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Autre version: www.flickr.com/photos/regisa/53170919626/in/photolist-2p1...
"Vue du ciel, Rocroi apparaît au coeur d'une étoile à dix branches. Au sol, cette petite ville du 16ème siècle s'ordonne autour d'une grande place d'armes (et de l'église); le tout entouré d'une enceinte fortifiée. Du solide !
La place forte fut renforcée en 1675 par Vauban, qui conserva le plan en étoile et y fit construire des bâtiments militaires. Grâce à ce dispositif, les troupes intervenaient rapidement sur les bastions et courtines en partant de la place centrale où convergent dix rues.
Rocroi fut notamment le siège d'une célèbre bataille contre l'armée espagnole des Flandres en 1643." (Guide Vert MIchelin)
Resolutely forward-looking thousand-year-old city(estate), La Rochelle is a beautiful and generous city which conjugates the conservation of an exceptional natural and architectural heritage and an innovative, reasoned and harmonious development of its territory.
Nested at the heart of the Atlantic facade, she(it) knew how to make of her(its) maritime anchoring a great(tremendous) asset(trump card) of economic, tourist and cultural development.
Capital of Charente-Maritime, with her 79 521 inhabitants, her matters(counts) among the most attractive and the most dynamic cities of France.
Cité millénaire résolument tournée vers l’avenir, La Rochelle est une ville belle et généreuse qui conjugue la préservation d’un patrimoine naturel et architectural exceptionnel et un développement innovant, raisonné et harmonieux de son territoire.
Nichée au cœur de la façade atlantique, elle a su faire de son ancrage maritime un formidable atout de développement économique, touristique et culturel.
Capitale de la Charente-Maritime, avec ses 79 521 habitants, elle compte parmi les villes les plus attractives et les plus dynamiques de France.
Sion (Valais-Suisse)
Ruines du château-fort de Tourbillon (XIIIéme-XIVème siècles) et ses vignes du Valais.
Résidence des princes-évêques de Sion au Moyen-Age et au-delà (voir commentaire général sur photo "Fortifications 1")
Détruit en 1788 par un incendie, il ne reste aujourd’hui plus que le beau squelette du château.
Vue depuis la colline de Valère
Restormel Castle lies by the River Fowey near Lostwithiel in Cornwall, England, UK. It is one of the four chief Norman castles of Cornwall, the others being Launceston, Tintagel and Trematon. The castle is notable for its perfectly circular design. Although once a luxurious residence of the Earl of Cornwall, the castle was all but ruined by the 16th century. It was briefly reoccupied and fought over during the English Civil War but was subsequently abandoned. It is now under the supervision of the English Heritage and open to the public.
Restormel Castle is an unusually well-preserved example of a circular shell keep, a rare type of fortification built during a short period in the 12th and early 13th centuries. Only 71 examples are known in England and Wales, of which Restormel Castle is the most intact. Such castles were built by converting a wooden motte-and-bailey castle through replacing the external palisade with a stone wall and filling the internal bailey with domestic stone buildings, clustered around the inside of the wall to form a defensive bailey; the buildings are curved to fit into the shell keep, in an extreme example of the 13th-century trend.
The wall measures 125 ft in diameter and is up to 8 ft thick. It still stands to its full height with a wall walk 25 ft above the ground, and the battlemented parapet is also reasonably intact. The wall is surrounded in turn by a ditch measuring 50 ft) by 13 ft deep. Both the wall and the internal buildings were constructed from slate, which appears to have been quarried from the scarp face north-east of the castle.
The domestic buildings within the wall included a kitchen, hall, solar, guest chambers, and an ante-chapel. Water from a natural spring was piped under pressure into the castle buildings. A square gate tower, largely ruined, guards the entrance to the inner castle, and may have been the first part of the original castle to have been partially constructed in stone.
The castle appears to stand upon a motte; its massive walls were, unusually for the period, sunk deep into the original motte. The effect is heightened by a surrounding ringwork, subsequently filled in on the inner side so as to appear to heap against the castle wall.
Restormel was part of the fiefdom of the Norman magnate Robert, Count of Mortain, located within the manor of Bodardle in the parish of Lanlivery. Restormel Castle was probably originally built after the Norman conquest of England as a motte and bailey castle around 1100 by Baldwin Fitz Turstin, the local sheriff. Baldwin's descendants continued to hold the manor as vassals and tenants of the Earls of Cornwall for nearly 200 years.
The castle overlooked the primary crossing point over the River Fowey, a key tactical location; it may have been originally intended for use as a hunting lodge as well as a fortification, however.
Mont Dauphin, Hautes Alpes, France
At the confluence of Durance and Guil rivers, overlooking the impressive canyon of the latter flowing down from Queyras valley, Mont-Dauphin is one of the many places fortified by Vauban in the second half of the 17th century. In 2008, the place forte of Mont-Dauphin, was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as part of the "Fortifications of Vauban" group.
Mont-Dauphin est située sur un plateau rocheux qui surplombe le confluent des vallées de la Durance, du Guil et du torrent de la Chagne.Mont Dauphin est une des places fortes fortifiees par Vauban durant la deuxieme partie du XVII eme siecle. Membre du Réseau des sites majeurs de Vauban, Mont-Dauphin est inscrite sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO depuis 2008.
ref: Wikipedia
Bethlehem Tower, also called "LIOZ", a 16th-century fortification, point of embarkation and disembarkation for Portuguese explorers and a ceremonial gateway to Lisbon.
Pedrouços, Santa Maria de Belém
Mehrangarh Fort, located in Jodhpur, Rajasthan is one of the largest forts in India.
The fort is situated 400 feet (122 m) above the city and is enclosed by imposing thick walls. Inside its boundaries there are several palaces known for their intricate carvings and expansive courtyards. A winding road leads to and from the city below. The imprints of cannonball hits by attacking armies of Jaipur can still be seen on the second gate. To the left of the fort is the chhatri of Kirat Singh Soda, a soldier who fell on the spot defending the Mehrangarh fort.
There are seven gates, which include Jayapol (meaning 'victory'), built by Maharaja Man Singh to commemorate his victories over Jaipur and Bikaner armies. Fattehpol (also meaning 'victory') gate was built by Maharaja Ajit Singh to mark the defeat of the Mughals. The palm imprints upon these still attract much attention even today.
The museum in the Mehrangarh fort is one of the most well-stocked museums in Rajasthan. In one section of the fort museum there is a selection of old royal palanquins, including the elaborate domed gilt Mahadol palanquin which was won in a battle from the Governor of Gujarat in 1730. The museum exhibits the heritage of the Rathores in arms, costumes, paintings and decorated period rooms.
Bex, vaud
La plus grande partie des fortifications
a été restaurée.
Les Fortifications de Dufour peuvent être visités gratuitement et librement.
a nice opaque/pastel fortification agate from Queensland, Australia and one I purchased from BA.com, a couple of years ago.
The beauty of coldness. A sunrise in February gives the light, but the warmth is not there.
Savonlinna, Savonia, Finland.
The Cittadella, also known as the Castello is a citadel in Victoria on the island of Gozo, Malta. The area has been inhabited since the Bronze Age, and the site now occupied by the Cittadella is believed to have been the acropolis of the Punic-Roman city of Gaulos or Glauconis Civitas.
During the medieval period, the acropolis was converted into a castle which served as a refuge for Gozo's population. A suburb began to develop outside its walls by the 15th century, and this area now forms the historic core of Victoria. The castle's defences were obsolete by the 16th century, and it was sacked by an Ottoman force in 1551, with most of Gozo's population being captured and enslaved.
A major reconstruction of the southern walls of the Cittadella was undertaken between 1599 and 1622, effectively transforming it from a medieval castle into a gunpowder fortress. Its northern walls were not rebuilt, and today they still retain a largely medieval form. The new fortifications were criticized in later decades, and plans to demolish the entire citadel were made a number of times in the 17th and 18th centuries, but were never carried out.
The Cittadella contains a number of churches and historic buildings, including the Cathedral of the Assumption, which was built between 1697 and 1711 on the site of an earlier church. The citadel has been included on Malta's tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1998.
Fort McClary State Historic Site is a former defensive fortification located along the southern coast at Kittery Point Maine at the mouth of the Piscataqua River. Kittery Point is a census-designated place in the town of Kittery, York County, Maine. Print Size 13x19 inches.
Hadrian's Wall was a defensive fortification in Roman Britain built between AD 122 and AD126, during the rule of the eponymous Emperor Hadrian. It stretched some 120km between the Solway Firth in the west to the Tyne Estuary east.
The wall was built by the three legions stationed in Britain at the time – the II Augusta, the VI Victrix and the XX Valeria Victrix. Work commenced with the construction of the wall’s Milecastles, which would be located at regular intervals of one Roman Mile (approx. 1.5km), and turrets, two between each Milecastle. The wall itself was then built between the Milecastles and turrets joining them together. The wall was also enclosed by a V-shaped ditch to the north and another ditch and attendant earthworks to the south; the latter feature being known as the Vallum.
Once complete, each Milecastle contained a barracks and facilities for cooking and storage They were not however garrisoned by the legions, instead it was the responsibility of Rome’s auxiliary cohorts to man the wall. The size of a Milecastle’s garrison would often vary in number, up to a maximum of 64 troops.
Sus murallas, de los siglos XII y XIII, son de mampostería rematadas por almenas y de trecho en trecho reforzadas con cubos semicilíndricos. Está recorrida por un camino de adarve y cuenta con dos puertas. En el año 2007 la villa fué declarada "Villa del Libro".
Urueña, walled village.
Ramparts of the 12th and 13th centuries, are masonry finished off with battlements and stretch on stretch reinforced with abutments cubes. It is traveled along a path of adarve and has two gates. In 2007 the village was declared "Village of the book".
Valladolid. Castilla y León. España.
The centre of Bardejov is a rectangular square with an area of 260 x 80 meters. It is therefore built on a sort of irregular chessboard plan.
The square is surrounded on three sides by a row of typical narrow burgher houses. On the northern side of the square, there is the dominant of the city - Basilicia minor of St. Giles, joined with the Renaissance building of the former Municipal Humanitarian School
The indescribable atmosphere of the Bardejov square is enhanced by its representative 16th century town hall building, built in Gothic-Renaissance style. It houses an exhibition of the Šariš Museum dedicated to the history of the town.
HERE THE PANORAMA OF THE OLD TOWN INSIDE THE WALLS: on the background you can see part of the medieval walls and the Iberici Hills....
Cittadella
is a small town (population 18,000) in the Veneto region of north-east Italy, in the province of Padua (Provincia di Padova). It is notable for its remarkable medieval fortifications - the centre of town is enclosed within a tall circular wall, studded with towers and ringed by a moat. It was constructed for military purposes by the Commune of Padua in 1220, not long after their rival city Treviso constructed similar - but square - fortifications at nearby Castelfranco Veneto.
For more informations:
www.italyheaven.co.uk/veneto/cittadella.html
Cittadella was erected in 1220, at the time of the wars between the communes, by order of the city of Padua in order to build a fortified outpost that would defend its territory.
It was built in successive stages in a polygonal shape on orthogonal axes through the construction of 32 large and small towers, with the formation of a protective moat and with four drawbridges next to the four entrance gates.
Its walls, 14 to 16 metres (46 to 52 ft) tall, were built with the "box masonry": two parallel walls filled with a sturdy core of stones and hot slaked lime totaling a thickness of about 2.10 metres (6.9 ft).
The walls today are all intact except for a stretch destroyed in the 16th century during the Cambrai war, and the skilled detail of the construction are still easily visible. It has as many as seven different construction techniques characterized by the alteration of courses in brick and those in river rocks mixed with brick can be recognized.
For the Restoration of the fortified system:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cittadella
FOR THE PLACE:
wikimapia.org/#lang=it&lat=45.648488&lon=11.78463...
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Jaisalmer, nicknamed the Golden City. The princely state whose city was the capital, was integrated into India in 1949, after the partition of India/Pakistan-1947, and the 1st Indo-Pakistani War 1949.
After the Danish conquest in 1219 the town became known in the German, Swedish and Danish languages as Reval (Latin: Revalia). The name originated from (Latin) Revelia (Estonian) Revala or Rävala, the adjacent ancient name of the surrounding Estonian county.
Lately I've enjoyed piecing together panoramic shots as a way to bring more information into the frame. This is a vertical panorama of two images, pieced together at the brick line.
The WWII German Fortification MP3 tower stands in a commanding position on the cliffs on the northwest coast of Jersey, Channel Islands. It is part of the Batterie Moltke fortification complex.
Spinalonga – a tiny rocky island that lays a stone’s throw from the village of Plaka on the east coast of Crete. During Venetian rule, it served as a military stronghold but in 1904, after the Cretans evicted the Turks from Spinalonga, the island was transformed into a leper colony and it remained so till 1957. The Greek government, wanting to erase any trace of the colony’s existence, burned all its files and the surviving lepers refused to speak of their experiences. For years it was as if Spinalonga had never existed.
Then, in 2005, came ‘The Island’, a best-selling novel by Victoria Hislop who portrayed the life on Spinalonga in a much more positive and personal way. Since then, large number of tourists visit the island.
In order to avoid the crowds, I planned to take the earliest local boat from Plaka. Being an early bird pays off sometimes and I was lucky enough to be offered a ‘lift’ to the island with local workers so was there by 8.30…a whole hour and a half before anyone else! I had the entire island to myself to explore in peace and quiet... talk about right place, right time.
Il castello scaligero di Sirmione è una rocca di epoca scaligera, unico punto d'accesso al centro storico di Sirmione. Si tratta di uno fra i più completi e meglio conservati castelli d'Italia, oltre che raro esempio di fortificazione lacustre. Ha un particolare molto importante: si affaccia sul Lago di Garda e la darsena ne contiene una piccola parte. Per entrare nel castello è obbligatorio (non vi sono altre entrate) passare dal ponte levatoio, la fortezza è infatti costeggiata da tutti i lati dal Lago di Garda.
La costruzione della rocca ebbe inizio intorno alla metà del XIII secolo, probabilmente sui resti di una fortificazione romana. La sua realizzazione venne ordinata dal podestà di Verona Leonardino della Scala, meglio conosciuto come Mastino I della Scala. La funzione del castello era quella difensiva e di controllo portuale, poiché la città di Sirmione, trovandosi in una posizione di confine, era maggiormente esposta ad aggressioni.
The Scaliger Castle (13th century). This is a rare example of medieval port fortification, which was used by the Scaliger fleet. The building of this complex started in 1277 by Mastino della Scala. It presents the typical Ghibelline swallowtail merlons and the curtain-walls (with three corner towers) in pebbles alternating with two horizontal bands of brick courses. The walls on the inside were finished with plaster with graffiti, simulating blocks of stone. The castle stands at a strategic place at the entrance to the peninsula. It is surrounded by a moat and it can only be entered by two drawbridges. The caste was established mainly as a protection against enemies, but also against the locals.
The fortifications of Naarden date back to the 17th century. This kazerne (barracks) was built in 1875-77. Nowadays there are a restaurant and offices in the old building.
blog.english-heritage.org.uk/longest-siege-english-history/
Kenilworth Castle is located in the town of the same name in Warwickshire, England. Constructed from Norman through to Tudor times, the castle has been described by architectural historian Anthony Emery as "the finest surviving example of a semi-royal palace of the later middle ages, significant for its scale, form and quality of workmanship".[1] Kenilworth has also played an important historical role. The castle was the subject of the six-month long Siege of Kenilworth in 1266, believed to be the longest siege in English history, and formed a base for Lancastrian operations in the Wars of the Roses. Kenilworth was also the scene of the removal of Edward II from the English throne, the French insult to Henry V in 1414 (said by John Strecche to have encouraged the Agincourt campaign), and the Earl of Leicester's lavish reception of Elizabeth I in 1575.
The castle was built over several centuries. Founded in the 1120s around a powerful Norman great tower, the castle was significantly enlarged by King John at the beginning of the 13th century. Huge water defences were created by damming the local streams and the resulting fortifications proved able to withstand assaults by land and water in 1266. John of Gaunt spent lavishly in the late 14th century, turning the medieval castle into a palace fortress designed in the latest perpendicular style. The Earl of Leicester then expanded the castle once again, constructing new Tudor buildings and exploiting the medieval heritage of Kenilworth to produce a fashionable Renaissance palace.
Kenilworth was partly destroyed by Parliamentary forces in 1649 to prevent it being used as a military stronghold. Ruined, only two of its buildings remain habitable today. The castle became a tourist destination from the 18th century onwards, becoming famous in the Victorian period following the publishing of Sir Walter Scott's novel Kenilworth in 1826. English Heritage has managed the castle since 1984. The castle is classed as a Grade I listed building and as a Scheduled Monument, and is open to the public.
This agate is about the size of my hand and I decided to ground the crown off, which was already chipped, to see how the color and fortifications would look. I collected this one on November 14, 2007 at Tapado and may work on it a little more.