A Yellow-rumped Warbler, Audubon's Race, taken the same day as my previous upload.

I spent a wonderful hour enjoying this mixed flock of Yellow-rumped Warblers...at least until they all fled low to the ground to hide seconds before a Sharp-shinned Hawk came through chasing them. It all happened so fast, I didn't capture the hawk. I don't believe it was successful. It flew off up the trail, and I tried to find it again, but it was gone.

I came across the warblers again, farther along the path, on the way back to my vehicle. So fun to see them again.

Published on the cover of Molecular Ecology (Volume 30 Number 23 December 2021), special issue journal. Inside is a paper written about the genomic diversity in Yellow-rumped Warblers by Steph Szarmach.

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The Cliffs of Moher on the Atlantic coast of Ireland in summer.

Submitted: 30/08/2022

Accepted: 31/08/2022

in explore: September 1, 2022 (nr. 21)

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That's a Castilleja or paintbrush taking my eye off Mount Rundle in the background. The location is a favourite photo spot for me at Cold Shoulder, 5.5 km out on the trails from the lodge at Canmore Nordic Centre. In the winter we ski it, and in the summer we bike it.

I post science and education topics on my blog I'll use this photo to illustrate my next post on secondary succession with some Spanish science history as well.

EDIT More about this photo posted here Castilleja – a colourful natural history

It's an immersive lesson in Structure and Design.

I've written a blog about Tower Bridge. There are additional photos as well.

When I'm not working on my blog, you can find me on Twitter

Swag from a meeting at Beijing Genomics institute in Shenzhen, China

Shot for Macro Mondays - swag

Focus stack (30 images) Shot with single off camera strobe (Leica SF 60/Leica C1 trigger) mounted on overhead boom, bounced off 32 inch umbrella.

subject length 58.2 mm

I did a quick trip to Dundee to see the new V&A Dundee Museum. I have now released part II of my adventures on my blog - Design on Display Part II

Or you can find me on Twitter

I did a quick trip to Dundee to see the new V&A Dundee Museum. You can read more about my adventures on my blog - Design on Display

Or you can find me on Twitter

This is the number one tourist attraction according to some reports. I recently visited Titanic Belfast, the number one tourist attraction in the world, where science and engineering are also featured. Here is my blog about my experience.

While I'm in Belfast, you can find me on Twitter

As I was seeking science in Bologna, I passed through the Piazza Luigi Galvani. You can read more about Galvani and the rest of my adventures on my blog – Seeking Science in Bologna.

When I’m not seeking science in Bologna, you can find me on Twitter

But setting this 15th century clock in the Piazza San Marco (Torre dell'Orologio), Venice, might be the hardest part! I'll tell you why I don't lose sleep over daylight saving time. There are a lot of people out there who fear daylight savings, but we do adapt.

After I get my clocks all set, you'll be able to find me on Twitter

The specific alpestris is Latin and means "of the high mountains", from Alpes, the Alps.

The horned lark was originally classified in the genus Alauda.

The horned lark Is suggested to have diverged from Temnick's lark around the Early-Middle Pleistocene, according to genomic divergence estimates.[3][4] The Horned lark is known from around a dozen localities of Late Pleistocene age, including those in Italy,[5] Russia, The United Kingdom and the United States. The earliest known fossil is from the Calabrian of Spain, around 1–0.8 million years old. In 2020 a 46,000 year old frozen specimen was described from the Russian Far East.

Recent genetic analysis has suggested that the species consists of six clades that in the future may warrant recognition as separate species. A 2020 study also suggested splitting of the species, but into 4 species instead, the Himalayan Horned Lark E. longirostris, Mountain Horned Lark E. penicillata, Common Horned Lark E. alpestris (sensu stricto), alongside Temnick's Lark..

On this Darwin Day, I remember my visit to Down House. I wrote about this adventure on my blog - A Day at Darwin's House

When I'm not walking the Sandwalk, you can you can find me on Twitter

No travel these days, but I found this in my archives reminding me of a fine day hiking in Ireland on a day trip to the Aran Islands. Awesome geology and history all in one place.

If you have the time, check out my latest blog - Seeking Science on YouTube.

No it hasn't snowed here yet. I needed a photo to illustrate my blog and this was the best I could do on these fast moving birds.

In 1851 the house sparrow (Passer domesticus ) was introduced into North America. Check out my blog where I consider this case of an introduced species and the unintended consequences.

There are sparrows in my yard! What can I do? Part 1 House Sparrow

There are sparrows in my yard! What can I do? Part 2 Our local sparrows

When I blog science, you can find me on Twitter

• Chimango caraca, chimango, tiuque

Scientific classification:

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Falconiformes

Family: Falconidae

Genus: Daptrius

Species: D. chimango

Subspecies: D. c. chimango

Maldonado, Uruguay

Taxonomic Update: The Merge of Milvago into Daptrius

The recent taxonomic reclassification adopted by the Clements Checklist and eBird is the result of advanced genetic research revealing that the genus Milvago was not monophyletic.

In evolutionary biology, a group is monophyletic when it includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Think of it as a complete, unbroken branch on the tree of life. Because Milvago excluded certain close relatives and grouped species based on superficial similarities rather than shared ancestry, it was considered an artificial, non-monophyletic grouping that failed to represent a single evolutionary lineage.

The most significant revelation involves the Chimango Caracara (Daptrius chimango). Genomic analyses demonstrated that the Chimango is more closely related to the mountain caracaras (formerly placed in the genus Phalcoboenus) than to its former congener, the Yellow-headed Caracara (Daptrius chimachima). To resolve this and ensure that genera reflect true evolutionary history, Clements and eBird have merged these lineages into a single genus, Daptrius, thereby restoring monophyly.

It should be noted, however, that this taxonomic treatment is not universally adopted. While Clements/eBird recognize an expanded Daptrius that includes species formerly placed in Milvago and Phalcoboenus, other taxonomic authorities have favored alternative arrangements, such as retaining Milvago or reallocating the Chimango to Phalcoboenus. These discrepancies reflect ongoing differences in how competing classifications balance phylogenetic evidence, nomenclatural stability, and taxonomic philosophy.

I visited Titanic Belfast, the number one tourist attraction in the world, where science and engineering are also featured. Here is my blog about my experience.

When I get back from Belfast, you can find me on Twitter

Still not well, but I had to post one of my favorite flower images that I never got around to. This is the Hibiscus diversifolius, the swamp hibiscus, is a widespread species of hibiscus. It grows to between 1 and 2 metres in height, with prickly stems and yellow or lavendar flowers with a maroon basal spot during spring summer.

It is found in low, swampy areas as when my local ponds were full and water was managed "properly"; in Africa it may occur inland or near the coast, but in all other continents it occurs only in coastal areas. This distribution, together with genomic evidence, suggests that it originated in Africa, and colonised the other continents through long-range salt-water dispersal.

The American Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH), located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, is one of the largest[clarification needed][citation needed] natural history museums in the world. Located in Theodore Roosevelt Park across the street from Central Park, the museum complex comprises 26 interconnected buildings housing 45 permanent exhibition halls, in addition to a planetarium and a library. The museum collections contain over 34 million specimens[4] of plants, animals, fossils, minerals, rocks, meteorites, human remains, and human cultural artifacts as well as specialized collections for frozen tissue and genomic and astrophysical data, of which only a small fraction can be displayed at any given time, and occupies more than 2 million square feet (190,000 m2). The museum has a full-time scientific staff of 225, sponsors over 120 special field expeditions each year,[5] and averages about five million visits annually.[6]

The one mission statement of the American Museum of Natural History is: "To discover, interpret, and disseminate—through scientific research and education—knowledge about human cultures, the natural world, and the universe."

Note: If you ever visit NYC, a wonderful place of such to see. My daughter in law had some project displayed here a few years back. The day we (her, her two daughters - my granddaughters and my daughter, had a great time visiting here. So much to see, so many people as well).

And behind the entry way to the museum you can see the Discovery commanded by Robert Scott in the Antarctic mission between 1901 and 1904. It has been a major tourist attraction in Dundee since 2005.

Read more details of my adventures onmy blog - Design on Display Part II

Or you can find me on Twitter

On a bright and chilly day, memories of bright and warm days.

This is a common butterfly in this part of the world, but a fun one to photograph. It is quite small, and unlike other nectar-seeking butterflies, it is most often found on grasses in my experience.

There is a degree of instability regarding its scientific name (hence the ellipses). There no quarrel with the Coenonympha designation; there is a debate about the species name, with some leading groups changing it from ‘tullia’ to ‘california’. This all results from scientific papers on genomic sequencing of samples.

This is why birds seem so much easier to identify. I try to work these things out before posting, but it seem that, especially in the butterfly world as described by science, there is a lot of instability.

“‘Alarm Bells’: Genetic ‘Fingerprint’ of COVID Vaccine Found in 31-Year-Old Cancer Patient’s DNA”

“Genetic material contained within mRNA COVID-19 vaccines can integrate into the human genome, potentially contributing to the onset of aggressive cancer, new research suggests.”

childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/genetic-fingerprint-c...

A 2023 finding by Kevin McKernan, chief scientific officer and founder of Medicinal Genomics, identified DNA contamination in the Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine — a discovery later confirmed by others, including Health Canada, a government agency overseeing that country’s health system.

A peer-reviewed study published last year in the journal Science, Public Health Policy and the Law, found DNA in Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccines at levels three to four times higher than regulatory limits.

A peer-reviewed study, published last year in the journal Methods and Protocols, found DNA impurity levels ranging from 360 to 534 times higher than the regulatory limit.

A study performed last year at a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) laboratory by high school students under the supervision of FDA researchers confirmed the presence of a high level of DNA contamination in Pfizer’s mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

A literature review published earlier this year identified over 100 peer-reviewed studies indicating that mRNA COVID-19 vaccination may lead to turbo cancer, through 17 distinct biological mechanisms.

Jeremiah 36:24 “Neither he nor any of his attendants showed any alarm when they heard all that had been read. Nor did they tear their clothes to show any grief or sorrow.”

“Ontario quietly advances plan for centralized genomic database”

“These systems are increasingly breached, and unlike a credit card number, your genetic code can’t be changed; once leaked, it becomes a permanent, highly valuable prize for hackers and a persistent threat to your privacy.”

www.rebelnews.com/ontario_quietly_advances_plan_for_centr...

Joel 2:7 “They run like elite soldiers, climbing ramparts like men trained for war. Each man advances in proper order, never breaking rank.”

When I started birdwatching Siberian Stonechats were considered to be an eastern race of Stonechat, and they were a rare bird to look out for. But British Stonechats are very variable and some look incredibly similar to Siberian Stonechats, which are now thought to be a separate species. These features include more white in the rump and underparts, with a smaller orange breast patch. But one diagnostic feature is the colour of the underwing coverts, which are black in Siberian Stonechat, and grey in British Stonechats. But these birds flap their wings so fast it is near-impossible to see this feature in the field. But modern cameras can freeze birds in flight and show off features that were beyond the reach of our eyesight abilities. The underwing coverts are those feathers covering the "arm" at the front of the wing, and this shows that they are grey, not black. I used a shutter speed of 1/2000 which froze the body, but those rapidly moving wings are still a blur.

Incidentally, it was a 2002 study of DNA that suggested that Siberian Stonechats and European Stonechats diverged between 1.5 and 2.5 million years ago so should be considered separate species: Wink, M.; Sauer-Gürth, H. & Gwinner, E. (2002): Evolutionary relationships of stonechats and related species inferred from mitochondrial-DNA sequences and genomic fingerprinting. British Birds 95: 349–355

The American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) is a natural history museum on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Located in Theodore Roosevelt Park, across the street from Central Park, the museum complex comprises 21 interconnected buildings housing 45 permanent exhibition halls, in addition to a planetarium and a library. The museum collections contain about 32 million specimens of plants, animals, fungi, fossils, minerals, rocks, meteorites, human remains, and human cultural artifacts, as well as specialized collections for frozen tissue and genomic and astrophysical data, of which only a small fraction can be displayed at any given time. The museum occupies more than 2,500,000 sq ft (232,258 m2). AMNH has a full-time scientific staff of 225, sponsors over 120 special field expeditions each year, and averages about five million visits annually.

While Jasper is not an actual virologist by profession, he has been analyzing the ribosomal frameshift signal of the genomic RNA of the Coronavirus. He's illustrated some of his findings on my iPad. Be safe out there!

SN/NC: Musa acuminata, Syn. Musa Paradisiaca, Musaceae Family

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguishing them from dessert bananas. The fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind, which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe. The fruits grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant. Almost all modern edible seedless (parthenocarp) bananas come from two wild species – Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. The scientific names of most cultivated bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, and Musa × paradisiaca for the hybrid Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. The old scientific name for this hybrid, Musa sapientum, is no longer used. Musa species are native to tropical Indomalaya and Australia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in Papua New Guinea. They are grown in 135 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine, and banana beer and as ornamental plants. The world's largest producers of bananas in 2017 were India and China, which together accounted for approximately 38% of total production. Worldwide, there is no sharp distinction between "bananas" and "plantains". Especially in the Americas and Europe, "banana" usually refers to soft, sweet, dessert bananas, particularly those of the Cavendish group, which are the main exports from banana-growing countries. By contrast, Musa cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are called "plantains". In other regions, such as Southeast Asia, many more kinds of banana are grown and eaten, so the binary distinction is not useful and is not made in local languages.

The term "banana" is also used as the common name for the plants that produce the fruit. This can extend to other members of the genus Musa, such as the scarlet banana (Musa coccinea), the pink banana (Musa velutina), and the Fe'i bananas. It can also refer to members of the genus Ensete, such as the snow banana (Ensete glaucum) and the economically important false banana (Ensete ventricosum). Both genera are in the banana family, Musaceae.

Een banaan is een langwerpige, eetbare vrucht - botanisch een bes - geproduceerd door verschillende soorten grote kruidachtige bloeiende planten in het geslacht Musa. In sommige landen kunnen bananen die voor het koken worden gebruikt "plantains" worden genoemd, waarmee ze zich onderscheiden van dessertbananen. De vrucht is variabel in grootte, kleur en stevigheid, maar is meestal langwerpig en gebogen, met zacht vruchtvlees dat rijk is aan zetmeel en bedekt is met een schil, die groen, geel, rood, paars of bruin kan zijn als ze rijp zijn. De vruchten groeien in trossen die aan de bovenkant van de plant hangen. Bijna alle moderne eetbare pitloze (parthenocarp) bananen zijn afkomstig van twee wilde soorten: Musa acuminata en Musa balbisiana. De wetenschappelijke namen van de meeste gecultiveerde bananen zijn Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana en Musa × paradisiaca voor de hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, afhankelijk van hun genomische constitutie. De oude wetenschappelijke naam voor deze hybride, Musa sapientum, wordt niet meer gebruikt. Musa-soorten zijn inheems in het tropische Indomalaya en Australië, en zijn waarschijnlijk voor het eerst gedomesticeerd in Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea. Ze worden in 135 landen verbouwd, voornamelijk voor hun fruit, en in mindere mate om vezels, bananenwijn en bananenbier te maken en als sierplant. De grootste bananenproducenten ter wereld in 2017 waren India en China, die samen goed waren voor ongeveer 38% van de totale productie.

A banana é uma fruta comestível alongada - botanicamente uma baga - produzida por vários tipos de grandes plantas com flores herbáceas do gênero Musa. Em alguns países, as bananas usadas para cozinhar podem ser chamadas de "bananas", o que as distingue das bananas de sobremesa. O fruto é variável em tamanho, cor e firmeza, mas geralmente é alongado e curvo, com polpa macia rica em amido coberta por uma casca que pode ser verde, amarela, vermelha, roxa ou marrom quando madura. Os frutos crescem em cachos pendurados no topo da planta. Quase todas as bananas modernas comestíveis sem sementes (partenocarpo) vêm de duas espécies selvagens - Musa acuminata e Musa balbisiana. Os nomes científicos da maioria das bananas cultivadas são Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana e Musa × paradisiaca para o híbrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, dependendo de sua constituição genômica. O antigo nome científico desse híbrido, Musa sapientum, não é mais usado. As espécies de Musa são nativas da Indomalaya tropical e da Austrália, e provavelmente foram domesticadas pela primeira vez na Papua-Nova Guiné. Eles são cultivados em 135 países, principalmente por suas frutas e, em menor grau, para fazer fibra, vinho de banana e cerveja de banana e como plantas ornamentais. Os maiores produtores mundiais de bananas em 2017 foram a Índia e a China, que juntos responderam por aproximadamente 38% da produção total.

Un plátano (Cambur o banano en Venezuela) es una fruta comestible alargada, botánicamente una baya, producida por varios tipos de grandes plantas herbáceas con flores del género Musa. En algunos países, los plátanos utilizados para cocinar pueden llamarse "plátanos", distinguiéndolos de los plátanos de postre. La fruta es variable en tamaño, color y firmeza, pero generalmente es alargada y curva, con pulpa blanda rica en almidón cubierta con una cáscara que puede ser verde, amarilla, roja, violeta o marrón cuando está madura. Los frutos crecen en racimos que cuelgan de la parte superior de la planta. Casi todos los plátanos comestibles sin semillas (partenocarpio) modernos provienen de dos especies silvestres: Musa acuminata y Musa balbisiana. Los nombres científicos de la mayoría de los bananos cultivados son Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana y Musa × paradisiaca para el híbrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, dependiendo de su constitución genómica. El antiguo nombre científico de este híbrido, Musa sapientum, ya no se usa. Las especies de Musa son nativas de las zonas tropicales de Indomalaya y Australia, y es probable que hayan sido domesticadas por primera vez en Papua Nueva Guinea. Se cultivan en 135 países, principalmente por su fruta, y en menor medida para producir fibra, vino de plátano y cerveza de plátano y como plantas ornamentales. Los mayores productores mundiales de banano en 2017 fueron India y China, que juntos representaron aproximadamente el 38% de la producción total.

Une banane est un fruit comestible allongé - botaniquement une baie - produit par plusieurs sortes de grandes plantes à fleurs herbacées du genre Musa. Dans certains pays, les bananes utilisées pour la cuisson peuvent être appelées « plantains », ce qui les distingue des bananes dessert. Le fruit est de taille, de couleur et de fermeté variables, mais il est généralement allongé et incurvé, avec une chair molle riche en amidon recouverte d'une croûte qui peut être verte, jaune, rouge, violette ou brune à maturité. Les fruits poussent en grappes suspendues au sommet de la plante. Presque toutes les bananes comestibles modernes sans pépins (parthénocarpe) proviennent de deux espèces sauvages : Musa acuminata et Musa balbisiana. Les noms scientifiques de la plupart des bananiers cultivés sont Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana et Musa × paradisiaca pour l'hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, en fonction de leur constitution génomique. L'ancien nom scientifique de cet hybride, Musa sapientum, n'est plus utilisé. Les espèces de Musa sont originaires de l'Indomalaya tropicale et de l'Australie et ont probablement été domestiquées pour la première fois en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée. Ils sont cultivés dans 135 pays, principalement pour leurs fruits, et dans une moindre mesure pour fabriquer des fibres, du vin de banane et de la bière de banane et comme plantes ornementales. Les plus grands producteurs mondiaux de bananes en 2017 étaient l'Inde et la Chine, qui représentaient ensemble environ 38 % de la production totale.

Una banana è un frutto allungato e commestibile, botanicamente una bacca, prodotto da diversi tipi di grandi piante erbacee da fiore del genere Musa. In alcuni paesi, le banane utilizzate per cucinare possono essere chiamate "platani", distinguendole dalle banane da dessert. Il frutto è variabile per dimensione, colore e consistenza, ma è generalmente allungato e ricurvo, con polpa morbida ricca di amido ricoperta da una scorza, che può essere verde, gialla, rossa, viola o marrone a maturità. I frutti crescono in grappoli appesi alla sommità della pianta. Quasi tutte le moderne banane commestibili senza semi (partenocarpo) provengono da due specie selvatiche: Musa acuminata e Musa balbisiana. I nomi scientifici delle banane più coltivate sono Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana e Musa × paradisiaca per l'ibrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, a seconda della loro costituzione genomica. Il vecchio nome scientifico di questo ibrido, Musa sapientum, non è più utilizzato. Le specie Musa sono originarie dell'Indomalaya tropicale e dell'Australia, ed è probabile che siano state addomesticate per la prima volta in Papua Nuova Guinea. Sono coltivati in 135 paesi, principalmente per i loro frutti, e in misura minore per produrre fibre, vino di banana e birra di banana e come piante ornamentali. I maggiori produttori mondiali di banane nel 2017 sono stati India e Cina, che insieme hanno rappresentato circa il 38% della produzione totale.

Eine Banane ist eine längliche, essbare Frucht – botanisch gesehen eine Beere – die von mehreren Arten großer krautiger Blütenpflanzen der Gattung Musa produziert wird. In einigen Ländern werden Bananen, die zum Kochen verwendet werden, als "Kochbananen" bezeichnet, was sie von Dessertbananen unterscheidet. Die Frucht ist unterschiedlich in Größe, Farbe und Festigkeit, aber normalerweise länglich und gebogen, mit weichem, stärkereichem Fruchtfleisch, das mit einer Rinde bedeckt ist, die im reifen Zustand grün, gelb, rot, violett oder braun sein kann. Die Früchte wachsen in Büscheln, die von der Spitze der Pflanze hängen. Fast alle modernen essbaren kernlosen Bananen (Parthenokarp) stammen von zwei Wildarten – Musa acuminata und Musa balbisiana. Die wissenschaftlichen Namen der am häufigsten angebauten Bananen sind Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana und Musa × paradisiaca für die Hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, abhängig von ihrer genomischen Konstitution. Der alte wissenschaftliche Name für diese Hybride, Musa sapientum, wird nicht mehr verwendet. Musa-Arten sind im tropischen Indomalaya und Australien beheimatet und wurden wahrscheinlich zuerst in Papua-Neuguinea domestiziert. Sie werden in 135 Ländern angebaut, hauptsächlich wegen ihrer Früchte und in geringerem Maße zur Herstellung von Ballaststoffen, Bananenwein und Bananenbier sowie als Zierpflanzen. Die weltweit größten Bananenproduzenten waren 2017 Indien und China, die zusammen etwa 38 % der Gesamtproduktion ausmachten.

الموز هو فاكهة مستطيلة صالحة للأكل - نباتية توت - تنتجها عدة أنواع من النباتات المزهرة العشبية الكبيرة في جنس موسى. في بعض البلدان ، قد يطلق على الموز المستخدم في الطهي اسم "الموز" ، مما يميزه عن الموز المصنوع من الحلوى. تختلف الثمار في الحجم واللون والصلابة ، ولكنها عادة ما تكون ممدودة ومنحنية ، ولحم ناعم غني بالنشا مغطى بقشرة قد تكون خضراء أو صفراء أو حمراء أو أرجوانية أو بنية عند النضج. تنمو الثمار في مجموعات تتدلى من أعلى النبات. تأتي جميع أنواع الموز الحديثة الصالحة للأكل (parthenocarp) من نوعين من الأنواع البرية - Musa acuminata و Musa balbisiana. الأسماء العلمية لمعظم أنواع الموز المزروعة هي Musa acuminata و Musa balbisiana و Musa × paradisiaca للهجين Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana ، اعتمادًا على تكوينها الجيني. لم يعد الاسم العلمي القديم لهذا الهجين ، Musa sapientum ، مستخدمًا. أنواع موسى موطنها إندومالايا الاستوائية وأستراليا ، ومن المحتمل أن تكون قد تم تدجينها لأول مرة في بابوا غينيا الجديدة. تزرع في 135 دولة ، في المقام الأول من أجل فواكهها ، وبدرجة أقل لتصنيع الألياف ونبيذ الموز وبيرة الموز ونباتات الزينة. كانت الهند والصين أكبر منتجي الموز في العالم في عام 2017 ، حيث شكلا معًا ما يقرب من 38 ٪ من إجمالي الإنتاج.

Nagourney Cancer Institute

A new approach.....The Nagourney Cancer Institute performs functional profiling, a laboratory technique that measures how cancer cells respond when exposed to a variety of drugs and drug combinations.

Functional Profiling is more powerful than genomic testing that most centers offer.

This approach reduces the guesswork from drug selection to find the most effective, least toxic options. Results only take 7 days.

You and your doctor can then use this information to guide your treatment.

if you need me

Back roading the other day....north of Kingston ( north east end of Lake Ontario for those not sure )....Leeds and Grenville County....came around the corner of a road cutting through forest and this was crossing the edge of a frozen pond....Coywolf or Coyote...co-incidentally on my left, I was able to photograph it out the driver's side window...for what its worth....from Wikipedia. It didnt stay long, as son as it saw me slowing down it started to move away, this image taken while its running..... "A coywolf is a canid hybrid descended from coyotes, eastern wolves, gray wolves, and dogs. All of these species are members of the genus Canis with 78 chromosomes and therefore can interbreed.[1] One genetic study indicates that these two species genetically diverged relatively recently (around 55,000–117,000 years ago). Genomic studies indicate that nearly all North American gray wolf populations possess some degree of admixture with coyotes following a geographic cline, with the lowest levels occurring in Alaska, and the highest in Ontario and Quebec, as well as Atlantic Canada.[2] Another term for these hybrids is sometimes wolfote." FYI..

EITHER WAY....a beautiful looking canid if I've ever seen one!

There are 16 lakes connected by a passel of waterfalls in what is referred to as Croatia's Eden - Plitvice National Park.

I described some of the science of Plitvice Lakes in part 4 of my blog Seeking Science along the Adriatic Coast .

When I'm not in hiking the trails around these lakes, you can find me on Twitter

.

Oui, le nom de ce fruit qu'elle tient sur cette photographie est le fruit de la Grenade, est une espèce exotique originaire d'Asie occidentale.

À l'intérieur de ce fruit se trouvent de nombreuses structures polygonales translucides formées par une capsule épaisse et translucide et à l'intérieur de chaque capsule, il y a une graine. La structure interne de ce fruit est très intéressante.

Bien que ce fruit ressemble extérieurement à la forme d'un cœur, à l'intérieur la structure du fruit ressemble à la structure interne de l'ovaire d'une femme, avec ses nombreux ovocytes attendant le moment de l'expansion de la structure kystique pour se développer, forçant la capsule externe de l'ovaire et l'ovule.

Oui, l'ovulation, la libération de la partie génomique de la mère qui va s'unir à la partie génomique du père, le sperme et former les bébés.

Pour vous parler métaphoriquement ou poétiquement, si les ovaires étaient en harmonie avec le cœur, les bébés ne seraient pas rejetés.

Mais n'oubliez jamais, nous pouvons contrôler la fertilité, il existe de nombreuses méthodes efficaces de contrôle de la fertilité.

La décision d'avoir ou de ne pas avoir un bébé commence bien avant l'ovulation ou la libération des spermatozoïdes. Nous ne sommes pas seulement soumis à notre biologie.

Nous avons la capacité de penser et de décider de ce qui peut arriver dans le futur. Nous ne sommes pas impuissants comme les bébés.

Si nous sommes vivants maintenant, c'est parce que nous étions protégés par quelqu'un, parce que nous étions déjà très fragiles, très fragiles.

Il suffirait que la frustration de quelqu'un nous rejette et nous n'aurions pas survécu.

Malheureusement.

; [

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The women's heart.

Yes, the name of this fruit that she holds in this photograph is Pomegranate fruit, is an exotic species native to Western Asia.

Inside this fruit are numerous translucent polygonal structures formed by a thick and translucent capsule and inside each capsule, there is a seed. The internal structure of this fruit is very interesting.

Although this fruit outwardly resembles the shape of a heart, on the inside the structure of the fruit resembles the internal structure of a woman's ovary, with its numerous oocytes waiting for the moment of expansion of the cystic structure to expand, forcing the outer capsule of the ovary and ovulate.

Yes, ovulating, the release of the genomic part of the mother that will unite with the genomic part of the father, the sperm and form the babies.

Speaking to you metaphorically or poetically, if the ovaries were in tune with the heart, babies would not be rejected.

But never forget, we can control the fertiliy, there are many effective fertility control methods.

The decision to have or not to have a baby begins well before ovulation or the release of sperm. We are not subject only to our biology.

We have the ability to think and decide about what may come in the future. We are not helpless like the babies are.

If we are alive now, it's because we were protected by someone, because we were already very fragile, very fragile.

It would be enough that the frustration of someone to reject us and we wouldn't have live on.

Unfortunately

: [

Can I blame the Neanderthals? I look to answer this question relating to the dark chocolate sneeze reflex. Read More

When I finish my chocolate, you can find me on Twitter

You can learn more about larches on my blog

When I'm not on the trails, you can find me on Twitter

SN/NC: Musa acuminata, Syn. Musa Paradisiaca, Musaceae Family

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguishing them from dessert bananas. The fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind, which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe. The fruits grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant. Almost all modern edible seedless (parthenocarp) bananas come from two wild species – Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. The scientific names of most cultivated bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, and Musa × paradisiaca for the hybrid Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. The old scientific name for this hybrid, Musa sapientum, is no longer used. Musa species are native to tropical Indomalaya and Australia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in Papua New Guinea. They are grown in 135 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine, and banana beer and as ornamental plants. The world's largest producers of bananas in 2017 were India and China, which together accounted for approximately 38% of total production. Worldwide, there is no sharp distinction between "bananas" and "plantains". Especially in the Americas and Europe, "banana" usually refers to soft, sweet, dessert bananas, particularly those of the Cavendish group, which are the main exports from banana-growing countries. By contrast, Musa cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are called "plantains". In other regions, such as Southeast Asia, many more kinds of banana are grown and eaten, so the binary distinction is not useful and is not made in local languages.

The term "banana" is also used as the common name for the plants that produce the fruit. This can extend to other members of the genus Musa, such as the scarlet banana (Musa coccinea), the pink banana (Musa velutina), and the Fe'i bananas. It can also refer to members of the genus Ensete, such as the snow banana (Ensete glaucum) and the economically important false banana (Ensete ventricosum). Both genera are in the banana family, Musaceae.

Een banaan is een langwerpige, eetbare vrucht - botanisch een bes - geproduceerd door verschillende soorten grote kruidachtige bloeiende planten in het geslacht Musa. In sommige landen kunnen bananen die voor het koken worden gebruikt "plantains" worden genoemd, waarmee ze zich onderscheiden van dessertbananen. De vrucht is variabel in grootte, kleur en stevigheid, maar is meestal langwerpig en gebogen, met zacht vruchtvlees dat rijk is aan zetmeel en bedekt is met een schil, die groen, geel, rood, paars of bruin kan zijn als ze rijp zijn. De vruchten groeien in trossen die aan de bovenkant van de plant hangen. Bijna alle moderne eetbare pitloze (parthenocarp) bananen zijn afkomstig van twee wilde soorten: Musa acuminata en Musa balbisiana. De wetenschappelijke namen van de meeste gecultiveerde bananen zijn Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana en Musa × paradisiaca voor de hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, afhankelijk van hun genomische constitutie. De oude wetenschappelijke naam voor deze hybride, Musa sapientum, wordt niet meer gebruikt. Musa-soorten zijn inheems in het tropische Indomalaya en Australië, en zijn waarschijnlijk voor het eerst gedomesticeerd in Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea. Ze worden in 135 landen verbouwd, voornamelijk voor hun fruit, en in mindere mate om vezels, bananenwijn en bananenbier te maken en als sierplant. De grootste bananenproducenten ter wereld in 2017 waren India en China, die samen goed waren voor ongeveer 38% van de totale productie.

A banana é uma fruta comestível alongada - botanicamente uma baga - produzida por vários tipos de grandes plantas com flores herbáceas do gênero Musa. Em alguns países, as bananas usadas para cozinhar podem ser chamadas de "bananas", o que as distingue das bananas de sobremesa. O fruto é variável em tamanho, cor e firmeza, mas geralmente é alongado e curvo, com polpa macia rica em amido coberta por uma casca que pode ser verde, amarela, vermelha, roxa ou marrom quando madura. Os frutos crescem em cachos pendurados no topo da planta. Quase todas as bananas modernas comestíveis sem sementes (partenocarpo) vêm de duas espécies selvagens - Musa acuminata e Musa balbisiana. Os nomes científicos da maioria das bananas cultivadas são Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana e Musa × paradisiaca para o híbrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, dependendo de sua constituição genômica. O antigo nome científico desse híbrido, Musa sapientum, não é mais usado. As espécies de Musa são nativas da Indomalaya tropical e da Austrália, e provavelmente foram domesticadas pela primeira vez na Papua-Nova Guiné. Eles são cultivados em 135 países, principalmente por suas frutas e, em menor grau, para fazer fibra, vinho de banana e cerveja de banana e como plantas ornamentais. Os maiores produtores mundiais de bananas em 2017 foram a Índia e a China, que juntos responderam por aproximadamente 38% da produção total.

Un plátano (Cambur o banano en Venezuela) es una fruta comestible alargada, botánicamente una baya, producida por varios tipos de grandes plantas herbáceas con flores del género Musa. En algunos países, los plátanos utilizados para cocinar pueden llamarse "plátanos", distinguiéndolos de los plátanos de postre. La fruta es variable en tamaño, color y firmeza, pero generalmente es alargada y curva, con pulpa blanda rica en almidón cubierta con una cáscara que puede ser verde, amarilla, roja, violeta o marrón cuando está madura. Los frutos crecen en racimos que cuelgan de la parte superior de la planta. Casi todos los plátanos comestibles sin semillas (partenocarpio) modernos provienen de dos especies silvestres: Musa acuminata y Musa balbisiana. Los nombres científicos de la mayoría de los bananos cultivados son Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana y Musa × paradisiaca para el híbrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, dependiendo de su constitución genómica. El antiguo nombre científico de este híbrido, Musa sapientum, ya no se usa. Las especies de Musa son nativas de las zonas tropicales de Indomalaya y Australia, y es probable que hayan sido domesticadas por primera vez en Papua Nueva Guinea. Se cultivan en 135 países, principalmente por su fruta, y en menor medida para producir fibra, vino de plátano y cerveza de plátano y como plantas ornamentales. Los mayores productores mundiales de banano en 2017 fueron India y China, que juntos representaron aproximadamente el 38% de la producción total.

Une banane est un fruit comestible allongé - botaniquement une baie - produit par plusieurs sortes de grandes plantes à fleurs herbacées du genre Musa. Dans certains pays, les bananes utilisées pour la cuisson peuvent être appelées « plantains », ce qui les distingue des bananes dessert. Le fruit est de taille, de couleur et de fermeté variables, mais il est généralement allongé et incurvé, avec une chair molle riche en amidon recouverte d'une croûte qui peut être verte, jaune, rouge, violette ou brune à maturité. Les fruits poussent en grappes suspendues au sommet de la plante. Presque toutes les bananes comestibles modernes sans pépins (parthénocarpe) proviennent de deux espèces sauvages : Musa acuminata et Musa balbisiana. Les noms scientifiques de la plupart des bananiers cultivés sont Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana et Musa × paradisiaca pour l'hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, en fonction de leur constitution génomique. L'ancien nom scientifique de cet hybride, Musa sapientum, n'est plus utilisé. Les espèces de Musa sont originaires de l'Indomalaya tropicale et de l'Australie et ont probablement été domestiquées pour la première fois en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée. Ils sont cultivés dans 135 pays, principalement pour leurs fruits, et dans une moindre mesure pour fabriquer des fibres, du vin de banane et de la bière de banane et comme plantes ornementales. Les plus grands producteurs mondiaux de bananes en 2017 étaient l'Inde et la Chine, qui représentaient ensemble environ 38 % de la production totale.

Una banana è un frutto allungato e commestibile, botanicamente una bacca, prodotto da diversi tipi di grandi piante erbacee da fiore del genere Musa. In alcuni paesi, le banane utilizzate per cucinare possono essere chiamate "platani", distinguendole dalle banane da dessert. Il frutto è variabile per dimensione, colore e consistenza, ma è generalmente allungato e ricurvo, con polpa morbida ricca di amido ricoperta da una scorza, che può essere verde, gialla, rossa, viola o marrone a maturità. I frutti crescono in grappoli appesi alla sommità della pianta. Quasi tutte le moderne banane commestibili senza semi (partenocarpo) provengono da due specie selvatiche: Musa acuminata e Musa balbisiana. I nomi scientifici delle banane più coltivate sono Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana e Musa × paradisiaca per l'ibrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, a seconda della loro costituzione genomica. Il vecchio nome scientifico di questo ibrido, Musa sapientum, non è più utilizzato. Le specie Musa sono originarie dell'Indomalaya tropicale e dell'Australia, ed è probabile che siano state addomesticate per la prima volta in Papua Nuova Guinea. Sono coltivati in 135 paesi, principalmente per i loro frutti, e in misura minore per produrre fibre, vino di banana e birra di banana e come piante ornamentali. I maggiori produttori mondiali di banane nel 2017 sono stati India e Cina, che insieme hanno rappresentato circa il 38% della produzione totale.

Eine Banane ist eine längliche, essbare Frucht – botanisch gesehen eine Beere – die von mehreren Arten großer krautiger Blütenpflanzen der Gattung Musa produziert wird. In einigen Ländern werden Bananen, die zum Kochen verwendet werden, als "Kochbananen" bezeichnet, was sie von Dessertbananen unterscheidet. Die Frucht ist unterschiedlich in Größe, Farbe und Festigkeit, aber normalerweise länglich und gebogen, mit weichem, stärkereichem Fruchtfleisch, das mit einer Rinde bedeckt ist, die im reifen Zustand grün, gelb, rot, violett oder braun sein kann. Die Früchte wachsen in Büscheln, die von der Spitze der Pflanze hängen. Fast alle modernen essbaren kernlosen Bananen (Parthenokarp) stammen von zwei Wildarten – Musa acuminata und Musa balbisiana. Die wissenschaftlichen Namen der am häufigsten angebauten Bananen sind Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana und Musa × paradisiaca für die Hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, abhängig von ihrer genomischen Konstitution. Der alte wissenschaftliche Name für diese Hybride, Musa sapientum, wird nicht mehr verwendet. Musa-Arten sind im tropischen Indomalaya und Australien beheimatet und wurden wahrscheinlich zuerst in Papua-Neuguinea domestiziert. Sie werden in 135 Ländern angebaut, hauptsächlich wegen ihrer Früchte und in geringerem Maße zur Herstellung von Ballaststoffen, Bananenwein und Bananenbier sowie als Zierpflanzen. Die weltweit größten Bananenproduzenten waren 2017 Indien und China, die zusammen etwa 38 % der Gesamtproduktion ausmachten.

‎الموز هو فاكهة مستطيلة صالحة للأكل - نباتية توت - تنتجها عدة أنواع من النباتات المزهرة العشبية الكبيرة في جنس موسى. في بعض البلدان ، قد يطلق على الموز المستخدم في الطهي اسم "الموز" ، مما يميزه عن الموز المصنوع من الحلوى. تختلف الثمار في الحجم واللون والصلابة ، ولكنها عادة ما تكون ممدودة ومنحنية ، ولحم ناعم غني بالنشا مغطى بقشرة قد تكون خضراء أو صفراء أو حمراء أو أرجوانية أو بنية عند النضج. تنمو الثمار في مجموعات تتدلى من أعلى النبات. تأتي جميع أنواع الموز الحديثة الصالحة للأكل (parthenocarp) من نوعين من الأنواع البرية - Musa acuminata و Musa balbisiana. الأسماء العلمية لمعظم أنواع الموز المزروعة هي Musa acuminata و Musa balbisiana و Musa × paradisiaca للهجين Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana ، اعتمادًا على تكوينها الجيني. لم يعد الاسم العلمي القديم لهذا الهجين ، Musa sapientum ، مستخدمًا. أنواع موسى موطنها إندومالايا الاستوائية وأستراليا ، ومن المحتمل أن تكون قد تم تدجينها لأول مرة في بابوا غينيا الجديدة. تزرع في 135 دولة ، في المقام الأول من أجل فواكهها ، وبدرجة أقل لتصنيع الألياف ونبيذ الموز وبيرة الموز ونباتات الزينة. كانت الهند والصين أكبر منتجي الموز في العالم في عام 2017 ، حيث شكلا معًا ما يقرب من 38 ٪ من إجمالي الإنتاج.

Previously, only one species of torrent frog (Amolops larutensis) was thought to occur throughout Peninsular Malaysia.

According to Chan et al., (2018), however, genomic work has demonstrated that populations from eastern Peninsular Malaysia form two separate lineages that are genetically distinct from A. larutensis that is now restricted to the western half of Peninsular Malaysia. This study demonstrates that all three lineages can be morphologically distinguished from each other, thereby providing additional support for the recognition of the eastern lineages as two distinct species. These lineages are described herein as Amolops gerutu sp. nov. from the eastern states of Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang, and A. australis sp. nov. from the southern-most state of Johor. In general, these two new species form a clade that is sister to A. larutensis and can be readily distinguished from it by having: (1) considerably denser and more pronounced dorsal tubercles, and (2) the posterodorsal surface of thighs having dense, dark stippling as opposed to broad vermiculations. Although differences in other morphometric characters were detected, their utility as diagnostic characters should be applied with caution due to the large intraspecific variation that overlaps among different species in many of the characters we measured. As such, we advocate for the use of tuberculation and pattern of the posterodorsal portion of the thighs as primary diagnostic characters. These characters can readily distinguish A. larutensis from the two new species. To differentiate A. australis sp. nov. from A. gerutu sp. nov. and A. larutensis, body size can be a good diagnostic character as A. australis sp. nov. is significantly smaller in both males (mean = 31.04 ± 1.59 mm) and females (mean = 46.48 ± 3.2 mm). Additionally, we show a strong positive correlation between body size and elevation, with populations from montane forests (>900 m asl) being considerably larger than populations at lower elevations.

Source: Chan, K. O., Abraham, R. K., Grismer, J. L., & Grismer, L. L., (2018). Elevational size variation and two new species of torrent frogs from Peninsular Malaysia (Anura: Ranidae: Amolops Cope), Zootaxa, 4434(2):250.

Among Echo’s five cubs, two—Left Shoulder Shave and Right Shoulder Shave—were sired by Asante, and three—Back Shave, Left Hip Shave, and Stripe—were sired by Flash.

Fascinating!

nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/news/how-genomic-science-solve...

The Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni, Malay: harimau belang) is a subspecies of tiger found in the southern and central parts of the Malay Peninsula.[2] Until 2004, it was not considered a subspecies in its own right. The new classification came about after a study by S. J. Luo et al. from the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, part of the United States National Cancer Institute.

Recent counts showed there are 600–800 Malayan tigers in the wild, making it the most common tiger subspecies other than the Bengal and perhaps also the Indochinese tigers. It is nevertheless an endangered subspecies.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

At the beginning of August, I was in Puerto Iguazu, Argentina for a week to teach a workshop on bioinformatics and genomics. Of course, I managed to do a little birding as well, and am slowly getting around to processing the pictures.

Here is the first shot from this trip, of a Squirrel Cuckoo. Not actually a new bird for the trip (I've seen them before in Costa Rica), but a species I was very happy to get a decent photo of.

You can read about what triggers the leaves to turn on my blog

When I'm not kicking the leaves around, you can find me on Twitter

Impacto del coronavirus visto desde arriba: tráfico ligero en el Lincoln Tunnel, lotes de centros comerciales vacíos

Travel to New York City during Covid-19: What to know before you go

COVID-19 pandemic in New York City

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For effects of the pandemic in the state, see COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state).

COVID-19 pandemic

in New York City

USNS Comfort passing by Statue of Liberty, March 30, 2020.

The USNS Comfort passing by the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor on March 30, 2020

COVID-19 outbreak New York CSA per capita cases map.svg

Confirmed cases per 100,000 residents in the greater New York City area, as of July 3, 2020

DiseaseCOVID-19

Virus strainSARS-CoV-2

LocationNew York City, New York, United States

New York Metropolitan Area (depending on criteria of study)

First outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China

Index caseManhattan

Arrival date mid-December

(first case found January 1

Confirmed cases

535,700 (CSA; June 4, 2020)

2,508,916 (NYC; November 17, 2022)

Hospitalized cases 193,304

Deaths43,052 (36,836 confirmed,

6,216 probable)

Government website

www.nyc.gov/coronavirus

The first case of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City was confirmed on March 1, 2020, though later research showed that the novel coronavirus had been circulating in New York City since January, with cases of community transmission confirmed as early as February. By March 29, over 30,000 cases were confirmed, and New York City had become the worst-affected area in the United States. There were over 2,000 deaths by April 6; at that stage, the city had more confirmed coronavirus cases than China, the UK, or Iran. Bodies of the deceased were picked up from their homes by the US Army, National Guard, and Air National Guard.

Starting March 16, New York City schools were closed. On March 20, the New York State governor's office issued an executive order closing "non-essential" businesses. The city's public transportation system remained open, but service was substantially reduced. By April, hundreds of thousands of New Yorkers were out of work, with lost tax revenues estimated to run into the billions of dollars. Low-income jobs in the retail, transportation, and restaurant sectors were especially affected. Over the course of the year, average residential and commercial rents both declined more than 10% in Manhattan, and vacancies surged.

The first phase of reopening began in June 2020 with reduced occupancy ceilings. Schools reopened in September. The police department was ordered to enforce public health measures and conduct emergency inspections at private schools. Spikes in infection rates were observed in some neighborhoods, prompting tighter restrictions in ZIP codes that were identified as "cluster" areas. Public schools were closed again to in-person learning in November, as the seven-day rolling average positivity rate continued to rise over 3%. Indoor dining was suspended again on December 14. COVID-19 vaccinations began at nursing homes on December 21. Public health researchers estimated that 44% of all metro New York residents had been infected by December 31.

Face masks in public areas were mandated throughout New York State by an executive order on April 15, 2020. The ongoing pandemic is one of the deadliest disasters by death toll in the history of New York City. As of June 17, 2022, the city's confirmed COVID-19 deaths exceeded 35,000 and probable deaths exceeded 5,500.[4]

As of July 11, 2022, New York City has administered 17,956,430 COVID-19 vaccine doses.

Contents

1Timeline

2Government response

2.1Stay-at-home order

2.2Four-phase reopening plan

2.3Social distancing and face masks

2.4Micro-cluster strategy

2.5Public transport

2.6Education

2.6.1Colleges and universities

2.7Parks

2.8Open space

2.8.1Open streets

2.8.2Open restaurants

2.9Temporary burials

3 Economic impact

3.1Unemployment and loss of revenue

3.2Business closures

3.3Real estate

3.4Recovery

4Social impact

4.1Social distancing

4.2Police and crime

4.3Social disparities

4.4Deaths

5Public health impact

5.1Hospitals

5.2Shortages and policy changes

5.3Guidelines

5.4Variants

6 Demographics

7Data

8 Graphs

8.1COVID-19 cases over time

8.2COVID-19 deaths over time

8.3All-cause deaths over time

9 See also

10 References

11 External links

Timeline

Main article: Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City

The first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in New York State on March 1, 2020, in a 39-year-old health care worker who had returned home to Manhattan from Iran on February 25.Genomic analyses suggest the disease had been introduced to New York as early as January, and that most cases were linked to Europe, rather than Asia. A Queens man contracted COVID-19 via community transmission in late February, falling ill on February 29.

NYPD taping off One Grand Central Place during the early afternoon of March 3, 2020, in response to New York's first confirmed case of COVID-19 person-to-person spread

New York City Subway passengers on March 9, when there were 16 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in New York City, with NYC Transit Interim President Sarah Feinberg on the right

On March 3, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced that the first recorded case of person-to-person spread in New York State had been confirmed via a New Rochelle man who was working at a law firm within One Grand Central Place in Midtown Manhattan.[12] Six days later, on March 9, Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that there were 16 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in New York City. Cuomo announced a New Rochelle "containment area" on March 10,[14] and the World Health Organization declared a global COVID–19 pandemic on March 11.

The virus entered its exponential growth stage.[16] At the time, the city's infection rate was five times higher than the rest of the country, and its cases were one-third of total confirmed US cases.[17] The reasons for the high infection rate continue to be discussed.On March 27, Queens was the worst-affected borough by number of deaths, with over a third of total deaths.

Refrigerated trucks filled with COVID-19 victims outside Wyckoff Heights Medical Center.

The USNS Comfort hospital ship arrived in New York Harbor on March 30. Field hospitals were also set up in several places citywide. Refrigerator trucks were set up on city streets outside hospitals to accommodate the overflow of bodies of the deceased.

On April 4, President Donald Trump announced that 1,000 additional federal medical soldiers would be deployed to New York City.It was reported that "Urban Area Medical Task Forces" made up of army reservists would be working in the New York City field hospitals and other parts of the country.As of April 4, there were 1,200 medical military personnel serving on the USNS Comfort. 2,700 New York State National Guard forces had also been deployed.

Closed non-essential retailers in Morris Park, the Bronx, during the COVID-19 pandemic

Masks for sale in June, South Bronx

On April 5, it was reported that a Malayan tiger at the already-closed Bronx Zoo tested positive for COVID-19. This was the first known case of an animal in the US (or a tiger anywhere) being infected with the disease. The tiger had started showing symptoms on March 27, including a dry cough, wheezing, and weakened appetite. The source of the infection was believed to be an infected zookeeper who was not yet showing symptoms. On April 22, it was reported that four additional tigers and three lions had tested positive.

By April 6, New York City had nearly 25% of the total deaths from COVID-19 in the U.S.During May, active COVID-19 cases started to decline.After the George Floyd protests in New York City started in late May, public officials expressed concern about the spread of COVID-19 via the crowded events.

On June 8, the city commenced the first phase of its reopening plan after meeting seven conditions of the stay-at-home order, which had been put in place three months earlier.On June 24, New York state, along with New Jersey and Connecticut, began requiring travelers to self-quarantine for 14 days if traveling from an area with high infection rates.

Prometheus, masked for protection

Plans to open indoor dining during the Phase 3 reopening were postponed due to the heightened risks posed by customers refusing to wear face masks and the uncertain role of air conditioning for COVID spread. Indoor dining in other states has resulted in superspreading at certain venues. To compensate in part, outdoor space was expanded by shutting down certain areas to create more space for outdoor dining. Plans to reopen museums in Phase 4 were also postponed.

On the nineteenth anniversary ceremony of the September 11 attacks at the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, the reading of names of victims, usually by family members, was instead recorded in advance. Mask protocols and social distance measures were also in place. The Tunnels to Towers foundation held a simultaneous memorial nearby at Zuccotti Park where around 125 family members took part in reading names.

In early October, the city was still in Phase 4 of reopening, which included museums, gardens, botanical gardens and gyms. Twenty ZIP Codes were identified as cluster areas.[38] In response, the governor's office announced what they called "direct enforcement" of COVID-19 related restrictions in high-risk neighborhoods in Brooklyn and Queens. The mayor's office proposed closing businesses deemed "non-essential" and on-site dining. In-person schooling would have to shut down in nine ZIP Codes with 14-day positivity rates over 3%, while another eleven ZIP Codes were placed on a "watch list" because their positivity rates were 1–3%.

On October 6, Governor Andrew Cuomo introduced a "micro-cluster strategy". The new plan placed tighter restrictions in cluster areas with spikes in COVID-19 cases. The first areas to experience these new restrictions were parts of Brooklyn and Queens.

Public schools were closed indefinitely on November 19 after the rolling seven-day average reached 3%.Despite calls from health experts to close indoor dining before it was too late "to reverse the tide of new infections", the governor's office declined to impose restrictions until the statistical thresholds were met. The mayor's office took charge of closing schools only. Some epidemiologists and public health officials have criticized the decision to close schools, while allowing indoor dining to continue.The school-closure policy was partly reversed less than two weeks later, with de Blasio announcing that elementary schools would resume in-person learning from December 7.[ However, intermediate and high schools would remain closed through 2021.

COVID-19 vaccinations were authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on December 11.[48] New York administered the vaccine first to health-care workers, and then to nursing-home residents starting December 21.

Public health researchers estimated that 44 percent of metro New York residents had been infected by December 31, 2020, based on a combination of virus testing, antibody testing, fatality counts, and population mobility data.[50][51]

Mask vending machine in a subway station, April 2021

On February 8, it was announced that public middle schools would reopen for in-person learning on February 25.On March 8, it was announced that public high schools would reopen for in-person learning on March 22. On April 29, de Blasio announced that New York City would fully reopen on July 1.By June, the city's overall testing positivity rate had reached its lowest since the pandemic began.Cuomo reopened the entirety of New York state on June 15, two weeks ahead of Mayor Bill de Blasio's planned July 1 reopening.

Healthcare workers being honored for their efforts in combating COVID-19 during a July 7, 2021 ticker-tape parade for essential workers in New York, NY.

On July 7, 2021, the city held a "Hometown Heroes" ticker tape parade to honor healthcare professionals and essential workers for their work during the pandemic.The Uniformed Firefighters Association asked its members to boycott the event, however, saying that COVID-related risks to firefighters had not yet ended, citing the case of a union member who was in the ICU with COVID-related pneumonia at the time of the parade.The Uniformed EMS Officers Union also asked its members not to attend the parade due to an ongoing dispute with the city over a lack of hazard pay during the pandemic.

On July 23, 2021, the city's health department announced that daily average cases were 32% higher than the prior week and that the Delta variant had become the dominant COVID strain, accounting for 57% of citywide samples over a four-week period. On August 2, 2021, de Blasio recommended that vaccinated people wear masks in indoor settings, following CDC guidance and a continued uptick in positive COVID cases due to the Delta variant.[61] The next day, it was announced that masks would be required indoors beginning August 16.

On August 3, de Blasio announced that New York City would become the first in the United States to require proof of vaccination for workers and customers at all indoor dining establishments, gyms, entertainment venues, and performances. As of August 16, patrons would be expected to show either their vaccination cards or one of two authorized vaccine passport apps: the city's NYC COVID Safe app or the state's Excelsior app.[63] Enforcement of the requirement began in September.[64]

Government response

See also: New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic

Woman wearing a mask walks by the Cobble Hill Cinemas in Brooklyn, which closed as a non-essential business

On March 2, de Blasio tweeted that people should ignore the virus and "go on with your lives + get out on the town despite Coronavirus."[65] At a press conference the next day, New York City Commissioner of Health Oxiris Barbot said, "We are encouraging New Yorkers to go about their everyday lives." On March 4, she said, "There's no indication that being in a car, being in the subways with someone who's potentially sick is a risk factor."New York City Council members Robert Holden and Eric Ulrich wrote to Mayor de Blasio asking him to relieve Barbot of her position. (She ultimately resigned on August 4.

On March 7, Cuomo declared a state of emergency in New York State after 89 cases had been confirmed in the state, 70 of them in Westchester County, 12 in New York City, and 7 elsewhere.

On April 20, de Blasio announced that major events had been cancelled through June, including the Pride March and the Puerto Rican Day Parade.

On August 5, de Blasio announced that COVID-19 checkpoints would be set up at major crossings and tunnels to help enforcement of a mandatory 14-day quarantine for travelers from areas of a high transmission rate per Cuomo's order, in coordination with the New York's Sheriff department.[71] Failure to comply with this order would result in fines ranging from $2,000 to $10,000 with de Blasio adding, "We're not going to let our hard work slip away and will continue to do everything we can to keep New Yorkers safe and healthy."

Stay-at-home order

A nearly empty street at Times Square, New York City during the pandemic. April, 2020.

On March 14, before the statewide stay-at-home order (also known as the "New York State on PAUSE" executive order) was put in place, all New York Public Library branches in the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island were temporarily closed. The Queens Public Library and Brooklyn Public Library were also closed.Theaters, concert venues, and nightclubs in NYC have been shut down since March 17, and restaurants were restricted to take-out and delivery only. Schools were closed from March 16 until at least April 20.Gyms were closed as well.

On March 17, despiste de Blasio's message to New Yorkers that they should be "prepared right now" for the possibility of "shelter in place" orders, Cuomo expressed doubts about whether the policy would be effective. The governor's office issued a statement that the shelter in place order could only be put in place by the governor's office; the Mayor's office agreed.On March 20, with 5,683 confirmed cases in NYC, the governor's office issued the PAUSE order that would go into effect on March 22 at 8 PM. The order put in place the following restrictions, summarized in the executive order in ten points:

Effective at 8pm on Sunday, March 22, all non-essential businesses statewide will be closed;

Non-essential gatherings of individuals of any size for any reason (e.g. parties, celebrations or other social events) are canceled or postponed at this time;

Any concentration of individuals outside their home must be limited to workers providing essential services and social distancing should be practiced;

When in public individuals must practice social distancing of at least six feet from others;

Businesses and entities that provide other essential services must implement rules that help facilitate social distancing of at least six feet;

Individuals should limit outdoor recreational activities to non-contact and avoid activities where they come in close contact with other people;

Individuals should limit use of public transportation to when absolutely necessary and should limit potential exposure by spacing out at least six feet from other riders;

Sick individuals should not leave their home unless to receive medical care and only after a telehealth visit to determine if leaving the home is in the best interest of their health;

Young people should also practice social distancing and avoid contact with vulnerable populations;

Use precautionary sanitizer practices such as using isopropyl alcohol wipes.

I spent the day learning all about this little beauty and I wrote all about it on my blog. Leave a comment there if you found it of interest.

Uppsala Centre for Evolution and Genomics, Sweden

SN/NC: Musa acuminata, Syn. Musa Paradisiaca, Musaceae Family

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguishing them from dessert bananas. The fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind, which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe. The fruits grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant. Almost all modern edible seedless (parthenocarp) bananas come from two wild species – Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. The scientific names of most cultivated bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, and Musa × paradisiaca for the hybrid Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. The old scientific name for this hybrid, Musa sapientum, is no longer used. Musa species are native to tropical Indomalaya and Australia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in Papua New Guinea. They are grown in 135 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine, and banana beer and as ornamental plants. The world's largest producers of bananas in 2017 were India and China, which together accounted for approximately 38% of total production. Worldwide, there is no sharp distinction between "bananas" and "plantains". Especially in the Americas and Europe, "banana" usually refers to soft, sweet, dessert bananas, particularly those of the Cavendish group, which are the main exports from banana-growing countries. By contrast, Musa cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are called "plantains". In other regions, such as Southeast Asia, many more kinds of banana are grown and eaten, so the binary distinction is not useful and is not made in local languages.

The term "banana" is also used as the common name for the plants that produce the fruit. This can extend to other members of the genus Musa, such as the scarlet banana (Musa coccinea), the pink banana (Musa velutina), and the Fe'i bananas. It can also refer to members of the genus Ensete, such as the snow banana (Ensete glaucum) and the economically important false banana (Ensete ventricosum). Both genera are in the banana family, Musaceae.

Een banaan is een langwerpige, eetbare vrucht - botanisch een bes - geproduceerd door verschillende soorten grote kruidachtige bloeiende planten in het geslacht Musa. In sommige landen kunnen bananen die voor het koken worden gebruikt "plantains" worden genoemd, waarmee ze zich onderscheiden van dessertbananen. De vrucht is variabel in grootte, kleur en stevigheid, maar is meestal langwerpig en gebogen, met zacht vruchtvlees dat rijk is aan zetmeel en bedekt is met een schil, die groen, geel, rood, paars of bruin kan zijn als ze rijp zijn. De vruchten groeien in trossen die aan de bovenkant van de plant hangen. Bijna alle moderne eetbare pitloze (parthenocarp) bananen zijn afkomstig van twee wilde soorten: Musa acuminata en Musa balbisiana. De wetenschappelijke namen van de meeste gecultiveerde bananen zijn Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana en Musa × paradisiaca voor de hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, afhankelijk van hun genomische constitutie. De oude wetenschappelijke naam voor deze hybride, Musa sapientum, wordt niet meer gebruikt. Musa-soorten zijn inheems in het tropische Indomalaya en Australië, en zijn waarschijnlijk voor het eerst gedomesticeerd in Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea. Ze worden in 135 landen verbouwd, voornamelijk voor hun fruit, en in mindere mate om vezels, bananenwijn en bananenbier te maken en als sierplant. De grootste bananenproducenten ter wereld in 2017 waren India en China, die samen goed waren voor ongeveer 38% van de totale productie.

A banana é uma fruta comestível alongada - botanicamente uma baga - produzida por vários tipos de grandes plantas com flores herbáceas do gênero Musa. Em alguns países, as bananas usadas para cozinhar podem ser chamadas de "bananas", o que as distingue das bananas de sobremesa. O fruto é variável em tamanho, cor e firmeza, mas geralmente é alongado e curvo, com polpa macia rica em amido coberta por uma casca que pode ser verde, amarela, vermelha, roxa ou marrom quando madura. Os frutos crescem em cachos pendurados no topo da planta. Quase todas as bananas modernas comestíveis sem sementes (partenocarpo) vêm de duas espécies selvagens - Musa acuminata e Musa balbisiana. Os nomes científicos da maioria das bananas cultivadas são Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana e Musa × paradisiaca para o híbrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, dependendo de sua constituição genômica. O antigo nome científico desse híbrido, Musa sapientum, não é mais usado. As espécies de Musa são nativas da Indomalaya tropical e da Austrália, e provavelmente foram domesticadas pela primeira vez na Papua-Nova Guiné. Eles são cultivados em 135 países, principalmente por suas frutas e, em menor grau, para fazer fibra, vinho de banana e cerveja de banana e como plantas ornamentais. Os maiores produtores mundiais de bananas em 2017 foram a Índia e a China, que juntos responderam por aproximadamente 38% da produção total.

Un plátano (Cambur o banano en Venezuela) es una fruta comestible alargada, botánicamente una baya, producida por varios tipos de grandes plantas herbáceas con flores del género Musa. En algunos países, los plátanos utilizados para cocinar pueden llamarse "plátanos", distinguiéndolos de los plátanos de postre. La fruta es variable en tamaño, color y firmeza, pero generalmente es alargada y curva, con pulpa blanda rica en almidón cubierta con una cáscara que puede ser verde, amarilla, roja, violeta o marrón cuando está madura. Los frutos crecen en racimos que cuelgan de la parte superior de la planta. Casi todos los plátanos comestibles sin semillas (partenocarpio) modernos provienen de dos especies silvestres: Musa acuminata y Musa balbisiana. Los nombres científicos de la mayoría de los bananos cultivados son Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana y Musa × paradisiaca para el híbrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, dependiendo de su constitución genómica. El antiguo nombre científico de este híbrido, Musa sapientum, ya no se usa. Las especies de Musa son nativas de las zonas tropicales de Indomalaya y Australia, y es probable que hayan sido domesticadas por primera vez en Papua Nueva Guinea. Se cultivan en 135 países, principalmente por su fruta, y en menor medida para producir fibra, vino de plátano y cerveza de plátano y como plantas ornamentales. Los mayores productores mundiales de banano en 2017 fueron India y China, que juntos representaron aproximadamente el 38% de la producción total.

Une banane est un fruit comestible allongé - botaniquement une baie - produit par plusieurs sortes de grandes plantes à fleurs herbacées du genre Musa. Dans certains pays, les bananes utilisées pour la cuisson peuvent être appelées « plantains », ce qui les distingue des bananes dessert. Le fruit est de taille, de couleur et de fermeté variables, mais il est généralement allongé et incurvé, avec une chair molle riche en amidon recouverte d'une croûte qui peut être verte, jaune, rouge, violette ou brune à maturité. Les fruits poussent en grappes suspendues au sommet de la plante. Presque toutes les bananes comestibles modernes sans pépins (parthénocarpe) proviennent de deux espèces sauvages : Musa acuminata et Musa balbisiana. Les noms scientifiques de la plupart des bananiers cultivés sont Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana et Musa × paradisiaca pour l'hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, en fonction de leur constitution génomique. L'ancien nom scientifique de cet hybride, Musa sapientum, n'est plus utilisé. Les espèces de Musa sont originaires de l'Indomalaya tropicale et de l'Australie et ont probablement été domestiquées pour la première fois en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée. Ils sont cultivés dans 135 pays, principalement pour leurs fruits, et dans une moindre mesure pour fabriquer des fibres, du vin de banane et de la bière de banane et comme plantes ornementales. Les plus grands producteurs mondiaux de bananes en 2017 étaient l'Inde et la Chine, qui représentaient ensemble environ 38 % de la production totale.

Una banana è un frutto allungato e commestibile, botanicamente una bacca, prodotto da diversi tipi di grandi piante erbacee da fiore del genere Musa. In alcuni paesi, le banane utilizzate per cucinare possono essere chiamate "platani", distinguendole dalle banane da dessert. Il frutto è variabile per dimensione, colore e consistenza, ma è generalmente allungato e ricurvo, con polpa morbida ricca di amido ricoperta da una scorza, che può essere verde, gialla, rossa, viola o marrone a maturità. I frutti crescono in grappoli appesi alla sommità della pianta. Quasi tutte le moderne banane commestibili senza semi (partenocarpo) provengono da due specie selvatiche: Musa acuminata e Musa balbisiana. I nomi scientifici delle banane più coltivate sono Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana e Musa × paradisiaca per l'ibrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, a seconda della loro costituzione genomica. Il vecchio nome scientifico di questo ibrido, Musa sapientum, non è più utilizzato. Le specie Musa sono originarie dell'Indomalaya tropicale e dell'Australia, ed è probabile che siano state addomesticate per la prima volta in Papua Nuova Guinea. Sono coltivati in 135 paesi, principalmente per i loro frutti, e in misura minore per produrre fibre, vino di banana e birra di banana e come piante ornamentali. I maggiori produttori mondiali di banane nel 2017 sono stati India e Cina, che insieme hanno rappresentato circa il 38% della produzione totale.

Eine Banane ist eine längliche, essbare Frucht – botanisch gesehen eine Beere – die von mehreren Arten großer krautiger Blütenpflanzen der Gattung Musa produziert wird. In einigen Ländern werden Bananen, die zum Kochen verwendet werden, als "Kochbananen" bezeichnet, was sie von Dessertbananen unterscheidet. Die Frucht ist unterschiedlich in Größe, Farbe und Festigkeit, aber normalerweise länglich und gebogen, mit weichem, stärkereichem Fruchtfleisch, das mit einer Rinde bedeckt ist, die im reifen Zustand grün, gelb, rot, violett oder braun sein kann. Die Früchte wachsen in Büscheln, die von der Spitze der Pflanze hängen. Fast alle modernen essbaren kernlosen Bananen (Parthenokarp) stammen von zwei Wildarten – Musa acuminata und Musa balbisiana. Die wissenschaftlichen Namen der am häufigsten angebauten Bananen sind Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana und Musa × paradisiaca für die Hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, abhängig von ihrer genomischen Konstitution. Der alte wissenschaftliche Name für diese Hybride, Musa sapientum, wird nicht mehr verwendet. Musa-Arten sind im tropischen Indomalaya und Australien beheimatet und wurden wahrscheinlich zuerst in Papua-Neuguinea domestiziert. Sie werden in 135 Ländern angebaut, hauptsächlich wegen ihrer Früchte und in geringerem Maße zur Herstellung von Ballaststoffen, Bananenwein und Bananenbier sowie als Zierpflanzen. Die weltweit größten Bananenproduzenten waren 2017 Indien und China, die zusammen etwa 38 % der Gesamtproduktion ausmachten.

‎الموز هو فاكهة مستطيلة صالحة للأكل - نباتية توت - تنتجها عدة أنواع من النباتات المزهرة العشبية الكبيرة في جنس موسى. في بعض البلدان ، قد يطلق على الموز المستخدم في الطهي اسم "الموز" ، مما يميزه عن الموز المصنوع من الحلوى. تختلف الثمار في الحجم واللون والصلابة ، ولكنها عادة ما تكون ممدودة ومنحنية ، ولحم ناعم غني بالنشا مغطى بقشرة قد تكون خضراء أو صفراء أو حمراء أو أرجوانية أو بنية عند النضج. تنمو الثمار في مجموعات تتدلى من أعلى النبات. تأتي جميع أنواع الموز الحديثة الصالحة للأكل (parthenocarp) من نوعين من الأنواع البرية - Musa acuminata و Musa balbisiana. الأسماء العلمية لمعظم أنواع الموز المزروعة هي Musa acuminata و Musa balbisiana و Musa × paradisiaca للهجين Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana ، اعتمادًا على تكوينها الجيني. لم يعد الاسم العلمي القديم لهذا الهجين ، Musa sapientum ، مستخدمًا. أنواع موسى موطنها إندومالايا الاستوائية وأستراليا ، ومن المحتمل أن تكون قد تم تدجينها لأول مرة في بابوا غينيا الجديدة. تزرع في 135 دولة ، في المقام الأول من أجل فواكهها ، وبدرجة أقل لتصنيع الألياف ونبيذ الموز وبيرة الموز ونباتات الزينة. كانت الهند والصين أكبر منتجي الموز في العالم في عام 2017 ، حيث شكلا معًا ما يقرب من 38 ٪ من إجمالي الإنتاج.

This beautiful yellow orchid is now blossoming. In the back you will see a banana tree with a bunch of bananas. In my house, FH, São Paulo

Orquídea & Frutal. La orquidea amarilla ya poniéndose bella en el árbol y un palo de banano atrás.

A orquídea abrindo, já bem incorporada à arvore e atrás uma bananeira já com seu cacho. Em Forest Hills, São Paulo

SN/NC: Musa acuminata, Syn. Musa Paradisiaca, Musaceae Family

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguishing them from dessert bananas. The fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind, which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe. The fruits grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant. Almost all modern edible seedless (parthenocarp) bananas come from two wild species – Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. The scientific names of most cultivated bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, and Musa × paradisiaca for the hybrid Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. The old scientific name for this hybrid, Musa sapientum, is no longer used. Musa species are native to tropical Indomalaya and Australia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in Papua New Guinea. They are grown in 135 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine, and banana beer and as ornamental plants. The world's largest producers of bananas in 2017 were India and China, which together accounted for approximately 38% of total production. Worldwide, there is no sharp distinction between "bananas" and "plantains". Especially in the Americas and Europe, "banana" usually refers to soft, sweet, dessert bananas, particularly those of the Cavendish group, which are the main exports from banana-growing countries. By contrast, Musa cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are called "plantains". In other regions, such as Southeast Asia, many more kinds of banana are grown and eaten, so the binary distinction is not useful and is not made in local languages.

The term "banana" is also used as the common name for the plants that produce the fruit. This can extend to other members of the genus Musa, such as the scarlet banana (Musa coccinea), the pink banana (Musa velutina), and the Fe'i bananas. It can also refer to members of the genus Ensete, such as the snow banana (Ensete glaucum) and the economically important false banana (Ensete ventricosum). Both genera are in the banana family, Musaceae.

Een banaan is een langwerpige, eetbare vrucht - botanisch een bes - geproduceerd door verschillende soorten grote kruidachtige bloeiende planten in het geslacht Musa. In sommige landen kunnen bananen die voor het koken worden gebruikt "plantains" worden genoemd, waarmee ze zich onderscheiden van dessertbananen. De vrucht is variabel in grootte, kleur en stevigheid, maar is meestal langwerpig en gebogen, met zacht vruchtvlees dat rijk is aan zetmeel en bedekt is met een schil, die groen, geel, rood, paars of bruin kan zijn als ze rijp zijn. De vruchten groeien in trossen die aan de bovenkant van de plant hangen. Bijna alle moderne eetbare pitloze (parthenocarp) bananen zijn afkomstig van twee wilde soorten: Musa acuminata en Musa balbisiana. De wetenschappelijke namen van de meeste gecultiveerde bananen zijn Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana en Musa × paradisiaca voor de hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, afhankelijk van hun genomische constitutie. De oude wetenschappelijke naam voor deze hybride, Musa sapientum, wordt niet meer gebruikt. Musa-soorten zijn inheems in het tropische Indomalaya en Australië, en zijn waarschijnlijk voor het eerst gedomesticeerd in Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea. Ze worden in 135 landen verbouwd, voornamelijk voor hun fruit, en in mindere mate om vezels, bananenwijn en bananenbier te maken en als sierplant. De grootste bananenproducenten ter wereld in 2017 waren India en China, die samen goed waren voor ongeveer 38% van de totale productie.

A banana é uma fruta comestível alongada - botanicamente uma baga - produzida por vários tipos de grandes plantas com flores herbáceas do gênero Musa. Em alguns países, as bananas usadas para cozinhar podem ser chamadas de "bananas", o que as distingue das bananas de sobremesa. O fruto é variável em tamanho, cor e firmeza, mas geralmente é alongado e curvo, com polpa macia rica em amido coberta por uma casca que pode ser verde, amarela, vermelha, roxa ou marrom quando madura. Os frutos crescem em cachos pendurados no topo da planta. Quase todas as bananas modernas comestíveis sem sementes (partenocarpo) vêm de duas espécies selvagens - Musa acuminata e Musa balbisiana. Os nomes científicos da maioria das bananas cultivadas são Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana e Musa × paradisiaca para o híbrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, dependendo de sua constituição genômica. O antigo nome científico desse híbrido, Musa sapientum, não é mais usado. As espécies de Musa são nativas da Indomalaya tropical e da Austrália, e provavelmente foram domesticadas pela primeira vez na Papua-Nova Guiné. Eles são cultivados em 135 países, principalmente por suas frutas e, em menor grau, para fazer fibra, vinho de banana e cerveja de banana e como plantas ornamentais. Os maiores produtores mundiais de bananas em 2017 foram a Índia e a China, que juntos responderam por aproximadamente 38% da produção total.

Un plátano (Cambur o banano en Venezuela) es una fruta comestible alargada, botánicamente una baya, producida por varios tipos de grandes plantas herbáceas con flores del género Musa. En algunos países, los plátanos utilizados para cocinar pueden llamarse "plátanos", distinguiéndolos de los plátanos de postre. La fruta es variable en tamaño, color y firmeza, pero generalmente es alargada y curva, con pulpa blanda rica en almidón cubierta con una cáscara que puede ser verde, amarilla, roja, violeta o marrón cuando está madura. Los frutos crecen en racimos que cuelgan de la parte superior de la planta. Casi todos los plátanos comestibles sin semillas (partenocarpio) modernos provienen de dos especies silvestres: Musa acuminata y Musa balbisiana. Los nombres científicos de la mayoría de los bananos cultivados son Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana y Musa × paradisiaca para el híbrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, dependiendo de su constitución genómica. El antiguo nombre científico de este híbrido, Musa sapientum, ya no se usa. Las especies de Musa son nativas de las zonas tropicales de Indomalaya y Australia, y es probable que hayan sido domesticadas por primera vez en Papua Nueva Guinea. Se cultivan en 135 países, principalmente por su fruta, y en menor medida para producir fibra, vino de plátano y cerveza de plátano y como plantas ornamentales. Los mayores productores mundiales de banano en 2017 fueron India y China, que juntos representaron aproximadamente el 38% de la producción total.

Une banane est un fruit comestible allongé - botaniquement une baie - produit par plusieurs sortes de grandes plantes à fleurs herbacées du genre Musa. Dans certains pays, les bananes utilisées pour la cuisson peuvent être appelées « plantains », ce qui les distingue des bananes dessert. Le fruit est de taille, de couleur et de fermeté variables, mais il est généralement allongé et incurvé, avec une chair molle riche en amidon recouverte d'une croûte qui peut être verte, jaune, rouge, violette ou brune à maturité. Les fruits poussent en grappes suspendues au sommet de la plante. Presque toutes les bananes comestibles modernes sans pépins (parthénocarpe) proviennent de deux espèces sauvages : Musa acuminata et Musa balbisiana. Les noms scientifiques de la plupart des bananiers cultivés sont Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana et Musa × paradisiaca pour l'hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, en fonction de leur constitution génomique. L'ancien nom scientifique de cet hybride, Musa sapientum, n'est plus utilisé. Les espèces de Musa sont originaires de l'Indomalaya tropicale et de l'Australie et ont probablement été domestiquées pour la première fois en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée. Ils sont cultivés dans 135 pays, principalement pour leurs fruits, et dans une moindre mesure pour fabriquer des fibres, du vin de banane et de la bière de banane et comme plantes ornementales. Les plus grands producteurs mondiaux de bananes en 2017 étaient l'Inde et la Chine, qui représentaient ensemble environ 38 % de la production totale.

Una banana è un frutto allungato e commestibile, botanicamente una bacca, prodotto da diversi tipi di grandi piante erbacee da fiore del genere Musa. In alcuni paesi, le banane utilizzate per cucinare possono essere chiamate "platani", distinguendole dalle banane da dessert. Il frutto è variabile per dimensione, colore e consistenza, ma è generalmente allungato e ricurvo, con polpa morbida ricca di amido ricoperta da una scorza, che può essere verde, gialla, rossa, viola o marrone a maturità. I frutti crescono in grappoli appesi alla sommità della pianta. Quasi tutte le moderne banane commestibili senza semi (partenocarpo) provengono da due specie selvatiche: Musa acuminata e Musa balbisiana. I nomi scientifici delle banane più coltivate sono Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana e Musa × paradisiaca per l'ibrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, a seconda della loro costituzione genomica. Il vecchio nome scientifico di questo ibrido, Musa sapientum, non è più utilizzato. Le specie Musa sono originarie dell'Indomalaya tropicale e dell'Australia, ed è probabile che siano state addomesticate per la prima volta in Papua Nuova Guinea. Sono coltivati in 135 paesi, principalmente per i loro frutti, e in misura minore per produrre fibre, vino di banana e birra di banana e come piante ornamentali. I maggiori produttori mondiali di banane nel 2017 sono stati India e Cina, che insieme hanno rappresentato circa il 38% della produzione totale.

Eine Banane ist eine längliche, essbare Frucht – botanisch gesehen eine Beere – die von mehreren Arten großer krautiger Blütenpflanzen der Gattung Musa produziert wird. In einigen Ländern werden Bananen, die zum Kochen verwendet werden, als "Kochbananen" bezeichnet, was sie von Dessertbananen unterscheidet. Die Frucht ist unterschiedlich in Größe, Farbe und Festigkeit, aber normalerweise länglich und gebogen, mit weichem, stärkereichem Fruchtfleisch, das mit einer Rinde bedeckt ist, die im reifen Zustand grün, gelb, rot, violett oder braun sein kann. Die Früchte wachsen in Büscheln, die von der Spitze der Pflanze hängen. Fast alle modernen essbaren kernlosen Bananen (Parthenokarp) stammen von zwei Wildarten – Musa acuminata und Musa balbisiana. Die wissenschaftlichen Namen der am häufigsten angebauten Bananen sind Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana und Musa × paradisiaca für die Hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, abhängig von ihrer genomischen Konstitution. Der alte wissenschaftliche Name für diese Hybride, Musa sapientum, wird nicht mehr verwendet. Musa-Arten sind im tropischen Indomalaya und Australien beheimatet und wurden wahrscheinlich zuerst in Papua-Neuguinea domestiziert. Sie werden in 135 Ländern angebaut, hauptsächlich wegen ihrer Früchte und in geringerem Maße zur Herstellung von Ballaststoffen, Bananenwein und Bananenbier sowie als Zierpflanzen. Die weltweit größten Bananenproduzenten waren 2017 Indien und China, die zusammen etwa 38 % der Gesamtproduktion ausmachten.

‎الموز هو فاكهة مستطيلة صالحة للأكل - نباتية توت - تنتجها عدة أنواع من النباتات المزهرة العشبية الكبيرة في جنس موسى. في بعض البلدان ، قد يطلق على الموز المستخدم في الطهي اسم "الموز" ، مما يميزه عن الموز المصنوع من الحلوى. تختلف الثمار في الحجم واللون والصلابة ، ولكنها عادة ما تكون ممدودة ومنحنية ، ولحم ناعم غني بالنشا مغطى بقشرة قد تكون خضراء أو صفراء أو حمراء أو أرجوانية أو بنية عند النضج. تنمو الثمار في مجموعات تتدلى من أعلى النبات. تأتي جميع أنواع الموز الحديثة الصالحة للأكل (parthenocarp) من نوعين من الأنواع البرية - Musa acuminata و Musa balbisiana. الأسماء العلمية لمعظم أنواع الموز المزروعة هي Musa acuminata و Musa balbisiana و Musa × paradisiaca للهجين Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana ، اعتمادًا على تكوينها الجيني. لم يعد الاسم العلمي القديم لهذا الهجين ، Musa sapientum ، مستخدمًا. أنواع موسى موطنها إندومالايا الاستوائية وأستراليا ، ومن المحتمل أن تكون قد تم تدجينها لأول مرة في بابوا غينيا الجديدة. تزرع في 135 دولة ، في المقام الأول من أجل فواكهها ، وبدرجة أقل لتصنيع الألياف ونبيذ الموز وبيرة الموز ونباتات الزينة. كانت الهند والصين أكبر منتجي الموز في العالم في عام 2017 ، حيث شكلا معًا ما يقرب من 38 ٪ من إجمالي الإنتاج.

Always nice to be on the other side of the fence from a big fella like this. Around 1 tonne in weight, this guy could be quicker on his feet than you would think.

SN/NC: Musa acuminata, Syn. Musa Paradisiaca, Musaceae Family

A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguishing them from dessert bananas. The fruit is variable in size, color, and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind, which may be green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when ripe. The fruits grow in clusters hanging from the top of the plant. Almost all modern edible seedless (parthenocarp) bananas come from two wild species – Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. The scientific names of most cultivated bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, and Musa × paradisiaca for the hybrid Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. The old scientific name for this hybrid, Musa sapientum, is no longer used. Musa species are native to tropical Indomalaya and Australia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in Papua New Guinea. They are grown in 135 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine, and banana beer and as ornamental plants. The world's largest producers of bananas in 2017 were India and China, which together accounted for approximately 38% of total production. Worldwide, there is no sharp distinction between "bananas" and "plantains". Especially in the Americas and Europe, "banana" usually refers to soft, sweet, dessert bananas, particularly those of the Cavendish group, which are the main exports from banana-growing countries. By contrast, Musa cultivars with firmer, starchier fruit are called "plantains". In other regions, such as Southeast Asia, many more kinds of banana are grown and eaten, so the binary distinction is not useful and is not made in local languages.

The term "banana" is also used as the common name for the plants that produce the fruit. This can extend to other members of the genus Musa, such as the scarlet banana (Musa coccinea), the pink banana (Musa velutina), and the Fe'i bananas. It can also refer to members of the genus Ensete, such as the snow banana (Ensete glaucum) and the economically important false banana (Ensete ventricosum). Both genera are in the banana family, Musaceae.

Een banaan is een langwerpige, eetbare vrucht - botanisch een bes - geproduceerd door verschillende soorten grote kruidachtige bloeiende planten in het geslacht Musa. In sommige landen kunnen bananen die voor het koken worden gebruikt "plantains" worden genoemd, waarmee ze zich onderscheiden van dessertbananen. De vrucht is variabel in grootte, kleur en stevigheid, maar is meestal langwerpig en gebogen, met zacht vruchtvlees dat rijk is aan zetmeel en bedekt is met een schil, die groen, geel, rood, paars of bruin kan zijn als ze rijp zijn. De vruchten groeien in trossen die aan de bovenkant van de plant hangen. Bijna alle moderne eetbare pitloze (parthenocarp) bananen zijn afkomstig van twee wilde soorten: Musa acuminata en Musa balbisiana. De wetenschappelijke namen van de meeste gecultiveerde bananen zijn Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana en Musa × paradisiaca voor de hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, afhankelijk van hun genomische constitutie. De oude wetenschappelijke naam voor deze hybride, Musa sapientum, wordt niet meer gebruikt. Musa-soorten zijn inheems in het tropische Indomalaya en Australië, en zijn waarschijnlijk voor het eerst gedomesticeerd in Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea. Ze worden in 135 landen verbouwd, voornamelijk voor hun fruit, en in mindere mate om vezels, bananenwijn en bananenbier te maken en als sierplant. De grootste bananenproducenten ter wereld in 2017 waren India en China, die samen goed waren voor ongeveer 38% van de totale productie.

A banana é uma fruta comestível alongada - botanicamente uma baga - produzida por vários tipos de grandes plantas com flores herbáceas do gênero Musa. Em alguns países, as bananas usadas para cozinhar podem ser chamadas de "bananas", o que as distingue das bananas de sobremesa. O fruto é variável em tamanho, cor e firmeza, mas geralmente é alongado e curvo, com polpa macia rica em amido coberta por uma casca que pode ser verde, amarela, vermelha, roxa ou marrom quando madura. Os frutos crescem em cachos pendurados no topo da planta. Quase todas as bananas modernas comestíveis sem sementes (partenocarpo) vêm de duas espécies selvagens - Musa acuminata e Musa balbisiana. Os nomes científicos da maioria das bananas cultivadas são Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana e Musa × paradisiaca para o híbrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, dependendo de sua constituição genômica. O antigo nome científico desse híbrido, Musa sapientum, não é mais usado. As espécies de Musa são nativas da Indomalaya tropical e da Austrália, e provavelmente foram domesticadas pela primeira vez na Papua-Nova Guiné. Eles são cultivados em 135 países, principalmente por suas frutas e, em menor grau, para fazer fibra, vinho de banana e cerveja de banana e como plantas ornamentais. Os maiores produtores mundiais de bananas em 2017 foram a Índia e a China, que juntos responderam por aproximadamente 38% da produção total.

Un plátano (Cambur o banano en Venezuela) es una fruta comestible alargada, botánicamente una baya, producida por varios tipos de grandes plantas herbáceas con flores del género Musa. En algunos países, los plátanos utilizados para cocinar pueden llamarse "plátanos", distinguiéndolos de los plátanos de postre. La fruta es variable en tamaño, color y firmeza, pero generalmente es alargada y curva, con pulpa blanda rica en almidón cubierta con una cáscara que puede ser verde, amarilla, roja, violeta o marrón cuando está madura. Los frutos crecen en racimos que cuelgan de la parte superior de la planta. Casi todos los plátanos comestibles sin semillas (partenocarpio) modernos provienen de dos especies silvestres: Musa acuminata y Musa balbisiana. Los nombres científicos de la mayoría de los bananos cultivados son Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana y Musa × paradisiaca para el híbrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, dependiendo de su constitución genómica. El antiguo nombre científico de este híbrido, Musa sapientum, ya no se usa. Las especies de Musa son nativas de las zonas tropicales de Indomalaya y Australia, y es probable que hayan sido domesticadas por primera vez en Papua Nueva Guinea. Se cultivan en 135 países, principalmente por su fruta, y en menor medida para producir fibra, vino de plátano y cerveza de plátano y como plantas ornamentales. Los mayores productores mundiales de banano en 2017 fueron India y China, que juntos representaron aproximadamente el 38% de la producción total.

Une banane est un fruit comestible allongé - botaniquement une baie - produit par plusieurs sortes de grandes plantes à fleurs herbacées du genre Musa. Dans certains pays, les bananes utilisées pour la cuisson peuvent être appelées « plantains », ce qui les distingue des bananes dessert. Le fruit est de taille, de couleur et de fermeté variables, mais il est généralement allongé et incurvé, avec une chair molle riche en amidon recouverte d'une croûte qui peut être verte, jaune, rouge, violette ou brune à maturité. Les fruits poussent en grappes suspendues au sommet de la plante. Presque toutes les bananes comestibles modernes sans pépins (parthénocarpe) proviennent de deux espèces sauvages : Musa acuminata et Musa balbisiana. Les noms scientifiques de la plupart des bananiers cultivés sont Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana et Musa × paradisiaca pour l'hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, en fonction de leur constitution génomique. L'ancien nom scientifique de cet hybride, Musa sapientum, n'est plus utilisé. Les espèces de Musa sont originaires de l'Indomalaya tropicale et de l'Australie et ont probablement été domestiquées pour la première fois en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée. Ils sont cultivés dans 135 pays, principalement pour leurs fruits, et dans une moindre mesure pour fabriquer des fibres, du vin de banane et de la bière de banane et comme plantes ornementales. Les plus grands producteurs mondiaux de bananes en 2017 étaient l'Inde et la Chine, qui représentaient ensemble environ 38 % de la production totale.

Una banana è un frutto allungato e commestibile, botanicamente una bacca, prodotto da diversi tipi di grandi piante erbacee da fiore del genere Musa. In alcuni paesi, le banane utilizzate per cucinare possono essere chiamate "platani", distinguendole dalle banane da dessert. Il frutto è variabile per dimensione, colore e consistenza, ma è generalmente allungato e ricurvo, con polpa morbida ricca di amido ricoperta da una scorza, che può essere verde, gialla, rossa, viola o marrone a maturità. I frutti crescono in grappoli appesi alla sommità della pianta. Quasi tutte le moderne banane commestibili senza semi (partenocarpo) provengono da due specie selvatiche: Musa acuminata e Musa balbisiana. I nomi scientifici delle banane più coltivate sono Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana e Musa × paradisiaca per l'ibrido Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, a seconda della loro costituzione genomica. Il vecchio nome scientifico di questo ibrido, Musa sapientum, non è più utilizzato. Le specie Musa sono originarie dell'Indomalaya tropicale e dell'Australia, ed è probabile che siano state addomesticate per la prima volta in Papua Nuova Guinea. Sono coltivati in 135 paesi, principalmente per i loro frutti, e in misura minore per produrre fibre, vino di banana e birra di banana e come piante ornamentali. I maggiori produttori mondiali di banane nel 2017 sono stati India e Cina, che insieme hanno rappresentato circa il 38% della produzione totale.

Eine Banane ist eine längliche, essbare Frucht – botanisch gesehen eine Beere – die von mehreren Arten großer krautiger Blütenpflanzen der Gattung Musa produziert wird. In einigen Ländern werden Bananen, die zum Kochen verwendet werden, als "Kochbananen" bezeichnet, was sie von Dessertbananen unterscheidet. Die Frucht ist unterschiedlich in Größe, Farbe und Festigkeit, aber normalerweise länglich und gebogen, mit weichem, stärkereichem Fruchtfleisch, das mit einer Rinde bedeckt ist, die im reifen Zustand grün, gelb, rot, violett oder braun sein kann. Die Früchte wachsen in Büscheln, die von der Spitze der Pflanze hängen. Fast alle modernen essbaren kernlosen Bananen (Parthenokarp) stammen von zwei Wildarten – Musa acuminata und Musa balbisiana. Die wissenschaftlichen Namen der am häufigsten angebauten Bananen sind Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana und Musa × paradisiaca für die Hybride Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, abhängig von ihrer genomischen Konstitution. Der alte wissenschaftliche Name für diese Hybride, Musa sapientum, wird nicht mehr verwendet. Musa-Arten sind im tropischen Indomalaya und Australien beheimatet und wurden wahrscheinlich zuerst in Papua-Neuguinea domestiziert. Sie werden in 135 Ländern angebaut, hauptsächlich wegen ihrer Früchte und in geringerem Maße zur Herstellung von Ballaststoffen, Bananenwein und Bananenbier sowie als Zierpflanzen. Die weltweit größten Bananenproduzenten waren 2017 Indien und China, die zusammen etwa 38 % der Gesamtproduktion ausmachten.

‎الموز هو فاكهة مستطيلة صالحة للأكل - نباتية توت - تنتجها عدة أنواع من النباتات المزهرة العشبية الكبيرة في جنس موسى. في بعض البلدان ، قد يطلق على الموز المستخدم في الطهي اسم "الموز" ، مما يميزه عن الموز المصنوع من الحلوى. تختلف الثمار في الحجم واللون والصلابة ، ولكنها عادة ما تكون ممدودة ومنحنية ، ولحم ناعم غني بالنشا مغطى بقشرة قد تكون خضراء أو صفراء أو حمراء أو أرجوانية أو بنية عند النضج. تنمو الثمار في مجموعات تتدلى من أعلى النبات. تأتي جميع أنواع الموز الحديثة الصالحة للأكل (parthenocarp) من نوعين من الأنواع البرية - Musa acuminata و Musa balbisiana. الأسماء العلمية لمعظم أنواع الموز المزروعة هي Musa acuminata و Musa balbisiana و Musa × paradisiaca للهجين Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana ، اعتمادًا على تكوينها الجيني. لم يعد الاسم العلمي القديم لهذا الهجين ، Musa sapientum ، مستخدمًا. أنواع موسى موطنها إندومالايا الاستوائية وأستراليا ، ومن المحتمل أن تكون قد تم تدجينها لأول مرة في بابوا غينيا الجديدة. تزرع في 135 دولة ، في المقام الأول من أجل فواكهها ، وبدرجة أقل لتصنيع الألياف ونبيذ الموز وبيرة الموز ونباتات الزينة. كانت الهند والصين أكبر منتجي الموز في العالم في عام 2017 ، حيث شكلا معًا ما يقرب من 38 ٪ من إجمالي الإنتاج.

but these are the travertine terraces made of carbonate minerals precipitated out of flowing water.

The Romans founded the ancient hot springs spa town of Hierapolis in this area in the 3rd century BC.

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close up of a fused glass sculpture by Pat Isaacson

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On the micro level, there are the curves and folds in the stromatolites, at the macro level, there are the curves and folds in Cirque Mountain (2993 m). The mountain was first climbed in 1899, the stromatolites were not reported until 2004. You can satisfy your curiosity about stromatolites viewing my blog

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highway 680 - pleasanton, california

I haven't got out to get any new shots lately, so I thought I would go back to my archives. This is one of the many lakes on the trail through Plitvice Lakes National Park in Croatia.

I wrote in detail about the science of Plitvice Lakes in part 4 of my blog Seeking Science along the Adriatic Coast .

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