View allAll Photos Tagged eurozone
Macro mondays.....currency.....
There are eight euro coin denominations, ranging from one cent to two euros. The coins first came into use in 1999. They have a common reverse, portraying a map of Europe, but each country in the eurozone has its own design on the obverse, which means that each coin has a variety of different designs in circulation at once.
*Working Towards a Better World
Sending, love, friendship, good vibes, good thoughts, best wishes to the people of Greece!
xo❤️xo❤️xo❤️xo❤️xo❤️xo❤️xo❤️xo❤️xo❤️xo❤️xo❤️xo❤️xo❤️xo❤️
Thank you for your kind visit. Have a wonderful and beautiful day! xo❤️
The Franciscan Church and Monastery is a monument of Baroque architecture. It was founded in 1635 by E. Kurch and his wife Susanna. The complex relief predetermined the asymmetrical composition of the church, including the belfry and the monastery complex. The stone two-story monastery buildings and the three-nave church form an enclosed courtyard. The interior of the church is decorated with sculptures and stucco. The church is famous for the miracle-working icon of Our Lady of the Angels from the 17th century.
Mous, my daughter's cat, is a cat whose only occupation was to have a great time and her only worries were food, cleaningness and her overall wellbeing. I 'd like to note down that she was a stray newborn my daughter adopted when she was in Budapest! Such a tough Hungarian cat and her nose up looking down on you. When we 're just the two of us I chide her of course, but she totally avenges me. Chairs, textiles and other objects are targeted.
Anyway, discussions about debt, financial crisis, exit from the Eurozone and other related issues left her indifferent! But when she heard that many things will be restricted she was seriously worried because she connected those with her comfortable life. She had to understand what exactly the crisis is and how it relates to the economy. Two years ago I found her in the library browsing my daughter's books. I don't know exactly what she read and what she understood, however she said: "Nonsense!!!! The economic theories are infinite. A different one for each case depending whom they serve. Each one contradicts the other! "After that she came down from the library, chased a spider, squeezed her and sent her to meet her ancestors. A fly was next which had the same fate. She then climbed on the library again and she stated: "Did the insects have an opinion about economic theories? Look at what I did to them with my own theory".
I asked her to pose, she finally agreed to publicize the picture, provided to check it first to see if she is photogenic.
Lately she mumbles something about demonstrations and that it is very chic to demonstrate holding a stemmed glass, drinking during the demonstration! She probably opened the TV secretely. Of course I explained to her that what she sees and hears on TV should not be seen not even from animals!
H Mους η γάτα της κόρης μου ,είναι μια γάτα που σαν ασχολία είχε να περνάει όμορφα με μόνη έννοια το φαγητό της, την καθαριότητά της και γενικά την καλοπέρασή της.Σημειωτέον ήταν ένα αδέσποτο νεογέννητο που η κόρη μου υιοθέτησε όταν ήταν στην Βουδαπέστη! Πολύ ζόρικια η Ουγγαρέζα γάτα και η μύτη της ψηλά.Όταν βρισκόμαστε μόνες βέβαια της τα ψέλνω κανονικά ,αλλά κι αυτή με εκδικείται κανονικά. Καρέκλες, υφάσματα και άλλα αντικείμενα γίνονται στόχος.
Τέλος πάντων οι συζητήσεις για χρέος, οικονομική κρίση,έξοδο απο την Ευρωζώνη και άλλα συναφή την αφήνανε αδιάφορη!Όταν όμως άκουσε οτι πολλά πράγματα θα περιοριστούν ανησύχησε σοβαρά διότι το συνέδεσε με την άνετη ζωή της. Έπρεπε να καταλάβει οπωσδήποτε τι πράγμα είναι ακριβώς η κρίση και πως συνδέεται με την οικονομία.Πρίν δυο χρόνια την τσάκωσα στην βιβλιοθήκη να ξεφυλίζει τα βιβλία της κόρης μου.Δεν ξέρω ακριβώς τι διάβασε και τι κατάλαβε ,πάντως μου δήλωσε."Αηδίες!!!!Οι οικονομικές θεωρίες είναι άπειρες.Μία για κάθε περίπτωση και ανάλογα ποιούς εξυπηρετούν .Η μια είναι αντίθετη απο την άλλη ! "Μετά κατέβηκε κυνήγησε μια αράχνη ,την ζούληξε και την έστειλε να συναντήσει τους προγόνους της.Ακολούθησε μια μύγα η οποία είχε την ίδια τύχη. Ανέβηκε στην βιβλιοθήκη πάλι και μου πέταξε. " Είχαν άποψη τα έντομα για οικονομικές θεωρίες? Δες τι τους έκανα εγω με την δική μου θεωρία "
Της ζήτησα να ποζάρει, τελικά δέχτηκε να δημοσιοποιήσω την φωτογραφία,με την προυπόθεση να την ελέγξει πρώτα για να δει αν έχει φωτογένεια.
Τώρα τελευταία κάτι μουρμουρίζει για διαδηλώσεις και ότι είναι πολύ σικ να διαδηλώνεις κρατώντας ένα κολονάτο ποτήρι στο χέρι και πίνοντας στην διάρκεια της διαδήλωσης !Μάλλον άνοιξε την τηλεόραση κρυφά. Της εξήγησα βέβαια πως αυτά που βλέπει και ακούει στην τηλεόραση δεν πρέπει να τα βλέπουν ούτε τα ζώα!
Esterno centro commerciale:piastrelle di (pseudo)marmo rotte. Dettaglio. Trade center broken wall tiles. Street detail. Via Emilia Levante. Bologna 2016
Slowenien / Nationalpark Triglav - Triglav
Triglav seen on the way from Viševnik to Veliki Draški vrh.
Triglav gesehen auf dem Weg vom Viševnik zum Veliki Draški vrh.
Triglav National Park (TNP; Slovene: Triglavski narodni park, TNP) is the only national park in Slovenia. It was established in its modern form in 1981 and is located in the northwestern part of the country, respectively the southeastern part of the Alpine massif. Mount Triglav, the highest peak of the Julian Alps, stands almost in the middle of the national park. From there the valleys spread out radially, supplying water to two large river systems with their sources in the Julian Alps: the Soča and the Sava, flowing to the Adriatic and Black Sea, respectively.
History
The proposal for the protection of the Triglav Lakes Valley area was first put forward by the seismologist Albin Belar in 1906 or 1908. However, the proposal was not accepted, as there was no legal base for it and the laws of the time prohibited any restriction of pasture. The strategic basis for the protection of the area, titled The Memorandum (Spomenica), and which explicitly mentioned the proposal of Belar, was submitted to the Provincial Government for Slovenia in 1920. The idea was finally implemented in 1924. Then, at an initiative by the Nature Protection Section of the Slovene Museum Society together with the Slovene Mountaineering Society, a twenty-year lease was taken out on the Triglav Lakes Valley area, some 14 km². It was destined to become an Alpine Conservation Park; however, permanent conservation was not possible at that time. The name Triglavski narodni park was first used in 1926 by Fran Jesenko.
In 1961, after many years of effort, the protection was renewed (this time on a permanent basis) and somewhat enlarged, embracing around 20 km². The protected area was officially designated as Triglav National Park. It was named after Mount Triglav, a symbol of Slovenia and of Slovene character. However, all objectives of a true national park were not attained and for that reason over the next two decades new proposals for expanding and modifying this protection were put forward.
Finally, in 1981, Triglav National Park was officially established in the modern form. A rearrangement was achieved and the park was given a new concept and expanded to 838 km². In 2010, the park expanded to include the settlement Kneške Ravne (Tolmin), according to wishes of its inhabitants, thus the new park area amounts to 880 km², which is 4% of the area of Slovenia.
Biodiversity
Flora
Systematic surveys of plants, especially of ethnobotanically useful species, in Triglav National Park have been carried out by Chandra Prakash Kala and Petra Ratajc covering various microhabitats, elevations, aspects, and terrain types. The park has over fifty-nine species of ethnobotanical values, of these 37 species (which contribute 62%) fall under four major categories of medicinal plants per the Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia such as H, Z, ZR and ND. Some important species such as Aconitum napellus, Cannabis sativa, and Taxus baccata are not allowed to be collected and used per the Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia.
Fauna
Triglav National Park is home to over 700 species of animals.
Hydrology
Waters in Triglav National Park consist of two watersheds: the Sava River watershed and the Soča River watershed. Many waterfalls can be found in the park, and most of them are located in the valleys of Soča River and its tributaries. The highest waterfall is Boka Falls (106 m). The Tolmin Gorges on the Tolminka River are located in the national park.
The lakes in the park are all of glacial origin. The largest among them is Lake Bohinj. Others are the Triglav Lakes (located in the Triglav Lakes Valley), Lake Krn, and Lower and Upper Lake Križ.
(Wikipedia)
Triglav (pronounced [ˈtɾíːɡlaw]; German: Terglau; Italian: Tricorno), with an elevation of 2,863.65 metres (9,395 ft 2+1⁄8 in), is the highest mountain in Slovenia and the highest peak of the Julian Alps. The mountain is the pre-eminent symbol of the Slovene nation, appearing on the coat of arms and flag of Slovenia. It is the centrepiece of Triglav National Park, Slovenia's only national park. Triglav was also the highest peak in Yugoslavia before Slovenia's independence in 1991.
Name
Various names have been used for the mountain through history. An old map from 1567 used the Latin name Ocra mons, whereas Johann Weikhard von Valvasor called it Krma (the modern name of an Alpine valley in the vicinity) in the second half of the 17th century. According to the German mountaineer and professor Adolf Gstirner, the name Triglav first appeared in written sources as Terglau in 1452, but the original source has been lost. The next known occurrence of Terglau is cited by Gstirner and is from a court description of the border in 1573. Early forms of the name Triglav also include Terglau in 1612, Terglou in 1664 and Terklou around 1778–1789. The name is derived from the compound *Tri-golvъ (literally 'three-head'—that is, 'three peaks'), which may be understood literally because the mountain has three peaks when viewed from much of Upper Carniola. It is unlikely that the name has any connection to the Slavic deity Triglav. In the local dialect, the name is pronounced [tərˈgwɔu̯] (with a second-syllable accent, as if it was written Trglov, with the dark L experiencing vocalization) in contrast to standard Slovene [ˈtɾíːɡlaw]. The highest peak is sometimes also called Big Mount Triglav (Slovene: Veliki Triglav [ˈʋéːliki ˈtɾíːɡlaw]) to distinguish it from Little Mount Triglav (Mali Triglav [ˈmáːli ˈtɾíːɡlaw], 2,738 meters or 8,983 feet) immediately to the east.
History
The first recorded ascent of Triglav was achieved in 1778, at the initiative of the industrialist and polymath Sigmund Zois. According to the most commonly cited report, published in the newspaper Illyrisches Blatt in 1821 by the historian and geographer Johann Richter, these were the surgeon Lovrenz Willomitzer (written as Willonitzer by Richter), the chamois hunter Štefan Rožič, and the miners Luka Korošec and Matevž Kos. According to a report by Belsazar Hacquet in his Oryctographia Carniolica, the ascent took place towards the end of 1778, by two chamois hunters, one of them being Luka Korošec, and one of his former students, whose name is not mentioned.
Triglav's height was first measured on 23 September 1808 by Valentin Stanič. The first to put the name of the mountain on a map, written as Mons Terglou, was Joannes Disma Floriantschitsch de Grienfeld, who in 1744 published the map Ducatus Carniolae Tabula Chorographica. The first map its name appeared on written as Triglav was Zemljovid Slovenske dežele in pokrajin (Map of the Slovene Land and Provinces) by Peter Kosler, completed from 1848 until 1852 and published in Vienna in 1861.
During World War II, Triglav symbolically captured the primary drive by the Slovene resistance to the Fascist and Nazi armies. The Slovene Partisans wore the Triglav cap from 1942 until after 1944.
Triglav was the highest peak of the now defunct Yugoslavia; it was both countries' highest and most prominent peak. The expression "from Triglav to the Vardar" (a river in southern Macedonia) was a common synecdoche for Yugoslavia, referring to two prominent features at the geographic extremes of the nation.
Landmarks
Aljaž Tower
At the top of the mountain stands a small metal structure, the Aljaž Tower (Slovene: Aljažev stolp). It acts as a storm shelter and a triangulation point. Along with Triglav, it is also a landmark of Slovenia and a symbol of the Slovenes and Slovene territorial sovereignty.
The tower's namesake was the priest, mountaineer and patriot Jakob Aljaž. In early 1895, he drew up, with a piece of chalk on the floor of his room in the parish of Dovje, plans for a cylindrical tower with a flag on its top. In April that year he purchased the summit of Triglav for the sum of one florin. Having done so, he secured himself the right to erect a building on the mountain top. The tower was constructed from iron and zinc coated sheet steel by Anton Belec from Šent Vid nad Ljubljano. He and four workers brought the parts of the tower to the summit of Triglav and put the tower together in only five hours on 7 August 1895. The opening took place that same day. Aljaž donated the shelter to the Slovene Alpine Society today Alpine Association of Slovenia.
In the beginning, there were three four-legged chairs, a summit register, a spirit stove, and the image Triglav Panorama by Marko Pernhart in the tower. It was later repainted and renovated several times by Alojz Knafelc and others. In the Communist era, as the highest point of the former Yugoslavia, it was painted red and decorated with a red star. However, it has now more or less been restored to its original appearance. The star was removed shortly before the dissolution of Yugoslavia. On the proclamation of Slovene independence in June 1991, the flag of Slovenia was raised on top of the tower.
Stanič Shelter
In 1895, due to a lack of space, Aljaž also commissioned the building of the Stanič Shelter. It is located 55 metres (180 ft) below the top of Triglav and is named after the poet and mountaineer Valentin Stanič. The shelter has dimensions of 2.4 m × 2.2 m × 2 m (7 ft 10 in × 7 ft 3 in × 6 ft 7 in) and has room for 8 people sitting or 16 standing. Originally it also had a wooden door, benches, a table, and a chair. Its significance diminished after the Kredarica Lodge was erected in 1896.
Triglav Glacier
The Triglav Glacier (Triglavski ledenik) was located below the summit on the karstified Triglav Plateaus (Triglavski podi), part of the northeastern side of the mountain. Covering over 40 hectares (99 acres) at the end of the 19th century, the glacier had shrunk to 15 hectares (37 acres) by 1946, and after further shrinkage had fallen into two parts by 1992. By 2011 it covered an area of only 1–3 hectares, depending on the season. It was no longer considered a glacier in 2019.
Geology
Geologically Triglav is composed of a sequence of Triassic rocks arranged as a stack of thrust sheets, the uppermost of these, forming the summit of Triglav, is the Zlatna klippe, an isolated fragment of the Zlatna nappe (also referred to as the Zlatenski plošči, Slatenskem pokrovu, Slatenskem narivu or Triglavskem pokrovu). In the Triglav area the Zlatna nappe has a well preserved sub-horizontal contact with the underlying Julian nappe which is dominated by a thick succession of more than 1000m of limestones including a cyclic sequence of Dachstein Limestone of Norian to Rhaetian age.
In the upper Vrata Valley, near Kozja Dnina about 2km NNE of Triglav's summit, a sequence of pelagic limestones of Carnian age is exposed. This has been known to paleontologists from the beginning of the 20th century and has produced a variety of excellently preserved fossils which include bivalves, brachiopods, echinoids, crinoids, asteroids, ammonites, belemnites, scleractinian corals, shrimps, lobsters, fish and thylacocephalans.
Cultural significance
Folk literature
The Triglav area is the setting of an old Slovene folk tale concerning a hunter seeking a treasure guarded by an enchanted chamois buck named Zlatorog (lit. 'Goldhorn', after its golden horns).
Arts
The earliest known depiction of Triglav is on the front page of the work Oryctographia Carniolica, written by Belsazar Hacquet. It was a copper engraving made in 1778 by C. Conti after a drawing by Franz Xaver Baraga. Among later visual artists who depicted Triglav, the most well known are Anton Karinger (1829–1870) from Ljubljana, Marko Pernhart (1824–1871) from Klagenfurt, Valentin Hodnik (1896–1935) from Stara Fužina, Edo Deržaj (1904–1980) from Ljubljana, and more recently Marjan Zaletel (born 1945), living in Ljubljana.
Among the musical works related to Triglav, a special place is held for the poem "Oh, Triglav, My Home" (Oj, Triglav, moj dom). It was written in 1894 by the priest and poet Matija Zemljič and quickly became very popular among Slovene mountaineers. In 2007, its first stanza, accompanied by a melody of Jakob Aljaž, became the official anthem of the Alpine Association of Slovenia. An instrumental version of the poem, written by Bojan Adamič, is part of the start and end credits of the annual ski jumping broadcasts from Planica. In 2023, the Slovenian industrial act Laibach released their rendition of the song, titled "O, Triglav, moj dom."
The first Slovene-language full-length film, recorded in 1931 by Janko Ravnik, was titled In the Kingdom of the Goldhorn (V kraljestvu Zlatoroga) and features an ascent by a group of students to the top of Triglav. The second Slovene full-length film, recorded the following year, was titled The Slopes of Mount Triglav (Triglavske strmine). It was directed by Ferdo Delak and was a romantic story featuring a wedding on the top of Triglav.
Since 1968, Triglav has become a theme of avant-garde artists. The first instance was a manifestation by the art group OHO, called Mount Triglav, which took place in December 1968 at Ljubljana's Congress Square. In 2004, the group IRWIN produced a series of paintings named Like to Like/ Mount Triglav. In 2007, an artistic performance was held atop Mount Triglav by the artists Janez Janša (director), Janez Janša (visual artist) and Janez Janša (performance artist) called Mount Triglav on Mount Triglav.
National symbol
A stylized depiction of Triglav's distinctive shape is the central element of the Slovene coat of arms, designed by the sculptor Marko Pogačnik, and is in turn featured on the flag of Slovenia. Alongside San Marino and Slovakia, Slovenia is the only other country in Europe and one of the few in the world to feature a mountain on its coat of arms. Formerly, it was featured on the coat of arms of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia.
The first to depict Triglav as the symbol of the Slovenes was the architect Jože Plečnik, who in 1934 put it besides other coats-of-arms of the nations of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia on the coat of the statue of the Mother of God in front of the parish church in Bled.
During World War II, the stylised Triglav was the symbol of the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation resistance movement. The distinctive three-pronged caps worn by Slovene Partisans during World War II were known as triglavkas.
A relief map of the mountain is the design on the national side of the Slovene 50 eurocent coin.
The former Slovene president Milan Kučan once proclaimed that it is a duty of every Slovenian person to climb Triglav at least once in their lifetime.
(Wikipedia)
Der Nationalpark Triglav (slowenisch: Triglavski narodni park) ist der einzige Nationalpark Sloweniens. Die IUCN ordnet das Gebiet der Kategorie II (Nationalpark) zu (WDPA 2517). Die staatliche Nationalparkverwaltung hat ihren Sitz in Bled.
Geographie
Der Park liegt in den Julischen Alpen, im Nordwesten Sloweniens, an der Grenze zu Italien und Österreich, und hat eine Größe von 83.982 Hektar (839 km²).
Geschichte
1908 wurde erstmals vorgeschlagen, die Triglav-Region nachhaltiger zu schützen. Im Jahr 1924 dann wurde zunächst ein 1.400 ha großes Tal als „Alpiner Schutzpark“ ausgewiesen, der 1961 etwas vergrößert wurde und den Namen Nationalpark bekam. Seit 1981 gibt es den Nationalpark in der heutigen Größe und Form. Im Kernbereich des heutigen Nationalparks werden die Bestimmungen des Naturschutzes streng überwacht.
Im Park gibt es 7.000 km markierte und regelmäßig gewartete Wege mit Gasthöfen und Schutzhütten.
Der Nationalpark
Der Nationalpark ist benannt nach dem mit 2864 m höchsten Berg Sloweniens, dem Triglav, der fast im Zentrum des Parks liegt. Im Nationalpark liegen zahlreiche Gletscherseen, an Gesteinsarten dominiert Kalkstein. Besonders hervorzuheben sind - neben dem hochalpinen Gebiet - die Täler von Soča und Sava Bohinjka mit dem Wocheiner See (Bohinjsko jezero), dem größten dauerhaften See Sloweniens, welche sich eine sehr ursprüngliche Landschaft und Architektur bewahren konnten, sowie die waldreichen Hochebenen Pokljuka und Mežakla.
Die Nationalparkverwaltung sitzt in Bled, ein Informationszentrum Dom Trenta befindet sich in Soča und ein weiterer Infopunkt zum Nationalpark in Kobarid.
Fauna
Die Fauna des Nationalparks ist artenreich. Neben den üblichen Alpenwildtieren wie Steinbock, Gämse, Rothirsch und Auerhahn durchstreifen gelegentlich Braunbären das Gebiet, auch Luchse leben dort. In der Luft kann man Steinadler beobachten. Als Giftschlangen sind die Sand- und die Kreuzotter erwähnenswert. Von den zahlreichen endemischen Arten ist die Marmorataforelle erwähnenswert, die in der Soča sowie einigen anderen Zuflüssen der Adria vorkommt. Ihr Bestand ist noch immer durch die im Zweiten Weltkrieg ausgesetzten Bachforellen bedroht.
Flora
Auch die Pflanzenwelt des Nationalparks ist von Bedeutung. Aufsehen erregten zahlreiche endemische Pflanzenarten bei den Botanikern bereits im 18. Jahrhundert. Bekannt im Triglav-Nationalpark sind die (violette) Zois-Glockenblume, das rote Dolomiten-Fingerkraut sowie der gelbe Julische Mohn und das Alpen-Edelweiß. In den Höhenlagen ab 2000 m wachsen im Schutze von Latschen die als Almrausch bekannte Bewimperte Alpenrose sowie die Zwerg-Alpenrose (Heidekrautgewächse).
Tourismus
Touristisch bedeutsam ist für das Gebiet des Nationalparks, das von einem Netz von einheitlich markierten Bergpfaden durchzogen wird, das Bergsteigen etwa am Svinjak. Der Slowenische Alpenverein unterhält hier 32 Häuser und Hütten. Außerdem ist das Wildwasserpaddeln bedeutsam. Die Flüsse Soča und Koritnica sind ein Anziehungspunkt für Wassersportler, unter anderem wegen einiger herausfordernder Wildwasserstrecken.
Zur Erkundung des Inneren des Nationalparks eignen sich als Ausgangspunkte insbesondere die von Norden im Uhrzeigersinn aufgezählten Ortschaften Kranjska Gora, Bled, Kobarid und Bovec.
(Wikipedia)
Der Triglav ([ˈtɾiːɡlɐʊ]; übersetzt ‚Dreikopf‘, italienisch Monte Tricorno, deutsch analog zur slowenischen Aussprache auch Triglau) ist mit 2864 m. i. J. der höchste Gipfel Sloweniens und der Julischen Alpen. Er liegt im Zentrum des nach ihm benannten Triglav-Nationalparks, des einzigen Nationalparks des Landes.
Der Berg ist durch seine typische Form aus Distanzen von über 100 Kilometern erkennbar – zum Beispiel aus großen Teilen Kärntens. Imposant ist seine Nordwand über dem Vratatal, mit einer Breite von drei Kilometern und einer Höhe von 1500 Metern bis zum Gipfel eine der höchsten Wände der Ostalpen (nach der Ostwand des Watzmanns und mit der Nordwand des Hochstadels in den Lienzer Dolomiten). Die eigentliche Wand bis zum sogenannten Kugy-Band, über dem der Gipfelaufbau ansetzt, ist immer noch 1000 Meter hoch.
Der Berg ist eines der slowenischen Nationalsymbole und zentraler Teil des nationalen Wappens, das sich auch auf der Fahne des Landes wiederfindet. Slowenien, das am 1. Januar 2007 der Eurozone beigetreten ist und den Euro als offizielles Zahlungsmittel eingeführt hat, hat den Triglav auch für die nationale Seite der 50-Eurocentmünze ausgewählt.
Entstehung des Namens
Der Name bedeutet so viel wie „Dreihaupt“ oder „Dreikopf“. Die Entstehung des Namens ist unklar. Einer Legende nach thronte auf dem Berg eine alte slawische Gottheit, der dreiköpfige Triglaw, der mit einem Kopf den Himmel, mit dem zweiten die Erde beherrscht und seinen dritten Kopf dem unterirdischen Reich zuneigt. Andere meinen, dass sich der Name aus der Form des Berges ableitet: drei Gipfel wurden mit drei Köpfen assoziiert.
Balthasar Hacquet nannte den Berg 1783 mit dem Namen Terglou; Adolf Schmidl 1840 ebenso – er gab in Klammern Triglav an. In Herders Konversations-Lexikon 1857 schien nur Terglou auf; auch Julius Kugy verwendete 1876 diesen Namen. Meyers Konversations-Lexikon nannte ihn 1897 hinter Triglav in Klammern. Weitere historische deutsche Schreibungen sind Terglau und Terklou.
Geschichte
Der erste bekannte, aber gescheiterte Besteigungsversuch fand 1777 statt. Er wurde vom berühmten Erforscher der Julischen Alpen, dem Weltreisenden, Naturforscher und Physiker Belsazar Hacquet (1739–1815), in Begleitung von Minenarbeitern des Krainer Wissenschaftsförderers Sigmund Zois von Edelstein (slowenisch: Žiga Zois) unternommen.
Die Erstbesteigung erfolgte am 26. August 1778 durch Lovrenc Willomitzer (1747–1801) aus Stara Fužina mit Luka Korošec (1747–1827) aus Koprivnik, Stefan Rožič (1739–1802) aus Savica und Matija Kos (1744–1798) aus Jereka. Betrieben wurde die Besteigung auch diesmal von Belsazar Hacquet, damals Universitätsprofessor in Laibach, der selbst allerdings den Gipfel nicht erreichte.
Wege zum Gipfel
Beliebtester Ausgangspunkt auf den Triglav ist die Alpenvereinshütte Aljažev dom, die von Mojstrana aus über eine großteils unbefestigte Straße mit dem Auto erreichbar ist. Alternativ kann der Gipfel von Westen (Trenta) aus erreicht werden. Dabei sind 2200 Höhenmeter zu überwinden, für Hin- und Rückweg werden etwa 14 Stunden benötigt. Der Gipfel selbst ist im obersten Bereich von rund 300 Höhenmetern nur über einen Klettersteig mit vielen Eisenklammern und Haltebolzen erreichbar. Auch von Südosten lässt sich der Triglav besteigen, wobei der Zugang über das Krma-Tal führt.
Hütten
Folgende Schutzhütten befinden sich am Triglav oder eignen sich als Ausgangspunkt:
Triglavski dom (Triglavhaus / Kredaricahütte)
Vodnikov dom (Vodnik-Hütte)
Dom Valentina Staniča
Dom Planika
Tržaška koča
Aljažev dom
Kovinarska koča
Koča pri Triglavskih jezerih (Hütte beim Triglavsee)
Koča na Doliču
Aljažev stolp
Auf dem Gipfel befindet sich der Aljažev stolp‚ der Aljaž-Turm, ein wichtiges Symbol des Landes. Er bietet bei Unwettern Bergsteigern kurzzeitigen Unterschlupf.
Der Aljažev stolp wurde am 7. August 1895 errichtet. Jakob Aljaž, ein Priester aus Dovje (Längenfeld), plante und baute ihn. Der zylindrische metallene Turm mit der Flagge wurde von Anton Belec aus Šentvid bei Ljubljana gefertigt und 1922 von Alojz Knafelc restauriert.
Triglav-Gletscher
Der Triglav-Gletscher umfasste zu Beginn der systematischen Messungen im Jahre 1946 eine Fläche von 12,66 ha, 1951 hatte er eine Ausdehnung von 17,78 ha. 1994 war der Gletscher auf ca. 4 ha abgeschmolzen, 2003 war die Eisfläche kleiner als 0,4 ha.
1954 wurde mit Wetterbeobachtungen auf der Kredarica-Hütte begonnen. Im Zeitraum 1961–2011 stellte man eine Erhöhung der durchschnittlichen Lufttemperatur um 1,8 Grad Celsius fest. Dabei war der Temperaturanstieg ungleichmäßig: Von 1961 bis Mitte der siebziger Jahre gab es kaum eine Veränderung, in den folgenden 20 Jahren stieg die Durchschnittstemperatur stark an.
(Wikipedia)
Submitted for #MacroMondays #BackInTheDay.
Since May 2002, the Euro has been the sole currency of the Eurozone members including Austria, Italy, France, and Germany whose former currencies are pictured here.
While still legal tender in the United States, the well-worn 1907 "Indian Head" penny on the left is certainly a relic from "back in the day."
During the recent election campaign the centre right New Democracy ran the slogan "Apofasi Eythynis" - "The Responsible Choice" and made much of the fact that they alone could be trusted with guiding the country's economy through the rough days ahead. Indeed this was virtually the only slogan to grace the thousands of billboards featuring a heavily photoshoped portrait of prime minster Costas Karamanlis that sprung up in the weeks leading up to the October 4th vote.
It seems now that the promise was made in bad faith. Despite swearing blind to Greek voters, the parliament, European Union, Eurostat, lenders and anyone else who'd listen that the country's public borrowing for 2009 wouldn't exceed 3.7% of GNP figures presented by the new PASOK administration seem to show that the figure is likely to be between 10 and 12% of GNP. A discrepancy which has prompted the EU's economy commissioner, Joaquin Almunia to order an inquiry into how the New Democracy government cooked the books on this particular deal.
The money markets less restrained by political and diplomatic considerations were not fooled by the previous government's creative accounting and so downgraded the country's credit rating to the lowest in the Eurozone, making the cost of further public borrowing even more expensive.
No wonder Karamanlis decided on a quick election despite intense opposition from within his own party. Unlike everyone else the country's leadership knew that the lid was about to blow on this financial mess and that if they didn't take the money and run soon the electoral consequences would be even more dire. The policy seems to have been lose the elections, let the opposition deal with the mess and take the blame for the austerity measures that will be imposed on Greece in return for further lending. Then when the electorate starts to lose patience present themselves as a more reasonable alternative.
A fitting tactic for an administration that managed to get itself mixed up in over 50 scandals in just two years.
teacherdudebbq.blogspot.com/2009/10/would-you-buy-used-ca...
Frankfurt, a central German city on the river Main, is a major financial hub that's home to the European Central Bank.
The euro sign (€), the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the Eurozone in the European Union (EU) outside the European Central Bank.
© all rights reserved by B℮n
Welcome to Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak. Banská Bystrica is a city in central Slovakia located on the Hron River in a long and wide valley encircled by the mountain. The present town was founded by German settlers, however it was built upon a former Slavic settlement. It obtained the municipal privileges of a free royal town of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1255. The copper mining town acquired its present picturesque look in the Late Middle Ages when the prosperous burghers built its central churches, mansions, and fortifications. It is also the home of Matej Bel University. As a historical city with an easy access to the surrounding mountains, Banská Bystrica is a popular winter and summer tourist destination.
Banská Bystrica is one of the first Slovak cities to have received the status of the urban monument reservation. The beginning of its history is dated to the time of gold-mining in this region. The town centre of Banská Bystrica is a historical heritage and the castle area has been officially declared a national cultural monument. Take a walk through the town centre and get to know many historical monuments there; in Banská Bystrica there are also many museums that will lead you back to the ancient history of this city. Many historical monuments of Banska Bystrica city are situated on the SNP Square: a Tower clock built in 1552 or a Black Death Column towering in the middle of the Square.
Slowakije of Slovakije is een republiek in Centraal-Europa, die zich op 1 januari 1993 losmaakte uit Tsjecho-Slowakije, dat daardoor ophield te bestaan. De hoofdstad is Bratislava. Het land wordt begrensd door Tsjechië in het noordwesten, Polen in het noorden, Oekraïne in het oosten, Hongarije in het zuiden en Oostenrijk in het westen. Het is een overwegend bergachtig land, dat gedurende de twintigste eeuw weliswaar één geheel vormde met het taalkundig en cultureel nauw verwante Tsjechië, maar dat in de eeuwen daarvoor een heel andere ontwikkeling had doorgemaakt. Slowakije behoorde eeuwenlang tot Hongarije. De emancipatie van het Slowaakse volk kreeg pas laat gestalte. In 2004 trad Slowakije toe tot de NAVO en tot de Europese Unie. In 2009 trad het land ook toe tot de eurozone. Banská Bystrica is schitterend gelegen tussen de Lage Tatra, de Vel'ka Fatra en het Slowaakse Oregebergte. De stad heeft haar middeleeuwse groei en bloei te danken aan zilver en koper, en in mindere mate aan goud. Aan het begin van de dertiende eeuw oefende het gebied grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Duitse mijnwerkers, die gehoord hadden over de rijke zilver- en kopermijnen. In de vijftiende en zestiende eeuw was Banská Bystrica een van de belangrijkste leveranciers van beide metalen in Europa. Het plein dat naar de opstand genoemd is (Námestie SNP), vormt het centrale punt van de stad. Aan het einde van het plein staat de 14e-eeuwse klokkentoren die je kunt beklimmen voor een mooi uitzicht over de stad. De toren werd ook als waag gebruikt. Foto genomen vanuit de klokkentoren van kasteel Banská Bystrica en Kostol svätého Kríža. Er zijn vier verschillende theaters in Banská Bystrica waaronder een staatstheater. Daarnaast kun je het Stedelijk Museum en diverse andere musea bezoeken.
We are passionate about bringing a relaxed approach while creating beautiful, natural and vibrant images.
E C B & the Euro Sign Sculpture
Counting Golden Stars & Gold Ingots in the "Magic Money Tree",a bit further down the Gigantic Eurotowers ... as I was thinking of the uncertain future of the institution.There were some black ominous clouds above,but I removed them in order to write the story under blue skies.As I craned my nake up to capture its entirety,it looked like the Leaning Tower of Pisa,the "Campanile",which the architect intended to stand straight and tall,but the foundation was poorly laid,and soon began to lean ...
German artist Ottmar Hörl made the sculpture to symbolise a unified euro at a time when the currency was still in its infancy ...
A spokesperson for the ECB said that the sculpture’s fate lies with the culture committee and not with the bank ...
Thoughts outside the ECB's headquarters,the New ECB Premises,previously resided in the Eurotower.
Soon,escorted,I'd be "elevated" towards higher levels,from where I could clearly read Homer in the "Iron Bridge" and see from above the "Magic Money Tree" with the "gold ingots",actually,its gilded leaves,which I'll show in another shot ...
Apart from the gilded leaves there is a ball lodged amongst the barren upper branches,but who is going to start the ball rolling with the hot EU issues?
Architecture - Art & the story of the Blue & Gold structure under the Temples of Plutolatry in times of austerity ...
♥ Many thanks for all your visits,comments & your pink ☆s ♥
These came into circulation in January. This is the first one I've seen. Apparently 4.5 million were minted,
Greece (Listeni/ɡriːs/ greess; Greek: Ελλάδα, Elláda [eˈlaða] ( listen)), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Ellīnikī́ Dīmokratía [eliniˈci ðimokraˈti.a]) and known since ancient times as Hellas (/ˈhɛləs/; Greek: Ελλάς, Ellás), is a country located in southeastern Europe. According to the 2011 census, Greece's population is around 10.8 million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki, which is commonly referred to as the co-capital.
Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north and Turkey to the northeast. Greece consists of nine geographic regions: Macedonia, Central Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean Islands (including the Dodecanese and Cyclades), Thrace, Crete, and the Ionian Islands. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands, of which 227 are inhabited. Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous, with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres (9,573 ft).
Greece has one of the longest histories of any country, and is considered the cradle of Western civilization, responsible for the development of democracy, Western philosophy, the Olympic Games, Western literature,[8] historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, and Western drama, including both tragedy and comedy. Greece was first unified under Philip of Macedon in the fourth century BCE. His son Alexander the Great rapidly conquered much of the ancient world, spreading Greek culture and science from the eastern Mediterranean to the Indus River. Annexed by Rome in the second century BCE, Greece became an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire. The first century CE saw the establishment of the Greek Orthodox Church, which shaped the modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider Orthodox World.[9] Falling under Ottoman dominion in the mid-15th century, the modern nation state of Greece emerged in 1830 following the war of independence. Greece's rich historical legacy is reflected in large part by its 17 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, among the most in Europe and the world.[10]
Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life and a very high standard of living. A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities (precursor to the European Union) and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001. It is also a member of numerous other international institutions, including the Council of Europe, NATO,[a] OECD, OIF, OSCE and the WTO. Greece, which is one of the world's largest shipping powers, middle powers and top tourist destinations, has the largest economy in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor.
We are passionate about bringing a relaxed approach while creating beautiful, natural and vibrant images.
© all rights reserved by B℮n
Welcome to Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak. Banská Bystrica is a city in central Slovakia located on the Hron River in a long and wide valley encircled by the mountain. The present town was founded by German settlers, however it was built upon a former Slavic settlement. It obtained the municipal privileges of a free royal town of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1255. The copper mining town acquired its present picturesque look in the Late Middle Ages when the prosperous burghers built its central churches, mansions, and fortifications. It is also the home of Matej Bel University. As a historical city with an easy access to the surrounding mountains, Banská Bystrica is a popular winter and summer tourist destination.
Banská Bystrica is one of the first Slovak cities to have received the status of the urban monument reservation. The beginning of its history is dated to the time of gold-mining in this region. The town centre of Banská Bystrica is a historical heritage and the castle area has been officially declared a national cultural monument. Take a walk through the town centre and get to know many historical monuments there; in Banská Bystrica there are also many museums that will lead you back to the ancient history of this city. Many historical monuments of Banska Bystrica city are situated on the SNP Square.
Slowakije of Slovakije is een republiek in Centraal-Europa, die zich op 1 januari 1993 losmaakte uit Tsjecho-Slowakije, dat daardoor ophield te bestaan. De hoofdstad is Bratislava. Het land wordt begrensd door Tsjechië in het noordwesten, Polen in het noorden, Oekraïne in het oosten, Hongarije in het zuiden en Oostenrijk in het westen. Het is een overwegend bergachtig land, dat gedurende de twintigste eeuw weliswaar één geheel vormde met het taalkundig en cultureel nauw verwante Tsjechië, maar dat in de eeuwen daarvoor een heel andere ontwikkeling had doorgemaakt. Slowakije behoorde eeuwenlang tot Hongarije. De emancipatie van het Slowaakse volk kreeg pas laat gestalte. In 2004 trad Slowakije toe tot de NAVO en tot de Europese Unie. In 2009 trad het land ook toe tot de eurozone. Banská Bystrica is schitterend gelegen tussen de Lage Tatra, de Vel'ka Fatra en het Slowaakse Oregebergte. De stad heeft haar middeleeuwse groei en bloei te danken aan zilver en koper, en in mindere mate aan goud. Aan het begin van de dertiende eeuw oefende het gebied grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Duitse mijnwerkers, die gehoord hadden over de rijke zilver- en kopermijnen. In de vijftiende en zestiende eeuw was Banská Bystrica een van de belangrijkste leveranciers van beide metalen in Europa. Het plein dat naar de opstand genoemd is (Námestie SNP), vormt het centrale punt van de stad. Aan het einde van het plein staat de 14e-eeuwse klokkentoren die je kunt beklimmen voor een mooi uitzicht over de stad. De toren werd ook als waag gebruikt. Foto genomen vanuit de klokkentoren van het Námestie SNP plein. Er zijn vier verschillende theaters in Banská Bystrica waaronder een staatstheater. Daarnaast kun je het Stedelijk Museum en diverse andere musea bezoeken.
Andalusia fields on the way to Ronda from Seville.
Andalusia (/ˌændəˈluːsiə, -ziə, -ʒə/; Spanish: Andalucía [andaluˈθi.a]; Arabic: Al-Andalus الأندلس) is an autonomous community in southern Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities in the country. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a "historical nationality". The territory is divided into eight provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville. Its capital is the city of Seville (Spanish: Sevilla).
Andalusia is in the south of the Iberian peninsula, in south-western Europe, immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar. Andalusia is the only European region with both Mediterranean and Atlantic coastlines. The small British overseas territory of Gibraltar shares a three-quarter-mile land border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar.
The main mountain ranges of Andalusia are the Sierra Morena and the Baetic System, consisting of the Subbaetic and Penibaetic Mountains, separated by the Intrabaetic Basin. In the north, the Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the plains of Extremadura and Castile–La Mancha on Spain's Meseta Central. To the south the geographic subregion of Upper Andalusia lies mostly within the Baetic System, while Lower Andalusia is in the Baetic Depression of the valley of the Guadalquivir.
The name "Andalusia" is derived from the Arabic word Al-Andalus لأندلس)[6) The toponym al-Andalus is first attested by inscriptions on coins minted in 716 by the new Muslim government of Iberia. These coins, called dinars, were inscribed in both Latin and Arabic. The etymology of the name "al-Andalus" has traditionally been derived from the name of the Vandals; however, a number of proposals since the 1980s have challenged this contention. Halm in 1989 derived the name from a Gothic term, *landahlauts, and in 2002, Bossong suggested its derivation from a pre-Roman substrate. The region's history and culture have been influenced by the native Iberians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Vandals, Visigoths, Byzantines, Jews, Romani, Muslim Moors and the Castilian and other Christian North Iberian nationalities who reconquered and settled the area in the latter phases of the Reconquista.
Andalusia has been a traditionally agricultural region, compared to the rest of Spain and the rest of Europe. However, the growth of the community especially in the sectors of industry and services was above average in Spain and higher than many communities in the Eurozone. The region has a rich culture and a strong identity. Many cultural phenomena that are seen internationally as distinctively Spanish are largely or entirely Andalusian in origin. These include flamenco and, to a lesser extent, bullfighting and Hispano-Moorish architectural styles, both of which are also prevalent in other regions of Spain.
Andalusia's hinterland is the hottest area of Europe, with cities like Córdoba and Seville averaging above 36 °C (97 °F) in summer high temperatures. Late evening temperatures can sometimes stay around 35 °C (95 °F) until close to midnight, with daytime highs of over 40 °C (104 °F) common. Seville also has the highest average annual temperature in mainland Spain and mainland Europe (19.2 °C), closely followed by Almería (19.1 °C).
Source: Wikipedia
Facebook page: www.facebook.com/mariano.colombotto.photography
Instagram: www.instagram.com/mariano.colombotto.photography
500px: 500px.com/marianocolombotto
Kann man in Kroatien schon mit Euro bezahlen?
Im Urlaubsland Kroatien gilt seit diesem Jahr offiziell der Euro als Landeswährung.
Wie Reisende profitieren und wo Sie jetzt noch Kuna eintauschen können. Kroatien gehört seit dem 1. Januar 2023 zur Eurozone.
#
Die 1-€-Münze wurde von Jagor Šunde, David Čemeljić und Fran Zekan gestaltet und zeigt einen Marder vor einem Schachbrettmuster.
Der Marder ist ein kleines Säugetier, nach dem die frühere Währung des Landes, die Kuna, benannt war. Ergänzt wird das Design durch das Ausgabejahr sowie die Aufschrift „HRVATSKA“, der Name des Landes auf Kroatisch.
#
Kroatien hat für die nationalen Seiten seiner Euro-Münzen vier Designs ausgewählt. Bei allen ist im Hintergrund das charakteristische kroatische Schachbrettmuster zu sehen.
Außerdem sind auf sämtlichen Münzen die zwölf Sterne der Europäischen Union abgebildet.
##
Die Kuna (kroatisch für Marder) war vom 30. Mai 1994 bis zum 31. Dezember 2022 die Währung der Republik Kroatien und wurde von der Kroatischen Nationalbank ausgegeben.
Eine Kuna entsprach 100 Lipa (kroatisch für Linde).
Der internationale Währungscode war HRK; in Kroatien wurde meist die Abkürzung kn verwendet.
#
Euro (EUR)-- Kuna (HRK)
1 €-- entsprach 7,53 kn
Die EURO-ZONE hat nun 20 offiziell Mitgliedsstaaten.
www.adac.de/news/euro-einfuehrung-kroatien-bulgarien/#:~:....
Pläne zur Euro-Einführung auch in Bulgarien
Neben Kroatien plant auch Bulgarien den Beitritt zur Eurozone. Neues Zieldatum ist hier der 1. Januar 2025. Der ursprünglich angepeilte Termin 2024 musste aufgrund von innenpolitischen Schwierigkeiten um ein Jahr verschoben werden.
Prinzipiell steht der Euro allen EU-Staaten offen. Weitere Beitritte, die über die beiden Länder hinausgehen, sind in den nächsten Jahren aber unwahrscheinlich. Tschechien, Polen und Ungarn haben die Euro-Einführung auf unbestimmte Zeit verschoben, in Dänemark und Schweden hat sich die Bevölkerung in Referenden gegen den Euro ausgesprochen. In Rumänien gibt es zwar entsprechende Pläne, ein konkreter Termin zeichnet sich bislang allerdings nicht ab.
على عكس الكثير من عواصم العالم فإن ستوكهولم تكاد ان تكون مدينة من الضواحي. وهذا ما يزيد في روعتها.
You tend to think of The Capital City of any country as highly congested place with minimum greenery; not in Sweden. Stockholm is one of the loveliest capitals that I visited.
© all rights reserved by B℮n
Welcome to Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak. Banská Bystrica is a city in central Slovakia located on the Hron River in a long and wide valley encircled by the mountain. The present town was founded by German settlers, however it was built upon a former Slavic settlement. It obtained the municipal privileges of a free royal town of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1255. The copper mining town acquired its present picturesque look in the Late Middle Ages when the prosperous burghers built its central churches, mansions, and fortifications. It is also the home of Matej Bel University. As a historical city with an easy access to the surrounding mountains, Banská Bystrica is a popular winter and summer tourist destination.
Banská Bystrica is one of the first Slovak cities to have received the status of the urban monument reservation. The beginning of its history is dated to the time of gold-mining in this region. The town centre of Banská Bystrica is a historical heritage and the castle area has been officially declared a national cultural monument. Take a walk through the town centre and get to know many historical monuments there; in Banská Bystrica there are also many museums that will lead you back to the ancient history of this city. Many historical monuments of Banska Bystrica city are situated on the SNP Square: a Tower clock built in 1552 or a Black Death Column towering in the middle of the Square. Photo of the medieval street Horná Strieborná.
Slowakije of Slovakije is een republiek in Centraal-Europa, die zich op 1 januari 1993 losmaakte uit Tsjecho-Slowakije, dat daardoor ophield te bestaan. De hoofdstad is Bratislava. Het land wordt begrensd door Tsjechië in het noordwesten, Polen in het noorden, Oekraïne in het oosten, Hongarije in het zuiden en Oostenrijk in het westen. Het is een overwegend bergachtig land, dat gedurende de twintigste eeuw weliswaar één geheel vormde met het taalkundig en cultureel nauw verwante Tsjechië, maar dat in de eeuwen daarvoor een heel andere ontwikkeling had doorgemaakt. Slowakije behoorde eeuwenlang tot Hongarije. De emancipatie van het Slowaakse volk kreeg pas laat gestalte. In 2004 trad Slowakije toe tot de NAVO en tot de Europese Unie. In 2009 trad het land ook toe tot de eurozone. Banská Bystrica is schitterend gelegen tussen de Lage Tatra, de Vel'ka Fatra en het Slowaakse Oregebergte. De stad heeft haar middeleeuwse groei en bloei te danken aan zilver en koper, en in mindere mate aan goud. Aan het begin van de dertiende eeuw oefende het gebied grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Duitse mijnwerkers, die gehoord hadden over de rijke zilver- en kopermijnen. In de vijftiende en zestiende eeuw was Banská Bystrica een van de belangrijkste leveranciers van beide metalen in Europa. Het plein dat naar de opstand genoemd is (Námestie SNP), vormt het centrale punt van de stad. Aan het einde van het plein staat de 14e-eeuwse klokkentoren die je kunt beklimmen voor een mooi uitzicht over de stad. De toren werd ook als waag gebruikt. Foto genomen vanuit de klokkentoren van kasteel Banská Bystrica en Kostol svätého Kríža. Er zijn vier verschillende theaters in Banská Bystrica waaronder een staatstheater. Daarnaast kun je het Stedelijk Museum en diverse andere musea bezoeken.
acrylic on canvas, 2015, 70 x 100 cm
Troika = IMF + ECB + EC
The Troika is now focused on Greece but Greece is only a laboratory for change(Jan Theuninck, 03 July 2015)
Jan Theuninck is a Belgian painter
www.boekgrrls.nl/BgDiversen/Onderwerpen/gedichten_over_sc...
www.forumeerstewereldoorlog.be/wiki/index.php/Yperite-Jan...
www.graphiste-webdesigner.fr/blog/2013/04/la-peinture-bel...
Wanås Castle is a castle in Östra Göinge Municipality, Scania South Sweden. During spring and summer it hosts one of the very beautiful outdoor art exhibitions in the area. Really lovely.
Slowenien / Nationalpark Triglav - Viševnik
Triglav seen from Viševnik
Triglav gesehen vom Viševnik
Triglav National Park (TNP; Slovene: Triglavski narodni park, TNP) is the only national park in Slovenia. It was established in its modern form in 1981 and is located in the northwestern part of the country, respectively the southeastern part of the Alpine massif. Mount Triglav, the highest peak of the Julian Alps, stands almost in the middle of the national park. From there the valleys spread out radially, supplying water to two large river systems with their sources in the Julian Alps: the Soča and the Sava, flowing to the Adriatic and Black Sea, respectively.
History
The proposal for the protection of the Triglav Lakes Valley area was first put forward by the seismologist Albin Belar in 1906 or 1908. However, the proposal was not accepted, as there was no legal base for it and the laws of the time prohibited any restriction of pasture. The strategic basis for the protection of the area, titled The Memorandum (Spomenica), and which explicitly mentioned the proposal of Belar, was submitted to the Provincial Government for Slovenia in 1920. The idea was finally implemented in 1924. Then, at an initiative by the Nature Protection Section of the Slovene Museum Society together with the Slovene Mountaineering Society, a twenty-year lease was taken out on the Triglav Lakes Valley area, some 14 km². It was destined to become an Alpine Conservation Park; however, permanent conservation was not possible at that time. The name Triglavski narodni park was first used in 1926 by Fran Jesenko.
In 1961, after many years of effort, the protection was renewed (this time on a permanent basis) and somewhat enlarged, embracing around 20 km². The protected area was officially designated as Triglav National Park. It was named after Mount Triglav, a symbol of Slovenia and of Slovene character. However, all objectives of a true national park were not attained and for that reason over the next two decades new proposals for expanding and modifying this protection were put forward.
Finally, in 1981, Triglav National Park was officially established in the modern form. A rearrangement was achieved and the park was given a new concept and expanded to 838 km². In 2010, the park expanded to include the settlement Kneške Ravne (Tolmin), according to wishes of its inhabitants, thus the new park area amounts to 880 km², which is 4% of the area of Slovenia.
Biodiversity
Flora
Systematic surveys of plants, especially of ethnobotanically useful species, in Triglav National Park have been carried out by Chandra Prakash Kala and Petra Ratajc covering various microhabitats, elevations, aspects, and terrain types. The park has over fifty-nine species of ethnobotanical values, of these 37 species (which contribute 62%) fall under four major categories of medicinal plants per the Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia such as H, Z, ZR and ND. Some important species such as Aconitum napellus, Cannabis sativa, and Taxus baccata are not allowed to be collected and used per the Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia.
Fauna
Triglav National Park is home to over 700 species of animals.
Hydrology
Waters in Triglav National Park consist of two watersheds: the Sava River watershed and the Soča River watershed. Many waterfalls can be found in the park, and most of them are located in the valleys of Soča River and its tributaries. The highest waterfall is Boka Falls (106 m). The Tolmin Gorges on the Tolminka River are located in the national park.
The lakes in the park are all of glacial origin. The largest among them is Lake Bohinj. Others are the Triglav Lakes (located in the Triglav Lakes Valley), Lake Krn, and Lower and Upper Lake Križ.
(Wikipedia)
Triglav (pronounced [ˈtɾíːɡlaw]; German: Terglau; Italian: Tricorno), with an elevation of 2,863.65 metres (9,395 ft 2+1⁄8 in), is the highest mountain in Slovenia and the highest peak of the Julian Alps. The mountain is the pre-eminent symbol of the Slovene nation, appearing on the coat of arms and flag of Slovenia. It is the centrepiece of Triglav National Park, Slovenia's only national park. Triglav was also the highest peak in Yugoslavia before Slovenia's independence in 1991.
Name
Various names have been used for the mountain through history. An old map from 1567 used the Latin name Ocra mons, whereas Johann Weikhard von Valvasor called it Krma (the modern name of an Alpine valley in the vicinity) in the second half of the 17th century. According to the German mountaineer and professor Adolf Gstirner, the name Triglav first appeared in written sources as Terglau in 1452, but the original source has been lost. The next known occurrence of Terglau is cited by Gstirner and is from a court description of the border in 1573. Early forms of the name Triglav also include Terglau in 1612, Terglou in 1664 and Terklou around 1778–1789. The name is derived from the compound *Tri-golvъ (literally 'three-head'—that is, 'three peaks'), which may be understood literally because the mountain has three peaks when viewed from much of Upper Carniola. It is unlikely that the name has any connection to the Slavic deity Triglav. In the local dialect, the name is pronounced [tərˈgwɔu̯] (with a second-syllable accent, as if it was written Trglov, with the dark L experiencing vocalization) in contrast to standard Slovene [ˈtɾíːɡlaw]. The highest peak is sometimes also called Big Mount Triglav (Slovene: Veliki Triglav [ˈʋéːliki ˈtɾíːɡlaw]) to distinguish it from Little Mount Triglav (Mali Triglav [ˈmáːli ˈtɾíːɡlaw], 2,738 meters or 8,983 feet) immediately to the east.
History
The first recorded ascent of Triglav was achieved in 1778, at the initiative of the industrialist and polymath Sigmund Zois. According to the most commonly cited report, published in the newspaper Illyrisches Blatt in 1821 by the historian and geographer Johann Richter, these were the surgeon Lovrenz Willomitzer (written as Willonitzer by Richter), the chamois hunter Štefan Rožič, and the miners Luka Korošec and Matevž Kos. According to a report by Belsazar Hacquet in his Oryctographia Carniolica, the ascent took place towards the end of 1778, by two chamois hunters, one of them being Luka Korošec, and one of his former students, whose name is not mentioned.
Triglav's height was first measured on 23 September 1808 by Valentin Stanič. The first to put the name of the mountain on a map, written as Mons Terglou, was Joannes Disma Floriantschitsch de Grienfeld, who in 1744 published the map Ducatus Carniolae Tabula Chorographica. The first map its name appeared on written as Triglav was Zemljovid Slovenske dežele in pokrajin (Map of the Slovene Land and Provinces) by Peter Kosler, completed from 1848 until 1852 and published in Vienna in 1861.
During World War II, Triglav symbolically captured the primary drive by the Slovene resistance to the Fascist and Nazi armies. The Slovene Partisans wore the Triglav cap from 1942 until after 1944.
Triglav was the highest peak of the now defunct Yugoslavia; it was both countries' highest and most prominent peak. The expression "from Triglav to the Vardar" (a river in southern Macedonia) was a common synecdoche for Yugoslavia, referring to two prominent features at the geographic extremes of the nation.
Landmarks
Aljaž Tower
At the top of the mountain stands a small metal structure, the Aljaž Tower (Slovene: Aljažev stolp). It acts as a storm shelter and a triangulation point. Along with Triglav, it is also a landmark of Slovenia and a symbol of the Slovenes and Slovene territorial sovereignty.
The tower's namesake was the priest, mountaineer and patriot Jakob Aljaž. In early 1895, he drew up, with a piece of chalk on the floor of his room in the parish of Dovje, plans for a cylindrical tower with a flag on its top. In April that year he purchased the summit of Triglav for the sum of one florin. Having done so, he secured himself the right to erect a building on the mountain top. The tower was constructed from iron and zinc coated sheet steel by Anton Belec from Šent Vid nad Ljubljano. He and four workers brought the parts of the tower to the summit of Triglav and put the tower together in only five hours on 7 August 1895. The opening took place that same day. Aljaž donated the shelter to the Slovene Alpine Society today Alpine Association of Slovenia.
In the beginning, there were three four-legged chairs, a summit register, a spirit stove, and the image Triglav Panorama by Marko Pernhart in the tower. It was later repainted and renovated several times by Alojz Knafelc and others. In the Communist era, as the highest point of the former Yugoslavia, it was painted red and decorated with a red star. However, it has now more or less been restored to its original appearance. The star was removed shortly before the dissolution of Yugoslavia. On the proclamation of Slovene independence in June 1991, the flag of Slovenia was raised on top of the tower.
Stanič Shelter
In 1895, due to a lack of space, Aljaž also commissioned the building of the Stanič Shelter. It is located 55 metres (180 ft) below the top of Triglav and is named after the poet and mountaineer Valentin Stanič. The shelter has dimensions of 2.4 m × 2.2 m × 2 m (7 ft 10 in × 7 ft 3 in × 6 ft 7 in) and has room for 8 people sitting or 16 standing. Originally it also had a wooden door, benches, a table, and a chair. Its significance diminished after the Kredarica Lodge was erected in 1896.
Triglav Glacier
The Triglav Glacier (Triglavski ledenik) was located below the summit on the karstified Triglav Plateaus (Triglavski podi), part of the northeastern side of the mountain. Covering over 40 hectares (99 acres) at the end of the 19th century, the glacier had shrunk to 15 hectares (37 acres) by 1946, and after further shrinkage had fallen into two parts by 1992. By 2011 it covered an area of only 1–3 hectares, depending on the season. It was no longer considered a glacier in 2019.
Geology
Geologically Triglav is composed of a sequence of Triassic rocks arranged as a stack of thrust sheets, the uppermost of these, forming the summit of Triglav, is the Zlatna klippe, an isolated fragment of the Zlatna nappe (also referred to as the Zlatenski plošči, Slatenskem pokrovu, Slatenskem narivu or Triglavskem pokrovu). In the Triglav area the Zlatna nappe has a well preserved sub-horizontal contact with the underlying Julian nappe which is dominated by a thick succession of more than 1000m of limestones including a cyclic sequence of Dachstein Limestone of Norian to Rhaetian age.
In the upper Vrata Valley, near Kozja Dnina about 2km NNE of Triglav's summit, a sequence of pelagic limestones of Carnian age is exposed. This has been known to paleontologists from the beginning of the 20th century and has produced a variety of excellently preserved fossils which include bivalves, brachiopods, echinoids, crinoids, asteroids, ammonites, belemnites, scleractinian corals, shrimps, lobsters, fish and thylacocephalans.
Cultural significance
Folk literature
The Triglav area is the setting of an old Slovene folk tale concerning a hunter seeking a treasure guarded by an enchanted chamois buck named Zlatorog (lit. 'Goldhorn', after its golden horns).
Arts
The earliest known depiction of Triglav is on the front page of the work Oryctographia Carniolica, written by Belsazar Hacquet. It was a copper engraving made in 1778 by C. Conti after a drawing by Franz Xaver Baraga. Among later visual artists who depicted Triglav, the most well known are Anton Karinger (1829–1870) from Ljubljana, Marko Pernhart (1824–1871) from Klagenfurt, Valentin Hodnik (1896–1935) from Stara Fužina, Edo Deržaj (1904–1980) from Ljubljana, and more recently Marjan Zaletel (born 1945), living in Ljubljana.
Among the musical works related to Triglav, a special place is held for the poem "Oh, Triglav, My Home" (Oj, Triglav, moj dom). It was written in 1894 by the priest and poet Matija Zemljič and quickly became very popular among Slovene mountaineers. In 2007, its first stanza, accompanied by a melody of Jakob Aljaž, became the official anthem of the Alpine Association of Slovenia. An instrumental version of the poem, written by Bojan Adamič, is part of the start and end credits of the annual ski jumping broadcasts from Planica. In 2023, the Slovenian industrial act Laibach released their rendition of the song, titled "O, Triglav, moj dom."
The first Slovene-language full-length film, recorded in 1931 by Janko Ravnik, was titled In the Kingdom of the Goldhorn (V kraljestvu Zlatoroga) and features an ascent by a group of students to the top of Triglav. The second Slovene full-length film, recorded the following year, was titled The Slopes of Mount Triglav (Triglavske strmine). It was directed by Ferdo Delak and was a romantic story featuring a wedding on the top of Triglav.
Since 1968, Triglav has become a theme of avant-garde artists. The first instance was a manifestation by the art group OHO, called Mount Triglav, which took place in December 1968 at Ljubljana's Congress Square. In 2004, the group IRWIN produced a series of paintings named Like to Like/ Mount Triglav. In 2007, an artistic performance was held atop Mount Triglav by the artists Janez Janša (director), Janez Janša (visual artist) and Janez Janša (performance artist) called Mount Triglav on Mount Triglav.
National symbol
A stylized depiction of Triglav's distinctive shape is the central element of the Slovene coat of arms, designed by the sculptor Marko Pogačnik, and is in turn featured on the flag of Slovenia. Alongside San Marino and Slovakia, Slovenia is the only other country in Europe and one of the few in the world to feature a mountain on its coat of arms. Formerly, it was featured on the coat of arms of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia.
The first to depict Triglav as the symbol of the Slovenes was the architect Jože Plečnik, who in 1934 put it besides other coats-of-arms of the nations of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia on the coat of the statue of the Mother of God in front of the parish church in Bled.
During World War II, the stylised Triglav was the symbol of the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation resistance movement. The distinctive three-pronged caps worn by Slovene Partisans during World War II were known as triglavkas.
A relief map of the mountain is the design on the national side of the Slovene 50 eurocent coin.
The former Slovene president Milan Kučan once proclaimed that it is a duty of every Slovenian person to climb Triglav at least once in their lifetime.
(Wikipedia)
Der Nationalpark Triglav (slowenisch: Triglavski narodni park) ist der einzige Nationalpark Sloweniens. Die IUCN ordnet das Gebiet der Kategorie II (Nationalpark) zu (WDPA 2517). Die staatliche Nationalparkverwaltung hat ihren Sitz in Bled.
Geographie
Der Park liegt in den Julischen Alpen, im Nordwesten Sloweniens, an der Grenze zu Italien und Österreich, und hat eine Größe von 83.982 Hektar (839 km²).
Geschichte
1908 wurde erstmals vorgeschlagen, die Triglav-Region nachhaltiger zu schützen. Im Jahr 1924 dann wurde zunächst ein 1.400 ha großes Tal als „Alpiner Schutzpark“ ausgewiesen, der 1961 etwas vergrößert wurde und den Namen Nationalpark bekam. Seit 1981 gibt es den Nationalpark in der heutigen Größe und Form. Im Kernbereich des heutigen Nationalparks werden die Bestimmungen des Naturschutzes streng überwacht.
Im Park gibt es 7.000 km markierte und regelmäßig gewartete Wege mit Gasthöfen und Schutzhütten.
Der Nationalpark
Der Nationalpark ist benannt nach dem mit 2864 m höchsten Berg Sloweniens, dem Triglav, der fast im Zentrum des Parks liegt. Im Nationalpark liegen zahlreiche Gletscherseen, an Gesteinsarten dominiert Kalkstein. Besonders hervorzuheben sind - neben dem hochalpinen Gebiet - die Täler von Soča und Sava Bohinjka mit dem Wocheiner See (Bohinjsko jezero), dem größten dauerhaften See Sloweniens, welche sich eine sehr ursprüngliche Landschaft und Architektur bewahren konnten, sowie die waldreichen Hochebenen Pokljuka und Mežakla.
Die Nationalparkverwaltung sitzt in Bled, ein Informationszentrum Dom Trenta befindet sich in Soča und ein weiterer Infopunkt zum Nationalpark in Kobarid.
Fauna
Die Fauna des Nationalparks ist artenreich. Neben den üblichen Alpenwildtieren wie Steinbock, Gämse, Rothirsch und Auerhahn durchstreifen gelegentlich Braunbären das Gebiet, auch Luchse leben dort. In der Luft kann man Steinadler beobachten. Als Giftschlangen sind die Sand- und die Kreuzotter erwähnenswert. Von den zahlreichen endemischen Arten ist die Marmorataforelle erwähnenswert, die in der Soča sowie einigen anderen Zuflüssen der Adria vorkommt. Ihr Bestand ist noch immer durch die im Zweiten Weltkrieg ausgesetzten Bachforellen bedroht.
Flora
Auch die Pflanzenwelt des Nationalparks ist von Bedeutung. Aufsehen erregten zahlreiche endemische Pflanzenarten bei den Botanikern bereits im 18. Jahrhundert. Bekannt im Triglav-Nationalpark sind die (violette) Zois-Glockenblume, das rote Dolomiten-Fingerkraut sowie der gelbe Julische Mohn und das Alpen-Edelweiß. In den Höhenlagen ab 2000 m wachsen im Schutze von Latschen die als Almrausch bekannte Bewimperte Alpenrose sowie die Zwerg-Alpenrose (Heidekrautgewächse).
Tourismus
Touristisch bedeutsam ist für das Gebiet des Nationalparks, das von einem Netz von einheitlich markierten Bergpfaden durchzogen wird, das Bergsteigen etwa am Svinjak. Der Slowenische Alpenverein unterhält hier 32 Häuser und Hütten. Außerdem ist das Wildwasserpaddeln bedeutsam. Die Flüsse Soča und Koritnica sind ein Anziehungspunkt für Wassersportler, unter anderem wegen einiger herausfordernder Wildwasserstrecken.
Zur Erkundung des Inneren des Nationalparks eignen sich als Ausgangspunkte insbesondere die von Norden im Uhrzeigersinn aufgezählten Ortschaften Kranjska Gora, Bled, Kobarid und Bovec.
(Wikipedia)
Der Triglav ([ˈtɾiːɡlɐʊ]; übersetzt ‚Dreikopf‘, italienisch Monte Tricorno, deutsch analog zur slowenischen Aussprache auch Triglau) ist mit 2864 m. i. J. der höchste Gipfel Sloweniens und der Julischen Alpen. Er liegt im Zentrum des nach ihm benannten Triglav-Nationalparks, des einzigen Nationalparks des Landes.
Der Berg ist durch seine typische Form aus Distanzen von über 100 Kilometern erkennbar – zum Beispiel aus großen Teilen Kärntens. Imposant ist seine Nordwand über dem Vratatal, mit einer Breite von drei Kilometern und einer Höhe von 1500 Metern bis zum Gipfel eine der höchsten Wände der Ostalpen (nach der Ostwand des Watzmanns und mit der Nordwand des Hochstadels in den Lienzer Dolomiten). Die eigentliche Wand bis zum sogenannten Kugy-Band, über dem der Gipfelaufbau ansetzt, ist immer noch 1000 Meter hoch.
Der Berg ist eines der slowenischen Nationalsymbole und zentraler Teil des nationalen Wappens, das sich auch auf der Fahne des Landes wiederfindet. Slowenien, das am 1. Januar 2007 der Eurozone beigetreten ist und den Euro als offizielles Zahlungsmittel eingeführt hat, hat den Triglav auch für die nationale Seite der 50-Eurocentmünze ausgewählt.
Entstehung des Namens
Der Name bedeutet so viel wie „Dreihaupt“ oder „Dreikopf“. Die Entstehung des Namens ist unklar. Einer Legende nach thronte auf dem Berg eine alte slawische Gottheit, der dreiköpfige Triglaw, der mit einem Kopf den Himmel, mit dem zweiten die Erde beherrscht und seinen dritten Kopf dem unterirdischen Reich zuneigt. Andere meinen, dass sich der Name aus der Form des Berges ableitet: drei Gipfel wurden mit drei Köpfen assoziiert.
Balthasar Hacquet nannte den Berg 1783 mit dem Namen Terglou; Adolf Schmidl 1840 ebenso – er gab in Klammern Triglav an. In Herders Konversations-Lexikon 1857 schien nur Terglou auf; auch Julius Kugy verwendete 1876 diesen Namen. Meyers Konversations-Lexikon nannte ihn 1897 hinter Triglav in Klammern. Weitere historische deutsche Schreibungen sind Terglau und Terklou.
Geschichte
Der erste bekannte, aber gescheiterte Besteigungsversuch fand 1777 statt. Er wurde vom berühmten Erforscher der Julischen Alpen, dem Weltreisenden, Naturforscher und Physiker Belsazar Hacquet (1739–1815), in Begleitung von Minenarbeitern des Krainer Wissenschaftsförderers Sigmund Zois von Edelstein (slowenisch: Žiga Zois) unternommen.
Die Erstbesteigung erfolgte am 26. August 1778 durch Lovrenc Willomitzer (1747–1801) aus Stara Fužina mit Luka Korošec (1747–1827) aus Koprivnik, Stefan Rožič (1739–1802) aus Savica und Matija Kos (1744–1798) aus Jereka. Betrieben wurde die Besteigung auch diesmal von Belsazar Hacquet, damals Universitätsprofessor in Laibach, der selbst allerdings den Gipfel nicht erreichte.
Wege zum Gipfel
Beliebtester Ausgangspunkt auf den Triglav ist die Alpenvereinshütte Aljažev dom, die von Mojstrana aus über eine großteils unbefestigte Straße mit dem Auto erreichbar ist. Alternativ kann der Gipfel von Westen (Trenta) aus erreicht werden. Dabei sind 2200 Höhenmeter zu überwinden, für Hin- und Rückweg werden etwa 14 Stunden benötigt. Der Gipfel selbst ist im obersten Bereich von rund 300 Höhenmetern nur über einen Klettersteig mit vielen Eisenklammern und Haltebolzen erreichbar. Auch von Südosten lässt sich der Triglav besteigen, wobei der Zugang über das Krma-Tal führt.
Hütten
Folgende Schutzhütten befinden sich am Triglav oder eignen sich als Ausgangspunkt:
Triglavski dom (Triglavhaus / Kredaricahütte)
Vodnikov dom (Vodnik-Hütte)
Dom Valentina Staniča
Dom Planika
Tržaška koča
Aljažev dom
Kovinarska koča
Koča pri Triglavskih jezerih (Hütte beim Triglavsee)
Koča na Doliču
Aljažev stolp
Auf dem Gipfel befindet sich der Aljažev stolp‚ der Aljaž-Turm, ein wichtiges Symbol des Landes. Er bietet bei Unwettern Bergsteigern kurzzeitigen Unterschlupf.
Der Aljažev stolp wurde am 7. August 1895 errichtet. Jakob Aljaž, ein Priester aus Dovje (Längenfeld), plante und baute ihn. Der zylindrische metallene Turm mit der Flagge wurde von Anton Belec aus Šentvid bei Ljubljana gefertigt und 1922 von Alojz Knafelc restauriert.
Triglav-Gletscher
Der Triglav-Gletscher umfasste zu Beginn der systematischen Messungen im Jahre 1946 eine Fläche von 12,66 ha, 1951 hatte er eine Ausdehnung von 17,78 ha. 1994 war der Gletscher auf ca. 4 ha abgeschmolzen, 2003 war die Eisfläche kleiner als 0,4 ha.
1954 wurde mit Wetterbeobachtungen auf der Kredarica-Hütte begonnen. Im Zeitraum 1961–2011 stellte man eine Erhöhung der durchschnittlichen Lufttemperatur um 1,8 Grad Celsius fest. Dabei war der Temperaturanstieg ungleichmäßig: Von 1961 bis Mitte der siebziger Jahre gab es kaum eine Veränderung, in den folgenden 20 Jahren stieg die Durchschnittstemperatur stark an.
(Wikipedia)
Nothing political intended, what with the UK soon to say 'aye' or 'nay', but I do trust that this does not contravene European Commission guidance on reproducing banknotes, in particular:
...one-sided reproductions depicting a part of the front or reverse side: such part should be smaller than one third of the original front or reverse side...
Toda mi solidaridad con el drama griego
---------------
All my solidarity with the greek drama
STOP THE LOOTING TO THE COUNTRIES OF SOUTHERN EUROPE ("PIGS")...THIS EUROPE IS NOT MY HOME
-----
STOP AL SAQUEO A LOS PAISES DEL SUR DE EUROPA ("PIGS")...ESTA EUROPA NO ES MI CASA
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"OUR EUROZONE IS VERY INHOSPITABLE PLACE FOR DECENT PEOPLE"
YANIS VARUFAKIS
“Nuestra Eurozona es lugar muy inhóspito para la gente decente”
YANIS VARUFAKIS
A boy during a demonstration against high taxes and financial crisis, due to the growing poverty in Greece.
Thessaloniki, Greece, March 2013
I'm really glad to tell you that I bought a new camera, the Panasonic Lumix DMC-GM1, last month. This is shot was taken in the thriving city of Frankfurt, Germany, when I was there to celebrate New Year's Eve.
Frankfurt am Main, commonly known as Frankfurt, is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2012 population of 687,775. The urban area had an estimated population of 2,300,000 in 2010. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region which has a population of 5,600,000 and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about 40 km (25 mi) east of Frankfurt.
Frankfurt is the largest financial centre in continental Europe and ranks among the world's leading financial centres. It is home to the European Central Bank, Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange and several large commercial banks. The European Central Bank is the central bank of the eurozone, consisting of 18 EU member states that have adopted the euro (€) as their common currency and sole legal tender. The Deutsche Bundesbank is the central bank of Germany and as such part of the European System of Central Banks. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange is one of the world's largest stock exchanges by market capitalization and accounts for over 90 percent of the turnover in the German market. In 2010, 63 national and 152 international banks had their registered offices in Frankfurt, including the headquarters of the major German banks, notably Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, DZ Bank and KfW, as well as 41 representative offices of international banks.
Frankfurt is therefore considered a global city (alpha world city) as listed by the Loughborough University group's 2010 inventory. Among global cities it was ranked 10th by the Global Power City Index 2011 and 11th by the Global City Competitiveness Index 2012. Among financial centers it was ranked seventh by the International Financial Centers Development Index 2012 and 10th by the Global Financial Centres Index 2013. (...)
A unique feature of Frankfurt is its significant number of skyscrapers and high-rise buildings in the city center which form the Frankfurt skyline. Frankfurt is one of only a few cities in the European Union that have such a skyline, the others being London, Milan, Warsaw, Madrid, Rotterdam and La Défense in the outer Paris region. Because of the city's skyline, Germans sometimes refer to Frankfurt as "Mainhattan", a portmanteau of the local Main River and Manhattan.
Happy New Year! I feel like I need a vacation from the holidays. Not that it’s a bad thing, not at all – many wonderful visits with family, friends, and traditions kept alive, new ones made (duck is an underrated bird), conversations with loved ones abroad, so much to reflect on. Today, however, is quiet. I’ve filled the pellet stove and the radiators are hot. I’ve put seeds in the bird feeder. I’ve watered the tropical plants that spend their winter in our guest house kitchen. Now to reflect on the year that was.
This snowflake sums it up nicely. Six points, six mid-points, a splash of colour, some oddities, and circles in the middle that seem to go on forever. And scars. I can look at it, and understand all of it. Inward crystal growth, thin film interference colours, that odd inward-filling growth that I believe makes bubbles in the ice that isn’t from the outward-growing edges. This is a good example of it!
There’s a tip of a branch of another snowflake hanging out behind. It doesn’t belong there, but it’s not moving. See the slight magenta/green stripes? That’s also thin film interference, identifying that it’s fused to the main snowflake and its removal would destroy them both. Call that a metaphor.
2026 is going to be an interesting year. Bulgaria has just joined the Eurozone, adopting the Euro as it’s currency. I’ve also become a permanent resident of Bulgaria in the past year, now calling it home for over four years. We just planted over 4000 flower bulbs in our gardens to make the spring and summer more beautiful than ever. There’s a lot of anticipation and uncertainty ahead, globally. That said, I ask you one small thing.
What will make 2026 a better year for you?
Wishing you all the best for this new year, and may it bring the happiness and prosperity that you seek. And may it also be calm. You know that calm, felt sitting in front of a fire just watching the flames and feeling warm? I hope this new year has more moments like this.
Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Although it is geographically located in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical make-up are overwhelmingly Southeast European. It is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, after Sicily and Sardinia. It is located southeast of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel and Palestine, and north of Egypt. Its capital and largest city is Nicosia. Cyprus hosts the British-controlled military bases Akrotiri and Dhekelia, whilst the northeast portion of the island is de facto governed by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is separated from the Republic of Cyprus by the United Nations Buffer Zone.
Cyprus was first settled by hunter-gatherers around 13,000 years ago, with farming settlements emerging a few thousand years later. During the late Bronze Age, Cyprus (then called Alashiya) developed an urbanised society closely connected to the wider Mediterranean world. Cyprus experienced waves of settlement by Mycenaean Greeks at the end of the 2nd millennium BC. It was subsequently occupied by several empires, including the Assyrians, Ancient Egyptians, and Persians, from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great. Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt, the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire, Arab caliphates, the French Lusignans, and the Venetians was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 (de jure until 1914). Cyprus was placed under the United Kingdom's administration based on the Cyprus Convention in 1878, and was formally annexed by the UK in 1914.
The future of the island became a matter of disagreement between the two prominent ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. From the 19th century onwards, the Greek Cypriot population pursued enosis (union with Greece), which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s. The Turkish Cypriot population initially advocated for the continuation of British rule, then demanded the annexation of the island to Turkey; in the 1950s, together with Turkey, they established a policy of taksim (the partition of Cyprus and the creation of a Turkish polity in the north of the island). Following nationalist violence in the 1950s, Cyprus was granted independence in 1960. The crisis of 1963–64 brought further intercommunal violence between the two communities, displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots into enclaves,: 56–59 and brought the end of Turkish Cypriot representation in the republic. On 15 July 1974, a coup d'état was staged by Greek Cypriot nationalists and elements of the Greek military junta. This action precipitated the Turkish invasion of Cyprus on 20 July, which led to the capture of the present-day territory of Northern Cyprus and the displacement of over 150,000 Greek Cypriots and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots. A separate Turkish Cypriot state in the north was established by unilateral declaration in 1983, which was widely condemned by the international community and led to Turkey being the only country to recognise the new state. These events and the resulting political situation are matters of an ongoing dispute.
Cyprus is a major tourist destination with an advanced high-income economy. It has been a member of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1961 and was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement until it joined the European Union on 1 May 2004. On 1 January 2008, it joined the eurozone. Cyprus has long maintained good relations with NATO while refusing to join it, but confirmed in 2024 that it now intends to officially join.
© all rights reserved by B℮n
Welcome to Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak. Banská Bystrica is a city in central Slovakia located on the Hron River in a long and wide valley encircled by the mountain. The present town was founded by German settlers, however it was built upon a former Slavic settlement. It obtained the municipal privileges of a free royal town of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1255. The copper mining town acquired its present picturesque look in the Late Middle Ages when the prosperous burghers built its central churches, mansions, and fortifications. It is also the home of Matej Bel University. As a historical city with an easy access to the surrounding mountains, Banská Bystrica is a popular winter and summer tourist destination.
The oldest part of Banská Bystrica is City Castle at the edge of SNP Square. It is enclosed within what has remained of its original fortifications − a barbican protecting the main gate, three bastions, and part of the walls. City Castle served as the city's administrative center and it also protected the king's treasury. The neighboring Church of the Holy Cross was built in 1452.
Slowakije of Slovakije is een republiek in Centraal-Europa, die zich op 1 januari 1993 losmaakte uit Tsjecho-Slowakije, dat daardoor ophield te bestaan. De hoofdstad is Bratislava. Het land wordt begrensd door Tsjechië in het noordwesten, Polen in het noorden, Oekraïne in het oosten, Hongarije in het zuiden en Oostenrijk in het westen. Het is een overwegend bergachtig land, dat gedurende de twintigste eeuw weliswaar één geheel vormde met het taalkundig en cultureel nauw verwante Tsjechië, maar dat in de eeuwen daarvoor een heel andere ontwikkeling had doorgemaakt. Slowakije behoorde eeuwenlang tot Hongarije. De emancipatie van het Slowaakse volk kreeg pas laat gestalte. In 2004 trad Slowakije toe tot de NAVO en tot de Europese Unie. In 2009 trad het land ook toe tot de eurozone. Banská Bystrica is schitterend gelegen tussen de Lage Tatra, de Vel'ka Fatra en het Slowaakse Oregebergte. De stad heeft haar middeleeuwse groei en bloei te danken aan zilver en koper, en in mindere mate aan goud. Aan het begin van de dertiende eeuw oefende het gebied grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Duitse mijnwerkers, die gehoord hadden over de rijke zilver- en kopermijnen. In de vijftiende en zestiende eeuw was Banská Bystrica een van de belangrijkste leveranciers van beide metalen in Europa. Het plein dat naar de opstand genoemd is (Námestie SNP), vormt het centrale punt van de stad. Aan het einde van het plein staat de 14e-eeuwse klokkentoren die je kunt beklimmen voor een mooi uitzicht over de stad. De toren werd ook als waag gebruikt. Foto genomen vanuit de klokkentoren van kasteel Banská Bystrica en Kostol svätého Kríža. Er zijn vier verschillende theaters in Banská Bystrica waaronder een staatstheater. Daarnaast kun je het Stedelijk Museum en diverse andere musea bezoeken.
We are passionate about bringing a relaxed approach while creating beautiful, natural and vibrant images.
Malta i/ˈmɒltə/, officially known as the Republic of Malta (Maltese: Repubblika ta' Malta), is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, 80 km (50 mi) south of Sicily, 284 km (176 mi) east of Tunisia and 333 km (207 mi) north of Libya, with Gibraltar 1,755 km (1,091 mi) to the west and Alexandria 1,508 km (937 mi) to the east.[8] Malta covers just over 316 km2 (122 sq mi) in land area, making it one of the world's smallest states.It is also one of the most densely populated countries worldwide. The de facto capital city of Malta is Valletta; the largest town, Birkirkara. The main island comprises many towns, which together form one Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with a population of 368,250 according to Eurostat.The country has two official languages, Maltese (considered the national language) and English.Throughout history, Malta's location has given it great strategic importance,and a succession of powers including the Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Normans, Aragonese, Habsburg Spain, Knights of St John, French and the British ruled the islands. Malta gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1964 and became a republic in 1974, whilst retaining membership in the Commonwealth of Nations. Malta was admitted to the United Nations in 1964 and to the European Union in 2004. Malta is also party to the Schengen Agreement and in 2008 it became part of the eurozone.Malta has a long Christian legacy and is an Apostolic see. According to the Acts of the Apostles in the Bible,St. Paul was shipwrecked on "Melite", as the Greeks called the island, and ministered there. Catholicism is the official religion in Malta as declared by the Maltese constitution.Malta is internationally renowned as a tourist destination, with numerous recreational areas and historical monuments, including nine UNESCO World Heritage Sites, most prominently the Megalithic Temples which are some of the oldest free-standing structures in the world
Malta, ufficialmente Repubblica di Malta (in maltese Repubblika ta' Malta, in inglese Republic of Malta), è uno stato insulare dell'Europa meridionale, membro dell'Unione Europea. È un arcipelago situato nel Mediterraneo, nel canale di Malta, a 80 km dalla Sicilia, a 284 km dalla Tunisia e a 333 km dalla Libia, compreso nella regione fisica italiana. Con un'estensione di 316 km², è uno degli stati più piccoli e densamente popolati al mondo. La sua capitale è La Valletta e la città più abitata è Birkirkara. L'isola principale è caratterizzata da un grande numero di città che, insieme alla capitale, formano una conurbazione di 368.250 abitanti.Il Paese ha due lingue ufficiali, il maltese e l'inglese. L'italiano, lingua ufficiale fino al 1934, è ancora molto diffuso, compreso da circa due terzi dei maltesi.Durante il corso della storia, la posizione geografica di Malta ha dato grande importanza all'arcipelago, subendo l'avvicendarsi in sequenza di Fenici, Greci, Cartaginesi, Romani, Arabi, Normanni, Aragonesi, Cavalieri di Malta, Francesi e Inglesi.Malta è internazionalmente conosciuta come località turistica, per lo svago e soprattutto per la cultura, dato che ben 3 siti UNESCO si trovano nel Paese, tra i quali i templi megalitici di Gigantia, Ħaġar Qim e Menaidra. L'ingresso nell'Unione europea è avvenuto il 1º maggio 2004 e dal 1º gennaio 2008 è entrata a far parte dell'eurozona. Malta è inoltre membro del Commonwealth.
Font : Wikipedia
© all rights reserved by B℮n
Welcome to Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak. Banská Bystrica is a city in central Slovakia located on the Hron River in a long and wide valley encircled by the mountain. The present town was founded by German settlers, however it was built upon a former Slavic settlement. It obtained the municipal privileges of a free royal town of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1255. The copper mining town acquired its present picturesque look in the Late Middle Ages when the prosperous burghers built its central churches, mansions, and fortifications. It is also the home of Matej Bel University. As a historical city with an easy access to the surrounding mountains, Banská Bystrica is a popular winter and summer tourist destination.
Banská Bystrica is one of the first Slovak cities to have received the status of the urban monument reservation. The beginning of its history is dated to the time of gold-mining in this region. The town centre of Banská Bystrica is a historical heritage and the castle area has been officially declared a national cultural monument. Take a walk through the town centre and get to know many historical monuments there; in Banská Bystrica there are also many museums that will lead you back to the ancient history of this city. Many historical monuments of Banska Bystrica city are situated on the SNP Square: photo of two towers of the kostol sv. Františka Xaverského.
Slowakije of Slovakije is een republiek in Centraal-Europa, die zich op 1 januari 1993 losmaakte uit Tsjecho-Slowakije, dat daardoor ophield te bestaan. De hoofdstad is Bratislava. Het land wordt begrensd door Tsjechië in het noordwesten, Polen in het noorden, Oekraïne in het oosten, Hongarije in het zuiden en Oostenrijk in het westen. Het is een overwegend bergachtig land, dat gedurende de twintigste eeuw weliswaar één geheel vormde met het taalkundig en cultureel nauw verwante Tsjechië, maar dat in de eeuwen daarvoor een heel andere ontwikkeling had doorgemaakt. Slowakije behoorde eeuwenlang tot Hongarije. De emancipatie van het Slowaakse volk kreeg pas laat gestalte. In 2004 trad Slowakije toe tot de NAVO en tot de Europese Unie. In 2009 trad het land ook toe tot de eurozone. Banská Bystrica is schitterend gelegen tussen de Lage Tatra, de Vel'ka Fatra en het Slowaakse Oregebergte. De stad heeft haar middeleeuwse groei en bloei te danken aan zilver en koper, en in mindere mate aan goud. Aan het begin van de dertiende eeuw oefende het gebied grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Duitse mijnwerkers, die gehoord hadden over de rijke zilver- en kopermijnen. In de vijftiende en zestiende eeuw was Banská Bystrica een van de belangrijkste leveranciers van beide metalen in Europa. Het plein dat naar de opstand genoemd is (Námestie SNP), vormt het centrale punt van de stad. Aan het einde van het plein staat de 14e-eeuwse klokkentoren die je kunt beklimmen voor een mooi uitzicht over de stad. De toren werd ook als waag gebruikt. Foto genomen vanuit de klokkentoren van kostol sv. Františka Xaverského en het Námestie SNP plein. Er zijn vier verschillende theaters in Banská Bystrica waaronder een staatstheater. Daarnaast kun je het Stedelijk Museum en diverse andere musea bezoeken.
Slowenien / Nationalpark Triglav - Viševnik
Triglav seen from Viševnik
Triglav gesehen vom Viševnik
Triglav National Park (TNP; Slovene: Triglavski narodni park, TNP) is the only national park in Slovenia. It was established in its modern form in 1981 and is located in the northwestern part of the country, respectively the southeastern part of the Alpine massif. Mount Triglav, the highest peak of the Julian Alps, stands almost in the middle of the national park. From there the valleys spread out radially, supplying water to two large river systems with their sources in the Julian Alps: the Soča and the Sava, flowing to the Adriatic and Black Sea, respectively.
History
The proposal for the protection of the Triglav Lakes Valley area was first put forward by the seismologist Albin Belar in 1906 or 1908. However, the proposal was not accepted, as there was no legal base for it and the laws of the time prohibited any restriction of pasture. The strategic basis for the protection of the area, titled The Memorandum (Spomenica), and which explicitly mentioned the proposal of Belar, was submitted to the Provincial Government for Slovenia in 1920. The idea was finally implemented in 1924. Then, at an initiative by the Nature Protection Section of the Slovene Museum Society together with the Slovene Mountaineering Society, a twenty-year lease was taken out on the Triglav Lakes Valley area, some 14 km². It was destined to become an Alpine Conservation Park; however, permanent conservation was not possible at that time. The name Triglavski narodni park was first used in 1926 by Fran Jesenko.
In 1961, after many years of effort, the protection was renewed (this time on a permanent basis) and somewhat enlarged, embracing around 20 km². The protected area was officially designated as Triglav National Park. It was named after Mount Triglav, a symbol of Slovenia and of Slovene character. However, all objectives of a true national park were not attained and for that reason over the next two decades new proposals for expanding and modifying this protection were put forward.
Finally, in 1981, Triglav National Park was officially established in the modern form. A rearrangement was achieved and the park was given a new concept and expanded to 838 km². In 2010, the park expanded to include the settlement Kneške Ravne (Tolmin), according to wishes of its inhabitants, thus the new park area amounts to 880 km², which is 4% of the area of Slovenia.
Biodiversity
Flora
Systematic surveys of plants, especially of ethnobotanically useful species, in Triglav National Park have been carried out by Chandra Prakash Kala and Petra Ratajc covering various microhabitats, elevations, aspects, and terrain types. The park has over fifty-nine species of ethnobotanical values, of these 37 species (which contribute 62%) fall under four major categories of medicinal plants per the Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia such as H, Z, ZR and ND. Some important species such as Aconitum napellus, Cannabis sativa, and Taxus baccata are not allowed to be collected and used per the Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia.
Fauna
Triglav National Park is home to over 700 species of animals.
Hydrology
Waters in Triglav National Park consist of two watersheds: the Sava River watershed and the Soča River watershed. Many waterfalls can be found in the park, and most of them are located in the valleys of Soča River and its tributaries. The highest waterfall is Boka Falls (106 m). The Tolmin Gorges on the Tolminka River are located in the national park.
The lakes in the park are all of glacial origin. The largest among them is Lake Bohinj. Others are the Triglav Lakes (located in the Triglav Lakes Valley), Lake Krn, and Lower and Upper Lake Križ.
(Wikipedia)
Triglav (pronounced [ˈtɾíːɡlaw]; German: Terglau; Italian: Tricorno), with an elevation of 2,863.65 metres (9,395 ft 2+1⁄8 in), is the highest mountain in Slovenia and the highest peak of the Julian Alps. The mountain is the pre-eminent symbol of the Slovene nation, appearing on the coat of arms and flag of Slovenia. It is the centrepiece of Triglav National Park, Slovenia's only national park. Triglav was also the highest peak in Yugoslavia before Slovenia's independence in 1991.
Name
Various names have been used for the mountain through history. An old map from 1567 used the Latin name Ocra mons, whereas Johann Weikhard von Valvasor called it Krma (the modern name of an Alpine valley in the vicinity) in the second half of the 17th century. According to the German mountaineer and professor Adolf Gstirner, the name Triglav first appeared in written sources as Terglau in 1452, but the original source has been lost. The next known occurrence of Terglau is cited by Gstirner and is from a court description of the border in 1573. Early forms of the name Triglav also include Terglau in 1612, Terglou in 1664 and Terklou around 1778–1789. The name is derived from the compound *Tri-golvъ (literally 'three-head'—that is, 'three peaks'), which may be understood literally because the mountain has three peaks when viewed from much of Upper Carniola. It is unlikely that the name has any connection to the Slavic deity Triglav. In the local dialect, the name is pronounced [tərˈgwɔu̯] (with a second-syllable accent, as if it was written Trglov, with the dark L experiencing vocalization) in contrast to standard Slovene [ˈtɾíːɡlaw]. The highest peak is sometimes also called Big Mount Triglav (Slovene: Veliki Triglav [ˈʋéːliki ˈtɾíːɡlaw]) to distinguish it from Little Mount Triglav (Mali Triglav [ˈmáːli ˈtɾíːɡlaw], 2,738 meters or 8,983 feet) immediately to the east.
History
The first recorded ascent of Triglav was achieved in 1778, at the initiative of the industrialist and polymath Sigmund Zois. According to the most commonly cited report, published in the newspaper Illyrisches Blatt in 1821 by the historian and geographer Johann Richter, these were the surgeon Lovrenz Willomitzer (written as Willonitzer by Richter), the chamois hunter Štefan Rožič, and the miners Luka Korošec and Matevž Kos. According to a report by Belsazar Hacquet in his Oryctographia Carniolica, the ascent took place towards the end of 1778, by two chamois hunters, one of them being Luka Korošec, and one of his former students, whose name is not mentioned.
Triglav's height was first measured on 23 September 1808 by Valentin Stanič. The first to put the name of the mountain on a map, written as Mons Terglou, was Joannes Disma Floriantschitsch de Grienfeld, who in 1744 published the map Ducatus Carniolae Tabula Chorographica. The first map its name appeared on written as Triglav was Zemljovid Slovenske dežele in pokrajin (Map of the Slovene Land and Provinces) by Peter Kosler, completed from 1848 until 1852 and published in Vienna in 1861.
During World War II, Triglav symbolically captured the primary drive by the Slovene resistance to the Fascist and Nazi armies. The Slovene Partisans wore the Triglav cap from 1942 until after 1944.
Triglav was the highest peak of the now defunct Yugoslavia; it was both countries' highest and most prominent peak. The expression "from Triglav to the Vardar" (a river in southern Macedonia) was a common synecdoche for Yugoslavia, referring to two prominent features at the geographic extremes of the nation.
Landmarks
Aljaž Tower
At the top of the mountain stands a small metal structure, the Aljaž Tower (Slovene: Aljažev stolp). It acts as a storm shelter and a triangulation point. Along with Triglav, it is also a landmark of Slovenia and a symbol of the Slovenes and Slovene territorial sovereignty.
The tower's namesake was the priest, mountaineer and patriot Jakob Aljaž. In early 1895, he drew up, with a piece of chalk on the floor of his room in the parish of Dovje, plans for a cylindrical tower with a flag on its top. In April that year he purchased the summit of Triglav for the sum of one florin. Having done so, he secured himself the right to erect a building on the mountain top. The tower was constructed from iron and zinc coated sheet steel by Anton Belec from Šent Vid nad Ljubljano. He and four workers brought the parts of the tower to the summit of Triglav and put the tower together in only five hours on 7 August 1895. The opening took place that same day. Aljaž donated the shelter to the Slovene Alpine Society today Alpine Association of Slovenia.
In the beginning, there were three four-legged chairs, a summit register, a spirit stove, and the image Triglav Panorama by Marko Pernhart in the tower. It was later repainted and renovated several times by Alojz Knafelc and others. In the Communist era, as the highest point of the former Yugoslavia, it was painted red and decorated with a red star. However, it has now more or less been restored to its original appearance. The star was removed shortly before the dissolution of Yugoslavia. On the proclamation of Slovene independence in June 1991, the flag of Slovenia was raised on top of the tower.
Stanič Shelter
In 1895, due to a lack of space, Aljaž also commissioned the building of the Stanič Shelter. It is located 55 metres (180 ft) below the top of Triglav and is named after the poet and mountaineer Valentin Stanič. The shelter has dimensions of 2.4 m × 2.2 m × 2 m (7 ft 10 in × 7 ft 3 in × 6 ft 7 in) and has room for 8 people sitting or 16 standing. Originally it also had a wooden door, benches, a table, and a chair. Its significance diminished after the Kredarica Lodge was erected in 1896.
Triglav Glacier
The Triglav Glacier (Triglavski ledenik) was located below the summit on the karstified Triglav Plateaus (Triglavski podi), part of the northeastern side of the mountain. Covering over 40 hectares (99 acres) at the end of the 19th century, the glacier had shrunk to 15 hectares (37 acres) by 1946, and after further shrinkage had fallen into two parts by 1992. By 2011 it covered an area of only 1–3 hectares, depending on the season. It was no longer considered a glacier in 2019.
Geology
Geologically Triglav is composed of a sequence of Triassic rocks arranged as a stack of thrust sheets, the uppermost of these, forming the summit of Triglav, is the Zlatna klippe, an isolated fragment of the Zlatna nappe (also referred to as the Zlatenski plošči, Slatenskem pokrovu, Slatenskem narivu or Triglavskem pokrovu). In the Triglav area the Zlatna nappe has a well preserved sub-horizontal contact with the underlying Julian nappe which is dominated by a thick succession of more than 1000m of limestones including a cyclic sequence of Dachstein Limestone of Norian to Rhaetian age.
In the upper Vrata Valley, near Kozja Dnina about 2km NNE of Triglav's summit, a sequence of pelagic limestones of Carnian age is exposed. This has been known to paleontologists from the beginning of the 20th century and has produced a variety of excellently preserved fossils which include bivalves, brachiopods, echinoids, crinoids, asteroids, ammonites, belemnites, scleractinian corals, shrimps, lobsters, fish and thylacocephalans.
Cultural significance
Folk literature
The Triglav area is the setting of an old Slovene folk tale concerning a hunter seeking a treasure guarded by an enchanted chamois buck named Zlatorog (lit. 'Goldhorn', after its golden horns).
Arts
The earliest known depiction of Triglav is on the front page of the work Oryctographia Carniolica, written by Belsazar Hacquet. It was a copper engraving made in 1778 by C. Conti after a drawing by Franz Xaver Baraga. Among later visual artists who depicted Triglav, the most well known are Anton Karinger (1829–1870) from Ljubljana, Marko Pernhart (1824–1871) from Klagenfurt, Valentin Hodnik (1896–1935) from Stara Fužina, Edo Deržaj (1904–1980) from Ljubljana, and more recently Marjan Zaletel (born 1945), living in Ljubljana.
Among the musical works related to Triglav, a special place is held for the poem "Oh, Triglav, My Home" (Oj, Triglav, moj dom). It was written in 1894 by the priest and poet Matija Zemljič and quickly became very popular among Slovene mountaineers. In 2007, its first stanza, accompanied by a melody of Jakob Aljaž, became the official anthem of the Alpine Association of Slovenia. An instrumental version of the poem, written by Bojan Adamič, is part of the start and end credits of the annual ski jumping broadcasts from Planica. In 2023, the Slovenian industrial act Laibach released their rendition of the song, titled "O, Triglav, moj dom."
The first Slovene-language full-length film, recorded in 1931 by Janko Ravnik, was titled In the Kingdom of the Goldhorn (V kraljestvu Zlatoroga) and features an ascent by a group of students to the top of Triglav. The second Slovene full-length film, recorded the following year, was titled The Slopes of Mount Triglav (Triglavske strmine). It was directed by Ferdo Delak and was a romantic story featuring a wedding on the top of Triglav.
Since 1968, Triglav has become a theme of avant-garde artists. The first instance was a manifestation by the art group OHO, called Mount Triglav, which took place in December 1968 at Ljubljana's Congress Square. In 2004, the group IRWIN produced a series of paintings named Like to Like/ Mount Triglav. In 2007, an artistic performance was held atop Mount Triglav by the artists Janez Janša (director), Janez Janša (visual artist) and Janez Janša (performance artist) called Mount Triglav on Mount Triglav.
National symbol
A stylized depiction of Triglav's distinctive shape is the central element of the Slovene coat of arms, designed by the sculptor Marko Pogačnik, and is in turn featured on the flag of Slovenia. Alongside San Marino and Slovakia, Slovenia is the only other country in Europe and one of the few in the world to feature a mountain on its coat of arms. Formerly, it was featured on the coat of arms of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia.
The first to depict Triglav as the symbol of the Slovenes was the architect Jože Plečnik, who in 1934 put it besides other coats-of-arms of the nations of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia on the coat of the statue of the Mother of God in front of the parish church in Bled.
During World War II, the stylised Triglav was the symbol of the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation resistance movement. The distinctive three-pronged caps worn by Slovene Partisans during World War II were known as triglavkas.
A relief map of the mountain is the design on the national side of the Slovene 50 eurocent coin.
The former Slovene president Milan Kučan once proclaimed that it is a duty of every Slovenian person to climb Triglav at least once in their lifetime.
(Wikipedia)
Der Nationalpark Triglav (slowenisch: Triglavski narodni park) ist der einzige Nationalpark Sloweniens. Die IUCN ordnet das Gebiet der Kategorie II (Nationalpark) zu (WDPA 2517). Die staatliche Nationalparkverwaltung hat ihren Sitz in Bled.
Geographie
Der Park liegt in den Julischen Alpen, im Nordwesten Sloweniens, an der Grenze zu Italien und Österreich, und hat eine Größe von 83.982 Hektar (839 km²).
Geschichte
1908 wurde erstmals vorgeschlagen, die Triglav-Region nachhaltiger zu schützen. Im Jahr 1924 dann wurde zunächst ein 1.400 ha großes Tal als „Alpiner Schutzpark“ ausgewiesen, der 1961 etwas vergrößert wurde und den Namen Nationalpark bekam. Seit 1981 gibt es den Nationalpark in der heutigen Größe und Form. Im Kernbereich des heutigen Nationalparks werden die Bestimmungen des Naturschutzes streng überwacht.
Im Park gibt es 7.000 km markierte und regelmäßig gewartete Wege mit Gasthöfen und Schutzhütten.
Der Nationalpark
Der Nationalpark ist benannt nach dem mit 2864 m höchsten Berg Sloweniens, dem Triglav, der fast im Zentrum des Parks liegt. Im Nationalpark liegen zahlreiche Gletscherseen, an Gesteinsarten dominiert Kalkstein. Besonders hervorzuheben sind - neben dem hochalpinen Gebiet - die Täler von Soča und Sava Bohinjka mit dem Wocheiner See (Bohinjsko jezero), dem größten dauerhaften See Sloweniens, welche sich eine sehr ursprüngliche Landschaft und Architektur bewahren konnten, sowie die waldreichen Hochebenen Pokljuka und Mežakla.
Die Nationalparkverwaltung sitzt in Bled, ein Informationszentrum Dom Trenta befindet sich in Soča und ein weiterer Infopunkt zum Nationalpark in Kobarid.
Fauna
Die Fauna des Nationalparks ist artenreich. Neben den üblichen Alpenwildtieren wie Steinbock, Gämse, Rothirsch und Auerhahn durchstreifen gelegentlich Braunbären das Gebiet, auch Luchse leben dort. In der Luft kann man Steinadler beobachten. Als Giftschlangen sind die Sand- und die Kreuzotter erwähnenswert. Von den zahlreichen endemischen Arten ist die Marmorataforelle erwähnenswert, die in der Soča sowie einigen anderen Zuflüssen der Adria vorkommt. Ihr Bestand ist noch immer durch die im Zweiten Weltkrieg ausgesetzten Bachforellen bedroht.
Flora
Auch die Pflanzenwelt des Nationalparks ist von Bedeutung. Aufsehen erregten zahlreiche endemische Pflanzenarten bei den Botanikern bereits im 18. Jahrhundert. Bekannt im Triglav-Nationalpark sind die (violette) Zois-Glockenblume, das rote Dolomiten-Fingerkraut sowie der gelbe Julische Mohn und das Alpen-Edelweiß. In den Höhenlagen ab 2000 m wachsen im Schutze von Latschen die als Almrausch bekannte Bewimperte Alpenrose sowie die Zwerg-Alpenrose (Heidekrautgewächse).
Tourismus
Touristisch bedeutsam ist für das Gebiet des Nationalparks, das von einem Netz von einheitlich markierten Bergpfaden durchzogen wird, das Bergsteigen etwa am Svinjak. Der Slowenische Alpenverein unterhält hier 32 Häuser und Hütten. Außerdem ist das Wildwasserpaddeln bedeutsam. Die Flüsse Soča und Koritnica sind ein Anziehungspunkt für Wassersportler, unter anderem wegen einiger herausfordernder Wildwasserstrecken.
Zur Erkundung des Inneren des Nationalparks eignen sich als Ausgangspunkte insbesondere die von Norden im Uhrzeigersinn aufgezählten Ortschaften Kranjska Gora, Bled, Kobarid und Bovec.
(Wikipedia)
Der Triglav ([ˈtɾiːɡlɐʊ]; übersetzt ‚Dreikopf‘, italienisch Monte Tricorno, deutsch analog zur slowenischen Aussprache auch Triglau) ist mit 2864 m. i. J. der höchste Gipfel Sloweniens und der Julischen Alpen. Er liegt im Zentrum des nach ihm benannten Triglav-Nationalparks, des einzigen Nationalparks des Landes.
Der Berg ist durch seine typische Form aus Distanzen von über 100 Kilometern erkennbar – zum Beispiel aus großen Teilen Kärntens. Imposant ist seine Nordwand über dem Vratatal, mit einer Breite von drei Kilometern und einer Höhe von 1500 Metern bis zum Gipfel eine der höchsten Wände der Ostalpen (nach der Ostwand des Watzmanns und mit der Nordwand des Hochstadels in den Lienzer Dolomiten). Die eigentliche Wand bis zum sogenannten Kugy-Band, über dem der Gipfelaufbau ansetzt, ist immer noch 1000 Meter hoch.
Der Berg ist eines der slowenischen Nationalsymbole und zentraler Teil des nationalen Wappens, das sich auch auf der Fahne des Landes wiederfindet. Slowenien, das am 1. Januar 2007 der Eurozone beigetreten ist und den Euro als offizielles Zahlungsmittel eingeführt hat, hat den Triglav auch für die nationale Seite der 50-Eurocentmünze ausgewählt.
Entstehung des Namens
Der Name bedeutet so viel wie „Dreihaupt“ oder „Dreikopf“. Die Entstehung des Namens ist unklar. Einer Legende nach thronte auf dem Berg eine alte slawische Gottheit, der dreiköpfige Triglaw, der mit einem Kopf den Himmel, mit dem zweiten die Erde beherrscht und seinen dritten Kopf dem unterirdischen Reich zuneigt. Andere meinen, dass sich der Name aus der Form des Berges ableitet: drei Gipfel wurden mit drei Köpfen assoziiert.
Balthasar Hacquet nannte den Berg 1783 mit dem Namen Terglou; Adolf Schmidl 1840 ebenso – er gab in Klammern Triglav an. In Herders Konversations-Lexikon 1857 schien nur Terglou auf; auch Julius Kugy verwendete 1876 diesen Namen. Meyers Konversations-Lexikon nannte ihn 1897 hinter Triglav in Klammern. Weitere historische deutsche Schreibungen sind Terglau und Terklou.
Geschichte
Der erste bekannte, aber gescheiterte Besteigungsversuch fand 1777 statt. Er wurde vom berühmten Erforscher der Julischen Alpen, dem Weltreisenden, Naturforscher und Physiker Belsazar Hacquet (1739–1815), in Begleitung von Minenarbeitern des Krainer Wissenschaftsförderers Sigmund Zois von Edelstein (slowenisch: Žiga Zois) unternommen.
Die Erstbesteigung erfolgte am 26. August 1778 durch Lovrenc Willomitzer (1747–1801) aus Stara Fužina mit Luka Korošec (1747–1827) aus Koprivnik, Stefan Rožič (1739–1802) aus Savica und Matija Kos (1744–1798) aus Jereka. Betrieben wurde die Besteigung auch diesmal von Belsazar Hacquet, damals Universitätsprofessor in Laibach, der selbst allerdings den Gipfel nicht erreichte.
Wege zum Gipfel
Beliebtester Ausgangspunkt auf den Triglav ist die Alpenvereinshütte Aljažev dom, die von Mojstrana aus über eine großteils unbefestigte Straße mit dem Auto erreichbar ist. Alternativ kann der Gipfel von Westen (Trenta) aus erreicht werden. Dabei sind 2200 Höhenmeter zu überwinden, für Hin- und Rückweg werden etwa 14 Stunden benötigt. Der Gipfel selbst ist im obersten Bereich von rund 300 Höhenmetern nur über einen Klettersteig mit vielen Eisenklammern und Haltebolzen erreichbar. Auch von Südosten lässt sich der Triglav besteigen, wobei der Zugang über das Krma-Tal führt.
Hütten
Folgende Schutzhütten befinden sich am Triglav oder eignen sich als Ausgangspunkt:
Triglavski dom (Triglavhaus / Kredaricahütte)
Vodnikov dom (Vodnik-Hütte)
Dom Valentina Staniča
Dom Planika
Tržaška koča
Aljažev dom
Kovinarska koča
Koča pri Triglavskih jezerih (Hütte beim Triglavsee)
Koča na Doliču
Aljažev stolp
Auf dem Gipfel befindet sich der Aljažev stolp‚ der Aljaž-Turm, ein wichtiges Symbol des Landes. Er bietet bei Unwettern Bergsteigern kurzzeitigen Unterschlupf.
Der Aljažev stolp wurde am 7. August 1895 errichtet. Jakob Aljaž, ein Priester aus Dovje (Längenfeld), plante und baute ihn. Der zylindrische metallene Turm mit der Flagge wurde von Anton Belec aus Šentvid bei Ljubljana gefertigt und 1922 von Alojz Knafelc restauriert.
Triglav-Gletscher
Der Triglav-Gletscher umfasste zu Beginn der systematischen Messungen im Jahre 1946 eine Fläche von 12,66 ha, 1951 hatte er eine Ausdehnung von 17,78 ha. 1994 war der Gletscher auf ca. 4 ha abgeschmolzen, 2003 war die Eisfläche kleiner als 0,4 ha.
1954 wurde mit Wetterbeobachtungen auf der Kredarica-Hütte begonnen. Im Zeitraum 1961–2011 stellte man eine Erhöhung der durchschnittlichen Lufttemperatur um 1,8 Grad Celsius fest. Dabei war der Temperaturanstieg ungleichmäßig: Von 1961 bis Mitte der siebziger Jahre gab es kaum eine Veränderung, in den folgenden 20 Jahren stieg die Durchschnittstemperatur stark an.
(Wikipedia)
© all rights reserved by B℮n
Welcome to Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak. Slovakia is a special country. Even in such a small area, you’ll find everything from natural treasures and historical monuments. The most popular are Bratislava and its surroundings, the majestic Tatra Mountains and the fairy-tale Bojnický zámok Castle with traditional folklore. Come and explore deep valleys guarded by the majestic peaks of soaring mountains with crystal clear mountain streams. Simply discover Slovakia: a holiday in Slovakia is a good idea. I hope you like my collection of Slovakia. Thanks for all comments and faves. More photo's in my Slovakia album.
1. Picturesque look of Hrad Banská Bystrica, 2. The two peaks of kostol sv. Františka Xaverského, 3. The Square of the Slovak National Uprising, 4. The fairy-tale Bojnický zámok Castle in Slovakia, 5. The untouched Vlkolínec settlement of shepherds and farmers, 6. Michael’s Gate is one of the symbols of Bratislava, 7. The Baroque garden of the Bratislavský castle, 8. The famous Greek mythology fountain in front of the theater, 9. The old Slovak National Theater in the heart of Bratislava, 10. The quiet courtyard of the Orava Castle after the last tour of the day, 11. History and welness at Château Appony, 12. The heart of the old city is the SNP square, 13. The locals visit the beautifully ornated Jesuit church.
Slowakije of Slovakije is een republiek in Centraal-Europa, die zich op 1 januari 1993 losmaakte uit Tsjecho-Slowakije, dat daardoor ophield te bestaan. De hoofdstad is Bratislava. Het land wordt begrensd door Tsjechië in het noordwesten, Polen in het noorden, Oekraïne in het oosten, Hongarije in het zuiden en Oostenrijk in het westen. Het is een overwegend bergachtig land, dat gedurende de twintigste eeuw weliswaar één geheel vormde met het taalkundig en cultureel nauw verwante Tsjechië, maar dat in de eeuwen daarvoor een heel andere ontwikkeling had doorgemaakt. Slowakije behoorde eeuwenlang tot Hongarije. De emancipatie van het Slowaakse volk kreeg pas laat gestalte. In 2004 trad Slowakije toe tot de NAVO en tot de Europese Unie. In 2009 trad het land ook toe tot de eurozone. Slowakije is voor het grote publiek nog een mysterie. Is er überhaupt wel iets te zien? Maar wie er heen reist ontdekt een verrassend mooi en aangenaam land. Pittoreske historische stadjes, bergen, rotsen, meren, watervallen en ijsgrotten, indrukwekkende kastelen... Zin om een wat ongebruikelijke en weinig toeristische bestemming te verkennen? Ik hoop dat je mijn mosaic van Slowakije mooi vindt. Bedankt voor al je bezoekjes, comments en faves. Meer foto's te zien in mijn Slowakije album.
Created with fd's Flickr Toys
© all rights reserved by B℮n
Welcome to Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak. Slovakia is a special country. Even in such a small area, you’ll find everything from natural treasures and historical monuments. The most popular are Bratislava and its surroundings, the majestic Tatra Mountains and the fairy-tale Bojnický zámok Castle with traditional folklore. Come and explore deep valleys guarded by the majestic peaks of soaring mountains with crystal clear mountain streams. Simply discover Slovakia: a holiday in Slovakia is a good idea. I hope you like my collection of Slovakia. Thanks for all comments and faves. More photo's in my Slovakia album.
1. After our mountain hike, shoes off and feet in water, 2. On top of the High Tatra Mountains, 3. Easy hiking over a mountain ridge leading up the highest peak of Low Tatras, 4. Impressed by the view from Mt. Solisko on the Carpathian Mountains, 5. "On top of the world" feeling at the High Tatras, 6. Getting sucked into the Malá Fatra gorge, 7. The way up from rock bottom!, 8. Crossing the fall and following the adventure trail, 9. Enjoying a view from the Low on the High Tatra mountains, 10. A clear riverbed at the longest cave system in Slovakia, 11. Samantha on top of mount Solisko, 12. Storks on the move over Liptovský region in Slovakia, 13. Exploring the Demänovská Cave of Liberty.
Slowakije of Slovakije is een republiek in Centraal-Europa, die zich op 1 januari 1993 losmaakte uit Tsjecho-Slowakije, dat daardoor ophield te bestaan. De hoofdstad is Bratislava. Het land wordt begrensd door Tsjechië in het noordwesten, Polen in het noorden, Oekraïne in het oosten, Hongarije in het zuiden en Oostenrijk in het westen. Het is een overwegend bergachtig land, dat gedurende de twintigste eeuw weliswaar één geheel vormde met het taalkundig en cultureel nauw verwante Tsjechië, maar dat in de eeuwen daarvoor een heel andere ontwikkeling had doorgemaakt. Slowakije behoorde eeuwenlang tot Hongarije. De emancipatie van het Slowaakse volk kreeg pas laat gestalte. In 2004 trad Slowakije toe tot de NAVO en tot de Europese Unie. In 2009 trad het land ook toe tot de eurozone. Slowakije is voor het grote publiek nog een mysterie. Is er überhaupt wel iets te zien? Maar wie er heen reist ontdekt een verrassend mooi en aangenaam land. Pittoreske historische stadjes, bergen, rotsen, meren, watervallen en ijsgrotten, indrukwekkende kastelen... Zin om een wat ongebruikelijke en weinig toeristische bestemming te verkennen? Ik hoop dat je mijn mosaic van Slowakije mooi vindt. Bedankt voor al je bezoekjes, comments en faves. Meer foto's te zien in mijn Slowakije album.
Created with fd's Flickr Toys
© all rights reserved by B℮n
Welcome to Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak. Banská Bystrica is a city in central Slovakia located on the Hron River in a long and wide valley encircled by the mountain. The present town was founded by German settlers, however it was built upon a former Slavic settlement. It obtained the municipal privileges of a free royal town of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1255. The copper mining town acquired its present picturesque look in the Late Middle Ages when the prosperous burghers built its central churches, mansions, and fortifications. It is also the home of Matej Bel University. As a historical city with an easy access to the surrounding mountains, Banská Bystrica is a popular winter and summer tourist destination.
Banská Bystrica is one of the first Slovak cities to have received the status of the urban monument reservation. The beginning of its history is dated to the time of gold-mining in this region. The town centre of Banská Bystrica is a historical heritage and the castle area has been officially declared a national cultural monument. Take a walk through the town centre and get to know many historical monuments there. Photo of me, under the cool air-sprayed fog, taken by my daughter Samantha. This outdoor air-threatening water spray makes your body feel cool on a hot summer day.
Slowakije of Slovakije is een republiek in Centraal-Europa, die zich op 1 januari 1993 losmaakte uit Tsjecho-Slowakije, dat daardoor ophield te bestaan. De hoofdstad is Bratislava. Het land wordt begrensd door Tsjechië in het noordwesten, Polen in het noorden, Oekraïne in het oosten, Hongarije in het zuiden en Oostenrijk in het westen. Het is een overwegend bergachtig land, dat gedurende de twintigste eeuw weliswaar één geheel vormde met het taalkundig en cultureel nauw verwante Tsjechië, maar dat in de eeuwen daarvoor een heel andere ontwikkeling had doorgemaakt. Slowakije behoorde eeuwenlang tot Hongarije. De emancipatie van het Slowaakse volk kreeg pas laat gestalte. In 2004 trad Slowakije toe tot de NAVO en tot de Europese Unie. In 2009 trad het land ook toe tot de eurozone. Banská Bystrica is schitterend gelegen tussen de Lage Tatra, de Vel'ka Fatra en het Slowaakse Oregebergte. De stad heeft haar middeleeuwse groei en bloei te danken aan zilver en koper, en in mindere mate aan goud. Aan het begin van de dertiende eeuw oefende het gebied grote aantrekkingskracht uit op Duitse mijnwerkers, die gehoord hadden over de rijke zilver- en kopermijnen. In de vijftiende en zestiende eeuw was Banská Bystrica een van de belangrijkste leveranciers van beide metalen in Europa. Het plein dat naar de opstand genoemd is (Námestie SNP), vormt het centrale punt van de stad. Aan het einde van het plein staat de 14e-eeuwse klokkentoren die je kunt beklimmen voor een mooi uitzicht over de stad. De toren werd ook als waag gebruikt. Foto genomen vanuit de klokkentoren van kasteel Banská Bystrica en Kostol svätého Kríža. Er zijn vier verschillende theaters in Banská Bystrica waaronder een staatstheater. Daarnaast kun je het Stedelijk Museum en diverse andere musea bezoeken. Ik sta hier bij een buiten nevel- douche in de oude binnenstad. Zo'n neveldouch maakt je heerlijk koel. Ik heb ze eerder gezien in Dubai. Foto gemaakt door mijn dochter Samantha.