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national historic site
For more than 30 years Fort Bowie and Apache Pass were the focal point of military operations eventually culminating in the surrender of Geronimo in 1886 and the banishment of the Chiricahuas to Florida, Alabama, and later Oklahoma. It was the site of the Bascom Affair, a wagon train massacre, and the Battle of Apache Pass, where a large force of Chiricahua Apaches under Mangus Colorados and Cochise fought the California Volunteers.
the Heliograph.
In April 1886, Brigadier General Nelson Miles was assigned the command of the Department of Arizona replacing Brigadier General George Crook. Miles' first assignment was to capture or secure the surrender of the Apache leader, Geronimo. By utilizing troops in the field, and a new instrument- the heliograph- Miles hoped to succeed where his predecessor failed.
Through advancement in the field of communication, the U.S. Army Signal Corps adapted inventions such as the telegraph for military uses. One such device that saw prominent use in the southwest was the heliograph.
The heliograph was the invention of a British engineer who attached a mirror to surveying equipment in order to redirect a beam of light on distant points. Through the use of sunlight, mirrors, and a keying system to interrupt the signal, flashes could be thrown on and off a receiving station. The duration of flashes corresponded to the dots and dashes used in Morse Code.
The American version of the heliograph differed from the British in that the Americans favored a fixed, square mirror, and the British used a tilting, round mirror to produce the 'flash'. The square mirror created 25% more reflecting surface (creating a brighter flash) for the same amount of packing weight.
If needed, the heliograph could also reflect moonlight, but were generally closed at nightfall. The device also saw intermittent use during the monsoon seasons. The greatest distance recorded between points utilizing the heliograph was 183 miles between mountains in Colorado and Utah. General Miles first used the heliograph in Montana in 1878, and realized mountainous terrain, clear atmosphere, and plenty of sunlight would make it easily adaptable in his pursuit of Geronimo.
By August of 1886, Miles was utilizing 23 heliograph stations in Arizona and New Mexico, with each station approximately 25 miles apart. The Bowie Peak Station kept a camp of five men: three operators and two guards. The crews were rotated periodically to, "...reduce monotony and promote efficiency..." and were supplied by pack mules over a 2.5 mile trail.
The Fort Bowie (#1) and Bowie Peak (#2) stations were headquarters of the system, as they were centrally located. In addition to relaying messages to other stations, a telegraph line ran down to the Adjunct's Office at the fort. When a message was
received of a logistical nature, resupply, etc. its contents would be telegraphed to the fort for action. During the final campaign against Geronimo, station #2 dispatched 334 messages. This was the exact scenario in June 1886. Captain Henry Lawton left Fort Huachuca and entered Mexico on May 8, but returned within a month when he was informed that the Apaches were north of the border.
On June 5, the heliograph station at Antelope Springs observed and reported the Apaches moving south toward Mexico. The message was transmitted to Forts Bowie and Huachuca and relayed to Lawton's command, via courier, who was currently at Calabasas. Lawton sent four detachments in pursuit. Lt. Robert Walsh, 4th Calvary, surprised the raiders in their camp in the Patagonia Mountains, capturing their stock and equipment. This was the last Apache raid into the United States, and the only time the heliograph system intercepted a party of warriors.
As Apaches were reluctant to travel at night, the heliograph provided a barrier to mobility. The effectiveness of the heliograph was best stated by Lt. Stephen Fuller, architect and engineer of the system: "From the time that the heliograph was put into a particular section of the country, it was noticed that the Indians were never again seen in the vicinity...".
national historic site
For more than 30 years Fort Bowie and Apache Pass were the focal point of military operations eventually culminating in the surrender of Geronimo in 1886 and the banishment of the Chiricahuas to Florida, Alabama, and later Oklahoma. It was the site of the Bascom Affair, a wagon train massacre, and the Battle of Apache Pass, where a large force of Chiricahua Apaches under Mangus Colorados and Cochise fought the California Volunteers.
the Heliograph.
In April 1886, Brigadier General Nelson Miles was assigned the command of the Department of Arizona replacing Brigadier General George Crook. Miles' first assignment was to capture or secure the surrender of the Apache leader, Geronimo. By utilizing troops in the field, and a new instrument- the heliograph- Miles hoped to succeed where his predecessor failed.
Through advancement in the field of communication, the U.S. Army Signal Corps adapted inventions such as the telegraph for military uses. One such device that saw prominent use in the southwest was the heliograph.
The heliograph was the invention of a British engineer who attached a mirror to surveying equipment in order to redirect a beam of light on distant points. Through the use of sunlight, mirrors, and a keying system to interrupt the signal, flashes could be thrown on and off a receiving station. The duration of flashes corresponded to the dots and dashes used in Morse Code.
The American version of the heliograph differed from the British in that the Americans favored a fixed, square mirror, and the British used a tilting, round mirror to produce the 'flash'. The square mirror created 25% more reflecting surface (creating a brighter flash) for the same amount of packing weight.
If needed, the heliograph could also reflect moonlight, but were generally closed at nightfall. The device also saw intermittent use during the monsoon seasons. The greatest distance recorded between points utilizing the heliograph was 183 miles between mountains in Colorado and Utah. General Miles first used the heliograph in Montana in 1878, and realized mountainous terrain, clear atmosphere, and plenty of sunlight would make it easily adaptable in his pursuit of Geronimo.
By August of 1886, Miles was utilizing 23 heliograph stations in Arizona and New Mexico, with each station approximately 25 miles apart. The Bowie Peak Station kept a camp of five men: three operators and two guards. The crews were rotated periodically to, "...reduce monotony and promote efficiency..." and were supplied by pack mules over a 2.5 mile trail.
The Fort Bowie (#1) and Bowie Peak (#2) stations were headquarters of the system, as they were centrally located. In addition to relaying messages to other stations, a telegraph line ran down to the Adjunct's Office at the fort. When a message was
received of a logistical nature, resupply, etc. its contents would be telegraphed to the fort for action. During the final campaign against Geronimo, station #2 dispatched 334 messages. This was the exact scenario in June 1886. Captain Henry Lawton left Fort Huachuca and entered Mexico on May 8, but returned within a month when he was informed that the Apaches were north of the border.
On June 5, the heliograph station at Antelope Springs observed and reported the Apaches moving south toward Mexico. The message was transmitted to Forts Bowie and Huachuca and relayed to Lawton's command, via courier, who was currently at Calabasas. Lawton sent four detachments in pursuit. Lt. Robert Walsh, 4th Calvary, surprised the raiders in their camp in the Patagonia Mountains, capturing their stock and equipment. This was the last Apache raid into the United States, and the only time the heliograph system intercepted a party of warriors.
As Apaches were reluctant to travel at night, the heliograph provided a barrier to mobility. The effectiveness of the heliograph was best stated by Lt. Stephen Fuller, architect and engineer of the system: "From the time that the heliograph was put into a particular section of the country, it was noticed that the Indians were never again seen in the vicinity...".
con elnorteño armando los stencil para la campaña de puma y su lanzamiento de las 917 mañana en capital.
Approfonndisci: aliveuniverse.today/speciale-missioni/marte/orbiter/exoma...
Crediti: ESA/Roscosmos/CaSSIS - Processing: Elisabetta Bonora & Marco Faccin / aliveuniverse.today
ahi estaremos el fin de semana pintando en vivo, compartiendo el espacio con muchos artistas y diseñadores.
saludos!
Phobia - Spider fears human
Panic Symptoms
Churning stomach, rapid heart beat, weakness, paralysis, cold sweat
Pen pencil and watercolour on paper
Oct 2013
con el norteño pintando el set para el programa de television "codigo urbano" que se emite por el nuevo canal "quiero musica en mi idioma".
Mais um para a lista dos preferidos! Uma camada do Brisas e uma camada do Fobos... ficou lindooooo!! Não me lembro de ter visto uma cor assim nunca!! Apaixonei S2!
nuestro regalo para lidia.
buenas vibras y sigan creciendo!
www.flickr.com/photos/estudiomutante/
ahora solo nos falta ir alla a firmarlo :D
Passei o Rosette embaixo do Fobos, deu um aspecto jelly, adorei!
Durabilidade média, brilho duradouro.
Buenas! Aquí Patiño y Fobos reportándose para comentarles como viene la movida para el fin de semana.
Este sábado a partir del mediodía están todos invitados a unirse a la intervención del Complejo Submundo, un espacio para artistas independientes, ubicado en la calle Bulnes 638 del barrio de Almagro, Capital Federal.
Un poco de info sobre submundo:
El complejo cuenta con 1500 metros cuadrados donde se albergan 33 oficinas dedicadas al rubro del arte, podemos encontrar desde escuelas de teatro, pasando por talleres de artistas plásticos a estudios de diseño.
También podemos encontrar varios espacios en común para comodidad de los inquilinos y/o visitantes. El lugar es muy grande y espacioso, cuenta con una decoración muy retro y vanguardista.
Además los dueños del lugar están realizando los tramites correspondientes para habilitar un sector del complejo como centro cultural y lugar de exposiciones de todo tipo de arte, especialmente del arte urbano. Esperemos que no falte mucho. Hasta el día de la fecha se encuentra trabajando un grupo de contratistas para la adaptación del lugar con el fin de alcanzar esta idea.
A su vez, submundo recibe constantemente la visita de grandes artistas de todas las ramas del diseño y el arte
Con respecto a la intervención:
Submundo nos da mas del 45% del lugar para intervenir, a medida que vayan llegando les indicaremos que zonas están disponibles, pero les prometemos que van a alucinar cuando vean el lugar y todo lo que pueden hacer, la libertad es absoluta. Y no solo podemos intervenir las paredes sino que también podemos intervenir el techo, el piso y las mesas y sillas del lugar.
Y si no nos alcanzara con todo esto, submundo cuenta con una colección de maniquies totalmente en blanco para que hagamos uso de ellos lo que nos dicte nuestro antojo, pueden cortarlos, pintarlos, agregarles cosas, lo que flasheen estará bien (muy a la idea del cow parade o un munny)
Submundo cuenta con 2 escaleras propias y un andamio con ruedas para utilizar, aunque las paredes solo miden 3 metros de alto.
En resumen, hay muchísimos metros de pared y muchos elementos para darle vuelo a nuestra creatividad, además el lugar ofrece un ambiente tranquilo, ideal para esta gran reunión que se va a formar.
Otro dato importante con respecto a la comodidad que encontraran son: 4 baños, un patio con mucho verde, muchos sillones para descansar, una cocina, tv por cable y iluminación constante.
La idea es arrancar este sábado y seguir hasta que no quede mas lugares para pintar y viendo lo tenemos es mucho pero mucho. Los días que tenemos permitidos son los sábados y domingos aunque se puede charlar por otros días en la semana. Pero principalmente estaremos todos los sábados y domingos de las 12 hasta las 19 aprox., o sea, que este finde no se corta, sigue ;) así todos tienen la posibilidad de dejar su marca.
Hasta hoy hay mucha gente confirmada, y esperamos que sean muchos mas, si quieren invitar a otras personas bienvenidas sean, cuantas mas seamos mejor, va a ser como un mini expresión session jajaja. Igual les pedimos que nos confirmen quienes no lo hicieron hasta ahora.
Los esperamos a todos!
Pd: como siempre saben, el que primero llega se lleva las mejores ubicaciones
Contactos:
Fobos
cel: 1557264168
Patiño
Pd: como siempre saben, el que primero llega se lleva las mejores ubicaciones