View allAll Photos Tagged eudoxus
South is towards the left.
From left to right (south to north), the major craters are Eratosthenese, Archimedes, Autolycus, Aristillus, and Eudoxus.
Mare Imbrium is to the west (top), Mare Serenitatis to the northeast (right) and Mare Vaporum to the southeast (bottom left).
Imaged using a ZWO ASI120MC camera mounted directly on the axial port (prime focus) of a Celestron C8 (Classic orange tube). The best of 616 frames, captured using SharpCap 3.0, were processed in Registax 6.
Since the entire camera sensor area is shown with no cropping (and no Barlow lens), the approximate magnification is 333.3X.
Following on from my previous image this shows the iconic relatively flat-floored crater Plato beginning to emerge from lunar night (bottom left of centre).
If you look closely at Plato's floor you can make out the ghostly peak shadows from the opposite wall as it is backlit by the rising sun.
The Mons Pico mountain group directly below Plato and Montes Teneriffe group below and to left of Plato are also greeting the early dawn.
The deep scar of the Alpine Valley and the fine rille within it are to Plato's right. The two large craters Aristoteles (top) and Eudoxus (below), are towards the bottom right of the frame.
Imaged with an 8" SCT and a ZWO 290MM camera/Baader 685nm filter.
A La izquierda el Valle Alpino
Cráter Aristóteles (D 88km)
Cráter Eudoxo (abajo) (D 68km)
Los pequeños Edege A (D 13km) y Eudoxos A (D 14km) como dos mancuernas brillantes
Al sur de los grandes cráteres de la región, los Montes Caucásicos y al este Los Alpes.
Entre ambas cordilleras, el cráter Cassini, con sus impactos interiores
A la derecha de Eudoxus y Eudoxus A, el Lacus Mortis
A la izquierda de Aristáteles, muy difuminado en la lava, el cráter Egede
Svbony 80mm
ZWO ASI120MC-S
Barlow 3x Svbony
I will leave the familiar world for a while........
HUGS AND STAY WELL MY FRIENDS!
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The teachings of Zarathustra (Zoroaster) appeared in Persia at some point during the period 1700-1800 BCE.[6][7]
His wisdom became the basis of the religion Zoroastrianism, and generally influenced the development of the Iranian branch of Indo-Iranian philosophy. Zarathustra was the first who treated the problem of evil in philosophical terms.[7]
He is also believed to be one of the oldest monotheists in the history of religion.
He espoused an ethical philosophy based on the primacy of good thoughts (pendar-e-nik), good words (goftar-e-nik), and good deeds (kerdar-e-nik).
The works of Zoroaster and Zoroastrianism had a significant influence on Greek philosophy and Roman philosophy. Plato learnt of Zoroastrian philosophy through Eudoxus and incorporated much of it into his own Platonic realism.[8]
Zarathustra was known as a sage, magician and miracle-worker in post-Classical Western culture, though almost nothing was known of his ideas until the late eighteenth century. By this time his name was associated with lost ancient wisdom and was appropriated by Freemasons and other groups who claimed access to such knowledge.
In 2005, the Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy ranked Zarathustra number two in the chronology of philosophical events. Zarathustra's impact lingers today due in part to the system of rational ethics he founded called Mazda-Yasna. The word Mazda-Yasna is avestan and is translated as "Worship of Wisdom" in English.
Prominent features in this shot:
Aristoteles and Eudoxus in the North, near the terminator.
Mare Serenitatis below them.
Mare Nectaris with Theophilus, Cyrillus and Catalina and the Rupes Altai, glowing brightly
Maurolycus, its rim glowing, its floor still steeped in darkness, further South on the terminator
TS-Optics TSAPO65Q Quadruplet apochromatic refractor, focal length: 420 mm focal length, aperture: 65 mm
Canon EOS 600D
Deux superbes cratères : ARISTOTELES en haut
EUDOXUS en bas.
Celestron C14 + ASI224MC.
Ciel très turbulent.
A close up of a moon mountain range (Montes Apenninus) roughly, the total length of the range is about 600 km and some of the peaks rise up to 5 km . The bigger crater in the middle of shot is Archimedes with Autolycus and Aristillus below it. Far top right crater is Plato and mountain range below Plato is Montes Alpes.Under this is the crater Cassini with a smaller crater inside of it.Montes Caucasus mountain range is below this.The 2 x craters at bottom right are Eudoxus and Aristoteles. Shot with Sky watcher Quatro 250P scope and QHY 183 C Pro camera. Video frames edited in Astro surface software.
Craters Aristoteles and Eudoxus imaged from London on 1st June 2017
Celestron Edge HD11, Televue 2.5x Powermate & ASI174MM camera
“I thought Archimedes was the head of a lunar personification and the surrounding mountains his hair; the Montes Apenninus and the Montes Alpes, arms raised with Eratosthenes and Plato like hands with open palms, waist towards the Caucasus and a white dress stretching over the plains of Eudoxus, Aristotles and beyond”.
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Maksutov-Cassegrain telescope "Explore Scientific" 127 mm, f/15.
Player One Neptune-M camera.
Player One IR685 filter.
FireCapture, AstroSurface, Gimp.
Zona Rural, Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina, 2023-04-29-00:29 UT
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In Explore 13-05-2023. Thanks flickr!!
Canon EOS 80D + Orion SkyQuest XT10 + Tele Vue 2.5x Powermate (giving an effective focal length of 3,000 mm).
Broadstairs, March 2020.
View from Aristoteles & Eudoxus across to Endymion & the Mare Humboldtianum.
Shot from London on 22nd February 2018
Celestron Edge HD11, ASI174MM camera
Another moon shot from 02/11/22 Showing the large Plato crater (100km x 100km ) lower left side and Aristoteles and Eudoxus craters on the lower left side. In the centre of these 3 is a valley named Vallis Alpes that is 166 kms long and around 10 km at its widest point. I have learnt so much over the last few hours reading all this info about the moon , I never thought it would have huge mountains and deep long valleys. Shot with QHY 183 C Pro camera on a Sky watcher Quattro 250 P telescope . Vdeo frames processed in Astro surface software.
The larger crater is named Aristoteles. The crater was formed about 1.1 to 3.2 billions years ago during the geological period of Eratosthenian.
Aristoteles is 88.0x87.0Km / 53.0x53.0Mi across with a height of 3700.0 meters / 11200.0ft. Very steep slopes can be seen supporting the crater Mitchell to the East (this is just above Aristoteles in this orientation). It has an extensive flat floor with two mountains just off-center. Note the high walls in the terraces.
Eudoxus is the large crater close to the centre. It as formed during the geological period: Copernician, about 1.1 billion years to the present. Its dimensions are 68.0x67.0Km / 41.0x41.0Mi, and 3350.0 meters / 10200.0ft in height: It forms a wonderful couple with Aristoteles. It has very steep slopes with very high walls containing terraces. The floor of the crater looks rough.
This image was taken through a 14 inch Cassegrain telescope using a planetary imaging camera.
Thanks for looking
December 05 2019 Crater Plato (center-left) - Moon Dec 05, 2019 #moon #astronomy #moonphotography #luna #lunaphotography #astrophotography #laluna #nikonp1000 #blogto #toronto #torontosky #canada #astro_photography_ #bluemoon #seaoftranquility #seaofserenity #halfmoon #crateraristoteles #moonphases #moonlovers #moonwatch #craterplato #montesalps #mareimbrium #montesjura #sinusiridium #arstillus #autolycus #archimedes #eudoxus
Endymion, Hercules, Atlas.
Maksutov-Cassegrain Telescope, Explore Scientific 127 - f/15. Player One Ceres C camera - Filter IR685 -2022-10-03 - 23:52 UT.
Zona Rural, Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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Ubicado hacia el borde noreste de la Luna, Endymion es un cráter de impacto que se percibe ovalado por el efecto del escorzo, pero que tiene una forma circular de 125km de diámetro y 2,6km de profundidad. Más allá, casi sobre el contorno circular de la Luna se puede ver el Mare Humboldtianum, con una tonalidad claramente más oscura que su entorno.
En el suelo plano de Endymion se ven algunas líneas más claras que pueden ser resultado del sistema de marcas radiales formadas por el material eyectado desde Thales (noroeste de Endymion, después del cráter De la Rue).
Hacia el centro de la imagen, están los cráteres Hercules y Atlas.
Hercules es un cráter de impacto de 69km de diámetro y 3,2km de profundidad. Tiene paredes aterrazadas y en el suelo se distingue el cráter Hercules G, cuyas paredes brillan por el reflejo de la luz solar. Hacia el este está Atlas, de suelo fracturado tiene 87km de diámetro y 2km de profundidad.
En la esquina inferior izquierda de la imagen aparecen Aristoteles y Eudoxus. Posidonius hacia la parte inferior centro derecha.
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Located towards the northeast edge of the Moon, Endymion is an impact crater that appears oval due to foreshortening, but has a circular shape 125km in diameter and 2.6km deep. Beyond, almost on the circular outline of the Moon, you can see the Mare Humboldtianum, with a clearly darker hue than its surroundings.
Some lighter lines are visible on Endymion's flat floor, which may be the result of the radial track system formed by material ejected from Thales (northwest of Endymion, after De la Rue crater).
Towards the center of the image are the craters Hercules and Atlas.
Hercules is an impact crater 69km in diameter and 3.2km deep. It has terraced walls and on the ground you can see the Hercules G crater, whose walls shine from the reflection of sunlight. To the east is Atlas, made of fractured soil, 87km in diameter and 2km deep.
In the lower left corner of the image appear Aristotle and Eudoxus. Posidonius to bottom center right.
Wschód Słońca w kraterach Aritostenes, Eudoxus,
górach Kaukaz oraz w Mare Frigoris (Morze Zimna)
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ED80 / Barlow Hyperion / ASI 290
9.03.2022
Shot w/ Celestron Nexstar 127 SLT, Skywatcher EQM-35 Mount & ZWO ASI290mm mini camera. 1600 total frames @ 16 frames/sec were stacked using AS!3 and post processed in Photoshop.
Imaged under good seeing with Celestron C14 EdgeHD, ASI174MM, Explore Scientific 3x barlow on Aug 21
Moon phase details at 30 March 2020
Moon Phase details
PhaseWaxing crescent
Illumination25.22% Visible
Ris/Set09:36 AM / 11:27 PM
Moon Age4.95 Days
Moon Angle0.51
Moon Distance393,438.36 km
Walther is an ancient lunar impact crater located in the southern highland region of the Moon. It is joined along the western rim to the crater Deslandres. To the northeast is Aliacensis, and joined to the southeast rim is the irregular Nonius. Wikipedia
Depth: 4,100 m
Colongitude: 359
Eponym: Bernhard Walther
Werner is a prominent lunar impact crater that lies in the rugged south-central highlands of the Moon. It was named after the 15th-century German mathematician and astronomer Johannes Werner. It is almost joined with the crater Aliacensis to the southeast, and the pair form a rugged valley in the intervening gap. Wikipedia
Diameter: 70,000 m
Depth: 4,200 m
Colongitude: 357
Aliacensis is a lunar impact crater that is located in the rugged southern highlands of the Moon. The crater Werner is located just to its north-northwest, and a narrow, rugged valley lies between the two comparably sized formations. To the southwest is Walther, and Apianus is to the northeast. Wikipedia
Diameter: 79,000 m
Depth: 3,700 m
Colongitude: 356
Craters (L-R) Aristoteles, Eudoxus, Burg, Hercules, Atlas & Posidonius. Imaged from London on the 9th June 2019.
Celestron Edge HD11 & ASI174MM camera
The large dark oval in the bottom left is Plato crater (101 km / 63 mi diameter). It is a flat lava plain surrounded by high crater walls. Below it in this image is the much larger lava plain of Mare Imbrium (“Sea of Showers”). Surrounding Plato crater is a broad mountain chain called the Montes Apenninus. These mountains form part of one of the ring structures that surround the Moon’s Imbrium Basin. In these mountains to the right of Plato Crater a straight diagonal gash through the mountains is visible This is the Apennine Valley. It is a type of geological feature known as a graben, formed when the crust of the Moon was stretched and split, with subsequent collapse of material above the split settling down into the crevice that was opened by the split. Similar features are known on Earth, and some have recently formed in Iceland as part of the volcanic activity in the Reykjanes Peninsula.
Above the arc of the Apennine Mountains is another area of volcanic plains called Mare Frigoris “Sea of Cold”). This is an unusual lunar lava “sea”, in that it is elongated, not like the usual round shape of lunar lava plains. If you look closely you might see that the region of Mare Frigoris just right of center has a reddish tint, differing from the grayish colors of the rest of Mare Frigoris. That is material that was dredged up and scattered over the surface by the impact that gouged the youngish crater at center right known as Aristoteles. The reddish material surrounds Aristoteles itself, and spreads across Mare Frigoris and into the crater fields above the mare.
Aristoteles crater forms a prominent pair with Eudoxus, just below it. The mountains and escarpments below and to the left of this crater pair are a remnant of another, outermost ring structure surrounding the Imbrium Basin.
The area above Mare Frigoris is part of the North Polar region of the Moon. Here the landscape is dominated by a jumble of overlapping craters and plains. Most of these are old, weathered, and partly filled with ejected material from other impact events. On the boundary of this region and Mare Frigoris, above Plato Crater, a crater can be seen that appears nearly square. This is W. Bond crater. It is streaked by rays of lighter material. Similar rays can be seen across the North Polar regions. The North Pole itself is toward the upper left, beyond the horizon line. The northernmost crater I can detect in this photo is Byrd crater.
Celestron EdgeHD 8
Celestron Advanced VX Mount
ZWO 224MC
Best 92 video frames of 369
PIPP
Autostakkert!3
Registax 6 wavelets
Photoshop
Here is a view of Aristoteles and Eudoxus craters on the moon. Aristoteles, the larger of the two and measures about 53 miles across while Eudoxus measures about 41 miles across.
Tech Specs: Sky-Watcher Esprit 120mm ED Triplet APO Refractor, Celestron CGEM-DX mount, ZWO ASI290MC camera, Televue Powermate 2.5x, best 25% of 20k frames. Captured with SharpCap v3 and processed using AutoStakkert! And Registax. Image Date: March 23, 2018. Location: The Dark Side Observatory in Weatherly, PA.
Craters Aristoteles & Eudoxus imaged from London on 25th November 2017
Celestron Edge HD11, Televue 2.5x Powermate, ASI174MM camera
Lunar del 25 11 2018. Mare Crisium / Mare Frioris / Mare Serenitis . Crateres: Eudoxus Aristoteles Poseidonius . Tele 114 / F8 Samung Cel S4 13Mp www.glaucoart.com.ar
This is a view of the region to the east of Mare Imbrium, where the Montes Caucasus (the eastern rim of the Imbrium Basin, separating Mare Imbrium from Mare Serenitatis), intersect with the Montes Alpes (the northern rim of the Imbrium Basin) and the lava plains of Mare Frigoris. This image is caught when the Sun was high in the Moon’s morning sky. Two prominent craters dominate the center of the region and will be the focus of this discussion.
The more northern and larger crater of the pair is Aristoteles (87 km wide and 3.3 km deep). Aristoteles is the older of the two craters, belonging to the Eratosthenean Period of the Moon’s history; it is between 1.1 and 3.2 billion years old. Aristoteles lies near the southern edge of Mare Frigoris and east of the Montes Alpes. A smaller crater (Mitchell) sits directly on the eastern rim of Aristoteles. Somewhat unusually, it is even older than Aristoteles, having survived the huge impact that created Aristoteles. The inner walls of Aristoteles are wide and terraced, and the floor of the crater is hilly. The central peaks are visible, but they are small and displaced south of the center of the crater basin. The area surrounding Aristoteles is covered by a blanket of ejecta, which has a radial pattern of dispersion, especially to the north.
The southern crater is Eudoxus. It lies just northeast of the Montes Caucasus. Eudoxus is about 67 km in diameter and 3.4 to 4.3 km deep. The mountains forming its rim tower as much as 3.35 km above the crater floor. The rim of Eudoxus has a series of terraces on the interior wall, and slightly worn ramparts about the exterior. It lacks a single central peak, but has a cluster of low hills about the midpoint of the floor. The remainder of the interior floor is relatively level. Eudoxus has a ray system (not visible in this image), and is consequently mapped as part of the Copernican System of craters, being less than 1.1 billion years old. Material ejected by the impact that excavated Eudoxus lapped up to and even spilled over the southern rim of Aristoteles.
The two craters lie in a jumbled, hummocky terrain. This is an area of broken and uplifted bedrock overlain by a wash of ejecta. Both of these terrain conditions are a consequence of the massive blast that created the Imbrium Basin. The craters themselves formed a billion and more years after this catastrophic event.
These two craters form a distinctive pair. They are well-known friends to those of us who enjoy telescopic views of the Moon.
This image was cropped from a splice of two separate but overlapping images. Microsoft ICE software was used to create the splice. Each image was created from a stack of the best 30% of 5350 video frames.
Software:
Video capture software: FireCapture
Stacking software: AutoStakkert! 3
Wavelets-processing: Registax 6
Final buff: Photoshop CC 2021.
Equipment:
Celestron EdgeHD8, 2032mm focal length, f/10
ZWO ASI 290MM planetary camera
Celestron Advanced VX Equatorial Mount
Lunar craters Aristoteles & Eudoxus and the long shadows cast by the tail end of the Montes Caucasus. Imaged from London on the 16th September 2018.
Celestron EdgeHD11 scope, ASI174MM camera and Televue 2.5x Powermate.
Moon 12/8/24
Alpine Valley & Craters Aristoteles, Eudoxus, Cassini
5630 frames 10% stack
11" Celestron Edge HD & QHY200M (F/10)
The Montes Alps mountain range can be seen in the left of the image. The Alpine Valley bisects the range. It is @ 103 miles(166km) long by 6 miles long(10km) at its widest point.
The bottom left of the image, directly below the Montes Alps mountain range, is part of the Mare Imbrium. Latin for "Sea of Showers" it is a giant, ancient lava basin. A single mountain peak is seen in the basin, Mons Piton. Mons Piton has a diameter of 14.3 miles(25km) and is 1.4 miles(2.25km) high. To the right of the mountain is the crater Cassini.
Near the upper right is the crater Aristoteles. Below and slightly right is the crater Eudoxus. Below these 2 craters is the mountain range Montes Caucasus.
Aristoteles, Eudoxus, Vallis Alpes and Montes Alpes imaged from London on the evening of 14th May 2016
Celestron Edge HD11, ASI120MM camera
Aristillus, Theaetetus, Cassini (with two crathers into), Eudoxus, Aristoteles, Mayer, Archytas,
Mons Pitons, Montes Alpes, Montes Caucasus, Mons Pico.
Vallis Alpes
Telescope Meade LX200 f8.
Camera DMK 21AU4
2000 frames in avi video, 30 fps.
Terrible seeing and clouds.
Observatori Astronòmic de l'Institut d'Alcarràs.
Lunar craters Aristoteles, Eudoxus, Cassini, Aristillus & Autolycus along with the Montes Caucasus shot from London on the 5th April 2025. Celestron Edge HD11 scope, Televue 2.5x Powermate, ZWO ASI174MM camera
Lunar craters Aristoteles, Eudoxus & Burg imaged from London on 22nd February 2018
Celestron Edge HD11, ASI174MM camera, Televue 2.5x Powermate
Montes Alpes on the Moon 🌙
Montes Alps and the Alpine Valley featured in the centre with the Plato crater on the top left and to the right is Aristoteles with Eudoxus sitting just beneath it on the image.
Equipment:
C11 telescope
ZWOasi290mm
AVX mount
Software:
Firecapture, AS3, Registax 6 and Photoshop
ASI290MM, Astronomik ProPlanet 807 IR-pass filter, Sky-Watcher 2xbarlow, Sky-Watcher Skyliner 350P Flextube.
20% of 3300(60s) frames stacked.
Observatory
(astronomer.) - an institution designed to produce systematic series of observations of celestial bodies; it is usually erected on high terrain, from which a great horizons would open in all directions. Each O. has a personal staff of observers and calculators, telescopes and other instruments for making observations and special rooms for instruments. Since the need for astronomical observations for time sharing and for agricultural work was recognized even in the very first days of the emergence of human culture, the beginning of O.'s device is lost in ancient times. The personal personnel of the former O. were priests and ministers of religion. The Chaldeans built ziggurats or observatory temples; from the Chinese, as branch branches of a mathematical tribunal, from time immemorial O. existed in Beijing, Luoyang and other cities; Egyptian pyramids, judging by the orientation of their sides according to the countries of the world, were also erected with the aim of producing famous astronomical observations; traces of the existence of former O. are found in India, Persia, Peru, and Mexico. In addition to large governmental O.s, in ancient times private ones were also erected, for example, O. Eudoxus, who was very famous (see) in the Book. The main tools of ancient O. were: the gnomon (see) for systematic observations of the midday heights of the Sun, sundials and clepsydra (see) for measuring time; without the aid of instruments, we observed the Moon and its phases, planets, moments of sunrise and sunset of the stars, their passage through the meridian, solar and lunar eclipses. The first O. in the modern sense of the word was the famous museum in Alexandria, organized by Ptolemy Philadelphus. A number of astronomers such as Aristide, Timocharis, Hipparchus, Aristarchus, Eratosthenes, Geminus, Ptolemy and others raised this institution to an unprecedented height. Here, for the first time, they began to use tools with divided circles. Aristarchus installed a copper circle on the museum’s portico in the equatorial plane and with its help he directly observed the times of the passage of the Sun through the equinoxes. Hipparchus invented astrolabe (see) with two mutually perpendicular circles and diopters (see) for observation. Ptolemy introduced quadrants (see) and installed them using a plumb line. The transition from full circles to quadrants was, in essence, a step backward, but the authority of Ptolemy kept the quadrants on O. until the days of Römer, who proved that in full circles, observations are made more accurately; however, the quadrants were completely abandoned only at the beginning of the 19th century. After the destruction of the Alexandrian Museum with all its collections and tools, O. began to be settled again by the Arabs and the peoples subjugated by them; O. appeared in Baghdad, Cairo, Maraga (Nasr-Eddin), Samarkand (Ulug-bei), etc. The Arab scholar Geber arranged O. in Seville, the oldest in Europe. Since the beginning of the XVI century. it was in Europe that O. began to be built, first private and then government: Regiomontan built O. in Nuremberg, William IV, Landgrass of Hesse, in Kassel (1561) and others. Famous Tycho Brahe (see) all his fortune, more than 100,000 crowns, used for the construction and tools of his O. on the island of Gwen, near Copenhagen. He was the first in Europe to use metal tools with circles divided after 1 '. Private O. Hevelius also enjoyed great fame (see). The first government O. in Europe was built in 1637-56. in Copenhagen. Before the fire of 1728, it had the shape of a tower 115 Danish feet high and 48 feet in diameter. O. herself was placed on the top of the tower, where a spiral road led, hollow rising inside the walls. It is known that on this road in 1716 Peter the Great rode on horseback, and Catherine I in a carriage drawn by six horses. Römer also noticed the disadvantages of this high tower for the installation of devices, and he invented the passenger tool he installed in his private O. at ground level and away from the road. Parisian O. was laid in 1667 and completed in 1671 at the insistence of Colbert, with generous funds allocated by Louis XVI; it was built by the famous Perrault (Claude Perrault), the architect of the Louvre. Grinich O. was built by Ren (see) and opened after the Paris one in 1675. The decree of the English queen clearly and definitely expressed the purpose of O.'s device, which she still pursues today: to compile accurate catalogs of stars and tables of movements of the moon, sun and planets to perfect the art of navigation. Paris and Grinich O. were abundantly equipped with the most accurate, for their time, instruments and served as models for the construction of other, later O. in the cities: Leiden (1690), Berlin (1711), Bologna (1714), Utrecht (1726 ), Pisa (1730), Uppsala (1739), Stockholm (1746), Lund (1753), Milan (1765), Oxford (1772), Edinburgh (1776), Dublin (1783), etc. By the end of the XVIII century. in Europe there were more than 100 O., and now their number reaches 380. More or less satisfactory O. exist at every university and every polytechnic institute. In recent years, the number of private O.s arranged by amateur astronomers has been growing especially rapidly. a huge number of them are in England and in the United States, where entire capital is donated to them. Of these O., Likovskaya near San Francisco and Yerkskaya near Chicago are especially remarkable, with the world's largest magnificent refractors with lenses of 36 and 40 inches in diameter. The first O. in Russia was founded by Peter the Great, simultaneously with the Academy of Sciences, in 1725 in St. Petersburg (opened under Catherine I); it is an octagonal tower, existing to this day over the building of the library of the academy, on Vasilievsky Island. Its first director was Delisle (see). In 1747, it burned down and was rebuilt and improved again by Delil's successors - Gainzius and Grishov. The latter drew attention to the inconvenience of O.'s location in the middle of the city and on a tall building: the smoke from the chimneys of the surrounding houses hides the horizon, and the instruments tremble from passing carriages. He even drew up a project for the construction of O. outside the city, but his premature death in 1760 halted the implementation of the project. The next director Rumovsky proposed a new project - to build O. in Tsarskoye Selo; this project was not realized only because of the death of Empress Catherine II. However, the shortcomings of academic O. were recognized by all subsequent astronomers. In 1830, professor of St. George's University V. Struve was sent abroad by the Highest Command with a special purpose to inspect the most important O. of Western Europe and to develop a new Russian project. Around the same time, Count Kushelev — Bezborodko offered a plot of his dacha on the Vyborg side as a gift under O., but this place was considered uncomfortable due to its proximity to the city. The appointed special commission stopped the choice on the top of Pulkovo Mountain, indicated by Emperor Nicholas I himself and lying south of the capital, 14 versts from the Moscow outpost, at an altitude of 248 feet above sea level. To develop a detailed draft of the new O. in 1833, a committee was formed of academicians Vishnevsky, Parrot, Struve and Fuss, under the chairmanship of Admiral Greig, who had already built O. in Nikolaev several years before. The project of the building and its implementation were entrusted to the architect A.P. Bryullov (see), and the instruments were simultaneously ordered in Munich by Ertel, Reichenbach and Merz and Maler, in Hamburg - to the Repsold brothers. Bookmark Pulkovo O. took place on June 21, 1835, and the solemn consecration of the finished buildings - August 7, 1839. The total cost of the construction reached 2100500 rubles. bank notes, including 40,000 rubles here. banknotes issued to state peasants who had their estates in an area alienated under O. of 20 acres. According to § 2 of the charter of O., its purpose is "to produce: a) constant and as complete observations as possible, which tend to succeed in astronomy, b) corresponding observations necessary for geographical enterprises in the Empire and for scientific trips made, and c) O. must to contribute by all measures to the improvement of practical astronomy, in its adaptations to geography and navigation, and to bring the case to practical exercises in the geographical determination of places. " The originally constructed buildings were actually O., with three towers at the top, and 2 houses on the sides for the residence of astronomers. Subsequently, several small towers for small tools were erected, including a completely separate small O. for surveyors, a new large tower south of the former and an astrophysical laboratory. The middle of the main building is occupied by a round hall with a bust of the founder of O. - Emperor Nicholas I, portraits of subsequent emperors and famous astronomers. Above this room is a library, which currently has 15,000 volumes and about 20,000 brochures of astronomical content. Main tools: the new large 30-inch Repsold refractor with A. Clark lens and devices for spectroscopic observations and photographing celestial bodies, the original 15-inch Merz and Mahler refractor, a large passive instrument, Ertel’s vertical circle. Repsold meridian circle, Repsold’s pass-through tool installed in the 1st vertical, Merz and Mahler heliometer, astrograph, small refractors, astrophotometric instruments, comet detectors, clocks, chronometers, surveying instruments, etc. There is a mechanical workshop for repairing instruments in O. run by a special mechanic. According to the original staff in Pulkovo O. it was supposed: director, 4 astronomers and a caretaker, according to the new staff of 1862 it was supposed to: director, vice director, 4 senior and 2 associate astronomers, scientific secretary, 2 calculators and an undetermined number of supernumerary astronomers of young people who graduated from university and preparing to devote themselves to astronomy. The first director was V. Struve, from 1862 to 1890 his son O. Struve, then F. Bredikhin (until 1895), and now O. Baklund. The northern latitude of Pulkovo is not favorable for observing the zodiac zone of the sky, and therefore the observatory has set itself the main task of observing the stars to compile the most accurate catalog. The so-called "Pulkovo stars" now serve as the basis for deducing the position of other stars observed on other O. astronomers. Pulkovskaya O. for its nearly 60-year existence has published 16 large volumes of "Observations" and about 500 works published separately and in astronomical journals. Other Russian O. cannot even be compared with Pulkovskaya either in the number of observers or in the richness of their instruments. The most important of them: the military in Tashkent (now director D. Gedeonov), the naval in Nikolaev (I. Cortazzi) and Kronstadt (V. Fuss) and the university in St. Petersburg (S. Glazenap), Moscow (V. Cerazsky), Kazan (D. Dubyago), Yuryev [Before the construction of Pulkovskaya, O. Derptskaya (now Yuryevskaya) was the best in Russia (see Struve).] (G. Levitsky), Warsaw (I. Vostokov), Kiev (M. Handrikov), Kharkov (L. Struve), Odessa (A. Kononovich) and Helsingfors (A. Donner). The former academic O. in St. Petersburg is closed, and its instruments were transported to Pulkovo, where, in a special gallery around the new tower of a large refractor, an astronomical museum is arranged. On the attached tables, in addition to the general views of O., a section of the tower of the large refractor Pulkovo O is shown.
Source: gufo.me/dict/brockhaus
Photography without poses
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Aberkenfig, South Wales
Lat 51.542 N Long 3.593 W
Skywatcher 254mm Newtonian, Tal 2x Barlow & ZWO ASI 120MC Astronomical Imaging Camera.
4000 frames captured & 1800 Processed with Registax 6 & G.I.M.P.
Knidos (Cnidus)
Ancient City, Turkey
Written By: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
See Article History
Cnidus, ancient Greek city on the Carian Chersonese, on the southwest coast of Anatolia. The city was an important commercial centre, the home of a famous medical school, and the site of the observatory of the astronomer Eudoxus. Cnidus was one of six cities in the Dorian Hexapolis and hosted the Dorian games every four years. The Cnidians claimed they were of Spartan origin.
First founded on the southern coast of the Reşadiye peninsula, it was moved in c. 330 bc to Deveboynu Burnu (Cape Kriyo), where a small island was artificially joined to the mainland. One of the two harbours thus created served ships of war, the other merchant shipping. Cnidus founded colonies on Lipara, north of Sicily, and at Black Corcyra (modern Korčula, Croatia) in the Adriatic Sea.
After a vain attempt to convert their peninsula into an island, the Cnidians submitted to the Persians soon after 546 bc; they supported Athens in the Delian League against Persia but revolted against Athens in 412. Cnidus became a democracy in the 4th century bc and was under Ptolemaic control in the 3rd century. It was a free city within the Roman province of Asia, enduring until the 7th century ad, when it was abandoned.
C.T. Newton, excavating the site in 1857–59, found a marble statue of the seated Demeter there. Later excavation revealed the axial plan of the ancient city, a few private dwellings, and numerous public buildings. The most significant of these is the Temple of Aphrodite, a circular Doric temple, excavated by Iris C. Love in 1970. At this site Love found the marble base and fragments of the famous statue of Aphrodite sculpted by Praxiteles in the 4th century bc. The statue, one of the most celebrated in classical antiquity, was purchased by the people of Cnidus after the citizens of the Cos had rejected it on account of its nudity.
www.britannica.com/place/Cnidus
www.triphistoric.com/historic-sites/knidos
The Lion of Knidos
www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collecti...
DEMETER FROM KNIDOS
The sculpture of Demeter, found in her sanctuary at Knidos in 1858, was first recorded in modern times by English travelers in 1812. The inherent pathos of the figure – the deep-set eyes and other facial characteristics – is often associated with works of the 4th century BCE. sculptor Skopas. However, the work is also often attributed to other sculptors, and some sources date the origin of the work to later centuries.
Here, Demeter is shown seated on a throne - the back part and arm-rails have broken away and are missing. Her lower arms and hands are also lost, though she probably once held a libation bowl or torch. The head was carved separately from the body and socketed into the neck. Demeter is portrayed as a model of Greek womanhood - serene, mature, motherly and modestly veiled. It is speculated that the piece may have originally been accompanied by a standing figure, presumably Persephone. It is also speculated that weary in her search, she sits alone.
Historical Context:
The Sanctuary of Demeter at Knidos was laid out at about the same time as the re-founding of the city, around 350 BCE. The sanctuary consisted of a long platform terraced into the side of an acropolis, with spectacular views of the city below and the sea beyond. Many votive sculptures were once displayed within the sanctuary. Most of these survive only as fragments, but this cult statue of Demeter herself is remarkably intact.
www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collecti...
www.slatermuseum.org/cast/demeter-from-knidos/
www.britannica.com/place/Cnidus
www.triphistoric.com/historic-sites/knidos
The Lion of Knidos
www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collecti...
Please see for details:
www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collecti...
www.slatermuseum.org/cast/demeter-from-knidos/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodite_of_Knidos
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demeter_of_Knidos
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demeter_of_Knidos
Thank you for your comments and the explore.
MONTES CAUCASUS / EGEDE / EUDOXUS / ARISTOTELES / MITCHELL / GALLE
(you really have to click on the link
to the full to have all the details)
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"Kwisatz Haderach" N406/1810
QHY174MM + PMTx5
+ ASTRONOMIK ROT
60 Frames - 0,13"/pixel
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Full : www.flickr.com/photos/187071820@N02/51985408290/sizes/o/
Sunrise at the Montes Alpes, craters Aristoteles, Eudoxus are prominent as well as Vallis Alpes.
Celestron Edge HD11 scope & ASI174MM camera.
Image taken with a SkyWatcher 70mm SK707AZ2 + Barlow 3X + 10mm lens (210x).
Edited with Photofiltre and MS Picture Manager, to get more details.
Eudoxis Crater (Lunar) – diameter is 70 km, named after the Greek astronomer (c. 408-355 BC). Noted for the terraced slopes on the interior walls (that you can make out in my image) and not having a central peak.
Tech Specs: ZWO ASI290MC camera and Meade 12” LX90 telescope mounted on a Celestron CGEM-DX mount. Software used included Sharpcap v2.9, AutoStakkert! Alpha Version 2.3.0.21, ImagesPlus v5.75a, and Registax v6.1.0.8. Photographed on January 7, 2017 from Weatherly, Pennsylvania.