Archaeology & People
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RenownTravel: Although the founding date of the temple is unknown, it is believed that the Wat Mahathat dates back to the late Mon Dvaravati era or the Khmer era. Objects found during excavations suggest the first structures were built between eight to ten centuries ago. Today nothing remains of the original structures. The prangs have been rebuild and enlarged many times over the course of the centuries.
Dún Aonghasa (Unofficial anglicised version Dun Aengus) is the best-known of several prehistoric hill forts on the Aran Islands of County Galway, Republic of Ireland. It lies on Inis Mór, at the edge of a 100-metre-high (330 ft) cliff.
A popular tourist attraction, Dún Aonghasa is an important archaeological site.
History
It is not known exactly when Dún Aonghasa was built, though it is now thought that most of the structures date from the Bronze Age and Iron Age. T. F. O'Rahilly surmised in what is known as O'Rahilly's historical model that it was built in the 2nd century BC by the Builg following the Laginian conquest of Connacht.Excavations at the site indicate that the first construction goes back to 1100 BC, when rubble was piled against large upright stones to form the first enclosure. Around 500 BC, the triple wall defenses were probably constructed along the fort's western side.
The 19th-century artist George Petrie called "Dún Aonghasa" "the most magnificent barbaric monument in Europe". Its name, meaning "Fort of Aonghas", may refer to the pre-Christian god of the same name described in Irish mythology, or the mythical king, Aonghus mac Úmhór. It has thus traditionally been associated with the Fir Bolg.
Form and function
The fort consists of a series of four concentric walls of dry stone construction, built on a high cliff some one hundred metres above the sea. At the time of its construction sea levels were considerably lower and a recent Radio Telefis Eireann documentary estimates that originally it was 1000 metres from the sea. Surviving stonework is four metres wide at some points. The original shape was presumably oval or D-shaped but parts of the cliff and fort have since collapsed into the sea. Outside the third ring of walls lies a defensive system of stone slabs, known as a cheval de frise, planted in an upright position in the ground and still largely well-preserved. These ruins also feature a huge rectangular stone slab, the function of which is unknown. Impressively large among prehistoric ruins, the outermost wall of Dún Aonghasa encloses an area of approximately 6 hectares (14 acres).
Today
The walls of Dún Aonghasa have been rebuilt to a height of 6m and have wall walks, chambers, and flights of stairs. The restoration is easily distinguished from the original construction by the use of mortar.[citation needed]
There is a small museum illustrating the history of the fort and its possible functions. Also in the vicinity is a Neolithic tomb and a small heritage park featuring examples of a traditional thatched cottage and an illegal poteen distillery.
"In front of you are the lights of a state
Awaiting excavations
And the cages with the sleeping canaries lined up
And I who still haven't found out who I am
A tired purpose, without perspective
And you who will soon be extinguished
One of the lights, to sleep with someone who looks like me
So that the irons of the cage
To be lost for a moment, in the dark.
I fear all that will happen to me without me...
My clothes are getting old and they don't last
holes in the knees from the bows
pockets empty of coins
broken zippers, they are bankrupt
My body is bruised
with the cold as a mistake
which no one admits
it turns and asks for your warmth.
I fear all that will happen to me without me...
Your cements are new
with lacquered furniture
And white marbles
a warping sheen
and leaves you no room to stand
and only I of all in there am rotting like in an ancient tomb
Performance vessels were found there
except for me, which is a hidden secret
I'm still looking for you to resurrect me.
I fear all that will happen to me without me...
My clothes are getting old and falling out
Like bankrupt governments
I grew old in a child's pants
And the ship still hasn't been seen
I squeeze you tighter because I'm cold
my body road, where public works are carried out
Compressors open and close me
Pull the curtain a little to see me
I became a runway for military planes
And my mind, a repository for radioactive waste
They took safety measures, for my breathing
and on a multi-ethnic one-way street, my future was given in return.
I fear all that will happen to me without me...
This is how I live my past in advance
and with two bare wires for hands
I hug your high volt for a tight time.
I'm afraid..."
An earlier attempt to visualize a favorite song.
A male pileated woodpecker excavating part of a large log lying across a small stream. He appears to have drawn his head back to prepare for his next strike.
I was photographing a pair of chickadees and was wondering why they were staying at a single tree for such a long amount of time. When the female flew into a cavity in this red alder, it all started to make sense. The female chickadee was considering this as a potential nesting site!
Chickadees are cavity nesters. They may excavate their own nests or use cavities previously excavated by woodpeckers. Nevertheless, it is habitual for them to remove wood shavings, even if the "cavity" is already complete (as in nest boxes). This female chickadee is doing just that.
I really hope this pair will settle down in this nesting. However, when I returned to the site later that evening, the chickadees were nowhere in sight. Perhaps they will return later after considering other nesting sites. Wherever they are, I hope they will raise a successful brood.
Deze kleine flesjes zijn in Leeuwarden opgegraven voor de bouw van een ondergrondse garage. Ze hebben doordat ze lang in de grond bewaard zijn met andere metalen deze bijzondere kleuren gekregen. De flesjes zijn niet groter dan vijf centimeter.
These small bottles are excavated in Leeuwarden, this year cultural capital, ( A place in he north of the Netherlands) for the construction of an underground garage. They have long kept in the ground with other metals. That’s why they have these special colours. The size of the bottles are less than 2”.
Thanks for taking time to fave, comment and look at my work. I really appreciate.
During the excavations of Pompeii, the archeologist Giuseppe Fiorelli in 1863, had the idea to pour a mix of chalk and water in the frequent voids that were found. This simple idea gave the opportunity to preserve the bodies of people or animals killed during the eruption of the Vesuvius and of any other organic matter that decomposed leaving just a void.
From December, 2008; four years before I joined Flickr.
This one is for Jason Hendricks, with thanks.
Archaeological excavations demonstrate a continuity of life in Calnic (judet Alba), starting with the Neolithic and Bronze Age settlements, the Dacian and Roman remains, or from the period of migration to the Middle Ages.
The name of the city, mentioned for the first time in 1269 (villa Kelnuk) is of Slavic-Romanian origin. The name of the place was taken over by the Saxons (Kelling) and the Hungarians (Kelnek).
The Romanesque fortress of Calnic is an old noble residence, which by its small size cannot compete with those of the big cities, but which is considered as very representative of a local civilization, transylvaine and a particular time.
The fortress consists of two rows of walls (enclosures) with an oval path, arranged concentric and reinforced with flanking elements: two towers and a bastion. The front door is defended by a fortified corridor. The belts protect the interior courtyard, at the heart of the fortress, where the chapel, the fountain and the dungeon are located. The latter dominates by its height (27m) and its massiveness (walls of 1m) the whole complex. During the romantic era, this impressive medieval vestige was nicknamed the Siegfried Tower.
The outer enclosure or zwinger has a maximum diameter of around 70 m with a height of 3 m. The inner enclosure is the most imposing with its 7m height. On the small diameter, it is fortified by two towers: the portal tower (NW) and a defense tower (SE). 24 m high, the portal tower is one of the vertical domes of the complex. There are four bells here, which is why the building is also called the bell tower.
Due to its preservation in good condition, in the middle of a locality bearing until now the imprint of the civilization of the German colonists established in Transylvania, the edifice was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List (1999).
If you look hard enough you may find one, too.
SEVENTY-SIX
“No one who, like me, conjures up the most evil of those half-tamed demons that inhabit the human beast, and seeks to wrestle with them, can expect to come through the struggle unscathed.”
Sigmund Freud
11 days to Halloween!
The tomb was initally built as a temple and only later used as a tomb.
The capital of the ancient Odrysian Kingdom Seuthopolis was located nearby. As there are more than 1000 funeral mounds in the same valley, popularly it is known as the Valley of the Thracian Rulers.
excavation ...
Street work ...
Pic in my Industrialscape Album ...
Pic taken Feb 16, 2022
Thanks for your views, faves. invites and comments ... (c)rebfoto
Sand flying from the hole as this sand martin digs into the cliff at Happisburgh, Norfolk. D500_83416.NEF
It is a very interesting structure with windows fixed on the top of the gate, which is said to have been constructed to see floating clouds through it. But, more interesting is that the gate does not lead to any palace while the name suggests that it led to a Mahal or palace once upon a time.
Recent excavation shows that there was indeed a palace inside the campus and the gate and the palace was orginally built during the 15th century by Malwa Sultan Mehmood Shah Khilji of Khilji dynasty and with time passing the palace was ruined and the Mughal Emperor reconstructed the gate after conquering Chanderi in 1525 and the campus was converted into a garden.
Now one can see partly recovered palace beneath the garden and the fortification of the palace.
Taken in Chanderi, Madhyapradesh, India
Located in the shadow of Mount Vesuvius, Herculaneum (Italian: Ercolano) was an ancient Roman town destroyed by volcanic pyroclastic flows in 79 AD. Its ruins are located in the comune of Ercolano, Campania, Italy.
As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it is famous as one of the few ancient cities that can now be seen in much of its original splendour, as well as for having been lost, along with Pompeii, Stabiae, Oplontis and Boscoreale, in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 that buried it. Unlike Pompeii, the deep pyroclastic material which covered it preserved wooden and other organic-based objects such as roofs, beds, doors, food and even some 300 skeletons which were discovered in recent years along the seashore. It had been thought until then that the town had been evacuated by the inhabitants.
Herculaneum was a wealthier town than Pompeii, possessing an extraordinary density of fine houses with, for example, far more lavish use of coloured marble cladding.
After the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, the town of Herculaneum was buried under approximately 20 metres (50–60 feet) of ash. It lay hidden and largely intact until discoveries from wells and underground tunnels became gradually more widely known, and notably following the Prince d'Elbeuf's explorations in the early 18th century.[2] Excavations continued sporadically up to the present and today many streets and buildings are visible, although over 75% of the town remains buried. Today, the Italian towns of Ercolano and Portici lie on the approximate site of Herculaneum. Until 1969 the town of Ercolano was called Resina. It changed its name to Ercolano, the Italian modernization of the ancient name in honour of the old city.
The inhabitants worshipped above all Hercules, who was believed to be the founder of both the town and Mount Vesuvius.
The catastrophic eruption of Mt. Vesuvius occurred on the afternoon of 24 August AD 79. Because Vesuvius had been dormant for approximately 800 years, it was no longer even recognized as a volcano.
Recent multidisciplinary research on the lethal effects of the pyroclastic surges in the Vesuvius area showed that in the vicinity of Pompeii and Herculaneum, heat was the main cause of the death of people who had previously been thought to have died by ash suffocation. This study shows that exposure to the surges, measuring at least 250 °C (482 °F) even at a distance of 10 kilometres from the vent, was sufficient to cause the instant death of all residents, even if they were sheltered within buildings.