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rather theatrical protest against executions in iran taking place in whitehall today as huge crowd of mainly middle-class anti-brexit marchers filed past.
The Victory I Class Star Destroyer Gallant short after the execution from Order 66 in orbit about Murkhana.
Hello there!
I finally finished the first edited picture of my Victory 1 Class Star Destroyer. It's named the Gallant like the Victory Star Destroyer in the book Dark Lord rise of Darth Vader. The shot is inspired by this comic scene who also appeared in the novel Dark Lord. The star destroyer is flying above Murkhana.
I put a lot of time and work into creating this moc/image. Please tell me your opinion about the edit and the moc, more pictures from the Star Destroyer will be online soon!
#legostarwars #lego #starwars #Victory1ClassStarDestroyer
In many countries death penalty, execution is still practiced.
Crucifixion is one of many methods of execution: gas chamber, hanging, lapidation, death-chair, decapitation, stake, lethal injection, execution by firing squad,
guillotine
Steinigung, Scheiterhaufen, erhängen, Enthauptung, Erschießung, elektrischer Stuhl, Giftspritze, Gaskammer
Part of: "an apple a day keeps the doctor away - An ENSO (Japanese: circle, Japanisch: Kreis) a day .... " Aktion Kreis Tagebuch A circle diary - Start of the 365-days Project: 1. September // 14 Farben Buntheft kleb-fest //
DMC-G2 - P1890705 - 2015-04-03
#themenkreis #thema #mythos #mythologie #christentum #ostern #easter #passion #ereignis #kreuzigung #execution #crucifixion #karfreitag #karwoche #golgotha
Beginning in 1942, the Natzweiler Struthof concentration camp also became a discreet execution site for many of those condemned to death. The firing squad was made up of the camps SS guards.
More than 460 people were known to habe been executed today, including at the crematorium. But the exact figure is difficult to establish. Men and women murdered at Natzweiler were not all registered in the camp and for the most part were murdered without a trace.
Some of the executions were carried out in the sand quarry. One of the most striking of these executions was that of thirteen young Alsatians from Ballersdorf. On the night of 12 to 13 February 1943, they had tried to pass into Switzerland to escape forced inscription into the German army. Arrested and sentenced to death after a summary trial, they were shot in the Natzweiler sand quarry on 17 February.
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La sablière, lieu d’exécution
A partir de 1942, le camp de concentration de Natzweiler-Struthof devient aussi un lieu discret d’exécution pour de nombreux condamnés à mort. Ce sont les gardes SS du camp qui forment le peloton d’exécution.
Plus de 460 exécutions ont été recensées à ce jour, y compris au crématoire. Mais le chiffre exact reste difficile à établir. Les hommes et les femmes assassinés à Natzweiler n’étaient pas tous immatriculés au camp et sont pour la plupart été assassinés sans laisser de traces.
Une partie des exécutions a lieu dans cette sablière. L’une des plus marquantes est celle de treize jeunes Alsaciens de Ballersdorf. Dans la nuit du 12 au 13 février 1943, ils avaient tenté de passer en Suisse pour échapper à l’incorporation de force dans l‘armée allemande. Arrêtés et condamnés à mort après un jugement sommaire, ils ont été fusillés le 17 février à la sablière de Natzweiler.
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Exekutionsort Sandgrube
Ab 1942 wird das KZ Natzweiler-Struthof in aller Diskretion auch zu einem Ort, an dem zahlreiche zum Tode Verurteilten hingerichtet werden. Die Hinrichtungskommandos bestehen aus den SS-Wachen im Lager. Bis heute weiß man von über
460 Exekutionen, die auch im Krematorium stattfanden. Doch die genaue Zahl ist schwer zu ermitteln, denn die Männer und Frauen, die in Natzweiler ermordet wurden, waren nicht immer als Lagerinsassen erfasst, und die meisten von ihnen wurden in aller Heimlichkeit ermordet.
Ein Teil der Exekutionen fand in dieser Sandgrube statt.Traurige Berühmtheit erlangte die Hinrichtung von 13 jungen Elsässern aus Ballersdorf, die in der Nacht vom 12. auf den 13 Februar 1943 versucht hatten, sich der Zwangsrekrutierung durch die Deutschen durch Flucht in die Schweiz zu entziehen. Sie wurden gefasst und in einem Schnellverfahren zum Tode verurteilt und am 17. Februar in der Sandgrube in Natzweiler erschossen.
In April 1864 Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena (1832-1867) became Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico. He was not some extremely conservative royalist, but rather a broad-minded thinker who naively sought to 'improve' Mexico politically and socially. He'd reckoned though without the influence of the USA which was still then caught up in their own Civil War. That war however ended and the US with heavy hand meddled in Mexican politics, backing the so-called liberal counter forces to Maximilian's haphazard social rule.
It was a messy time, and soon the emperor was captured (1867) and quickly executed by firing squad (see the inset painting by Édouard Manet [1832-1883]). Maximilian remained much-loved in Habsburg territories, and the German sculptor Johannes Schilling (1828-1910) was commissioned to fashion his statue (1875, inset above left). The statue had a moveable history but now graces the Piazza Venezia near our apartment.
Maximilian was the guiding force behind the construction and execution of Miramare Castle (1856-1860) just up the coast from Trieste; but as is clear from the above he and his wife, Charlotte of Belgium, enjoyed its pleasures for only a very short time.
PS I think it's rather curious to call the Emperor 'I', given that there was no successor.
Execution of Robespierre - my entry for the "Mad History Contest" at Imperium der Steine. You had to build a MOC with a historical scene which should contain a little twist (limited 48x48 studs). I made a version where Skynet send a terminator in the wrong time and location. Hope you like it
The Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum (Khmer: សារមន្ទីរឧក្រិដ្ឋកម្មប្រល័យពូជសាសន៍ទួលស្លែង) is a museum in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. The site is a former high school which was used as the notorious Security Prison 21 (S-21) by the Khmer Rouge regime from its rise to power in 1975 to its fall in 1979. Tuol Sleng means "Hill of the Poisonous Trees" or "Strychnine Hill". Tuol Sleng was only one of at least 150 execution centers in the country, and as many as 20,000 prisoners there were killed.
Formerly the Chao Ponhea Yat High School, named after a royal ancestor of King Norodom Sihanouk, the five buildings of the complex were converted in August 1975, four months after the Khmer Rouge won the Cambodian Civil War, into a prison and interrogation center. The Khmer Rouge renamed the complex "Security Prison 21" (S-21) and construction began to adapt the prison to the inmates: the buildings were enclosed in electrified barbed wire, the classrooms converted into tiny prison and torture chambers, and all windows were covered with iron bars and barbed wire to prevent escapes.
From 1975 to 1979, an estimated 17,000 people were imprisoned at Tuol Sleng (some estimates suggest a number as high as 20,000, although the real number is unknown). At any one time, the prison held between 1,000–1,500 prisoners. They were repeatedly tortured and coerced into naming family members and close associates, who were in turn arrested, tortured and killed. In the early months of S-21's existence, most of the victims were from the previous Lon Nol regime and included soldiers, government officials, as well as academics, doctors, teachers, students, factory workers, monks, engineers, etc. Later, the party leadership's paranoia turned on its own ranks and purges throughout the country saw thousands of party activists and their families brought to Tuol Sleng and murdered. Those arrested included some of the highest ranking communist politicians such as Khoy Thoun, Vorn Vet and Hu Nim. Although the official reason for their arrest was "espionage", these men may have been viewed by Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot as potential leaders of a coup against him. Prisoners' families were often brought en masse to be interrogated and later executed at the Choeung Ek extermination center.
In 1979, the prison was uncovered by the invading Vietnamese army. In 1980, the prison was reopened by the government of the People's Republic of Kampuchea as a historical museum memorializing the actions of the Khmer Rouge regime.
Upon arrival at the prison, prisoners were photographed and required to give detailed autobiographies, beginning with their childhood and ending with their arrest. After that, they were forced to strip to their underwear, and their possessions were confiscated. The prisoners were then taken to their cells. Those taken to the smaller cells were shackled to the walls or the concrete floor. Those who were held in the large mass cells were collectively shackled to long pieces of iron bar. The shackles were fixed to alternating bars; the prisoners slept with their heads in opposite directions. They slept on the floor without mats, mosquito nets, or blankets. They were forbidden to talk to each other.
The day in the prison began at 4:30 a.m. when prisoners were ordered to strip for inspection. The guards checked to see if the shackles were loose or if the prisoners had hidden objects they could use to commit suicide. Over the years, several prisoners managed to kill themselves, so the guards were very careful in checking the shackles and cells. The prisoners received four small spoonfuls of rice porridge and watery soup of leaves twice a day. Drinking water without asking the guards for permission resulted in serious beatings. The inmates were hosed down every four days.
The prison had very strict regulations, and severe beatings were inflicted upon any prisoner who tried to disobey. Almost every action had to be approved by one of the prison's guards. They were sometimes forced to eat human feces and drink human urine. The unhygienic living conditions in the prison caused skin diseases, lice, rashes, ringworm and other ailments. The prison's medical staffs were untrained and offered treatment only to sustain prisoners’ lives after they had been injured during interrogation. When prisoners were taken from one place to another for interrogation, their faces were covered. Guards and prisoners were not allowed to converse. Moreover, within the prison, people who were in different groups were not allowed to have contact with one another.
Most prisoners at S-21 were held there for two to three months. However, several high-ranking Khmer Rouge cadres were held longer. Within two or three days after they were brought to S-21, all prisoners were taken for interrogation. The torture system at Tuol Sleng was designed to make prisoners confess to whatever crimes they were charged with by their captors. Prisoners were routinely beaten and tortured with electric shocks, searing hot metal instruments and hanging, as well as through the use of various other devices. Some prisoners were cut with knives or suffocated with plastic bags. Other methods for generating confessions included pulling out fingernails while pouring alcohol on the wounds, holding prisoners’ heads under water, and the use of the waterboarding technique. Females were sometimes raped by the interrogators, even though sexual abuse was against Democratic Kampuchea (DK) policy. The perpetrators who were found out were executed. Although many prisoners died from this kind of abuse, killing them outright was discouraged, since the Khmer Rouge needed their confessions. The "Medical Unit" at Tuol Sleng, however, did kill at least 100 prisoners by bleeding them to death. Medical experiments were performed on certain prisoners. Inmates were sliced open and had organs removed with no anaesthetic. Others were attached to intravenous pumps and every drop of blood was drained from their bodies to see how long they could survive. The most difficult prisoners were skinned alive.
In their confessions, the prisoners were asked to describe their personal background. If they were party members, they had to say when they joined the revolution and describe their work assignments in DK. Then the prisoners would relate their supposed treasonous activities in chronological order. The third section of the confession text described prisoners’ thwarted conspiracies and supposed treasonous conversations. At the end, the confessions would list a string of traitors who were the prisoners’ friends, colleagues, or acquaintances. Some lists contained over a hundred names. People whose names were in the confession list were often called in for interrogation.
Typical confessions ran into thousands of words in which the prisoner would interweave true events in their lives with imaginary accounts of their espionage activities for the CIA, the KGB, or Vietnam. Physical torture was combined with sleep deprivation and deliberate neglect of the prisoners. The torture implements are on display in the museum. It is believed that the vast majority of prisoners were innocent of the charges against them and that the torture produced false confessions.
For the first year of S-21’s existence, corpses were buried near the prison. However, by the end of 1976, cadres ran out of burial spaces, the prisoner and their family were taken to the Choeung Ek extermination centre, fifteen kilometers from Phnom Penh. There, they were killed by being battered with iron bars, pickaxes, machetes and many other makeshift weapons owing to the scarcity, and subsequent price of ammunition. After the prisoners were executed, the soldiers who had accompanied them from S-21 buried them in graves that held as few as 6 and as many as 100 bodies.
"The Tyburn close to The Knavesmire is where the public hanging of the criminals of York took place between 1379 and 1801; after which executions took place at York Castle itself. This was in order that the 'entrance to the town should no longer be annoyed by dragging criminals through the streets'. The last public hanging in York took place in 1896 folllowing an Act of Parliament.
Execution day was a big, rowdy event - criminals were a spectacle as they were driven from the prison to their deaths, sitting with their coffins. Until 1745 their bodies were quartered after hanging.
Probably the most famous hanging at the Tyburn was that of the highwayman Dick Turpin. On Saturday the 7th April 1739, having been found guilty of horse-theft, he was taken from the York castle's condemned cell and driven in a horse drawn cart to the Tyburn. He carried himself with much dignity to the last and, after speaking a few words, he turned and threw himself from the ladder and died after a few minutes. His body was then taken back to York and kept in the Blue Boar Inn in Castlegate overnight. In those days a public house often had a room that was used as a temporary mortuary, or as a courtroom. John Palmer, or better known as Dick Turpin, is buried in St. George's churchyard, where a stone can still be seen."
Saturday Self-Challenge:Take a photo through a hole or opening
This week, the challenge itself was fairly easy, but execution was difficult. In other words, I was short on time, long on frustrating hurdles. This week was another busy one for me, since it is holiday season in the store I work for. As such, I was either not available to roam with my camera, or I was too tired to do so. This morning I once more attempted to photograph, but my camera's battery died with no time to recharge. So I went to the last resort and grabbed my phone camera, thinking I would never get the shot I wanted because of limited manual focus capability. Well, I was proven wrong, and was actually able to get the shot I wanted!
Last one for tonight i think you all need a rest from me for another week or two! yeah like that will happen :-)
Just a rear view of what is the strange idea of the jacket to this dress, the concept is good but it has kind of failed in its execution mainly because it doesn't sit as it should. Still i wont let that minor point ruin the joy of this frock.
Becoming a signature pose this one. really must find a new one to do.
Good evening everyone I am off to play with makeup and if all goes well i might take some photos.
July 7, 1865: Adjusting the ropes before hanging the conspirators,
fltr Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold and Georg Atzerodt.
A detail from one of the photographs of the execution by Alexander Gardner.
www.robswebstek.com/2012/07/adjusting-ropes-execution-of-...
Execution of Robespierre - my entry for the "Mad History Contest" at Imperium der Steine. You had to build a MOC with a historical scene which should contain a little twist (limited 48x48 studs). I made a version where Skynet send a terminator in the wrong time and location. Hope you like it
Paul Delaroche -
The Execution of Lady Jane Grey [1833]
big seize oil painting; cm 246 × 297
London NG
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Lady Jane Grey reigned for just nine days as Queen of England following the death of Edward VI in 1553: she was deposed by the faction supporting Edward’s half-sister and heir, Mary Tudor. Tried for treason, the 17-year-old Lady Jane was beheaded at Tower Green on 12 February 1554.
Delaroche shows the final moments of the blindfolded Lady Jane as she pleads, ‘What shall I do? Where is the block?’ She is being guided towards it by Sir John Brydges, Lieutenant of the Tower. Her outer clothing has already been removed and is gathered in the lap of a lady-in-waiting, who has slumped to the ground. Behind her, a second lady-in-waiting stands facing the wall, unable to watch. To the right, the executioner stands waiting. Using a shallow stage-like space, theatrical lighting and life-size figures, Delaroche plays up the spectacle of the innocent young victim on the brink of martyrdom, compelling us to react to the scene before us.
London NG
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Kingdom of England
Lady Jane Grey was the queen of the Tudor dynasty, and she reigned for nine days, from July 10 to July 19, 1553.
She was the second daughter of Henry VII and the granddaughter of Princess Mary , sister of Henry VIII , and a 5th cousin of Mary I and Elizabeth I. She was crowned queen after the death of Edward VI, and she reigned briefly, but only for nine days . As such, she sometimes refers to her as her "Queen of the Nine Days" , but scholars differ as to whether she should be classified as her Queen.
Biography:
en.namu.wiki/w/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B8%20%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC...
The execution of Supreme Chancellor Palpatine by the hands of the droid general Grievous would shock the Galaxy. No-one knew it was coming, save one man. The man who gave Grievous the order to execute the Chancellor live on the holonet. Though Grievous didn’t know it, he had just killed Darth Sidious, thus ensuring his own master’s rise to Dark Lord of the Sith.
Whilst he had been reluctant to order his former master’s execution, Count Dooku, the now reigning Sith Lord, knew he had been presented with no alternative. Having witnessed how willing Sidious had been to dispose of a resurrected Darth Maul, Dooku knew all too well that it would have been only a matter of time before his master was ready to dispose of him.
Supreme Chancellor Palpatine’s death would long be considered a decisive victory for the Confederacy of Independent Systems, and the closest it ever came to victory in the Clone War. Yet, for Dooku, it was a loss. Sidious’ passing doomed their vision for a New Galactic Order, with the Republic electing Senator Kargan Feigarn of Anaxes to the position of Supreme Chancellor to replace Palpatine. Feigarn, one of the first proponents for the Repubic to muster an army to combat the Separatist crisis, would openly declare in his election speech that the Clone War would not end until the Confederacy was eradicated the Galaxy.
Though the Confederacy held a sizable military advantage at the time of Feigarn’s declaration, that would be quickly eroded as Palpatine’s death convinced usually hesitant Senators such as Bail Organa of Alderaan, Mon Mothma of Chandrilla and Padme Amidala of Naboo to approve a significant investment into the Republic’s military budget.
With a level playing field, the war began to turn significantly against the Confederacy and they soon found themselves completely pushed out of the mid-rim worlds. But despite this erupting military crisis for the Confederacy. Count Dooku was nowhere to be found. Instead of leading all the systems who had pledged allegiance to his independence movement, Dooku had journeyed to the planet Korriban, ancient home world of the Sith for guidance.
On Korriban he would encounter someone he never expected to see again. The spirit of his former master, the evil Darth Sidious. Craving information on how to fulfil the plan they had both spent well over a decade preparing, Dooku would come to learn that Sidious never planned to rule with Dooku by his side. He had long planned to replace him with the young Jedi Anakin Skywalker, the fabled chosen one. Before Dooku could even consider thinking of asking his former master for how best to enact their stratagem without him, Sidious revealed the truth.
The stratagem was designed around Sidious, and without him to enact it, it was destined to collapse. Already Sidious’ agents had begun to neutralise the Clone trooper inhibitor chips, eliminating the infamous Order 66 from existence. He’d also taken great care to foster a close relationship with the young Skywalker, thus ensuring that if his apprentice were to remove him, it would ensure that Skywalker would never serve Dooku. Palpatine had long prepared for the possibility that his apprentice would attempt to usurp him.
If he was not able to rule the Galaxy, then he would not allow anyone else to either.
After being mocked by his former master, Dooku lashed out. Though Sidious and the Jedi both believed the young Skywalker to be the fabled Chosen One, Dooku thought otherwise. After all, to both he and his master, the Chosen One was destined to bring balance to the Force. Not necessarily destroy the Sith, regardless of what the Jedi interpreted it as. Therefore, if he could not use Protocol 66 to reduce the Jedi’s numbers, he would simply have to create a new generation of Sith Lords in order to restore the balance.
With that, Dooku would depart Korriban but not without a final mocking from his former master, and it would haunt Dooku for the rest of his life. Palpatine had been preparing to construct a Galactic Empire to unite the Galaxy against an unknown force from beyond that threatened to destroy the Galaxy. Though he would try to dismiss the idea, it would ultimately cause him take a less active role in the leadership of the Confederacy as he made preparations for the future. Most in Republic intelligence suspected this was to avoid retaliatory actions for Palpatine’s execution, but the Jedi believed otherwise. History had taught them that it was never good when the Sith disappeared into the shadows. The Republic would lead a large military campaign to locate the Dark Lord but would ultimately prove unsuccessful.
Dooku would meanwhile order the construction of a battle station his master had long sought to create, in the hopes that its destructive power would be enough to give the Confederacy victory over the increasingly authoritarian Galactic Republic. If need be, it could also protect the galaxy from the danger his master spoke of. But with the Republic’s military offensive pressuring the Confederacy on every front in the Outer Rim, Dooku decided to have the station constructed in the Unknown Regions, far from prying eyes.
It was during the search for a suitable build sight that Dooku would come across a young Chiss by the name of Mitth'raw'nuruodo. The young Chiss’ homeworld had been devastated by a Republic weapons trial gone wrong, which had rendered the planet inhospitable, and thus he was more than willing to join the Separatist cause. It wasn’t until he was able to take out a Republic Star Destroyer with a cargo transport that Dooku allowed the young Chiss to join their ranks.
Many speculate the recruitment of ‘Thrawn’, as he came to be known by, was what revived the Separatist military cause, which had been faltering following the demise of General Grievous at the hands of Jedi Masters Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker. It would be Thrawn’s actions that would strand Jedi Master Mace Windu on the surface of Bodrin, where Dooku would slay the Jedi Master, ensuring Skywalker’s ascension to the rank of Grand Master of the Jedi Order.
Whilst the Force could sustain him, Dooku knew that time was against him and thus choose to train five students at once in the ways of the Force. The clear violation of the Rule of Two prevented him from declaring them all his apprentices, so to encourage them Dooku offered to make the one who bested Obi-Wan Kenobi in combat his apprentice. Eventually the group would come to be known as the hands of Dooku to the galaxy, but to Dooku, they were his acolytes. Neither Sith nor Jedi.
They were the ones who would help him bring balance to the Force.
Countless Jedi would fall to the acolytes´ blades, many of them merely padawan learners. The loss of so many Jedi would create a ripple in the Force, originating from a source deep in the Unknown Regions. Dooku interpreted it as a sign that he was fulfilling his destiny and the Force was being slowly brought into balance, until he found the source itself. It was a singularity through which the Force fed into the galaxy. Eventually, Dooku came to realise that the singularity could be weaponised, and after a year of trails, the singularity was engineered to become part of the Confederacy’s battle station. The entire station was powered using the Force emitted from the singularity.
Dooku knew that with the singularity, he controlled the Force itself and began making preparations for the Confederacy’s new campaign to seize Coruscant from Republic control.
Though temperamental, the singularity was eventually installed into the battle station, but not without consequences. Close proximity to the singularity would often cause Dooku to hear what he assumed were echoes of the past. The voice of Sidious, vowing to destroy all that they had built. The voice of Yoda, the Count’s former Jedi teacher. But perhaps the biggest surprise of all, was to hear the voice of Qui-Gon Jinn Dooku’s former Jedi apprentice.
Whilst he would presume the voice was little more than a remnant, Dooku would come to find there was more to this voice of his former apprentice than it first appeared. Quin-Gon’s ghost would spend any waking moment that Dooku was on board the station attempting to make the former Jedi Master see the error his ways.
Dooku would ultimately choose to spend as little time on the battle station as possible whilst continuing to maintain a low profile in order to avoid the prying eyes of the Jedi.
It wouldn’t be until the battle station was almost entirely operational that Dooku would come face to face with a Jedi once again. Much to his surprise though, it wasn’t Grand Jedi Master Skywalker as he had long anticipated. It was Obi-Wan Kenobi. Skywalker’s former teacher who had begun to train a new apprentice of his own.
The three of them would engage in a duel, and though the Count’s age would hinder him, his strength with the Force allowed him to counteract such a hindrance. But even with such a strong connection to the Force, Dooku was unable to prevent Kenobi from severing his right hand. Vengeance for having done the same action to Skywalker well over a decade ago.
However, even in such a weakened state, the Sith Lord bested Kenobi’s apprentice with ease and brought the boy’s life to a swift end by decapitating him. The action would break Kenobi’s spirit, who declared just how ashamed Qui-Gon would be knowing what had become of his former master. Well aware of his former apprentice’s disapproval of his new title, Dooku departed the battle without killing Kenobi, much to Kenobi’s own surprise.
Though he had not foreseen his decision to not kill the weakened Kenobi, the Sith Lord new what was about to transpire. Kenobi had managed to plant a tracking device on his cape, and whilst the Jedi Master thought he’d done so without detection, Dooku had long known it was coming. Just as he had desired.
With the tracker revealing his location to the Republic, Dooku returned to the battle station and waited for his enemies to come to him. He knew full well that this would be the battle that decided the Clone War, and he was determined to win it. But to accomplish this, he knew there was one thing above all else he had to do.
Slay Grand Master Skywalker.
As the battle erupted, both Kenobi and Skywalker would manage to board the battle station, making their way to the singularity where they would encounter Dooku. The first time they had duelled was at the start of the Clone War and now, they'd duel for the final time with the fate of the Galaxy at stake.....
The Colosseum is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, just east of the Roman Forum. It is the largest ancient amphitheatre ever built, and is still the largest standing amphitheatre in the world today, despite its age. Construction began under the emperor Vespasian (r. 69–79 AD) in 72 and was completed in 80 AD under his successor and heir, Titus (r. 79–81). Further modifications were made during the reign of Domitian (r. 81–96). The three emperors that were patrons of the work are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheatre was named the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium; Italian: Anfiteatro Flavio [aɱfiteˈaːtro ˈflaːvjo]) by later classicists and archaeologists for its association with their family name (Flavius).[citation needed]
The Colosseum is built of travertine limestone, tuff (volcanic rock), and brick-faced concrete. The Colosseum could hold an estimated 50,000 to 80,000 spectators at various points in its history having an average audience of some 65,000; it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles including animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Roman mythology, and briefly mock sea battles. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.
Although substantially ruined because of earthquakes and stone-robbers (for spolia), the Colosseum is still an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome and was listed as one of the New7Wonders of the World. It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions and also has links to the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession that starts in the area around the Colosseum.
The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin.The site chosen was a flat area on the floor of a low valley between the Caelian, Esquiline and Palatine Hills, through which a canalised stream ran as well as an artificial lake/marsh. By the 2nd century BC the area was densely inhabited. It was devastated by the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, following which Nero seized much of the area to add to his personal domain. He built the grandiose Domus Aurea on the site, in front of which he created an artificial lake surrounded by pavilions, gardens and porticoes. The existing Aqua Claudia aqueduct was extended to supply water to the area and the gigantic bronze Colossus of Nero was set up nearby at the entrance to the Domus Aurea.
Cross-section from the Lexikon der gesamten Technik (1904)
Although the Colossus was preserved, much of the Domus Aurea was torn down. The lake was filled in and the land reused as the location for the new Flavian Amphitheatre. Gladiatorial schools and other support buildings were constructed nearby within the former grounds of the Domus Aurea. Vespasian's decision to build the Colosseum on the site of Nero's lake can be seen as a populist gesture of returning to the people an area of the city which Nero had appropriated for his own use. In contrast to many other amphitheatres, which were on the outskirts of a city, the Colosseum was constructed in the city centre, in effect, placing it both symbolically and precisely at the heart of Rome.
Construction was funded by the opulent spoils taken from the Jewish Temple after the First Jewish–Roman War in 70 CE led to the Siege of Jerusalem. According to a reconstructed inscription found on the site, "the emperor Vespasian ordered this new amphitheatre to be erected from his general's share of the booty." It is often assumed that Jewish prisoners of war were brought back to Rome and contributed to the massive workforce needed for the construction of the amphitheatre, but there is no ancient evidence for that; it would, nonetheless, be commensurate with Roman practice to add humiliation to the defeated population. Along with this free source of unskilled labor, teams of professional Roman builders, engineers, artists, painters and decorators undertook the more specialized tasks necessary for building the Colosseum. The Colosseum was constructed with several different materials: wood, limestone, tuff, tiles, cement, and mortar.
Construction of the Colosseum began under the rule of Vespasian in around 70–72 AD (73–75 AD according to some sources). The Colosseum had been completed up to the third story by the time of Vespasian's death in 79. The top level was finished by his son, Titus, in 80, and the inaugural games were held in 80 or 81 AD. Dio Cassius recounts that over 9,000 wild animals were killed during the inaugural games of the amphitheatre. Commemorative coinage was issued celebrating the inauguration. The building was remodelled further under Vespasian's younger son, the newly designated Emperor Domitian, who constructed the hypogeum, a series of tunnels used to house animals and slaves. He also added a gallery to the top of the Colosseum to increase its seating capacity.
In 217, the Colosseum was badly damaged by a major fire (caused by lightning, according to Dio Cassius) which destroyed the wooden upper levels of the amphitheatre's interior. It was not fully repaired until about 240 and underwent further repairs in 250 or 252 and again in 320. Honorius banned the practice of gladiator fights in 399 and again in 404. Gladiatorial fights are last mentioned around 435.[citation needed] An inscription records the restoration of various parts of the Colosseum under Theodosius II and Valentinian III (reigned 425–455), possibly to repair damage caused by a major earthquake in 443; more work followed in 484 and 508. The arena continued to be used for contests well into the 6th century. Animal hunts continued until at least 523, when Anicius Maximus celebrated his consulship with some venationes, criticised by King Theodoric the Great for their high cost.
The Colosseum underwent several radical changes of use. By the late 6th century a small chapel had been built into the structure of the amphitheater, though this apparently did not confer any particular religious significance on the building as a whole. The arena was converted into a cemetery. The numerous vaulted spaces in the arcades under the seating were converted into housing and workshops, and are recorded as still being rented out as late as the 12th century. Around 1200 the Frangipani family took over the Colosseum and fortified it, apparently using it as a castle.
Severe damage was inflicted on the Colosseum by the great earthquake in 1349, causing the outer south side, lying on a less stable alluvial terrain, to collapse. Much of the tumbled stone was reused to build palaces, churches, hospitals and other buildings elsewhere in Rome. A religious order moved into the northern third of the Colosseum in the mid-14th century and continued to inhabit it until as late as the early 19th century. The interior of the amphitheater was extensively stripped of stone, which was reused elsewhere, or (in the case of the marble façade) was burned to make quicklime. The iron clamps which held the stonework together were pried or hacked out of the walls, leaving numerous pockmarks which still scar the building today.
During the 16th and 17th century, Church officials sought a productive role for the Colosseum. Pope Sixtus V (1585–1590) planned to turn the building into a wool factory to provide employment for Rome's prostitutes, though this proposal fell through with his premature death. In 1671 Cardinal Altieri authorized its use for bullfights; a public outcry caused the idea to be hastily abandoned.
Allied troops consult a guidebook outside the Colosseum after liberation in 1944
In 1749, Pope Benedict XIV endorsed the view that the Colosseum was a sacred site where early Christians had been martyred. He forbade the use of the Colosseum as a quarry and consecrated the building to the Passion of Christ and installed Stations of the Cross, declaring it sanctified by the blood of the Christian martyrs who perished there (see Significance in Christianity). However, there is no historical evidence to support Benedict's claim, nor is there even any evidence that anyone before the 16th century suggested this might be the case; the Catholic Encyclopedia concludes that there are no historical grounds for the supposition, other than the reasonably plausible conjecture that some of the many martyrs may well have been.
Later popes initiated various stabilization and restoration projects, removing the extensive vegetation which had overgrown the structure and threatened to damage it further. The façade was reinforced with triangular brick wedges in 1807 and 1827, and the interior was repaired in 1831, 1846 and in the 1930s. The arena substructure was partly excavated in 1810–1814 and 1874 and was fully exposed under Benito Mussolini in the 1930s.
The Colosseum is today one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions, receiving millions of visitors annually. The effects of pollution and general deterioration over time prompted a major restoration programme carried out between 1993 and 2000, at a cost of 40 billion Italian lire.
In recent years, the Colosseum has become a symbol of the international campaign against capital punishment, which was abolished in Italy in 1948. Several anti–death penalty demonstrations took place in front of the Colosseum in 2000. Since that time, as a gesture against the death penalty, the local authorities of Rome change the color of the Colosseum's night time illumination from white to gold whenever a person condemned to the death penalty anywhere in the world gets their sentence commuted or is released, or if a jurisdiction abolishes the death penalty. Most recently, the Colosseum was illuminated in gold in November 2012 following the abolishment of capital punishment in the American state of Connecticut in April 2012.
Because of the ruined state of the interior, it is impractical to use the Colosseum to host large events; only a few hundred spectators can be accommodated in temporary seating. However, much larger concerts have been held just outside, using the Colosseum as a backdrop. Performers who have played at the Colosseum in recent years have included Ray Charles (May 2002), Paul McCartney (May 2003), Elton John (September 2005), and Billy Joel (July 2006).
老街物語 - 延平街104巷 / 小石獅笑看人間興替
The story of the Ancient streets - 104 Lane, Yanping Street / Little stone lion smiles and looks at the human world
古い街の物語 - 延平街の104坑道 / 小さい石獅が笑って世の中が盛んになって代わりを見ま
La historia de las calles antiguas - 104 Lane, Yanping Street / El pequeño león de piedra sonríe y mira el mundo humano
Die Geschichte der alten Straßen - 104 Lane, Yanping Street / Little Stone Lion lächelt und schaut auf die menschliche Welt
L'histoire des rues anciennes - 104 Lane, Yanping Street / Le petit lion de pierre sourit et regarde le monde humain
Anping Tainan Taiwan / Anping Tainan Taiwán / 台灣台南安平
管樂小集 2017/10/07 台南孔子廟 Confucian temple Tainan performances 1080P
{ 旅笠道中 Wearing hats travel in road }
{View large size on fluidr / 觀看大圖}
{My Blog / 管樂小集精彩演出-觸動你的心}
{My Blog / Great Music The splendid performance touches your heart}
{My Blog / 管楽小集すばらしい公演-はあなたの心を心を打ちます}
{Mi blog / La gran música el funcionamiento espléndido toca su corazón}
{Mein Blog / Große Musik die herrliche Leistung berührt Ihr Herz}
{Mon blog / La grande musique l'exécution splendide touche votre coeur}
Melody 曲:JAPAN / Words 詞:Sheesen / Singing : Sheesen
{ 夢旅人 1990 Dream Traveler 1990 }
家住安南鹽溪邊
The family lives in nearby the Annan salt river
隔壁就是聽雨軒
The next door listens to the rain porch
一旦落日照大員
The sunset Shineing to the Taiwan at once
左岸青龍飛九天
The left bank white dragon flying in the sky
(Please ignore the misorientation of the flag, it is meant to be the French flag and not the Dutch flag)
-Translated from Russian-
Russia, St Petersburg, 2067
I moved on from Gostiny Station and moved onto Spasskaya, changing lines, and ended up at Mayaskovskaya. Also known as New Russia St.Petersburg Military camp, it was a small area in the subway system, allocated to the army. The gate, was obviously, locked up tight. I crawled through and air vent to reach the base itself. I heard screams and gunfire, I moved forward on the scaffolding to get a better view.
2 guys in Metro Police uniforms were running down the hallway.
BLAM!
One down, the last one is still running, he tries to take cover at the crate and -
BLAM!
Welp, he ain't running no more.
A man in a beret walk outs. from the gate. Along with the policeman's pursuers, all dressed in plain tan Gorka Uniforms.
" General."
"Private. Sit Rep."
" We have hunted down both of the guards, One is dead, the other barely alive. As you can see."
"Why? Killing cops is not good Ivan."
" They found out. They helped the girl escape the lab down at Vladmiskaya."
"Yebat. You Cykа́ cannot even keep a couple of over-payed idiots away from the girl! Find her! I'll take care of the guard."
"On it sir! Dima! Follow me. We search the rest of the line!"
The two solders left, leaving the "general" behind.
"So you still alive huh?"
"Da. But I won't say anything, What you plan to do is wrong!."
"Haha, You will eventually, the only thing you get to decide is how much pain you will feel before you tell me."
The general pulled out a revolver and pointed it at the guard.
"Пошёл на́ хуй!"
"Oh, how'd I wish you didn't say that."
The general raised his gun and fired. I'm not sure why he shot the guard though, the guard seemed to have information he needed. But from what I observed, he didn't really care for the information, not consciously anyways. He killed for well, just for fun. I know this because, on the back of his neck, spots formed. Red spots. He was infected. And he was slowly losing his mind.
I came here for food, but It seems that I might have to detour to Vladmirskaya to see what exactly is going on.
So I'm not sure what to say in the desc, so yea.
And RU Engineer is halfway done, just need the AKS and the pants for him.
And the first part is based on studying the maps of the real St Petersburg subway system.
Russian words in russian is kept russian cuz they are vulgarites.
St.Petersburg Subway System:
dancing-bear-tours.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/St-Pete...
Bare Theatre's 2016 production of Henry VI. Clifford slays Richard, Duke of York, to get revenge for his father's death.
The whole palazzo was covered with reproductions of Persian rugs for the exhibit. --- --- --- Rudolf Stingel conceived this exhibition especially for Palazzo Grassi. Given the utmost freedom of execution, Stingel has completely transformed the museum, filling the entire space with an oriental carpet. Moving beyond the idea of two-dimensionality that is conventionally associated with painting, the exhibition aims to subvert the usual spatial relationship between a painting and viewer.
The carpet evokes the thousand-year history of Venice, the ‘Most Serene Republic’, but also recalls the Middle-European culture so loved by the artist; for example, we are reminded of Sigmund Freud’s early twentieth-century Viennese study. This reference undoubtedly provides a key to interpreting this installation: on entering the ‘labyrinth’, an all-encompassing feeling and sensorial experience transport us towards the transcendence of the Ego, by means of its removal and its ghosts. The nearly thirty paintings exhibited suggest presences that are ‘buried’ in memory, and removed experiences that thrive again. The architectural space becomes an introspective and projective space, silent and welcoming, suitable for meditation: but Stingel’s work alters our visual and spatial perception of it, suggesting a new, rarified and suspenseful atmosphere in which the silver, white and black of the paintings stands out like so many other ‘openings’ on Venice, in an another dimension.
From the Palazzo Grassi website
PLEASE, NO invitations or self promotions, THEY WILL BE DELETED. My photos are FREE to use, just give me credit and it would be nice if you let me know, thanks.
Armenian Church Of Our Lady Of The Spasm was built in 1881. It is at the site where Jesus encounters Mary, his mother, whose grief over the torture and execution of her son is unimaginable.
Archaeological remains from former Byzantine buildings were found here, including a mosaic from the 5th century AD. The mosaic shows a pair of sandals symbolizing the place where Mary stood weeping for her son. This is the source of the name of the church (“spasm” refers to an emotional state resulting from extreme sorrow or grief).
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Rushmore
Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a national memorial centered on a colossal sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore (Lakota: Tȟuŋkášila Šákpe, or Six Grandfathers) in the Black Hills near Keystone, South Dakota, United States. Sculptor Gutzon Borglum created the sculpture's design and oversaw the project's execution from 1927 to 1941 with the help of his son, Lincoln Borglum. The sculpture features the 60-foot-tall (18 m) heads of four United States Presidents recommended by Borglum: George Washington (1732–1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) and Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865). The four presidents were chosen to represent the nation's birth, growth, development and preservation, respectively. The memorial park covers 1,278 acres (2.00 sq mi; 5.17 km2) and the mountain itself has an elevation of 5,725 feet (1,745 m) above sea level.
The sculptor and tribal representatives settled on Mount Rushmore, which also has the advantage of facing southeast for maximum sun exposure. Doane Robinson wanted it to feature American West heroes, such as Lewis and Clark, their expedition guide Sacagawea, Oglala Lakota chief Red Cloud, Buffalo Bill Cody, and Oglala Lakota chief Crazy Horse. Borglum believed that the sculpture should have broader appeal and chose the four presidents.
Peter Norbeck, U.S. senator from South Dakota, sponsored the project and secured federal funding. Construction began in 1927 and the presidents' faces were completed between 1934 and 1939. After Gutzon Borglum died in March 1941, his son Lincoln took over as leader of the construction project. Each president was originally to be depicted from head to waist, but lack of funding forced construction to end on October 31, 1941.
Sometimes referred to as the "Shrine of Democracy", Mount Rushmore attracts more than two million visitors annually.
Source: www.blackhillsbadlands.com/parks-monuments/mount-rushmore...
Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a large-scale mountain sculpture by artist Gutzon Borglum. The figures of America's most prominent U.S. presidents--George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt—represent 150 years of American history.
The Memorial is located near Keystone in the Black Hills of South Dakota, roughly 30 miles from Rapid City.
Each year, approximately three million tourists from all over the world visit Mount Rushmore to experience this patriotic site. Today, the wonder of the mountain reverberates through every visitor. The four "great faces" of the presidents tower 5,725 feet above sea level and are scaled to men who would stand 465 feet tall.
There are many amenities at the site including the Mount Rushmore Audio Tour, Lincoln Borglum Visitor Center & Museum, the Presidential Trail, Youth Exploration Area, Sculptor’s Studio, a parking garage with R.V. parking, pet exercise areas, , the Carvers Café, Memorial Ice Cream Shop, Gift Shop and the Mount Rushmore Bookstores.
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(United States) "الولايات المتحدة" "Vereinigte Staaten" "アメリカ" "美国" "미국" "Estados Unidos" "États-Unis"
(South Dakota) "داكوتا الجنوبية" "南达科他州" "Dakota du Sud" "दक्षिण डकोटा" "サウスダコタ" "사우스다코타" "Южная Дакота" "Dakota del Sur"
(Mount Rushmore) "جبل رشمور" "拉什莫尔山" "Mont Rushmore" "माउंट रशमोर" "ラシュモア山" "러시모어 산" "Гора Рашмор" "Monte Rushmore"
The first outdoor event in London, UK, since the beginning of the troublesome virus and I was a little rusty.
Commemoration of the execution of King Charles Ist.
CSX E803 screams through the town of Walkerton with BNSF 9669, a SD70MAC still sporting its OG BN Executive Scheme, on a coal empty from the LSRC in Wixom.
'Here on Felucia, a Stormtrooper is about to be promoted for tracking down the fled female Jedi Sinn-Tah, just 10 days after the execution of order 66. All hopes are lost for this Jedi, and the same applies to most Jedis lately. Dark Times are approaching...'
Hello everyone! This is my first ever post on Flickr. This 16x16 moc was created as a submission for the 'Dark Times' RPG group, which is based on the follow-up on Order 66.
Any feedback is appreciated!
-Sven
ODC - Scissors, Saw, Knife
Post Christmas execution of a credit card as part of a New Year's resolution!
This moving memorial was created by sculptors Gyula Pauer and Can Togay in 2005, and comprises 60 pairs of iron shoes lined up at the edge of the Pest embankment, just south of the Hungarian Parliament building. The site had been used as a place of execution by fascist Arrow Cross militiamen, who shot hundreds of Jews here in 1944-5.
The notorious pirate Zublius von Wreck and his crew were captured recently by the forces of Eslandola, and for his piracy he faces the noose!
First time finishing a build for BoBS in forever, happy to fit at least one in this summer!
Mecabricks View: mecabricks.com/en/models/WRaZpdg5jpZ
Instagram: @umbramanis