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ANATOMY
Reptiles, the group that gave rise through evolution to birds and mammals, have the same basic body structure as those higher vertebrates. Yet just as birds and mammals changed from their reptilian ancestors, reptiles themselves underwent great changes over their millions of years of existence. This exhibit shows some anatomical features of the reptilian body and shows how structures differ among major groups of reptiles.
RETICULATED PYTHON (Python reticulatus)
Typically, snakes have a greatly elongated body and lack limbs. Some snakes such as this python (see partial skeleton) retain vestiges of the hind limbs, however. This skeleton is 7 meters (23 feet) long. Its 321 vertebrae in the body and 91 in the tail number close to the maximum known in snakes; individuals of some species may have fewer than 130 vertebrae. (Human beings have only 24.) A snake does not add vertebrae and ribs as it grows, but has its full amount before it is born or hatched.
KOMODO DRAGON LIZARD (Varanus komodoensis)
AMERICAN ALLIGATOR (Alligator mississippiensis)
These basically similar skeletons differ in many details evident only on close examination. As an aquatic animal, the alligator has a somewhat high, flattened tail for swimming and relatively small legs and feet. The land-dwelling Dragon has a more rounded tail and larger, more powerful legs. The large, heavy skull of the alligator would be a burden on land but is supported by the water. Another difference in these skeletons is the presence of abdominal ribs (gastralia) in the Alligator.
TEETH
Reptiles of different species may vary greatly in the food they eat, and this shows in their teeth. Seen here are the lower jaws of several reptiles, together with the enlarged drawings of the teeth. Teeth may differ in size and shape from one part of a jaw to another, serving different functions (piercing and holding, cutting, chewing), or may all be much the same. Unlike most mammals, which produce only two sets of teeth in a lifetime, most reptiles are continuously replacing teeth. A lizard may produce hundreds of new teeth in a year. In addition to teeth in the usual places on the jaws, snakes and some lizards also have teeth on bones on the roof of the mouth.
SKULLS
Evolutionary change may involve loss of parts (for example, limbs of snakes), multiplication of parts (vertebrae of snakes) or modification of shape and size of parts. These skulls exemplify such differences among certain bones in four major groups of reptiles:
CROCODILIAN
Caiman, Caiman yacare. The opening for the nostrils of this baby crocodilian is raised and directed upwards, an adaptation to breathing while most of the head is under water.
LIZARD
Nile Monitor Lizard, Varanus niloticus. Despite its solid appearance, this skull was rather flexible in life. For example, the front part of the skull could move on a "hinge" line between the frontal bones (black) and the parietal bone behind. Independent movement of parts of the skull facilitates capture and swallowing of prey.
SNAKE
Reticulated Python, Python reticulatus. A snake's skull is even more loosely put together than a lizard's. The jaws can be spread apart both in front and behind, and all the tooth-bearing bones can move independently. This structure gives the snake great flexibility on catching and swallowing other animals.
TURTLE
Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina. Turtles have massive, solidly built skulls, in contrast to snakes and lizards.
LOGGERHEAD TURTLE, Caretta caretta
The turtle's skeleton is ingenious architecturally and peculiar biologically. The ribs, expanded and joined, form the main part of the upper shell (carapace), and the body vertebrae are immovably fused as part of the shell. Most unusual is the position of the dorsal bones of the shoulder girdle; these lie beneath the ribs rather than atop them, as in other vertebrates. The derivation of the bones of the lower shell (plastron) is unclear; they may incorporate ventral elements of the shoulder girdle and abdominal ribs.
Bony shell elements are somewhat reduced in these sea turtles. A typical land or fresh-water turtle would have a relatively larger, solid plastron firmly joined at the sides to the carapace.
Evolution - Let there be Light. Licht, veel licht was er zeker! Wat een mooie licht- en lasershow. Dat maakt het werk voor partyfotografen leuk en uitdagend :) Behalve mooi licht, werd er ook nog eens top gedraaid. Held van de avond voor mij was toch zeker wel Markus Schulz. Het was voor mij wel even wennen de weg die Tiesto in slaat. Je kunt het mooi vinden of niet, hij blijft zichzelf vernieuwen. Dat was aan de set bij Evolution ook goed te horen. En dat is zeker knap als je al zolang meegaat als Tijs. Al met al een topweekend, met eerst Reloaded..... Dance into the Future en daarna Evolution - Let there be Light. Thx. Radio 538 voor de uitstekende organisatie. Hopelijk krijgt dit initiatief een vervolg volgend jaar.
Hier vind je een selectie van mijn complete set, die geplaatst wordt op: EnergyFlash.nl
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This, er, image is like the band logo. Or something.
The band's called Evolution Revolution and their schtick has to do with hybrid animals and things. It was very complicated and bizarre and hilariously awesome.
Evolution of Saree. A saree is a versatile outfit. That’s what essentially it does. When having a very dull day, wear a saree may it be Peshwai Paithani Sarees or any other type to your work. Let its magic unfurl as you twirl. It lends you a sexier silhouette and causes you to appear as if the diva you are! For more information: onlypaithani.com/collections/paithani