharm. S. Wierzbicki 452

First-aid stations and transportation of the wounded in naval battle.

By Med. Inspect. S. G. Evans 454

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —The value of typhoid vaccines in the treatment of typhoid

fever. By L. W. Johnson. The intravenous and intramuscular administration of

diphtheria antitoxin. The noninfective causes of so-called rheumatism. Not very

well known causes of hematuria. Prodromal symptoms of gallstones. Observations

on renal functions in acute experimental unilateral nephritis. By E. Thompson

and E. L.

Woods 469

Mental and nervous diseases. —A critical study of Lange'a gold reaction

in cerebrospinal fluid. Post-operative nervous and mental disturbances. The

significance of the unconscious in psychopathology. By R. Sheehan 475

Surgery. —The role of gastroenterostomy in the treatment of ulcers. Ether-oil

colonic anesthesia. By H. W. Smith. Ununited fractures treated by long-axial

drilling of the fractured bone-ends. By E. Thompson. War surgery. The

osteogenic power of periosteum; with a note on bone transplantation. The

technic of cholecystectomy. The German use of asphyxiating gases. Transfusion

by the syringe method. The North Sea action of January 24. The best method of

treating wounds sustained in action, especially during the early period after

their infliction. By A. M. Fauntleroy and E. H. H. Old 479

Hygiene and sanitation. —The possibility of conveying typhoid fever by

clothing, contaminated food, and soiled fingers. The microbic content of indoor

and outdoor air. By E. W. Brown. Some results of the

first year's work of the New York State Commission on Ventilation. By

C. N. Eiske and E. W. Brown. Tincture of iodin and the prevention of venereal

disease. Ability of colon bacilli to survive pasteurization.

The specific gravity of the human body. Lead poisoning in the manufacture

of storage batteries. By C. N. Fiskc and R. C. Ransdell 495

Tropical medicine.—Pathology of verruga peruviana. The importance of

tertiary yaws. By C. S. Butler. The treatment of ancylostomiasis. By A. B.

Clifford. Studies in malaria. New theories and investigations

concerning pellagra. Immediate relapse in tertian malaria after energetic

salvarsan treatment. By E. R. Stitt 502

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —A study of the endamebas

of man in the Panama Canal Zone. Lipoids in immunity. The mechanism of antibody

action. The diagnosis and treatment of

parenchymatous syphilis. The bacteriology of appendicitis and its production

by intravenous injection of streptococci and colon bacilli. By G. F. Clark. On

the filterability and biology of spirochetes. A differential study of

coccidiodal granuloma and blastomycosis. Notes on the diagnosis of Asiatic

cholera at autopsy. The morphology of the adults of the filarise found in the

Philippine Islands. By C. S. Butler and A. B. Clifford 508

Chemistry and pharmacy.—Coloring of bichlorid of mercury solutions. By

L. Zembsch. An experimental study of lavage in acute carbolic acid poisoning.

By A. B. Clifford. Notes on a new alkaloid found in

nux vomica. Preliminary note on a new pharmacodynamic assay method. By

P. J. Waldnar. Estimation of urea. Estimation of urea and indirectly of

allantoin in urine by means of urease. Urea; its distribution in and

elimination from the body. Results of the hypochlorite disinfection of water

supplies. A further study of the chemical composition and nutritive value of

fish subjected to prolonged period of cold storage. By E. W. Brown and O. G.

Ruge 515

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Treatment of trachoma with carbonic acid snow.

Samoan conjunctivitis Is there a natural or acquired immunity to trachoma?

Clinical and anatomical study of a case of isolated

reflex immobility of the pupil, paralysis, tabes, and cerebrospinal syphilis

being excluded. Protection against injury of the hearing.Chronic local

infection of the nose, throat, and ear as a cause of general infection. The

sympathetic syndrome (undescribed) of sphenopalatine or nasal ganglion

neurosis. Shell explosions and the special senses. By E. J. Grow and G. B.

Trible 521

REPORTS:

Extracts from annual sanitary reports. —A review of the treatment and

results at the U. S. Naval Sanatorium for Tuberculosis at Las Animas, Colo. By

G. H. Barber. Battleship ventilation. ( Permanent detail of stretchermen. By J.

S. Taylor. Genito-urinary disease at Chelsea. By G. B. Wilson. Malarial prophylaxis. By H.

L. Smith. Sanitary notes from the U. S. S. Washington. By H. A. May. Sanitary

notes

from the U. S. S. Michigan. By J. A. Murphy. Sanitary notes from the U.

S. S. Palos. By D. C. Post. Camp sanitation. By R. I. Longabaugh 527

Lymphatic leukemia complicated by priapism. By Passed Asst. Surg. J. J.

A. McMullin 542

The seventy-first annual meeting of the American Medico-Psychological

Association. By Passed Asst. Surg. R. Sheehan 544

Number 4

PREFACE vii

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Observations upon the epidemiology of an outbreak of measles at the

Naval Training Station, Norfolk, Va.

By Surg. C. E. Riggs 647

The present status of the Hospital Corps. By Passed Asst. Surg. W. E.

Eaton , 556

The use of hospital ships in time of war.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R J. Straeten 565

Venereal disease aboard ship.

By Passed Asst. Surg. G. F. Cottle 571

Some dangers in passing the ureteral catheter to the kidney.

By Asst. Surg. B. C. Willis, M. R. C 577

Shanghai and Yangtze River hospitals.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R. H. Laning 679

Some medical aspects of the upper Yangtze River country.

By Asst. Surg. D. C. Post 620

Some medical conditions in China.

By Passed Asst. Surg. R. G. Davis 630

UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL SCHOOL LABORATORIES:

Additions to the pathological collection 635

Additions to the helminthological collection 635

SUGGESTED DEVICES:

An ambulance motor boat for hospital ships.

By Surg. E. M. Blackwell 637

CLINICAL NOTES:

Unusual type of typhus on U. S. S. Monocacy. Report of case. By Asst.

Surg. W. B. Hetfield 641

Injury by dynamite explosion. By Passed Asst. Surgs. G. C. Thomas and

L. W. Johnson 643

A case of hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

By Passed Asst. Surgs. G. C. Thomas and L. W. Johnson 644

Salvarsan in the treatment of schistosomiasis. Report of case.

By Asst. Surg. D. C. Post '645

An usually severe case of urticaria.

By Passed Asst. Surg. W. E. Eaton 650

Early reinfection with syphilis.

By Surg. T. W. Richards 651

A fatal cask of cecal ulceration with extensive complications.

Bv Passed Asst. Surg. W. L. Mann, jr 653

EDITORIAL COMMENT:

Scarcity and cost of medical supplies due to disturbance of European

markets 655

Bind your Bulletins 655

PROGRESS IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

General medicine. —The recent epidemic of smallpox in New South Wales.

By L. W. Johnson. The causes of indigestion. A study of 1,000 cases. By E. H.

H. Old. Certain physical signs referable to the diaphragm and their importance

to diagnosis. An epidemic of influenza in the Island of St. Kilda. Pollen

therapy in hay fever. Studies in bronchial glands. Mode of action and use of

emetin in endamebiasis. The treatment of eczema with special reference to the

use of vaccine and the part played by bacteria in its etiology. Report of 50

cases. Study of diseases of stomach and duodenum by X-ray. Cure and recurrence of

syphilis. By E. Thompson and E. L. Woods 667

Mental and nervous diseases.—Differential diagnosis of general paresis.

What is paranoia? The cerebrospinal fluid in diagnosis and treatment. Raynaud's

syndrome. Raynaud's disease. What tests in childhood are best calculated to

throw light upon the capacities of mental defectives for future work. The

Binet-Simon method and the intelligence of adult prisoners. By R. Sheehan 669

Surgery.— Medical narrative of the arrangements of the first division

at the Battle of the Aisne. The medical aspects of modern warfare, with special

reference to the use of hospital ships. By T. W. Richards. Injuries to the bowel from shell and

bullet wounds. By L. W. Johnson. Account of six specimens of great bowel

removed by operation; observations on motor mechanism of colon. Symptomless

renal hematuria arising from tumors,

aneurysms in the renal pelvis, and early tuberculosis. The treatment of

urethral stricture by excision. Some observations on bone transplantation.

Blood transfusion by the citrate method. Disinfection of the hands and

abdominal skin before operation. Partial regeneration of bone. By H. W.Smith.

Epididymotomy for acute epididymitis as an out-patient procedure. By W. E.

Eaton. Occlusion of the pylorus. Prevalent fallacies concerning subacromial

bursitis. Its pathogenoesis

and rational operative treatment. Autogenous bone grafts versus Lane's

plates. A new procedure for the cure of chronic synovitis. Report on the

wounded in the action between the Sydney and the Emden.

By E. H. H. Old 672

Hygiene and sanitation. —Paint poisoning. By T. W. Richards. Sterilization

of water by chlorin. The prevalence of occupational factors in disease and

suggestions for their elimination. Bismuth-paste

poisoning —report of a fatal case. The making of a milk commission. Present

practice relating to city waste collection and disposal. A statistical study of

personal association as a factor in the etiology of pellagra. The influence of

age of the grandparent at the birth of the parent on the number of the children

born and their sex. By C. N. Fiske and R. O. Ransdell 694

Pathology, bacteriology, and animal parasitology. —Simple and efficient

contrast stain for B. diphtheriae. By C. N. Fiske. The heart muscle in

pneumonia. The sterilization of vaccines and the influence of the various

methods employed on their antigenic properties. The Wassermann and luetin

reactions in leprosy. By C. S. Butler and A. B. Clifford 700

Eye, ear, nose, and throat. —Relation of general arteriosclerosis to certain

ocular conditions. Eyestrain and ocular discomfort from faulty illumination. Hemorrhage

from the nose and throat. Diagnosis and conservative treatment of inflammation

of the accessory sinuses of the nose. Primary carcinoma of the tonsils. Nasal

polypi. By E. J. Grow and G. B. Trible 703

REPORTS. —Topographical extracts from annual sanitary reports:

Yangtze River ports. By Passed Asst. Surg. C. L. Beeching 707

Cape Haitien, Haiti. By Asst. Surg. C. P. Lynch 710

Santo Domingo and Haiti. By Passed Asst. Surg. E. A. Vickery 714

Vera Cruz, Santo Domingo, and Haiti. By Surg. R. W. Plummer 715

Santo Domingo. By Asst. Surg. J. B. Helm 716

Bluefields, Nicaragua. By Asst. Surg. C. P. Lynch 719

Alaskan ports. By Surg. W. S. Pugh, jr 723

INDEX 727

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Note: The colors, contrast and appearance of these illustrations are unlikely to be true to life. They are derived from scanned images that have been enhanced for machine interpretation and have been altered from their originals.

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FULL BACK VIEW by DALE

10 4

Resting Elephant Zakouma National Park in Chad by inyathi

11 4

Elephants very quickly learn where they're safe and where they're not, this bull is one of a small group that hang around the Zakouma HQ area during the dry season.

For roughly 6 months of the year between June and November Zakouma National Park is almost entirely inundated with floodwaters at this time elephants would often disperse into the surrounding area of what is now the Salamat Faunal Reserve. During this time Arab horsemen from the Darfur region of neighbouring Sudan would come to hunt the elephants as they had done for perhaps several hundred years. Traditionally a group of up to 20 horsemen armed with lances would charge a herd aiming to separate out one of the elephants. A single horseman would then ride in front of this elephant to draw its attention and get it to pursue him allowing the other men to ride in and spear it from behind with their lances. They would aim for the elephant’s hamstrings in its hind legs which if severed would bring the animal down and ensure it could not get up again. Huge numbers of elephants were killed this way and in response the surviving herds in the region have learned that at the first sign of horsemen their best defence is bunch up into tight groups to ensure that no individual can be separated out.

Today this is no defence the horsemen are Janjaweed militiamen and members of the Sudanese armed forces and they come not with the lances used by their ancestors but with AK47s, belt-fed machine guns and rocket propelled grenades. This habit of bunching up into a single large herd has meant that the poachers can easily kill 50-60 elephants in a single attack by simply machine gunning the terrified animals as they try to escape. In 2005 an aerial count found 3,885 elephants in Zakouma and the surrounding area in under a decade the population was reduced to just 430 and had stopped breeding due to the constant stress. Since African Parks took over Zakouma the poaching has been almost entirely stopped and the elephants are breeding again the population now stands at around 470.

Bull elephant crossing the Bahr Salamat, Zakouma National Park, Chad by inyathi

3 5

Zakouma is an unusual park when compared to the better-known national parks of East or Southern Africa, because on normal game drives through the park, you simply don’t see elephants, except for the handful of bulls, that hang around the airstrip and the park HQ in the area of the park that is actually called Zakouma, elsewhere you just don’t see them, not unless you are actively looking for them and know in advance where they are. You won’t drive around a corner and find a small herd feeding beside the road as you might in a park like say Ruaha in Tanzania, to understand why this is the case, you need to know the tragic history of Zakouma’s elephants.

For roughly 6 months of the year between June and November Zakouma National Park is almost entirely inundated with floodwaters at this time elephants would often disperse into the surrounding area of what is now the Salamat Faunal Reserve. During this time Arab horsemen from the Darfur region of neighbouring Sudan would come to hunt the elephants, as they had done for perhaps several hundred years. Traditionally a group of up to 20 horsemen armed with lances would charge a herd aiming to separate out one of the elephants, picking one with good tusks. A single horseman would then ride in front of this elephant to draw its attention and get it to pursue him, allowing the other men to ride in and spear it from behind with their lances. They would aim for the elephant’s hamstrings in its hind legs which if severed would bring the animal down and ensure it could not get up again. Huge numbers of elephants were killed this way and in response the surviving herds in the region, have learned that at the first sign of horsemen, their best defence is bunch up into tight groups to ensure that no individual can be separated out.

Today this is no defence, the horsemen are Janjaweed militiamen and members of the Sudanese armed forces and they come not with the lances used by their ancestors, but with AK47s, belt-fed machine guns and rocket propelled grenades. This habit of bunching up into a single large herd, has meant that the poachers can easily kill 50-60 elephants in a single attack by simply machine gunning the terrified animals as they try to escape. In 2005 an aerial count found 3,885 elephants in Zakouma and the surrounding area, in under a decade the population was reduced to just 430 and had stopped breeding due to the constant stress. Since African Parks took over Zakouma the poaching has been almost entirely stopped and the elephants are breeding again, they have not lost an elephant to poaching in 6 years at the last count in 2021, the population had reached 636.

Zakouma had become famous for what was often described as the largest elephant herd in Africa, simply because the majority of the park’s elephants were congregating together in a huge unnatural mega-herd, that would include bulls that would normally have been pushed out. Besides sticking together for protection, the elephants also like to remain in the thick bush and woodlands, avoiding open areas of the park, this is why you just don’t see them when driving around. Just in the last couple of years the elephant herd has started to split into several big herds instead of just one, but they still stay deep in the bush, doing their best to avoid people entirely.

Driving down to a crossing point on the Salamat, we unexpectedly came across this bull walking along the bank towards us, he was clearly intending to cross the river as well, whilst we had to follow the road and bounce over the rocks, he just waded through the not very deep water and wandered off up the other bank. This was a lucky sighting, as we were nowhere near the HQ area, and by the time we were driving along the other side of the Salamat he had melted back into the bush, had we reached the river somewhat earlier or later we might not have seen him at all.

#19 Someone I Love by Susan Allen

6 10

For 31 Days of May Challenge

No.19 Someone I Love

Blake back in the frame again - but I really does luffs him. He is such a luffable boy.

A complete idiot but so docile, a very typical 45 mph couch potato retired racer. He was born and bred in Ireland, raced a few times, not very successfully, and was then shipped over to Liverpool and raced on unlicenced tracks in that area. He then ruptured a hamstring which meant the death sentence. And we're not talking an injection at the Vet's.

Luckily, one of his kennelmaids took a shine to him, recognised that he was such a lovely character, and managed to get him to a rescue centre.

It's a very harsh and horrible world, the arena of greyhound racing. Hounds aren't valuable like racehorses, they're disposable commodities if they're unsuccessful or when they become injured.

They make glorious pets, and there are many rescue organisations in the UK - we got him from the wonderful Greyhound Gap people - an independently run charity entirely self funded and run by a network of volunteer staff across the country, they do tireless work to re-home or care for every hound that comes their way.

greyhoundgap.com/

Wide Legged Forward Bend by Charles Wills

3

Wide Legged Forward Bend with a chest opener (arm variation) - Prasarita Padottanasana. It is a great multipurpose standing yoga posture: lengthens the spine, lengthens the hamstrings/entire legs and stretches the back muscles. This pose can be practiced in all it's variations for increased benefits, but start with the gentle version by stepping wide from Mountain Pose/Tadasana folding forward using blocks under palms, if needed. Photo was taken while on my yoga teaching vacation at Dreams Resort and Spa in Huatulco, Mexico. The waves were incredibly powerful, tides were speedily coming in and it felt invigorating; it was a magnificent location for a yoga practice and shooting some yoga postures.

Ouch by Jeff Day

4

Snow on the mountain, but fire in the hamstring...

Yoga at the Wall Yoga Class with Gloria Baraquio @ The Springs LA by Lisa Carney

Yoga at the Wall Yoga Class with Gloria Baraquio @ The Springs LA youtu.be/wgnc9f9MILw Yoga at the Wall Yoga Class with Gloria Baraquio @ The Springs LA. Improve your yoga practice with Gloria Baraquio's Yoga at the Wall yoga video. This Yoga at the Wall yoga class will help you refine your yoga practice, as well strengthen and open your upper back, shoulders, hamstrings, core muscles, hips, as well as teaching more in depth asana alignment how to use the bhanda's. Gloria Baraquio is a yogini from Hawaii who began her practice in 2003 when she began suffering from anxiety attacks. After experiencing her ujjayi breath for the first time in a yoga class, she finally understood the importance of breathing and how it could calm, center, and ground her life. She began teaching in 2006 and embarked on a journey through vinyasa, ashtanga, Iyengar, hatha, bhakti, kundalini, somatics, ecstatic dance, Nia, Rolfing, acupuncture, physical theater, and natural foods, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the body, mind, voice, movement, and nutrition. As a teacher and Yoga Director of The Springs, Gloria’s desire is to help others cultivate an intimate relationship with themselves and their surroundings so that they can live more fully, with love, peace, gratitude, and well-being. Gloria's background is in education, performing arts, film production, and community building. While working as a TV host, writer, and actor in Hawaii, she taught K-12 students in public charter schools (Language Arts, Math, Digital Media, and Yoga). Living both on and off the grid of the Big Island for 7 years was her greatest training in spiritual practice, yoga, natural healing, and community building. She is certified to teach vinyasa and aerial yoga. gloriabaraquio.com Check out some of our other Yoga Videos here: Yoga Workout Yoga Flow w/ Gloria Boraquio youtu.be/4_mOELQh9m8 Yoga for Weight Loss www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxpxh1bd_EQ 30 Minute Cardio Flow Yoga Workout youtu.be/cRJlOKb_chs Prenatal Yoga 30 Minute Class www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTDoc... Bikram Yoga inpsired Class with Maggie Grove youtu.be/V5i5Qz2IGJE Power Yoga for Weight Loss youtu.be/yUtK7v3dsr0 Strong Yoga For Beginners Workout youtu.be/xglmLhDppmo Meditative Bhakti Yoga Flow youtu.be/mQnAvEbDNPg Cardio Yoga Workout youtu.be/hy-qss2Takg Yoga Workout 1 hour Yoga For Weight Loss youtu.be/yUtK7v3dsr0 Power Yoga Flow youtu.be/XpGnuK_u4gQ Bhakti Yoga Class youtu.be/K9scEzgir-8 Yoga for Beginners youtu.be/EaKZ3Xtxf5A Mindfulness Meditation youtu.be/2K-ZcAgka2g Our Sites www.heartalchemyyoga.com plus.google.com/+HeartAlchemyyoga facebook.com/heartalchemyyoga instagram.com/travlinyogini twitter.com/travlinyogini www.pinterest.com/travlinyogini

Elephants in Zakouma NP in Chad by inyathi

9 3

Even after establishing where the elephants were thanks to their tracking collars actually getting close enough to spot them in the thick Vachelia (Acacia) seyal bush was difficult while they were still on the move.

For roughly 6 months of the year between June and November Zakouma National Park is almost entirely inundated with floodwaters at this time elephants would often disperse into the surrounding area of what is now the Salamat Faunal Reserve. During this time Arab horsemen from the Darfur region of neighbouring Sudan would come to hunt the elephants as they had done for perhaps several hundred years. Traditionally a group of up to 20 horsemen armed with lances would charge a herd aiming to separate out one of the elephants. A single horseman would then ride in front of this elephant to draw its attention and get it to pursue him allowing the other men to ride in and spear it from behind with their lances. They would aim for the elephant’s hamstrings in its hind legs which if severed would bring the animal down and ensure it could not get up again. Huge numbers of elephants were killed this way and in response the surviving herds in the region have learned that at the first sign of horsemen their best defence is bunch up into tight groups to ensure that no individual can be separated out.

Today this is no defence the horsemen are Janjaweed militiamen and members of the Sudanese armed forces and they come not with the lances used by their ancestors but with AK47s, belt-fed machine guns and rocket propelled grenades. This habit of bunching up into a single large herd has meant that the poachers can easily kill 50-60 elephants in a single attack by simply machine gunning the terrified animals as they try to escape. In 2005 an aerial count found 3,885 elephants in Zakouma and the surrounding area in under a decade the population was reduced to just 430 and had stopped breeding due to the constant stress. Since African Parks took over Zakouma the poaching has been almost entirely stopped and the elephants are breeding again the population now stands at around 470.

After so many years of poaching most of Zakouma's elephants still generally stick together in a single big herd and often keep to the thick bush making them difficult to find.

The main elephant herd, Zakouma National Park, Chad by inyathi

2

For roughly 6 months of the year between June and November Zakouma National Park is almost entirely inundated with floodwaters at this time elephants would often disperse into the surrounding area of what is now the Salamat Faunal Reserve. During this time Arab horsemen from the Darfur region of neighbouring Sudan would come to hunt the elephants as they had done for perhaps several hundred years. Traditionally a group of up to 20 horsemen armed with lances would charge a herd aiming to separate out one of the elephants. A single horseman would then ride in front of this elephant to draw its attention and get it to pursue him allowing the other men to ride in and spear it from behind with their lances. They would aim for the elephant’s hamstrings in its hind legs which if severed would bring the animal down and ensure it could not get up again. Huge numbers of elephants were killed this way and in response the surviving herds in the region have learned that at the first sign of horsemen their best defence is bunch up into tight groups to ensure that no individual can be separated out.

Today this is no defence the horsemen are Janjaweed militiamen and members of the Sudanese armed forces and they come not with the lances used by their ancestors but with AK47s, belt-fed machine guns and rocket propelled grenades. This habit of bunching up into a single large herd has meant that the poachers can easily kill 50-60 elephants in a single attack by simply machine gunning the terrified animals as they try to escape. In 2005 an aerial count found 3,885 elephants in Zakouma and the surrounding area in under a decade the population was reduced to just 430 and had stopped breeding due to the constant stress. Since African Parks took over Zakouma the poaching has been almost entirely stopped, there hasn’t been a single poaching incident in 5 years, as soon as the elephants started to feel secure, they began to breed again, at the last count in 2021 the population had reached 636.

All of this poaching led to Zakouma’s elephants forming a single large dysfunctional herd that included adult bulls, that would ordinarily have been pushed out of the herd, perhaps because of how much the population has grown, the big herd does seem to have started to split into several large herds rather than one single one. Although they are now safe, elephants have long memories, they remain extremely nervous and are difficult to find and approach.

Your best chance of seeing them is to wait for them to come to the Salamat River to drink, having established from park HQ where they are first, so that you know where best to wait. This is not fool proof, we tried this and missed them, finally we chanced upon the big herd in the south of the park, whilst they were out in the open, they didn’t remain in the open for long and quickly ran back into the bush, even though we were a long distance away. We knew that we should not try to pursue them in the car, that we would never get close, we would just cause further panic and cause them to keep running the last thing we wanted. However, as we were driving away, we could still see them moving through the bush, so our professional guide Zarek Cockar, decided we should try and approach them on foot, we were able to get a good view as they passed by, without them being aware of us at all. Seeing so many young elephants was fantastic, given the history of this herd.

The Ol' Hamstring Stretch by Madame T And Daisy D

21 3

😉

Zakouma's elephant herd by inyathi

11 3

For roughly 6 months of the year between June and November Zakouma National Park is almost entirely inundated with floodwaters at this time elephants would often disperse into the surrounding area of what is now the Salamat Faunal Reserve. During this time Arab horsemen from the Darfur region of neighbouring Sudan would come to hunt the elephants as they had done for perhaps several hundred years. Traditionally a group of up to 20 horsemen armed with lances would charge a herd aiming to separate out one of the elephants. A single horseman would then ride in front of this elephant to draw its attention and get it to pursue him allowing the other men to ride in and spear it from behind with their lances. They would aim for the elephant’s hamstrings in its hind legs which if severed would bring the animal down and ensure it could not get up again. Huge numbers of elephants were killed this way and in response the surviving herds in the region have learned that at the first sign of horsemen their best defence is bunch up into tight groups to ensure that no individual can be separated out.

Today this is no defence the horsemen are Janjaweed militiamen and members of the Sudanese armed forces and they come not with the lances used by their ancestors but with AK47s, belt-fed machine guns and rocket propelled grenades. This habit of bunching up into a single large herd has meant that the poachers can easily kill 50-60 elephants in a single attack by simply machine gunning the terrified animals as they try to escape. In 2005 an aerial count found 3,885 elephants in Zakouma and the surrounding area in under a decade the population was reduced to just 430 and had stopped breeding due to the constant stress. Since African Parks took over Zakouma the poaching has been almost entirely stopped and the elephants are breeding again the population now stands at around 470.

After so many years of poaching most of Zakouma's elephants still generally stick together in a single big herd and often keeping to the thick bush making it easier to spot them from the air. Once the main herd has been located from the air then it may be possible to drive to where they are and see them from the ground. The herd crossed the road in front of us but otherwise kept to the thick bush where they feel more secure and there's plenty of food. Although we kept our distance this youngster decided to offer us a brief challenge just to show that it wasn't too happy that we were there, then very quickly they all disappeared back into the bush.

Savannah Elephants, Zakouma National Park, Chad by inyathi

5

For roughly 6 months of the year between June and November Zakouma National Park is almost entirely inundated with floodwaters at this time elephants would often disperse into the surrounding area of what is now the Salamat Faunal Reserve. During this time Arab horsemen from the Darfur region of neighbouring Sudan would come to hunt the elephants as they had done for perhaps several hundred years. Traditionally a group of up to 20 horsemen armed with lances would charge a herd aiming to separate out one of the elephants. A single horseman would then ride in front of this elephant to draw its attention and get it to pursue him allowing the other men to ride in and spear it from behind with their lances. They would aim for the elephant’s hamstrings in its hind legs which if severed would bring the animal down and ensure it could not get up again. Huge numbers of elephants were killed this way and in response the surviving herds in the region have learned that at the first sign of horsemen their best defence is bunch up into tight groups to ensure that no individual can be separated out.

Today this is no defence the horsemen are Janjaweed militiamen and members of the Sudanese armed forces and they come not with the lances used by their ancestors but with AK47s, belt-fed machine guns and rocket propelled grenades. This habit of bunching up into a single large herd has meant that the poachers can easily kill 50-60 elephants in a single attack by simply machine gunning the terrified animals as they try to escape. In 2005 an aerial count found 3,885 elephants in Zakouma and the surrounding area in under a decade the population was reduced to just 430 and had stopped breeding due to the constant stress. Since African Parks took over Zakouma the poaching has been almost entirely stopped, there hasn’t been a single poaching incident in 5 years, as soon as the elephants started to feel secure, they began to breed again, at the last count in 2021 the population had reached 636.

All of this poaching led to Zakouma’s elephants forming a single large dysfunctional herd that included adult bulls, that would ordinarily have been pushed out of the herd, perhaps because of how much the population has grown, the big herd does seem to have started to split into several large herds rather than one single one. Although they are now safe, elephants have long memories, they remain extremely nervous and are difficult to find and approach.

Your best chance of seeing them is to wait for them to come to the Salamat River to drink, having established from park HQ where they are first, so that you know where best to wait. This is not fool proof, we tried this and missed them, finally we chanced upon the big herd in the south of the park, whilst they were out in the open, they didn’t remain in the open for long and quickly ran back into the bush, even though we were a long distance away. We knew that we should not try to pursue them in the car, that we would never get close, we would just cause further panic and cause them to keep running the last thing we wanted. However, as we were driving away, we could still see them moving through the bush, so our professional guide Zarek Cockar, decided we should try and approach them on foot, we were able to get a good view as they passed by, without them being aware of us at all. Seeing so many young elephants was fantastic, given the history of this herd.

Advanced Yoga Workout with Michelle Goldstein at The Springs LA by Charles Garth

Advanced Yoga Workout with Michelle Goldstein at The Springs LA youtu.be/QAPs5wX6p8s www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcS0G_bRZ1E Advanced Yoga Workout with Michelle Goldstein at The Springs LA. Challenge your practice with this fast paced Advanced Yoga Flow video featuring arm balances and advanced poses. In this advanced yoga class renowned yoga teacher Michelle Goldstein infuses mindfulness, philosophy, technical alignment and humor with a strong cardiovascular yoga flow, including arm balances, and deeper floor stretches. Stretch and strengthen arms, shoulders, upper back, lower back, hips, hamstrings. Learn the arm balances Eka Pada Galavasana, Eka Pada Koundinyasina and Bakasana (crow pose), and deepen your breathing and mindfulness practice. About Michelle: About Michelle Goldstein: Michelle has maintained a daily yoga practice for 15 years. A protégée of renowned Yoga teacher, Bryan Kest of Santa Monica Power Yoga, Michelle has been teaching yoga flow and meditation for 8 years. Michelle leads workshops, immersions & retreats worldwide as well as teaching at Santa Monica Power Yoga, Yogaraj & Equinox Fitness Clubs. Known for her creative vinyasas (sequences of yoga asana) and pranayama, Michelle Goldsteins teaching integrates influences from various forms of movement and meditation set to powerfully inspiring backdrops of music. Approaching instruction with a deep spiritual reverence for the sacredness of yoga coupled with a joyous playful sense of humor, Michelles classes offer a safe, nurturing and challenging environment for students to come and explore their mental and physical boundaries. Check out some of our other Yoga Videos here: Yin Yoga Stretch for Athletes with Laila Garsys www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfK8vfUd64o Yoga on the Wall w/ Gloria Boraquio www.youtube.com/watch?v=wgnc9f9MILw Yoga Workout Yoga Flow w/ Gloria Boraquio youtu.be/4_mOELQh9m8 30 Minute Cardio Flow Yoga Workout youtu.be/cRJlOKb_chs Bikram Yoga inpsired Class with Maggie Grove youtu.be/V5i5Qz2IGJE Strong Yoga For Beginners Workout youtu.be/xglmLhDppmo Meditative Bhakti Yoga Flow youtu.be/mQnAvEbDNPg Cardio Yoga Workout youtu.be/hy-qss2Takg Yoga Workout 1 hour Yoga For Weight Loss youtu.be/yUtK7v3dsr0 Power Yoga Flow youtu.be/XpGnuK_u4gQ Bhakti Yoga Class youtu.be/K9scEzgir-8 Yoga for Beginners youtu.be/EaKZ3Xtxf5A Our Sites www.heartalchemyyoga.com plus.google.com/+HeartAlchemy... facebook.com/heartalchemyyoga instagram.com/travlinyogini twitter.com/travlinyogini www.pinterest.com/travlinyogini

Yoga Workout ~ Grounding Flow with Evangeline Yeun by Lisa Carney

Yoga Workout ~ Grounding Flow with Evangeline Yeun youtu.be/nVN1S_DK59A An excellent yoga flow class to open and strengthen your whole body filled with loads of motivating inspiration. This grounding yoga flow is taught by acclaimed yoga teacher Evangeline Yeun from Sydney, Australia, and brings positive, grounding energy to your yoga practice, as well as strengthening and opening your whole body, heart and mind. Evangeline was first introduced to yoga in 2001 when she took a yoga class in her hometown of San Francisco. Working in the fashion industry, she was always stressed out and discovered that a regular yoga practice calmed her nerves and helped her to feel better about herself. In 2005, she decided to take the plunge. She decided to leave the corporate world and embark on a new adventure by enrolling in the Bikram Yoga Teacher Training. Since then, Evangeline has taught in San Francisco, Vancouver and now Sydney, her new home. Here, she has combined her love of yoga with her fashion industry experience, and launched her own unique brand of yoga wear for men and women – Yogalicious. She was also the Yoga and Lifestyle Advisor for Biotherm’s “Energy Team” for 5 years. Her love of yoga has also expanded into learning and teaching other Yoga styles in Sydney. In 2007, she participated in some workshops and teacher trainings with Twee Merrigan and in 2009 completed Advanced Yoga Teacher Training with Mark Breadner. She has also immersed herself in Jivamukti and Anusara training and is inspired by Shiva Rea, Twee Merrigan, Sharon Gannon, Kathryn Budig, Mark Breadner and her family and friends. AntiGravity Yoga has also been a recent love affair as she just completed her AntiGravity Yoga Teacher Training. She loves to incorporate different styles of yoga and dance in her creative, playful and dynamic classes. “I love teaching yoga and sharing this passion with others. I strive to remain calm, present and aware at all times and live yoga off the mat. I encourage students to relax, have fun and be themselves. Yoga is a beautiful journey and has changed my life.” — Evangeline Check out some of our other Yoga videos here: Power Yoga Workout ~ Let Grace Flow www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQ00C12psuw Yoga Workout for Hamstrings, with Hanumanasana www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgoU5Ph94a8&t=28s Bikram Yoga Full 90 Minute Workout with Maggie Grove www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e2pDKZHNaI Handstand Yoga Flow www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqTtNXzeYBs&t=1121s Power Yoga with Twists www.youtube.com/edit?video_id=6lnhDl9g9R0&video_refer... Click below to subscribe to our channel: youtube.com/heartalchemyyoga Our Sites www.heartalchemyyoga.com facebook.com/heartalchemyyoga instagram.com/travlinyogini twitter.com/travlinyogini

Yoga Workout 2015 ~ Strong Flow ~ (30 minutes) ✪ by Lisa Carney

Yoga Workout 2015 ~ Strong Flow ~ (30 minutes) ✪ youtu.be/4sKQIBM14Tk www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbmNj6gOSdA Strong Yoga Workout 2015. A quick paced, strong yoga class to flow to, taught by Los Angeles based acclaimed yoga teacher Michelle Goldstein. Practicing to this yoga video will improve strength, stamina, flexibility and balance, as well as promoting peace of mind. This yoga flow class stretches and strengthens hips, hamstrings, upper body, back. About Michelle Goldstein: Michelle has maintained a daily yoga practice for 16 years. Micgelle has studied and practiced with many inspiring teachers including Max Strom, Saul David Raye, Bryan Kest of Santa Monica Power Yoga, Erich Schiffman, Annie Carpenter, Vinnie Marino, & Jerome Mercier. Michelle has been teaching yoga flow and meditation for over 10 years and leads workshops, immersions & retreats worldwide as well as teaching at Santa Monica Power Yoga & Equinox Fitness Clubs. Known for her creative vinyasas (sequences of yoga asana) and pranayama, Michelle Goldstein's teaching integrates influences from various forms of movement and meditation set to powerfully inspiring backdrops of music. Approaching instruction with a deep spiritual reverence for the sacredness of yoga coupled with a joyous playful sense of humor, Michelle's classes offer a safe, nurturing and challenging environment for students to come and explore their mental and physical boundaries. Bikram Yoga inpsired Class with Maggie Grove youtu.be/V5i5Qz2IGJE Power Yoga for Weight Loss youtu.be/yUtK7v3dsr0 Strong Yoga For Beginners Workout youtu.be/xglmLhDppmo Meditative Bhakti Yoga Flow youtu.be/mQnAvEbDNPg Cardio Yoga Workout youtu.be/hy-qss2Takg Yoga Workout 1 hour Yoga For Weight Loss youtu.be/yUtK7v3dsr0 Power Yoga Flow youtu.be/XpGnuK_u4gQ Bhakti Yoga Class youtu.be/K9scEzgir-8 Yoga for Beginners youtu.be/EaKZ3Xtxf5A Mindfulness Meditation youtu.be/2K-ZcAgka2g Gentle Yin Yoga Full Class youtu.be/Z3AlyD1CIJw Bhakti Yoga flow heart opening yoga workout with Kumi Yogini youtu.be/onS6uq94NHw Bhakti yoga class yoga flow with Kumi Yogini ॐ youtu.be/K9scEzgir-8 bhakti yoga class with Kumi Yogini youtu.be/ch4CEW-vEoc Advanced Yoga Workout - Inversions, Hand Stand, Core Work youtu.be/KbLVYpQ74Zo Bhakti Yoga Flow youtu.be/KvhIvZyemtI Inspired Yoga Workout with Breathwork youtu.be/_wG5hEBrMJQ Strong beginners Yoga Workout with JQ Williams youtu.be/vQdOhTKfEt8 Bhakti Yoga flow yoga workout youtu.be/VPmOF99bBHg Beginners Yoga Flow 2015 youtu.be/Dva-ThUN6Ww Bhakti Yoga Flow with Kumi Yogini 2015 youtu.be/onS6uq94NHw Yoga for Beginners Level 1 yoga workout youtu.be/f2sIjOHFZuU Yoga Flow youtu.be/YKVhB4TxuwU 40 Minute Yin Yoga Class youtu.be/O_Vg-j5lkuA Strong Power Yoga Flow youtu.be/UwJFpTRXI-g Yoga flow daily recharge total body workout youtu.be/LiTlpC0RU6Q Strong Power Yoga Flow youtu.be/Ua10v6kw27c 30 Minute Power Yoga Flow with Twists for detox youtu.be/Sy25cbDGqBM 30 Minute Daily Yoga Flow for weight loss youtu.be/Vc4u04a5A4o Click below to subscribe to our channel: youtube.com/heartalchemyyoga Our Sites www.heartalchemyyoga.com plus.google.com/+HeartAlchemy... facebook.com/heartalchemyyoga instagram.com/travlinyogini twitter.com/travlinyogini www.pinterest.com/travlinyogini www.michellegoldsteinyoga.com

Nordic Hamstring zu kaufen bei https://www.pullsh.net/ by Volker Joschko

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Power Yoga Workout Daily Yoga Flow (35 minutes) ✪ by Lisa Carney

Power Yoga Workout Daily Yoga Flow (35 minutes) ✪ youtu.be/FAwQIsnditw Power Yoga Workout Daily Yoga Flow (35 minutes). Taught by Los Angeles based yoga teacher Michelle Goldstein, this 35 minute yoga flow workout is rigorous yoga class that will increase your strength, stamina and flexibility. A strong vinyasa flow yoga class, this 30 minute intense yoga workout will stretch and strengthen upper back, lower back, shoulders, arms, hips, hamstrings and core muscles, as well as promoting peace of mind with pranayama and meditation. We also offer a 70 minute version of this class here: www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wG5hEBrMJQ About Michelle Goldstein: Michelle has maintained a daily yoga practice for 15 years. A protégée of renowned Yoga teacher, Bryan Kest of Santa Monica Power Yoga, Michelle has been teaching yoga flow and meditation for 8 years. Michelle leads workshops, immersions & retreats worldwide as well as teaching at Santa Monica Power Yoga, Yogaraj & Equinox Fitness Clubs. Known for her creative vinyasas (sequences of yoga asana) and pranayama, Michelle Goldstein's teaching integrates influences from various forms of movement and meditation set to powerfully inspiring backdrops of music. Approaching instruction with a deep spiritual reverence for the sacredness of yoga coupled with a joyous playful sense of humor, Michelles classes offer a safe, nurturing and challenging environment for students to come and explore their mental and physical boundaries. Checkout our other Yoga Videos here: 30 Minute Cardio Flow Yoga Workout youtu.be/cRJlOKb_chs Prenatal Yoga 30 Minute Class www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTDocfhdA1Y&feature=youtu.be Bikram Yoga inpsired Class with Maggie Grove youtu.be/V5i5Qz2IGJE Power Yoga for Weight Loss youtu.be/yUtK7v3dsr0 Strong Yoga For Beginners Workout youtu.be/xglmLhDppmo Meditative Bhakti Yoga Flow youtu.be/mQnAvEbDNPg Cardio Yoga Workout youtu.be/hy-qss2Takg Yoga Workout 1 hour Yoga For Weight Loss youtu.be/yUtK7v3dsr0 Power Yoga Flow youtu.be/XpGnuK_u4gQ Bhakti Yoga Class youtu.be/K9scEzgir-8 Yoga for Beginners youtu.be/EaKZ3Xtxf5A Mindfulness Meditation youtu.be/2K-ZcAgka2g Gentle Yin Yoga Full Class youtu.be/Z3AlyD1CIJw Bhakti Yoga flow heart opening yoga workout with Kumi Yogini youtu.be/onS6uq94NHw Bhakti yoga class yoga flow with Kumi Yogini ॐ youtu.be/K9scEzgir-8 bhakti yoga class with Kumi Yogini youtu.be/ch4CEW-vEoc Advanced Yoga Workout - Inversions, Hand Stand, Core Work youtu.be/KbLVYpQ74Zo Bhakti Yoga Flow youtu.be/KvhIvZyemtI Inspired Yoga Workout with Breathwork youtu.be/_wG5hEBrMJQ Strong beginners Yoga Workout with JQ Williams youtu.be/vQdOhTKfEt8 Bhakti Yoga flow yoga workout youtu.be/VPmOF99bBHg Beginners Yoga Flow 2015 youtu.be/Dva-ThUN6Ww Bhakti Yoga Flow with Kumi Yogini 2015 youtu.be/onS6uq94NHw Yoga for Beginners Level 1 yoga workout youtu.be/f2sIjOHFZuU Yoga Flow youtu.be/YKVhB4TxuwU 40 Minute Yin Yoga Class youtu.be/O_Vg-j5lkuA Strong Power Yoga Flow youtu.be/UwJFpTRXI-g Click below to subscribe to our channel: youtube.com/heartalchemyyoga Our Sites www.heartalchemyyoga.com plus.google.com/+HeartAlchemy... facebook.com/heartalchemyyoga instagram.com/travlinyogini twitter.com/travlinyogini www.pinterest.com/travlinyogini www.michellegoldsteinyoga.com

winners by skintone

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another shot from the winners shoe diversion series, shot by the former martini beach

Hamstrings Calling to Heaven by Shar Ka

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Uttanasana - Standing Forward Fold

Bow to your Divine Self and be aware that Supreme Consciousness takes the shape of our stiff body. Usually practitioners use blocks to elevate hands to be able to reach down. Sarah is using the blocks to elevate legs so there is more length in the spine and more stretch in her hamstrings. The pose is getting more intense and so does the intention to elevate the Spirit.

Rabbit - Bunnies - Bunny Rabbit (Leporidae ) by PHOTOGRAPHY by DM & DBM.

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Rabbits, also known as bunnies or bunny rabbits, are small mammals in the family Leporidae (which also includes the hares), which is in the order Lagomorpha (which also includes the pikas). Oryctolagus cuniculus is the European rabbit, including its descendants, the world's 305 breeds[1] of domestic rabbit. Sylvilagus includes 13 wild rabbit species, among them the seven types of cottontail. The European rabbit, which has been introduced on every continent except Antarctica, is familiar throughout the world as a wild prey animal, a domesticated form of livestock and a pet. With its widespread effect on ecologies and cultures, in many areas of the world, the rabbit is a part of daily life – as food, clothing, a companion, and a source of artistic inspiration.

Although once considered rodents, lagomorphs like rabbits have been discovered to have diverged separately and earlier than their rodent cousins and have a number of traits rodents lack, like two extra incisors.

Terminology and etymology

A male rabbit is called a buck; a female is called a doe. An older term for an adult rabbit used until the 18th century is coney (derived ultimately from the Latin cuniculus), while rabbit once referred only to the young animals.[2] Another term for a young rabbit is bunny, though this term is often applied informally (particularly by children) to rabbits generally, especially domestic ones. More recently, the term kit or kitten has been used to refer to a young rabbit.

A group of rabbits is known as a colony or nest (or, occasionally, a warren, though this more commonly refers to where the rabbits live).[3] A group of baby rabbits produced from a single mating is referred to as a litter[4] and a group of domestic rabbits living together is sometimes called a herd.[5]

The word rabbit itself derives from the Middle English rabet, a borrowing from the Walloon robète, which was a diminutive of the French or Middle Dutch robbe.[6]

Taxonomy

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