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ESA’s Navigation Laboratory has a new recruit: this drone can carry different types of satellite navigation receivers to collect data for follow-on analysis.
The NavLab, based at ESA’s ESTEC technical centre in Noordwijk, the Netherlands, is focused on the testing, analysis and characterisation of navigation systems for both ESA and external customers.
With drones representing a rapidly-expanding satnav user base, this is a timely addition to the NavLab’s suite of platforms for the testing of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technologies and techniques – also including static, mobile and pedestrian platforms and a pair of test vans.
Along with receivers and antennas, the drone can also host radio-frequency spectrum samplers and support equipment, allowing the assessment of performance in specific dynamics and environments related to aeronautical GNSS applications. See it in action here.
To find out more about working with ESA facilities, check our new website on the duties and resources of ESA’s Directorate of Technology, Engineering and Quality.
Credits: ESA-Remedia
Inspiration en lisant ce matin "Journal d'un Vampire en Pyjama." tout en écoutant la musique qui va avec... www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUJzxt_gNSs
A small forest of antennas sprouts from the roof of ESA’s Navigation Laboratory, based at the ESTEC technical centre in the Netherlands, which is among the most frequently satnav-fixed locations on Earth. This is also the site of the very first Galileo positioning fix, acquired back in 2014 using the first quartet of Galileo satellites.
“The antenna is a critical component of any Global Navigation Satellite System user segment, capturing power from the electromagnetic waves it receives, then converting it into electrical current to be processed by the rest of the receiver chain,” explains Radio Navigation Engineer Michelangelo Albertazzi.
“Up here we have a variety of antenna designs in place – such as omnidirectional, high gain and arrays – from leading world receiver manufacturers, which acquire signals from all major global GNSS constellations, including Galileo, GPS, the Russian Glonass and China’s Beidou, as well as regional systems such as Europe’s EGNOS.”
The NavLab is also equipped with state-of-the-art equipment to record, replay and analyze the RF signals picked up by these antennas, to help with its main goal of performing tests, analyses and characterisation of navigation systems for both ESA and external customers.
To find out more about working with ESA facilities, check our new website on the duties and resources of ESA’s Directorate of Technology, Engineering and Quality.
Credits: ESA-Remedia
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Marine plastic litter was dumped into a realistic scale model of the Atlantic Ocean to test if space technologies would be able to detect it from orbit.
The best estimate is that an average 10 million tons of plastic enter the ocean annually – equivalent to a fresh truckload of plastic dumped every minute – but researchers only know what happens to about 1% of it. Satellite monitoring might in future help track its extent, and see where it goes – if it can be proven to work in practice.
“Our goal here is to answer a few fundamental questions,” says ESA antenna engineer Peter de Maagt, overseeing the campaign.
“To start with, can we detect floating plastics with space-based monitoring at all? And if so, which techniques show the most promise, at what frequency and with what sensitivity? Up until now researchers have had general gut feelings about what might work the best, but we are working to remove any guesswork.”
The test campaign took place at the Deltares research institute near Delft in the Netherlands, inside its mammoth Atlantic Basin Facility.
Anton de Fockert, flow expert from Deltares, explains: “This one of a kind 650 sq. m. facility is equipped with wave generators to create realistic deep water waves which can be found in the ocean.”
Peter notes: “We decided to make this facility available to various European groups researching different satellite methods to identify marine plastic litter.The teams were recruited through ESA’s Open Space Innovation Platform, OSIP, seeking novel ideas for new space research activities.”
Anton de Fockert adds: “The plastic used in the basin included material previously recovered from the sea through cleanup campaigns by Stichting de Noordzee and Schone Rivieren as well as ‘fresh’ samples.”
For maximum realism, the plastic placed into the basin took the form of popular items found at sea, such as bags, bottles, marine nets and ropes, cutlery and Styrofoam balls. Additional non-plastic items were also added – to better mimic actual distribution found at sea – including cigarette ends.
“This first test campaign lasted for two weeks, plus an initial week for setup,” says Peter. “We started simple with a lot of floating plastic and no waves, moving to reducing the overall plastic amount as we began with gentle waves, then made them progressively bigger.”
Monitoring from above the facility were the participating teams, plus their specialist instrumentation, intended to simulate observations from space.
Teams from the Institute for Telecommunications in Portugal and the University of Stirling in Scotland employed radar remote sensing. Spain’s Polytechnic University of Catalonia made use of ‘GNSS reflectometry’, which relies on reflected signals from navigation satellites. A group from the University of Oldenburg in Germany deployed optical instrumentation.
Meanwhile a combined team from the University of Alberta in Canada and Technical University Delft in the Netherlands performed fundamental physic analyses – including attempting to better quantify the wave-damping effect of marine plastic litter, which might be harnessed to estimate plastic concentrations in the future.
“We’re now processing our data,” explains Peter. “The initial results look promising, meaning that under certain circumstances the teams did receive useable signals, but there is a lot of analysis still to be performed. We aim to use the time between this test campaign and the follow-up, due to take place early next year, to identify gaps in knowledge that need further focus.”
This project is part of a larger OSIP campaign on marine plastic litter, supported through ESA’s Discovery and Preparation programme, underseeing basic research that lays the ground for future Agency missions.
Watch our full-length Planet Aqua documentary on space technologies for water management, including marine plastic litter detection, hosted by ESA astronaut André Kuipers.
Credits: ESA-P. de Maagt
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
XTOL-15 CARGO UAV, ART PARK, displayed in the Bengaluru
Tech Summit 2023.
"XTOL-15 Cargo UAV is a multi-role VTOL capable UAV with a payload capacity of 2.5+ Kg and delivers to a range of 30 Km. The system’s primary application is low-weight cargo transport, which is to deliver medicine, blood samples, and other time-sensitive and high-value items. However, the system can be in-field configured for surveillance, mapping, and SaR applications by installing the required payload. The vertical takeoff and landing capability eliminate the need for runways. To be able to launch and recover in constrained environments, the UAV has an electronically controlled foldable wing that reduces the vehicle span to 1.5m only. The navigation system comprises a jamming resilient multi-constellation GNSS receiver able to work with IRNSS. "
ESA signing Galileo agreements with EU GNSS Agency (GSA) and the EC, on 15 December 2016.
From left to right: Jan Woerner, ESA Director General; Carlo des Dorides, Executive Director of the European GNSS Agency (GSA); Lowri Evans, Director-General of the Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs, European Commission.
Credit: ESA
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Equateur
Le cadran solaire de Quitsato est un lieu culturel et touristique situé à La Mitad Del Mundo, près de Cayambe , à 47 km au nord de Quito , en Équateur . Il a été construit en 2006 et inauguré en 2007 en tant que projet indépendant à but non lucratif sur une superficie de 2 300 m². Son objectif principal est de partager des aspects cruciaux de la connaissance astronomique des cultures préhispaniques de la région. Les expositions sont réalisées par des membres de la communauté en tant que projet autonome.
Il se compose d'une plate-forme circulaire de 54 m (177,64 pi) de diamètre qui forme une mosaïque de galets clairs et foncés dessinant une étoile à huit branches qui indique les solstices et les équinoxes , ainsi que des lignes intermédiaires pointant vers les directions cardinales . Au centre de cette plate-forme se trouve un tube cylindrique orange de 10 m (32,80 pieds) de haut et 1,30 m (4,27 pieds) de diamètre qui sert de gnomon , pointant vers les heures et les mois correspondants de l'année dans la plate-forme selon l'ombre projeté par le Soleil . Le gnomon de dix mètres de haut (33 pieds) représente le système métrique, basé sur le mètre, qui à l'origine était censé être égal à un dix-millionième du quadrant de la circonférence de la Terre. Le but de la différence de couleur entre les pierres, en plus de montrer les lignes d'équinoxe et de solstice, est d'expliquer la signification de l' albédo et son utilisation dans l'étude astronomique. La ligne de l'équateur est tracée en utilisant des cailloux plus petits et plus foncés entre deux plaques de métal.
Les angles qui forment le dessin géométrique de l'étoile à huit branches sont donnés par l'inclinaison de la Terre par rapport à l' écliptique de la Terre, ainsi la plate-forme elle-même présente également une lecture de la mécanique céleste . Les positions détaillées des solstices et des équinoxes, ainsi que leurs axes respectifs, sont présentés.
L'Institut géographique militaire équatorien a placé deux cylindres entourés de béton sur une plate-forme au-dessus de la ligne équatoriale, avec une marge d'erreur de 1 mm déterminée à l'aide d' équipements GPS et GNSS .
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Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
A study on tectonic plates that converge on the Tibetan Plateau has shown that tectonic lines are far weaker and the continents are less rigid than scientists previously thought. The study, published in Science, includes several high-resolution maps based on data from Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites.
The vector arrows on this map show how the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau is moving eastwards, while other areas are moving in the opposite direction, showing the ‘stretch’ of the tectonic plates, in this case as they move away from each other. The vectors are derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellite data.
Credits: ESA (Data source: Wright, T. et al, 2026).
One of my favourite photographic subjects has been in the news this week with the "2010 Aids to Navigation Review" by Trinity house, the General Lighthouse Authority (GLA) for England and Wales.
I've had a look at the review and it looks like the following will be closed, Orfordness Lighthouse, Beachy Head Lighthouse, Hartland Point Lighthouse, Blacknore Lighthouse &
Skokholm Lighthouse.
And the reasons given, from their website….
"Due to the greater use and reliance on new navigational technology such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) including GPS, landfall and passing lights are now less important and their primary function is for coastal navigation, confirmation of position and spatial awareness. Thus the "traditional" AtoN can now be regarded as a secondary but complementary system to the primary navigation system of GNSS."
Reports i've seen suggest that the local sailors aren't that happy, but i'm not getting on my high horse here, i think its too late to change anyone's minds about it anyway now, just thought the story was fitting for some nice shots i got this weekend from St Catherine's lighthouse on the Isle of Wight, lit up nicely by the setting sun under some stormy skies.
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©2010 Jason Swain, All Rights Reserved
This image is not available for use on websites, blogs or other media without the explicit written permission of the photographer.
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Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
An infrared view of a laser-based test campaign – taking place at Redwire Space in Kruibeke, Belgium – which represents crucial preparation for ESA’s precision formation flying mission, Proba-3.
Later this year, two satellites will be launched together into orbit to maintain formation relative to each other down to a few millimetres, creating an artificial solar eclipse in space. Proba-3’s ‘Occulter’ spacecraft will cast a shadow onto the other ‘Coronagraph’ spacecraft to block out the fiery face of the Sun and make the ghostly solar corona available for sustained observation for up to six hours per 19.5 hour orbit.
However to maintain the position of a shadow just a few centimetres across on the Coronagraph satellite from the Occulter satellite around 150 m away, the two satellites rely on a suite of sensors, including intersatellite radio links, GNSS, visual imaging and – for the most precise positioning at closest range – a laser metrology (or ‘measurement of measurement’) system. This system will shoot a laser from the Occulter spacecraft toward a corner cube retroreflector placed on the face of the Coronagraph spacecraft for tracking of relative position and attitude (pointing direction), achieving millimetre precision.
“To calibrate Proba-3’s laser metrology system, its performance was tested within the 60-m long Redwire cleanroom,” explains Damien Galano, Proba-3’s mission manager. “The Coronagraph’s laser was reflected off a retroreflector and the resulting positioning measurements checked against absolute ‘ground truth’ using a separate laser tracking system.”
This mission is being put together for ESA by a consortium led by Spain’s Sener, with participation by more than 29 companies from 14 countries. The Proba-3 platforms have been designed by Airbus Defence and Space in Spain and satellite integration by Redwire in Belgium. GMV in Spain is responsible for Proba-3’s formation flying subsystem while its main coronagraph instrument comes from Belgium’s Centre Spatial de Liège, CSL. Proba-3 is due to be launched by PSLV-XL launcher from India in September.
Credits: ESA - M. Pédoussaut
Ride like a Girl!
This young lady raced in both the women's and the men's classes of the Great Northern Sno-X Series and placed in both :)
Given all the talk of automotive semiconductor shortages, I was curious to investigate the Tesla Autopilot module to which we have trusted our lives these past years. Here is a peek into the Model 3 HW2.5 module, from VIN0005.
What we found: A magic box with liquid cooling tubes dripping a blue fluid. Inside are two circuit boards with thermal paste (grey and pink) connecting the processors on each board to the metal cooling plate that runs through the center.
Tesla designed a custom liquid-cooled dual-computing platform with the Autopilot ECU and Infotainment MCU on two boards in the same module.
There are two Nvidia Parker SoCs, one Nvidia Pascal GPU and one Infineon TriCore CPU. The autopilot ECU board has 4,681 components. It also has an Intel Atom processor, NXP and Infineon for the microcontrollers, Micron Technology, Samsung and SK Hynix memory and STMicroelectronics audio amplifiers.
For the circuit boards, I’ll add descriptions of major parts, and feel free to add more part IDs to them.
Top Board: Autopilot ECU with 4,681 components (mostly surface mount capacitors and resistors)
•Upper left in White: U-Blox ADR Navigation chip with GNSS and sensors.
•3 Big Silver squares: The NVIDIA chip package (2 Parker SoCs on left + 1 Pascal GPU to right). The Infineon TriCore CPU is near the top right corner of the GPU.
•Colored connectors on left, starting from the top: GPS RF, BackupCam, SelfieCam, Main Cam, Repeaters, B-Pillar Cams, Front Cams, Video Out
Bottom Board: Infotainment MCU (faces away from heat sink)
•The big white chip on the cellular daughter card on the bottom is the Telit LE940B6-NA chip for 300MBps LTE connectivity. The SIM card is on the backside.
•The big silver caps and inductor on the right are part of the audio amp
• I see six debug ports (jumper, USB) that may just be just the early units (+5 more JTAG ports on backside of the NVIDIA board)
21st Century Survey Vessel
M.V. Fugro Searcher is a new build geophysical survey vessel that has been in service since March 2010 under the operatorship of Fugro Survey Limited of Aberdeen, UK. The vessel has permanently mobilised geophysical and hydrographic survey spreads, ready for rapid deployment to survey locations worldwide.
Specially Designed
M.V. Fugro Searcher has been built to the highest standards demanded of a dedicated North Sea / International survey vessel. The diesel electric drive, specially designed hull, resilient engine mounts and rudder propellers maximise station keeping and navigational control while ensuring acoustically quiet running at survey speeds.
The suite of survey equipment includes hull mounted EA600 single beam echo sounder, EM302 and EM3002 multibeam echo sounders and SBP300 sub bottom pro ler. Edgetech dual frequency 4200 FS digital sidescan sonar. A Hydroscience Seemux digital system, with a seismic source of 140 cu inch ring into a 1200m HTI solid digital streamer, and a HiPAP 500 USBL system are permanently mobilised.
The vessel is fully networked to provide full plug-and play interconnectivity and has Fugro’s dual frequency GNSS high precision Navigation systems.
The design of the vessel permits simultaneous analogue/digital survey operations. Geotechnical and ROV Inspection duties can also be undertaken. At 65 metres LOA and accommodation for 42 en suite single and double cabins the M.V. Fugro Searcher is a comfortable and spacious vessel on which to work.
Vessel FUGRO SEARCHER (IMO: 9504011, MMSI: 371931000) is a research vessel built in 2010 and currently sailing under the flag of Panama. FUGRO SEARCHER has 59m length overall and beam of 14m. Her gross tonnage is 1929 tons.
The first satnav receiver designed to operate in lunar orbit has been delivered to satellite maker Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd in the UK for integration aboard the Lunar Pathfinder spacecraft.
The complete Navigation payload seen here includes a four helix antenna (left, in the glass box) developed by MDA in Canada, plus the NaviMoon satnav receiver (middle, on table) from Swiss company SpacePNT, and the low noise amplifier developed by EECL in the UK, who also undertook the manufacturing and the environmental test campaign for both the satnav receiver and amplifier.
The payload is designed to boost and process faint terrestrial Global Navigation Satellite Signal (GNSS) signals from more than 400 000 km away, harnessing advanced processing and navigation algorithms to fix the spacecraft’s position, velocity and timing in lunar orbit in real time. It is complemented by a lunar Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA) (right), developed by NASA under agreement with ESA, composed of 48 mirrored retro-reflectors that will enable centimetre-scale laser ranging of the spacecraft as it orbits the Moon, to authenticate the satnav receiver position fixes during the experiment.
Due to be launched in late 2025, SSTL’s Lunar Pathfinder mission will serve as a telecommunications relay satellite for future missions to the Moon, to serve assets on both the nearside and farside, orbiting in an ‘elliptical lunar frozen orbit’ for prolonged coverage over the South Pole – a particular focus for future exploration. ESA is Lunar Pathfinder’s anchor customer, while NASA will also make use of its services in exchange for delivering Lunar Pathfinder to lunar orbit through its Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) initiative aboard the CS-3 Firefly Blue Ghost 2 mission.
Lily Forward, SSTL systems engineer and Spacecraft Lead for Lunar Pathfinder, comments: “SSTL is thoroughly looking forward to not only being part of this historic joint venture between ESA and NASA but also being part of the first CLPS task order to fund the transfer of both a landing and orbital asset to the Moon.”
Cyril Botteron, CEO and Co-founder of SpacePNT, says: “This will be for the team the culmination of a long development that we started nearly 10 years ago at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), with the development of a first proof of concept prototype of a super high sensitivity GNSS receiver suitable for Moon missions.”
Michele Scotti, Technical Manager at SpacePNT, adds: “This achievement stems from the hard work and dedication of the whole team. It is immensely rewarding to have this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to pioneer autonomous lunar navigation with our NaviMoon receiver.”
Success would mean future Moon missions could effectively navigate in cislunar environment– fixing autonomously and in real-time their position, using GNSS, with an accuracy better than 100 m, while foregoing the use of costly ground infrastructure.
“This may become a practical way for lunar missions to autonomously determine their own orbits, and also to perform time reference transfers between Earth and the Moon,” explains Javier Ventura-Traveset, Moonlight NAV manager leading ESA’s Navigation Science Office and coordinating all ESA lunar navigation activities.
“To validate the satnav results, the Lunar Pathfinder spacecraft will also perform concurrent X-band radio and laser ranging during the GNSS experiment windows. This will allow to test and combine three ranging technologies at once – GNSS, radio and laser ranging – which has never before been performed from lunar orbit.”
Pietro Giordano, Radio Navigation System Engineer and technical officer in charge of the receiver notes that “by demonstrating critical technologies required for precise lunar navigation, our Navigation Experiment Payload has the potential to revolutionize the way satellites are operated in cislunar space”.
A successful formal Delivery Review Board held this week confirmed the payload is ready to be embarked on Lunar Pathfinder.
Credits: SSTL
Atlantikwall Regelbau L487 Bertha - Commando Bunker for Luftwaffe Night-fighter From World War 2 1945.
Bunker L487 is a ww2 German bunker for radio measurement device evaluation for night fighter control "Bertha" in English.
The Bunker L487 communications is 22.10 meters long, 22.90 meters wide and 8.60 meters high and has two floors.
The night fighter (also known as all-weather fighter or all-weather interceptor for a period of time after World War II) is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night or in other times of bad visibility. Night fighters began to be used in World War I and included types that were specifically modified to operate at night.
During World War II, night fighters were either purpose-built night fighter designs, or more commonly, heavy fighters or light bombers adapted for the mission, often employing radar or other systems for providing some sort of detection capability in low visibility. Many WW II night fighters also included instrument landing systems for landing at night, as turning on the runway lights made runways into an easy target for opposing intruders. Some experiments tested the use of day fighters on night missions, but these tended to work only under very favorable circumstances and were not widely successful.
Avionics systems were greatly miniaturized over time, allowing the addition of radar altimeter, terrain-following radar, improved instrument landing system, microwave landing system, Doppler weather radar, LORAN receivers, GEE, TACAN, inertial navigation system, GPS, and GNSS in aircraft. The addition of greatly improved landing and navigation equipment combined with radar led to the use of the term all-weather fighter or all-weather fighter attack, depending on the aircraft capabilities. The use of the term night fighter gradually faded away as a result of these improvements making the vast majority of fighters capable of night operation.
#Atlantikwall #Regelbau #Bunker
Translation / Traduction 🇬🇧 UK
Navya is a French company specialized in the design and construction of
Source :
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navya_SAS
Translation / Traduction 🇫🇷 Fr.
Navya est une entreprise française spécialisée dans la conception et la construction de véhicules autonomes, électriques et robotisés. En 2015, elle a lancé la navette autonome Arma, premier véhicule autonome de série sans chauffeur à être commercialisé.
Véhicule
La Navya Arma est le premier véhicule électrique et autonome de série disponible à la vente : l’Arma a été présentée en opération en première mondiale à l’ITS World Congress de Bordeaux en octobre 2015, où elle a par ailleurs circulé sur route ouverte.
Il s’agit d’une navette à l’habitacle fermé, conçue pour l’autonomie et fabriquée en France : elle comporte lidars, caméras stéréovision, GPS RTK, GNSS, capteurs infra-rouge7 et est doté d’un système de navigation lui permettant de suivre un itinéraire dans un environnement pré-cartographié.
Sur la route, l’Arma distingue tous types d’obstacles, qu’ils soient fixes ou mobiles et adapte sa trajectoire. Des systèmes d’arrêt d’urgence sont accessibles si besoin.
Véhicule de Navya à La Défense, expérimentation du STIF entre juin 2017 et décembre 20178
Dotée de feux, d’écrans, de panneaux LED et haut-parleurs internes et externes, elle interagit avec ses passagers et son environnement extérieur de manière visuelle ou sonore7.
L’Arma est au service de la mobilité du dernier kilomètre. Elle est, dans un premier temps, destinée à circuler principalement sur sites fermés5, comme les aéroports, les sites industriels, les universités et les parcs d’attraction. En zones urbaines, l’Arma circule sous condition d’autorisation, la législation autour des véhicules autonomes n'étant pas encore en place.
Elle a été rebaptisée « Autonom Shuttle » le mardi 7 novembre 2017 lors de la présentation du nouveau produit Navya, « Autonom Cab », le premier robot-taxi autonome, à la Cité du Cinéma (ville de Saint-Denis).
Caractéristiques de l'Autonom Shuttle
Les caractéristiques du véhicule sont les suivantes :
Dimensions et capacité
•Places : 11 assises et 4 debout
•Poids à vide : 1 800 kg
•Poids total en charge : 3 000 kg
•Dimensions (L x l x h) : 4,80 m x 2,05 m x 2,60
Moteur
•Puissance : 15 kW (25 kW en crête)
•Vitesse maximum : 45 km/h
•Vitesse de croisière : 25 km/h
•Pente maximale : 15 %
•Batteries : LiFePO4
•Énergie stockée : 33 kW•h
Motricité
•Roues motrices : 2
•Roues directrices : 4
•Rayon de braquage : < 4 m
Caractéristiques de l'Autonom Cab.
Les caractéristiques du véhicule sont les suivantes :
Dimensions et capacité
•Place: 6 Passagers
•Poids à vide: 2000 kg
•Poids total autorisé en charge: 2500 kg.
•Dimensions (L x l x h): 4,65m x 1,95m x 2,10 m
Moteur
•Puissance : 15 kW (25 kW en crête)
•Vitesse maximum : 90 km/h
•Vitesse d'exploitation: 50 km/h
•Pente maximale : 13%
•Batteries : LiFePO4
•Énergie stockée : 22 ou 33 kW•h
Motricité
•Roues motrices : 2
•Roues directrices : 2
•Rayon de braquage : 5,50 m
Source :
AUTONOM SHUTTLE, la solution qui révolutionne les déplacements du premier et dernier kilomètre
Autonome, sans conducteur et électrique : la navette développée par NAVYA est au service des villes et sites privés pour toujours plus de mobilité.
En ville ou sur site privé, la navette conçue par NAVYA est une solution inédite de mobilité performante, propre et intelligente. AUTONOM SHUTTLE garantit, sur le premier et le dernier kilomètre, la performance du transport autonome et le confort du voyage grâce à sa navigation douce.
Pouvant transporter jusqu’à 15 personnes, AUTONOM SHUTTLE conjugue les avantages à différents niveaux. Les flottes de AUTONOM SHUTTLES permettent aux opérateurs de développer des gains de productivité sur les sites privés et participent au désengorgement des centres urbains. Parallèlement, elles permettent aux passagers d’optimiser leurs temps de transport et leur assurent un voyage en toute sérénité.
Une technologie de pointe au service de l’expérience
La conception de AUTONOM SHUTTLE répond aux besoins spécifiques d’un véhicule autonome sans conducteur tout en optimisant les fonctions de navigation et de sécurité. Sans volant ni pédale, AUTONOM SHUTTLE exploite des systèmes de guidage et de détection performants qui associent plusieurs technologies de pointe. Lidars, caméras, GPS RTK, IMU et odométrie : c’est par la fusion des données de ces différents capteurs associés aux logiciels de « deep learning » que AUTONOM SHUTTLE peut se déplacer efficacement et prendre les décisions les plus adaptées. Et cela, sans conducteur.
Avant, pendant et après le trajet, AUTONOM SHUTTLE propose une solution globale de mobilité continue et fluide.
Source :
Navette autonome : nouvelle expérimentation de la RATP à Saclay
Après le succès de plusieurs expérimentations (pont Charles-de-Gaulle, Vincennes, Boulogne-sur-Mer et Austin aux États-Unis), le groupe RATP, en partenariat avec BMCP, Bureau Veritas, CEA List, EasyMile et Sherpa Engineering, a lancé, de février à mi-avril 2018, sa 5ème expérimentation au CEA Paris-Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique)………
Source :
www.ratp.fr/groupe-ratp/linnovation-dans-tous-les-domaine...
Flight Calibration Services' Diamond DA-42 Twin-Star G-DGPS along with the company's DA-62 G-GNSS out on Shoreham's apron
IMG_0516
Navya is a French company specialized in the design and construction of
Source :
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navya_SAS
Translation / Traduction 🇫🇷 Fr.
Navya est une entreprise française spécialisée dans la conception et la construction de véhicules autonomes, électriques et robotisés. En 2015, elle a lancé la navette autonome Arma, premier véhicule autonome de série sans chauffeur à être commercialisé.
Véhicule
La Navya Arma est le premier véhicule électrique et autonome de série disponible à la vente : l’Arma a été présentée en opération en première mondiale à l’ITS World Congress de Bordeaux en octobre 2015, où elle a par ailleurs circulé sur route ouverte.
Il s’agit d’une navette à l’habitacle fermé, conçue pour l’autonomie et fabriquée en France : elle comporte lidars, caméras stéréovision, GPS RTK, GNSS, capteurs infra-rouge7 et est doté d’un système de navigation lui permettant de suivre un itinéraire dans un environnement pré-cartographié.
Sur la route, l’Arma distingue tous types d’obstacles, qu’ils soient fixes ou mobiles et adapte sa trajectoire. Des systèmes d’arrêt d’urgence sont accessibles si besoin.
Véhicule de Navya à La Défense, expérimentation du STIF entre juin 2017 et décembre 20178
Dotée de feux, d’écrans, de panneaux LED et haut-parleurs internes et externes, elle interagit avec ses passagers et son environnement extérieur de manière visuelle ou sonore7.
L’Arma est au service de la mobilité du dernier kilomètre. Elle est, dans un premier temps, destinée à circuler principalement sur sites fermés5, comme les aéroports, les sites industriels, les universités et les parcs d’attraction. En zones urbaines, l’Arma circule sous condition d’autorisation, la législation autour des véhicules autonomes n'étant pas encore en place.
Elle a été rebaptisée « Autonom Shuttle » le mardi 7 novembre 2017 lors de la présentation du nouveau produit Navya, « Autonom Cab », le premier robot-taxi autonome, à la Cité du Cinéma (ville de Saint-Denis).
Caractéristiques de l'Autonom Shuttle
Les caractéristiques du véhicule sont les suivantes :
Dimensions et capacité
•Places : 11 assises et 4 debout
•Poids à vide : 1 800 kg
•Poids total en charge : 3 000 kg
•Dimensions (L x l x h) : 4,80 m x 2,05 m x 2,60
Moteur
•Puissance : 15 kW (25 kW en crête)
•Vitesse maximum : 45 km/h
•Vitesse de croisière : 25 km/h
•Pente maximale : 15 %
•Batteries : LiFePO4
•Énergie stockée : 33 kW•h
Motricité
•Roues motrices : 2
•Roues directrices : 4
•Rayon de braquage : < 4 m
Caractéristiques de l'Autonom Cab.
Les caractéristiques du véhicule sont les suivantes :
Dimensions et capacité
•Place: 6 Passagers
•Poids à vide: 2000 kg
•Poids total autorisé en charge: 2500 kg.
•Dimensions (L x l x h): 4,65m x 1,95m x 2,10 m
Moteur
•Puissance : 15 kW (25 kW en crête)
•Vitesse maximum : 90 km/h
•Vitesse d'exploitation: 50 km/h
•Pente maximale : 13%
•Batteries : LiFePO4
•Énergie stockée : 22 ou 33 kW•h
Motricité
•Roues motrices : 2
•Roues directrices : 2
•Rayon de braquage : 5,50 m
Source :
AUTONOM SHUTTLE, la solution qui révolutionne les déplacements du premier et dernier kilomètre
Autonome, sans conducteur et électrique : la navette développée par NAVYA est au service des villes et sites privés pour toujours plus de mobilité.
En ville ou sur site privé, la navette conçue par NAVYA est une solution inédite de mobilité performante, propre et intelligente. AUTONOM SHUTTLE garantit, sur le premier et le dernier kilomètre, la performance du transport autonome et le confort du voyage grâce à sa navigation douce.
Pouvant transporter jusqu’à 15 personnes, AUTONOM SHUTTLE conjugue les avantages à différents niveaux. Les flottes de AUTONOM SHUTTLES permettent aux opérateurs de développer des gains de productivité sur les sites privés et participent au désengorgement des centres urbains. Parallèlement, elles permettent aux passagers d’optimiser leurs temps de transport et leur assurent un voyage en toute sérénité.
Une technologie de pointe au service de l’expérience
La conception de AUTONOM SHUTTLE répond aux besoins spécifiques d’un véhicule autonome sans conducteur tout en optimisant les fonctions de navigation et de sécurité. Sans volant ni pédale, AUTONOM SHUTTLE exploite des systèmes de guidage et de détection performants qui associent plusieurs technologies de pointe. Lidars, caméras, GPS RTK, IMU et odométrie : c’est par la fusion des données de ces différents capteurs associés aux logiciels de « deep learning » que AUTONOM SHUTTLE peut se déplacer efficacement et prendre les décisions les plus adaptées. Et cela, sans conducteur.
Avant, pendant et après le trajet, AUTONOM SHUTTLE propose une solution globale de mobilité continue et fluide.
Source :
Navette autonome : nouvelle expérimentation de la RATP à Saclay
Après le succès de plusieurs expérimentations (pont Charles-de-Gaulle, Vincennes, Boulogne-sur-Mer et Austin aux États-Unis), le groupe RATP, en partenariat avec BMCP, Bureau Veritas, CEA List, EasyMile et Sherpa Engineering, a lancé, de février à mi-avril 2018, sa 5ème expérimentation au CEA Paris-Saclay (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique)………
Source :
www.ratp.fr/groupe-ratp/linnovation-dans-tous-les-domaine...