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While the paint is giving way in this historic woolen mill in Maine, the architecture of support remains intact.
It's also the most-southerly point of the Trans Canada Trail but that may be TMI (70km south from the 49th parallel Canada/US border)
Wednesday morning I got a late start at 8am but the ride went well anyway. Unforseen circumstances.
The iZip was the weapon-of-choice so I headed straight for the Lochside Trail at Bordon St.
After connecting to the Galloping Goose Trail my first stop was Fort St. downtown.
Then out thru Beacon Hill Park to Clover Point and back thru town via the Niagara Street c\Connector.
What a beautiful ride along Victoria's waterfront along Dallas Road!
From there is was back along The Goose/Lochside to McKenzie Ave. and home.
The ride was 28.3km and took 1½hrs. But who's counting?
Google.streetviews in Victoria BC is so outdated the only way to see the quantity and quality of its bicycle lanes to go and see for one's self.
Monday morning I rode the new iZip Juice hub-drive ebike on a battery endurance test from home to Sidney, BC., and return.
My mid-drive Del Sol electric-assist (had it four years and 3400km) bike only goes if it is pedaled — hub drive bikes go without pedaling.
The iZip even has cruise-control so this is the setting used for today's test. All momentum is generated from the battery alone.
I was very impressed with the 52.5km distance achieved by using battery alone. The battery still had remaining power when turned off.
My Del Sol bicycle got 71km distance by using pedal power along with electric-assist.
Considering the advantages of both systems, I've concluded a serious cyclist needs one of each — the choice being on the demands of the ride.
The hub-drive or mid-drive are not competing systems in my opinion. One is not better than the other — they are simply different.
April Fools Day I cycled an 18km loop Henderson/Foul Bay (University/Downtown Cycling Route) outbound and the Galloping Goose Trail (GGT) inbound to home.
The object of this exercise (pun intended) was to checkout, firsthand, the new Fort Street Cycling Lanes.
Heretofore, my only viable option to cycle to downtown Victoria has been to join the GGT at the Switch Bridge and ride it to town.
The only safe road to ride between downtown is the University of Victoria Cycling Route.
Not having separated (I call them dedicated) bike lanes up the Fort St. section between Cook St. and Oak Bay Ave. has always been its weakest link.
This was rectified this year on January 10, 2024 with the completion of this dedicated bike lane.
The lanes themselves are a masterful piece of design, engineering and construction.
Thank you to all involved and in particular Victoria's former mayor, Lisa Helps.
Volvo B10B Wright Edurance.
delivered new in Mar 1994
owned by Merseyside Transport Trust
MTT Open Day 2014
Burscough Old Airfield
April Fools Day I cycled an 18km loop Henderson/Foul Bay (University/Downtown Cycling Route) outbound and the Galloping Goose Trail (GGT) inbound to home.
The object of this exercise (pun intended) was to checkout, firsthand, the new Fort Street Cycling Lanes.
Heretofore, my only viable option to cycle to downtown Victoria has been to join the GGT at the Switch Bridge and ride it to town.
The only safe road to ride between downtown is the University of Victoria Cycling Route.
Not having separated (I call them dedicated) bike lanes up the Fort St. section between Cook St. and Oak Bay Ave. has always been its weakest link.
This was rectified this year on January 10, 2024 with the completion of this dedicated bike lane.
The lanes themselves are a masterful piece of design, engineering and construction.
Thank you to all involved and in particular Victoria's former mayor, Lisa Helps.
Homeward bound from the TT
I think it is either a Z900 or Z1000 Edurance racer from the 70's or 80's.Thanks to the guys from the GTR forum for the info.
U.S. Coast Guard: CGC Mellon (WHEC 717)-
USCGC Mellon is a 378 foot high-edurance cutter homeported in Seattle. It is designed to perform each of the U.S. Coast Guard’s
missions, which include search and rescue, home- land security operations, law enforcement and environmental protection.
GoPro Fort Street Bike Lanes 1-minute VIDEO
Wednesday morning I cycled a 29km loop
Outbound to Lochside Trail and the Switch Bridge then Galloping Goose Trail to Atkins Station (12km)
Inbound to downtown along the E&N Rail Trail to Fort Street.
Up Fort Street in dedicated bike lanes to Foul Bay Rd.
North along Foul Bay designated (no barriers) bike lane to University of Victoria at Cedar Hill Cross Rd.
Around Finnerty Gardens to Varsity and thru Horner Park to Palo Alto and home (29.3km total)
Product: Endurance
Color: Jet Black with markings
Location: Bayona, France
Client: Synapse Reathletics
Steadfast is a Reliance-class Medium Endurance Cutter that has served the USCG for over 50 years.
General characteristics
Displacement:759 tons
Length:210 ft 6 in (64.16 m)
Beam:34 ft (10 m)
Draft:10 ft 6 in (3.20 m) max
Propulsion:2 x V16 2550 hp ALCO 251B diesel engines
Speed:max 18 knots; 2,700 mile range
Range:cruise 14 knots; 6,100 mile range
Complement:12 officers, 63 enlisted
Sensors and processing systems:2 x AN/SPS-64
Armament:
1 × Mk 38 25mm machine gun
2 × M2HB .50 caliber machine gun
Aircraft carried:HH-65 Dolphin
Product: Endurance
Color: Jet Black with markings
Location: Bayona, France
Client: Synapse Reathletics
Product: Endurance
Color: Jet Black with markings
Location: Bayona, France
Client: Synapse Reathletics
Product: Endurance
Color: Jet Black with markings
Location: Bayona, France
Client: Synapse Reathletics
Product: Endurance
Color: Jet Black with markings
Location: Bayona, France
Client: Synapse Reathletics
The Scottish 5km Championships is an endurance event for swimmers over 5 km. It will include an open event with the final being held in Scotland’s newest 50 metre pool, the Aberdeen Aquatic Centre, where the top 10 men and top 10 women will compete over 100 lengths.
The finals will take place in Aberdeen on 15th February 2014.
Here's another recipe from our Instagram friend @bigtasteleanwaist:
"Up close and personal to this morning's pre long run waffles! Inspired by @ottos_cassava_flour waffle recipe found on @laurafranklin's freshandfrank.com
I adapted the recipe to a single serving with a full serving of Pines Wheat Grass from the @wheatgrass_people! One of my recent health goals is to consume more green things.
Recipe for waffles:
1/4c @ottos_cassava_flour
1tsp #PinesWheatGrass powder
Scant 1/4tsp salt
1/2tsp baking powder
1/8-1/4tsp cinnamon
1/2 banana
1 whole egg
3/4tsp vanilla extract
2tsp @nutiva coconut oil
Dropper of @sweetleafstevia (optional but do it)
1/3c cashew milk (any non dairy milk is fine)
^ preheat waffle iron & combine everything in a blender until smooth. Makes two amazing waffles!
In an effort to pack as much color and nutrients into my food as possible I also added 1/4 tsp more wheatgrass powder (to create a full serving of wheatgrass powder) to plain @wallabyyogurt Greek yogurt mixed with powdered @anthonysgoods erythritol sweetener. I then used @wildhibiscusco butterfly pea flower extract and decorated 🌎 the waffle with the fortified yogurt containing tons of health benefits!
More recipes, store locator and shopping cart to order direct is at Pines' website (www.wheatgrass.com.) Pines International was the original wheatgrass company and for 40 years has been producing quality #wheatgrass, grown slowly outdoors in often freezing temperatures with deep roots as nature intends (never unnaturally in trays).
More tags: #GreenDuo #MightyGreens #alfalfa #glutenfree #Kosher #gmofree #vegan #vegetarian #stamina #edurance #athlete #marathon #triathlon #foodblog #spartanrace #greensuperfood #smoothie #organic #paleo #kosher #nitricoxide #recovery #juice #antioxidant #chlorophyl #vegetables #veggies #running
left - World Edurance Manufacturers Cup
2014 Toyota
2015 Porsche
right World Endurance Drivers Championship Cup
2014 Anthony Davidson
Sebastian Buemi
2015 Mark Webber
Timo Bernhard
Brendon Hartley
Many thanks for a fantabulous
45,138,072 views
Shot 19:05:2015 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany - Ref 110-386
IMG_6454
WHEN GENERAL LYON CAME.
[From Jonathan Fairbanks and Clyde Edwin Tuck
Past and Present of Greene County, Missouri 1914]
Southwest Missouri was becoming the store center of the West. On July 3, 1861, Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, who was destined to play a very important role in the war drama in this part of the country, left Boonville, where a battle had been fought with Jackson and Marmaduke, three weeks previously. He was at the head of some two thousand troops, leading them to Southwestern Missouri for the purpose of co-operating with Sigel. Another force of about sixteen hundred men, comprising ten companies of Kansas volunteers, six companies of regular infantry and dragoons and five companies of cavalry, under the command of Maj. S. D. Sturgis, left Kansas City on June 25, destined also for southwest Missouri. At Grand river, in Henry county, the two commands formed a junction and then started to find Sigel. General Lyon upon hearing of the Union defeat and retreat eastward, changed his direction more to the eastward, reaching Greene county about July 13th and went into camp near Pond Spring in the western part of the county and on the above mentioned date Lyon rode on into Springfield. Those who saw him enter the town always remembered vividly his appearance. He was mounted on a splendid iron-gray horse, with an escort and body-guard of ten picked men from the First Regiment, United States, Regular Cavalry, all of whom were men remarkable for their large size, strong physique, and fine horsemanship. The bright, neatly fitting blue uniform contrasted sharply with his red beard and long red hair. He treated citizens with kindness and courtesy although impressing their domestic animals and such provisions as he needed for his army. He soon got in communication with Sigel, also with General Fremont at St. Louis, asking the latter to send him reinforcements at once. He also busied himself with recruiting for the Federal service, and issued commissions to the officers of the Home Guard companies, and mustering in enlisted men. His arrival in Springfield was heralded broadcast and he was soon visited by Union leaders from all over this section of the state, by men from the various counties within a radius of seventy-five miles. [249]
The regiment of Home Guards which General Lyon accepted and which had been organized during the previous month, contained twelve companies and an aggregate of eleven hundred and thirty-three officers and men and it saw considerable service of a varied nature in Greene and adjoining counties. A number from Christian county were in the regiment, but all the field officers were from Greene county, as follows: John S. Phelps, colonel; Marcus Boyd, lieutenant-colonel; S. H. Boyd, major; R. J. McElhaney, adjutant; Henry Sheppard, quartermaster. The companies from Greene county were as follows: Company A—John A. Lee, captain; Jason T. Fielden, first lieutenant; aggregate strength of company, fifty-eight. Company B— William Vaughn, captain; Isham W. Faught, first lieutenant; George M. Keltner, second lieutenant; aggregate strength of the company, seventy-three. Company C—J. T. Abernathy, captain; Hugh Boyd, first lieutenant; William Cliborne, second lieutenant; aggregate strength, seventy-five. Company D—Charles I. Dunwright, captain; William H. Kershner, first lieutenant; Walter A. Gault, second lieutenant; aggregate strength, ninety-six. Company G— T. C. Piper, captain, resigned July 30th, and succeeded by J. A. Mack, Sr.; T. V. Massey, first lieutenant; T. B. Gibson, second lieutenant; aggregate strength, fifty-six. Company K— John W. Gatty, captain, resigned July 8th; Hosea G. Mullings, first lieutenant; J. S. Roberson, second lieutenant; aggregate strength, one hundred and twenty-five. Company L—William H. McAdams, captain; David C. Allen, first lieutenant; S. B. Rainey, second lieutenant; aggregate strength, seventy-five. Company M—Sampson P. Bass, captain; Pleasant A. Hart, first lieutenant; Stephen L. Wiles, second lieutenant; Henry Sullivan, third lieutenant; aggregate strength, one hundred and one. Company N—Daniel L. Mallicoat, captain; George W. Cooper, first lieutenant; Francis L. Milligan, second lieutenant; aggregate strength, sixty-two. Other companies were "E," Captain Nelson; "F," Captain Stevens (died on a scout, June 25, 1861); "H," Captain Jesse Galloway (killed September 29,1861); and "I," Captain Allred, from other counties. The regiment was disbanded August 17, 1861, one week after the battle of Wilson's Creek. Many of its members re-enlisted in Phelps' regiment and the Twenty-fourth Missouri Infantry. [249]
A FALSE ALARM.
A picnic and basket-dinner was held by the women of Springfield who were of Union families at Pond Spring near where the army of General Lyon was camped in the western part of Greene county. The officers and visitors were spending a pleasant hour at lunch under the shade of the trees, when a great cloud of dust was observed along the road to the west and a column of troops was seen to be approaching. The alarm was given and great excitement prevailed, everyone believing that Price and McCulloch, who were known to be not far away, were marching on the Union camp with their armies, and the dust was supposed to be caused by the vanguard of their approaching commands. The long role sounded in the Union camp, bugles rang out, "there was mounting in hot haste," the infantry swung into line, the artillery unlimbered and formed in position, and everything was ready for a fight within a few minutes. The picnickers were placed in secure retreats in a deep hollow in the rear of the picnic grounds. But it was soon discovered that the marching column was composed of Union refugees, with their wagons, cattle, household goods, men and their families who had been frightened out of Barry, Newton and McDonald counties by the troops of Price and Rains. [250]
Recently other Federal troops had reached Springfield and passed on. Among these was the Fourth Regiment United States Reserve Corps, under Col. B. Gratz Brown, of St. Louis, afterwards a United States senator and governor of Missouri. When the first eight companies of this regiment reached Springfield on July 5th and hearing of Sigel's defeat at Carthage it marched two days later on to Mt. Vernon to assist him, but returned to Springfield July 9th, and about a week later went back to St. Louis and was mustered out, its terms of enlistment having expired. When Sigel went west to Neosho before the battle of Carthage he left two companies of Salomon's regiment in Springfield under Maj. Cronenbold, and in the meantime these troops had made numerous arrests among the citizens, charged with "disloyalty," and the court house which was used as a prison, was soon full. Colonel Sigel had appointed Col. John S. Phelps and Marcus Boyd a commission to examine into the cases of the imprisoned, with power to release or retain in custody as they saw proper. The result was that few were kept as prisoners.
There was at that time a large foundry in Springfield and its workmen were set to casting cannon balls for Sigel's artillery, and these together with wagon loads of provisions were hurried to him as he was about out of both. This was all done under direction of Col. Phelps, who was, in a sense, commander of the post here. In the rush to get the cannon balls to the front, some of them left the foundry so hot that one wagon was set on fire. About this time Major Dorn was a special agent for the Southerners among the tribes in the Indian Territory. His family resided in Springfield, and, upon hearing of the precarious situation here he sent for his family to join him. Members of the family rode in a carriage while the household effects were placed in wagons. When but a few miles out of town, Colonel Phelps sent a detachment of soldiers and brought the refugees back, making a thorough search of the wagons, for he had been told that they contained ammunition and other articles contraband of war intended for use of the secessionists under Price and Rains. However, nothing was found and a few days later the Dorn family was allowed to proceed on its way.
A company of Home Guards was mustered into the Union service for three months by authority of General Sweeney soon after the Federal occupation of Springfield. This company consisted of eighty-nine men, and was armed with muskets taken from a company of mutineers belonging to one of Sigel's regiments which had become insubordinate on the march from Rolla to Springfield. The company was an independent one and not attached to any regiment or battalion. It was organized chiefly for duty in Springfield and was here during Sigel's absence and the battle of Carthage. [251]klh
THE EXPEDITION TO FORSYTH.
Hearing that a large secession camp was at Forsyth, Taney county, General Sweeney was detailed to take about twelve hundred men from Springfield on July 20th to break it up. The command was composed of two companies of the regular cavalry under Capt. D. S. Stanley; a section of Captain Totten's battery, in charge of Lieutenant Sokalski; about five hundred men of the First Iowa Infantry, under Lieutenant colonel Merritt; Captain Wood's company of mounted Kansas volunteers, and the Second Kansas Infantry under Colonel Mitchell. The little army left Springfield on Saturday and reached Forsyth two days later, on Monday afternoon captured the town with but little difficulty, putting to flight about two hundred State Guards, who had been quartered in the court house and secured some guns, provisions, horses, clothing, blankets and a few prisoners; also a quantity of lead was taken from a well into which it had been thrown when the invaders approached the town. Three shells were thrown into the court house after the Unionists had possession of the town. In the skirmish, three Federals were wounded and a horse was shot from under Captain Stanley. It was reported that five were killed of the secessionists and ten wounded among whom was a Captain Jackson. For some unknown reason General Sweeney did not molest a Confederate camp of one thousand men, only fifty miles from Forsyth, at Yellville, Arkansas.
The Confederates were not ignorant of the activity of the Federals in southwest Missouri during this period and were making every preparation possible to dispute the occupancy of this section of the state with their foes. Gen. Ben McCulloch, a dashing Texan, who had seen service as a "ranger," had been ordered by the Confederate government to go to the assistance of its allies in Missouri. He accordingly established temporary headquarters at Fayetteville, Arkansas, where he was joined by one regiment of Louisiana and Arkansas volunteers and a division of Arkansas state troops. The Missouri State Guards, under Governor Jackson and General Rains, had first gathered near Sarcoxie, Jasper county, later pitching their tents on the Cowskin Prairie, in McDonald county, where considerable time was spent in drinking, organizing and recruiting. From the latter encampment Gen. Sterling Price began moving the State Guards, on July 25, 1861, toward Cassville, Barry county, where he was to meet the troops of Generals McCulloch and N. B. Pearce, also Gen. J. H. McBride's division of State Guards. Here preparations were to be made for a forward movement on General Lyon, Sigel, Sweeney and other Union commanders, whose troops were in the vicinity of Springfield. The junction of the secession forces was effected on July 29th, and the combined armies were soon put under marching orders. [252]
The First Division was commanded by General McCulloch in person; Gencral Pearce, of Arkansas, commanded the Second Division, and the Third Division, under General Steen, of Missouri, left Cassville, August 1st and 2d, taking the Springfield road. It is said that General Price, with the major portion of his infantry, accompanied the Second Division. A few days later a regiment of Texas Rangers, under Colonel Greer, joined the advancing Confederates. The advance guard was commanded by Gen. J. S. Rains, the noted Jasper county politician. His was the Eighth Division and of this he selected six companies of mounted Missourians to lead the van. Rains was given the advance because many of his men were residents of this section of the state and were familiar with the roads and general lay of the land. On Friday, August 2d, he camped at Dug Springs, in Christian county, about twenty miles southwest of Springfield. The main army was some distance to the westward. The Confederate army was really composed of three armies, as follows: The Missouri State Guard under General Price, a division of Arkansas state troops under Gen. N. Bart Pearce, and a division of Southern troops under Gen. Ben McCulloch. Pearce's division was composed of the First Arkansas Cavalry, under Col. De Rosey Carroll, Capt. Charles A. Carroll's independent company of cavalry, the Third Arkansas Infantry, under Col. John R. Gratiot, the Fourth Arkansas Infantry, under Col. J. D. Walker, the Fifth Arkansas Infantry, under Col. T. P. Dockery and Capt. Woodruff's Battery, the "Pulaski Artillery." All of the infantry regiments had enlisted for three months only and their terms of enlistment expired about September 1. They were properly state militia. Another Arkansas battery under Capt. J. G. Reid, of Ft. Smith, was also with General Pearce, but later assigned to McCulloch's division. [253]
AN ENGAGEMENT AT DUG SPRINGS.
The Federal scouts duly informed General Lyon of the concentration of the Confederate troops, and of the intention of the combined armies to engage him in battle. His spies were bold and faithful. They sometimes marched in the enemy's ranks, loitered about the headquarters of the commanding officers and in whatever manner possible gathered information that was of great value to the Federals, then left the camps unobserved, slipped through the line of pickets and made their way in all haste to inform their chief. Most of these scouts and spies were residents of this part of the state and were familiar with "the lay of the land" in general. On the other hand the spies of General Price were just as clever and daring, and gained such information as he required from the Federal camp. They, too, were residents of this part of the state. A number of Greene county men acted as scouts and spies for both armies. Although the Southern army greatly outnumbered his own, Lyon, the fighting Irishman that he was, decided to go out and give battle, not waiting for the enemy to come to him, but meeting him half way. He had sent numerous messages to General Fremont for reinforcements from St. Louis, but not deeming it advisable to wait any longer on uncertainty he got his army in motion late Thursday afternoon August 1st. The forces of Sigel and Sturgis had swelled his army to five thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight men of all arms, infantry, cavalry and eighteen pieces of artillery. Mounting his white charger he led the force in person, taking the road toward Cassville, leaving behind a force of volunteers and Home Guards to hold Springfield. That night the army bivouacked about ten miles southwest of Springfield on a branch of the James river. His subordinate commanders were Brig.-Gen. T. W. Sweeney, Col. Franz Sigel and Maj. S. D. Sturgis. Early the following morning the command resumed its march. The men suffered severely from the dust, intense heat and thirst. Most of the wells and streams were dry as a result of the drought. Late in the afternoon as much as five dollars was offered for a canteen of warm ditch water, but the column pushed on until the vanguard came upon General Rains' troops at Dug Springs, which is in an oblong valley, five miles in length and broken by projecting spurs of the hills, which form wooded ridges. AIthough the enemy was first seen about eleven o'clock in the forenoon, at a house by the roadside with a wagon partly laden with cooked provisions from which they were driven away by a shell from one of Captain Totten's guns, it was not until five o'clock in the afternoon that general fighting began. At that time a battalion of regular infantry under Capt. Frederick Steele, a company of United States Dragoons under Capt. D. S. Stanley, and two six-pounder's of Captain Totten's battery had a skirmish with Rains' men, driving the latter away, with the loss of one killed and a half dozen wounded, and capturing ten prisoners. Lieutenant Northcut is said to have been mortally wounded. The Federal loss was four killed outright, one mortally wounded, and about thirty slightly wounds. Three of the Union killed were Corporal Klein and Private Devlin and Givens. H. D. Fulbright, a native of Greene county, where he had resided most of his life, was sun struck during the engagement and died. Another Greene county man, W. J. Frazier, of Captain Campbell's company was slightly wounded. Although Captain Campbell was at that time absent on a scout, the larger portion of his company participated in the skirmish. Rains' troops were pursued by the Federals the following morning as far as Curran, twenty-six miles from Springfield and almost on the county line of Stone and Barry counties. During the day a scouting party of Southerners, which had come from Marionville, was met, but they fled when Totten's artillery opened fire on them. [253-254]
GENERAL LYON RETREATS.
Upon reaching Curran, General Lyon decided to return to Springfield, having found the forces of the enemy to be so overwhelming compared to his own, and await the reinforcements which he still had some hopes of being sent from St. Louis, deciding that he could not afford to risk a decisive battle under the circumstances, for the possession of southwest Missouri, which seemed to mean so much at that time. His scouts had reported that a large force of State Guards was marching from the direction of Sarcoxie to join Price. Accordingly after a council of war with his officers, Sweeney, Sigel, Majors Sturgis, Sheppard, Schofield and Conant, and the artillery captains, Totten and Schaeffer, General Lyon concluded that it was best to counter-march his army and soon was on the road to Springfield, coming this time directly to the town, where he arrived August 5th. 'The main body of the army camped about the town. Nearly two thousand of the volunteers and regulars under Lieutenant-colonel Andrews, of the First Missouri, and Major Sturgis were stationed about four miles from town, where they remained until August 7th, when they were withdrawn to the line of defense around the town. A guard was at once placed on all the roads and avenues of approach to Springfield. No one was allowed to pass out of the town except physicians, although everybody was admitted. No camp was ever better guarded and all knowledge of what was going on within the Union lines was prevented reaching the enemy.
According to Col. Thomas L. Snead, General Price's assistant adjutant in 1861, he and General Price rode over to General McCulloch's camp at McCulloch's farm, on Sunday morning, August 4th, and in the presence of Snead and Col. James McIntosh, who was McCulloch's adjutant general, General Price urged McCulloch to co-operate with him in an attack on Lyon who was supposed to be in the immediate front, the Confederates having not at the time been apprised of the fact that he had retreated. It seems that McCulloch was a man of considerable obstinacy, overestimating his own ability as a commander, and had no faith whatever in the generalship of Price, in fact,, had a general contempt for the Missouri officers in general. Price was a major-general of Missouri militia, McCulloch only a Confederate brigadier. Price was somewhat boisterous in manner, had a loud voice and a positive address, and always spoke to McCulloch as if he regarded the latter to be his inferior. At this conference the following parley took place: "Do you mean to march on and attack Lyon, General McCulloch?" Price inquired. "I have not received orders yet to do so, sir," answered McCulloch, adding, "My instructions leave me in doubt whether I will be justified in doing so." "Now, sir," said Price, still in his loud, imperious tone, "I have commanded in more battles than you ever saw, General McCulloch. I have three times as many troops as you. I am of higher rank than you are, and I am twenty years your senior in age and general experience. I waive all these considerations, General McCulloch, and if you will march upon the enemy I will obey your orders and give you the whole command and all the glory to be won there." McCulloch then said that he was expecting a dispatch from President Jefferson Davis and would take General Price at his word if it should be favorable, and if after consideration with General Pearce the latter should agree also to co-operate, the latter having an independent command of Arkansas state troops. General Price immediately called his general officers together and told them what he had done. They were at first violently opposed to his action, but finally they gave their unwilling consent to what they considered an unnecessary self-abasement. In the afternoon McCulloch and McIntosh came to Price's headquarters and McCulloch announced that he had received, in the meantime, dispatches from Richmond that gave him greater freedom of action, and also that he would receive that night Greer's Texas regiment, comprising one thousand men as reinforcements, and that he would, therefore, accede to General Price's proposition and assume command of the combined armies and march against Lyon. Accordingly General Price directed Col. Snead to write the necessary orders and had them published to the Missouri State Guard. Word had come that the Federals were retreating and the orders were to move forward that very night. Later it was discovered that General Lyon had escaped with his army. [255-256]
CONFEDERATES ENTER GREENE COUNTY.
The three divisions of the Confederate army were now united, General Rains having fallen back on the main force after his rout at Dug Springs,McCulloch and Price being at that time five miles away, camped on Crane creek in the northern part of Stone county, and he reported to them that he had been assailed by a force much greater than the combined Southern armies. It seemed that he had been thoroughly frightened. His report was given greater weight than it should have been by his superior officer, General McCulloch advised a retreat, but General Price counseled a forward movement, his officers and men agreeing with him and asking to be led into combat, but as McCulloch was not willing to advance, General Price asked him for the loan of some arms for a portion of his command which was without adequate arms, that the Missourians might advance alone. McCulloch refused and the confusion and embarrassing disagreement continued until Sunday evening, August 4th, when McCulloch received orders from the Confederate capital to advance on General Lyon. This order greatly pleased General Price. A council was at once held at which McCulloch agreed to march on Springfield provided he was granted the chief command of the consolidated army. Price was anxious to give battle to the Federals and defeat and drive them from this section of the state before General Fremont could send reinforcements from St. Louis, so he consented to the terms of the imperious Texan, although Price was by all right and justice in supreme command of all the Confederate forces in Missouri. And he said, "I am not fighting for distinction, but for the liberation of my country, and I am willing to surrender not only my command but my life, if necessary, as a sacrifice to the cause." So about midnight the Southerners broke camp and began their march on the Fayetteville road toward Springfield August 4. Their progress was slow and cautious until August 6th, when the crossing at Wilson's creek was reached, near the Christian county line, ten miles southwest of Springfield. [256-257]
Chapter 11
Military History
Approved by Judge J. J. Gideon and Capt. George M. Jones
Part 3
Federal Account of the Battle of Wilson's Creek
Upon the return of General Lyon to Springfield from Dug Springs, he scattered his forces along the various roads leading into the city at a distance of from three to five miles. Twenty-five hundred of his force, under Major Sturgis were stationed on the Fayetteville road, five miles out. All avenues of approach were well guarded and every precaution taken against surprise and attack. General Lyon's private room and personal headquarters were in a house on North Jefferson street, not far from the public square. The building was at that time the property of Mrs. Boren and later owned by Mrs. Timmons. His general headquarters were on the north side of College street, a little west of Main, in a house then owned by John S. Phelps, but which had been recently occupied by Major Dorn. In this same house his body lay after it was borne from the ill-fated field of Wilson's Creek. The house was burned by Curtis' Federals in February, 1862, and the lot remained vacant thereafter for a quarter of a century or more.
General Lyon had no sooner returned to Springfield from his brief expedition in the Dug Springs country, than he sent a courier again to General Fremont in St. Louis importuning him for reinforcements. About the time John S. Phelps was returning to Washington, D. C., for the purpose of attending the special session of Congress, which President Lincoln had called and on his way Mr. Phelps stopped in St. Louis and urged Fremont to send aid to Lyon at once, pointing out to him every detail of the grave situation in the southwestern part of the state. Not only men but supplies, both of which were in the Mound City in abundance, were needed. Following is copy of the note written by General Lyon to General Fremont, under date of July 27, 1861, which Mr. Phelps delivered:
"Memorandum for Col. Phelps.—See Fremont about troops and stores for this place. Our men have not been paid and are rather dispirited; they are badly off for clothing and the want of shoes unfits them for marching. Some staff officers are badly needed, and the interests of the government suffer badly for the want of them. The time of the three months' volunteers is nearly out, and on their returning home my command will be reduced too low for effective operations. Troops must at once be forwarded to supply their place. The safety of the state is hazarded. Orders from Gen. Scott strip the entire West of regular forces and increase the chances of sacrificing it. The public press is full of reports that troops from other states are moving toward the northern border of Arkansas for the purpose of invading Missouri."
General Fremont ignored all these entreaties, saying that he did believe General Lyon was in anything like desperate straits; that McCulloch and Price could have nothing but an inconsiderable force since the country in Southwestern Missouri was too poor to support a force of any formidable strength; that: in his opinion, Lyon could take care of himself; and finally, that he had no troops to spare him anyway, as he had received information through Gov. O. P. Morton, of Indiana, that a large Confederate force a flotilla of gunboats, under command of General Pillow, were coming up th Mississippi river to attack Cairo, Bird's Point, and if successful in their destruction would come on and destroy St. Louis and that he had need of every available man to guard those threatened points. But General Lyon was a man not given to leaving any gaps down and knowing the situation perfectly, he consulted not only with his officers but, with the leading Union men of Springfield and gained information on every phase of the situation and his efficient scouts brought him all details of conditions within the enemy's lines. He was impatient to give battle to the armies of McCulloch and Price in his front, but his caution made him desire additional troops for this purpose to enable him to have a reasonable chance of success. Nearly every day he sent messages for assistance and he visited his outposts every day. Sometimes he would lose his temper and violently indulge in profanity. Two prominent Union men were with him one day when he received a message from Fremont stating that no more troops could or would be sent for the present, whereat General Lyon roundly cursed his superior officer and declared that Fremont was a worse enemy to him and the Union cause than Price, McCulloch and the whole tribe of rebels in this part of state. [258]
"GRIM VISAGED WAR."
The people of Greene county had been told of the horrors of civil war by Benton, Phelps, Orr, Rollins, Richardson, Boyd and Hendricks, but could not fully grasp its significance. Finally they were brought to a full realization. A marked change had taken place. The peaceful citizens and neighbors of yesterday were at last arrayed against each other, with arms in their hands. Military camps dotted the quiet fields, dwelling houses were turned into hospitals, plow horses were drawing cannon carriages, wagons of ammunition or bearing cavalrymen on their backs. Bands of badly disciplined volunteers in both armies were overrunning the country, committing all kinds of depredations, plundering granaries, smoke-houses, killing live stock, devastating gardens, terrifying the inhabitants and appropriating whatever property they desired. And everybody realized that a great and bloody battle was soon to be fought on Greene county soil. The conduct of those earnest but misguided men who would do nothing to prevent civil war but, everything to precipitate it, was bearing bitter fruits, and the end no one could see.
Major Sturgis' force of two thousand and five hundred men, comprising about one-third of Lyon's army, which he had stationed on the Fayetteville road, a few miles out of Springfield, on August 5, was ordered to be ready to move at a moment's notice and late the following afternoon they were in the ranks, everything in readiness to march and attack the advancing enemy. Soon thereafter General Lyon received a number of messages to the effect that Captain Stockton, of the First Kansas, and two companies of Home Guards had clashed with Price's cavalry on the prairie west of town. The two companies were ordered to the relief of Captain Stockton. Eight companies of the First Kansas Infantry, a part of the Second Kansas and Major Osterhaus' battalion of the Second Missouri were ordered to a certain point in town to await the arrival of General Lyon, who was too deeply engrossed to leave his headquarters until midnight and he proceeded to Camp Hunter, having already ordered Major Sturgis to drive in the enemy's pickets, if within two miles of his own. A company of cavalry under Captain Fred Steele, who afterwards became major-general in charge of Federal troops in Arkansas, was dispatched on this errand shortly after midnight and General Lyon with the troops above mentioned arrived at three o'clock in the morning. Until now he had failed to consult his watch and found the time to be two hours later than he had supposed. He at once called his principal officers together and advised them of his embarrassing position and taking their advice, withdrew the entire force to Springfield. It had been his intention, after his retreat from Dug Springs to suddenly turn upon reaching Springfield and march back and face the Confederates, who, he felt sure, would follow him up. It was his plan to fall upon them when they least expected it, believing his chances to defeat them would be fairly good. On arriving at Springfield, there was evidence that the enemy was approaching from the west and this caused him to wait a few hours. He obtained information on the night of the 6th that Price and McCulloch were only seven miles away from Sturgis' camp, and he advised to attack them at daylight. Upon his return to town, General Lyon remarked to Major Schofield, of Colonel Blair's regiment, the First Missouri, that he had a premonition that a night attack would prove disastrous and yet he had felt impelled to try it once and perhaps should do so again, "for my only hope of success is in a surprise," he added. It was daylight before the Federals reached Springfield. An ambush was formed in the timber southwest of town in case of pursuit. All during Wednesday continued alarms were afloat in Springfield, many of the citizens being panic stricken, some packing up their household belongings and preparing to flee to places of supposed safety. The troops were under arms in every quarter, and several times it was reported that fighting had actually commenced. However toward night the panic in a measure subsided, but many of the people who had remained did not retire and make any attempt to sleep. Col. Marcus Boyd, commanding Phelps' regiment of Home Guards, kept his men in readiness all night. A council of war was held by the leading Union officers at Lyon's headquarters which lasted until midnight. One of the principal matters discussed was the evacuation of Springfield and the abandonment of southwest Missouri to the Confederates. Looking at the situation from a military point of view, there was no doubt of the propriety and even the necessity of such a step, and General Lyon and the majority of his officers counseled such a movement. Some favored a retreat to Ft. Scott, Kansas, while others advocated going to Rolla, a point easier reached, notwithstanding the rugged country intervening. However, General Sweeney was strongly opposed to a retreat without a fight. With his naturally florid face flushed to a livid red and excitedly waving his one arm, he vehemently protested, pointing out the disastrous results which must ensue from a retreat without a battle; how the rebels would boast of an easy conquest, how they would harass, terrorize and persecute the unprotected Unionists if given undisputed possession of the country, how the Union sympathizers themselves would become discouraged, and declared himself of holding on to the last minute, and of giving battle to Price and McCulloch as soon as they would offer it. "Let us eat the last bit of mule flesh and fire the last cartridge before we think of retreating," he said. Some of the other officers, including General Lyon, finally shared the views of General Sweeney and it was decided to remain, save the reputation of the little army, hope against hope for re-inforcements, and not evacuate Springfield and Greene county until compelled to. The following day when Colonel Sigel's brigade quartermaster, Maj. Alexis Mudd, inquired of General Lyon when the army would leave Springfield, the latter replied: "Not until we are whipped out."
[259-260]
A false-alarm on Thursday morning had it that the Confederates were actually advancing on Springfield and Lyon quickly drew up his troops in line of battle, the baggage wagons were all sent to the center of the town and in this position they remained during nearly the entire day. Price and McCulloch had advanced, but only about two miles and gone into camp in the southern part of the county, just this side the Christian county line, their tents being on either side of Wilson's creek, in sections 25 and 26, township 28,range 23. The camp extended a mile or two east and south of the Fayetteville road. That evening the Federals were ready for marching orders, but a portion of the Kansas troops had been on duty all night of Wednesday and were unfit for service, so the night attack was again deferred, all the troops, except those on guard being ordered to retire to rest. The Home Guards were on duty at this time in the city. To scores of Lyon's army this proved to be the last night's sleep they were to take on earth, and soon all was quiet, only the sound of the pickets' challenges, as they hailed the chief guard or arrested the steps of some belated wanderer. Side by side slept the sturdy farmer boys from Greene and adjoining counties, the men who had left peaceful homes in Kansas and Iowa, and Germans from St. Louis. And only a few miles away were they who had come from their homes in the Ozarks, from the rolling plains of Texas, the mountains of Arkansas and the savannahs of Louisiana, under a new banner, to do battle for the cause they believed was right, to drive out those they considered invaders of their country and the despoilers of their homes.
The profound quiet that prevailed in Springfield on Friday 9th was only the calm that preceded the storm. The alarmists had practically all slunk away, enlistment in the Union army continued rapidly and a feeling of security prevailed among the residents. During the afternoon Captain Wood's company of Kansas cavalry and Captain Stanley's company of regulars had a skirmish with a scouting party of Price's cavalry on the prairie about five miles west of town, defeating them, wounding two and capturing six or eight prisoners. From the latter it was learned that the Confederates were badly provisioned and that it was necessary for them to forage extensively in the surrounding country. About noon General Lyon received another message from Gen. John C. Fremont from St. Louis informing the former that his situation was not considered critical, that he had doubtless overestimated the force in his front, that he ought not to fall back without good cause and again assured him that no re-inforcements would be sent, but that he must report his future movements as promptly as possible and do the best he could. Lyon was an able general and he knew the situation perfectly. He had to face a force three times larger than his own and much more efficient, in a country especially adapted to the use of the movements of cavalry, with the terms of enlistment of half of his best men expired and with but a few thousand of experienced troops under his command at the best—there was little hope for him. But he was a man of courage, honor forbade him to retreat; if he fought a defensive battle there was danger of utter annihilation, and if he attacked he invited defeat and destruction. He did not know why Fremont refused, him aid, for he knew that there were thousands of soldiers at St. Louis, Ironton and other places to aid him, and who were apparently not needed for other purposes. But he quietly accepted the situation, like the brave, trained soldier that he was, and set about obeying the orders of his superior officer. With Fremont's message before him on the little table in his headquarters he penned the following reply with his own hand, the last letter he ever wrote:
Springfield, Mo., Aug. 9, 1861. General—I have just received your note of the 6th inst., by special messenger. I retired to this place, as I have before informed you, reaching here on the 5th . The enemy followed to within ten miles of here. He has taken strong position and is recruiting his supplies of horses, mules and provisions by forages into the surrounding country. His large force of mounted men enables him to do this without much annoyance from me.
I find my position extremely embarrassing, and am at present unable to determine whether I shall be able to maintain my ground or be forced to retire. I shall hold my ground as long as possible, though I may without knowing how far, endanger the safety of my entire force with its valuable material, being induced, by the important considerations involved, to take this step. The enemy yesterday made a show of force about five miles distant and has doubtless a full purpose of making an attack on me. Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
N. Lyon, Brig.-Gen. Vols,, Commanding.
To Major-Gen. T. C. Fremont, Commanding Western Department, St. Louis, Mo.
It will be observed that he made no word of complaint and no murmur, but with the expressed knowledge that he was to be attacked, and with. a premonition of being defeated, he courageously announced his determination to hold his ground as "long as possible." [261-262]
MOVEMENTS OF THE CONFEDERATES.
After spending a night at Moody's Spring, Generals Price and McCulloch moved their troops forward on Tuesday to the site on Wilson's creek, on the line between Greene and Christian counties, going into camp there on the 6th. They at once sent out scouting parties, principally for the purpose of discovering the Federal position, but with little success, while foraging parties scoured the country in every direction and also failed to obtain any information of value. The combined-forces were at once put in position to advance on Springfield, and only waited the decision of General McCulloch to begin the move, Price being impatient for a forward march. The former was irresolute and undecided for several days. From the information he possessed as to the strength and character of Lyon's forces and his knowledge of his own, he was fearful of the result of an engagement at that time. As before stated he had but little confidence in Price and his Missourians, these being somewhat undisciplined and inexperienced and at one time he characterized them as "Splendid roasting-ear foragers, but poor soldiers." He at one time decided to retreat to Arkansas; but General Price, who knew that Lyon's force was inferior, and that the Southerners had little to risk in offering battle, urged an attack at once for he believed that Lyon would in all probability be reinforced and it were best to attack him before he could be joined by additional regiments. Lyon's force was called by Price's men "the Yankee Dutch," and he believed the pluck of his men in fighting a detested foe on Missouri soil would more than make up for the fact that his soldiers were none too well armed and equipped and for their lack of discipline and experience. In his report to the Confederate secretary of war, General McCulloch said:
"I asked of the Missourians, owing to their knowledge of the country, some reliable information of the strength and position of the enemy. This they repeatedly promised, but totally failed to furnish, though to urge them to it I then and at subsequent periods declared I would order the whole army back to Cassville rather than bring on an engagement with an unknown enemy. It had no effect, as we remained four days within ten miles of Springfield and never learned whether the streets were barricaded, or if any kind of works of defense had been erected by the enemy. He even slung a rifle over his shoulder and mounting his horse, reconnoitered in person, but all to no purpose. He could not even ascertain whether the Federals had thrown up breastworks in front of their position. According to Gen. N. B. Pearce, the first information concerning General Lyon's condition was given by two women who secured a pass through Lyon's lines and came to Pond Spring, where they told the Southern leaders the desired information. At last General Price lost all patience and at sunrise on Friday, August 9th , sent Colonel Snead over to McCulloch to say to him that if he did not give orders for an immediate advance that he (Price) would resume command of the Missouri State Guard and advance alone, be the consequences what they might. This led to a conference of the general officers at Price's headquarters that afternoon, which resulted in an order for an advance on Springfield that very night, the movement to begin at nine o'clock. [263]
GENERAL LYON MARCHES OUT TO GIVE BATTLE.
General Lyon after being finally assured by Fremont that no troops would be sent him, determined to attack the Confederates, surprising them while in camp on Wilson's creek and trust to the fierce fighting of his troops together with the confusion a surprise would cause in the enemy's ranks to gain the day for him. He knew that his situation would not improve with time, and also being informed of the intended attack upon him, within four hours after it had been decided upon, receiving his information from one of his spies who was actually a commissioned officer in the Missouri State Guards. He did not like the idea of fighting a defensive battle at Springfield, with a town full of women and children behind him and an open country in front, well adapted to the movements of cavalry of which he had but a handful and of which his enemy's force largely consisted. Accordingly late on Friday afternoon, the 9th , word was sent to the subordinate commanders that after nightfall another movement against the Confederates would be made. Generals Lyon and Sweeney, Colonel Sigel and Major Sturgis soon agreed upon a plan of attack. The army was to be divided into two columns. The first column, under Lyon, was to consist of three small brigades; the second, under Sigel, was to consist of one small brigade composed of two regiments, two companies of cavalry and six pieces of artillery. The First Brigade of Lyon's column was composed of three companies of the First United States Regular Infantry, as follows: Company B—Captain Gilbert; Company C—Captain Plummer; Company D—Captain Huston; a company of regular rifle recruits under Lieutenant Wood, the four companies being commanded by Captain Plummer of Company C. Then there were two companies of the Second Missouri Volunteers under Maj. P. J. Osterhaus; Captain Wood's mounted company of the Second Kansas Volunteers; Company B—First United States Regular Cavalry, under Lieutenant Canfield, and a light battery of six pieces, commanded by Capt. James Totten. The First Brigade was commanded by Major Sturgis. The Second Brigade was commanded by Lieut.-Col. George L. Andrews, of Blair's regiment of the First Missouri Volunteers and was composed of the First Missouri Infantry Companies B and E—Second United States Regular Infantry, under Capt. Fred Steele; one company of regular recruits under Lieutenant Lothrop; one company or squad of mounted troops under Sergeant Moraine and Lieutenant Dubois' light battery of four pieces, one a twelve-pounder. The Third Brigade was commanded by General Sweeney and was composed of the First Iowa Volunteers under Lieutenant-colonel Merritt, the colonel, J. F. Bates, being sick in Springfield; the First Kansas, under Col. George W. Deitzler; the Second Kansas, under Colonel Mitchell, and about two hundred mounted Dade county Home Guards, under Capt. Clark Wright and Capt. T. A. Switzler. Colonel Sigel's command consisted of eight companies of the Third Missouri Volunteers (his own regiment), which during the battle was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Albert; nine companies of the Fifth Missouri, under Colonel Salomon; one company, First Regular Cavalry, under Captain Carr; one company, C, of the Second United States Dragoons, under Lieutenant Farrand, and six pieces of light artillery, manned by details from the infantry recruits under Lieutenants Schaeffer and Schuetzenbach. [264-265]
THE LINE OF MARCH.
General Lyon set his troops in motion about six o'clock Friday evening, the 9th , the column moving westward on the Mt. Vernon road, Captain Gilbert's company of regular infantry in the van. Night came on but the column did not halt. There was a great deal of noise made on this march, though it was expected to be a silent one and the enemy was to be surprised. The Kansas and Iowa troops were especially hilarious, singing camp songs and giving vent to boisterous laughter all the way. Lyon, however, succeeded in somewhat quieting his army toward midnight. The army continued westward about five miles, then turned south near Little York, and the next six miles over rough roads was somewhat difficult, but Federals came in due course of time within striking distance of Price's command, the center of whose camp was about six miles west and seven miles south of the public square of Springfield. Among Lyon's guides were Pleasant Hart and Parker Cox. The advance first discovered the camp-fires of the enemy about one o'clock in the morning. The marching troops were halted and the ground reconnoitered as well as possible in the darkness; when daybreak came Lyon again moved forward and formed in line of battle, moving a little southeast so as to strike the extreme northern point of the enemy's camp.
It was after six o'clock the previous evening when Colonel Sigel broke camp just south of Springfield and took the old "wire trail," the road leading toward Cassville and Fayetteville, along which the telegraph wire ran. About four miles west of town the command left the road which led directly through McCulloch's camp, and bore south, and then along a road parallel with the Cassville road, and in the same general direction until below the Christian county line. Colonel Sigel's guides were John Steele, Andrew Adams, C.B. Owen, Sam Carthal, and L. A. D. Crenshaw. Sigel's column marched about fifteen miles, passing entirely around the extreme southeastern camp of the enemy, and arriving at daylight within a mile of the main camp. Taking forward the two cavalry companies of Carr and Farrand, Colonel Sigel contrived to cut off about forty men of McCulloch's army, who had gone out early for forage and were engaged in digging potatoes, picking roasting-ears, gathering tomatoes and procuring other supplies for their individual commissary departments. The prisoners were taken quietly and no news of the Federal advance from this quarter reached the camp of Southerners. Still observing the utmost caution, Sigel planted four pieces of artillery on a hill, in plain view of the enemy's tents, which spread out to his front and right. The two companies of infantry advanced so as to command the Fayetteville road at the point where it crosses Wilson's creek, while the two companies of cavalry guarded the flanks. In this position the command rested, awaiting the sound of Lyons' guns as a signal to open a general engagement. The prisoners were left in charge of Captain Flagg, who commanded Company K, of the Fifth Missouri Infantry. It had been agreed by the Federals that Sigel should block the Fayetteville road, preventing the Confederates from retreating by that highway. Later officers of both armies claimed that Sigel carried out his part of the plan too well, that if an avenue of retreat had been left open the results of the battle might have been different. Lyon had left in Springfield the Home Guards of Green and Christian counties, with instructions that the Fayetteville road should be watched below where Sigel turned off, and send word to him immediately if any troops of the enemy should be seen approaching from that quarter, as he believed the enemy planned a night attack upon him. The citizens of Springfield were fully ready for a retreat, wagons were loaded, the funds of the bank were secured for transfer and were being guarded by the reserve troops. [266]
THE BATTLE IN DETAIL.
In view of the fact that the battle of Wilson's Creek was the second greatest battle during the first year of the Civil war, was the greatest event in all the history of Greene county, that such a large number of citizens of this locality participated in the engagement that it was of such momentous importance and is still a frequent topic of conversation with our people, it is deemed advisable to here give an account of the battle in detail, every effort having been made to secure accuracy. The most reliable Federal accounts, are those which were furnished by Major Sturgis, who assumed command of Lyon's column after the battle; Maj. J. M. Schofield, then of the First Missouri; Lieutenant-Colonel Blair and Major Cloud, of the Second Kansas; Lieutenant-Colonel Merritt, of the First Iowa; Captain Totten and Lieutenant Dubois, of the artillery, and Captain Steele, of the regulars, Captain Wright, of the Home Guards, all of Lyon's column; and General Sigel, Dr. S. H. Melcher, the guides, and Captain Carr, of Sigel's column. The most reliable Confederate accounts are the official reports of Generals Price, McCulloch, Pearce, Clark, Rains, McBride and Parsons; reports of Col. John R. Graves, of Rains' division, and Col. John T. Hughes, of Slack's division; Col. Thomas J. Snead, assistant adjutant general of Price, and Lieut. W. P. Barlow, of Guibor's battery; Col. T. J. Churchill, First Arkansas Mounted Riflemen; Col. James McIntosh and Lieut.-Col. B. T. Embry, Second Arkansas Mounted Riflemen; Lieut.-Col. D. McRae, of Rae's Battalion, Arkansas Volunteers; Col. Lewis Herbert, Lieut.-Col. S. M. Hyams and Maj. W. F. Tunnard, Third Louisiana Volunteers; Col. E. Greer, South Kansas-Texas Regiment Cavalry; Capt. J. G. Reid, of Reid's Arkansas Battery; Col. John R. Gratiot, Third Arkansas Infantry; Col. De Rosey Carroll, First Arkansas Cavalry; Col. J. D. Walker, Fourth Arkansas Infantry; and Col. T. P. Dockery, Fifth Arkansas Infantry. There have been a great many sensational, improbable and overdrawn accounts of this memorable contest, but these have been discarded as of no value to the historian, who aims at telling the uncolored and unbiased truth.
General Lyon formed, his battle line at daylight, Saturday August 10th, the infantry in front, closely followed by Totten's battery, which was supported by a reserve. In this order the line advanced a few hundred yards, but found no outposts, the Southern pickets having been called in. Firing was begun immediately on the advance of Rains' division. The Confederate camp extended in a general direction from north to south along Wilson's creek, and Lyon attacked the extreme southern end from the west and northwest, while Sigel was stationed at the southern end, over a mile away. When Rains' troops were encountered the Federal column halted, and Captain Plummer's battalion of regulars, with the Dade County Home Guards on his left, was sent to the rear across the creek, and ordered to move toward the front, keeping pace with the Federal advance on the left. The main line then swept forward, and after crossing a ravine and ascending a high ridge, a full view of Rains' skirmish line was obtained. Major Osterhaus' two companies of the Second Missouri, and two companies of the First Missouri, under Captains Yates and John S. Cavender, were deployed to the left, all as skirmishers. A severe fire was soon going on between the two skirmish lines, and Totten's battery, which had just taken a good position on the ridge, soon made the hills and ravines roar in the stillness of the early morning with shrieking bombs and bursting shells, causing much excitement in Confederate camp, where preparations were being made for breakfast, none dreaming that they were to be thrown into battle before sunrise. Supported by Totten's battery, the First Missouri, under Colonel Andrews, and the First Kansas, under Colonel Dietzler, hurried to the front, the Second Kansas, under Colonel Mitchell, Steele's Battalion, and Dubois' Battery being held in reserve; The First Missouri took its position in front, upon the crest of a low plateau, the Second Kansas taking position just to the left, while Totten's battery was placed opposite the interval between the two regiments. Osterhaus' two companies occupied the extreme right, with their resting on a ravine, which turned abruptly to the right and rear. Dubois' battery, supported by Steele's battalion, was placed seventy-five yards to the left and rear of Totten's guns, so as to bear upon a well-served Confederate battery, probably Captain Woodruffs Pulaski Artillery of Arkansas, which had come into position to the left and front on the opposite side of the creek, and was sweeping with canister the entire plateau upon which the Federals had taken position. The Missourians were rallying in considerable, force under cover at the foot of the slope and along it in front and opposite the Federal right, toward the crest of the main ridge running parallel to the creek. Plummer's battalion had advanced along the ridge about five hundred yards to the left of the main Federal position, and reached the terminus of this ridge, when he found his further progress rested by a force of McCulloch's infantry, which was occupying Ray's cornfield in the valley. At this time a cannon boomed a mile to the south, where Sigel was supposed to be posted. This fire was apparently answered from the opposite side of the valley at a still greater distance, the fire of the two batteries being apparently east and west, and nearly perpendicular to Totten's and Dubois' batteries. But after about a dozen shots this firing ceased and nothing more was heard of Sigel until about eight-thirty o'clock, when a brisk cannonading opened again for a few moments, about a mile to the right of that heard at first, and still farther to the rear. Early in the engagement the First Iowa had been brought up from the reserve to the front and immediately became fiercely engaged, doing good fighting and winning General Lyon's praise. During the march he had said that he did not believe these men would prove very valuable in a battle owing to their apparent dislike of discipline. By this time the entire Federal line was well advanced and putting up a spirited fight, with every prospect of success, after thirty minutes of energetic fighting, the roar now being continuous, and was plainly heard in Springfield, in fact, over adjoining counties. Captain Totten's battery came into action by section and by piece, as the nature of the ground would admit, it being wooded with thick black-jack, undergrowth, and played vigorously upon the Confederate lines with telling effect. The high tide of the battle was now reached, and no more desperate fighting was seen during the entire war between the states. The major portion of these troops were inexperienced in warfare, but they were Westerners, brave, daring, loyal; for more than thirty minutes the rugged ridge before mentioned, later known as "Bloody Hill," was the storm center. It was covered with dead, the trees were wrecked with cannon balls and rifle bullets mowed down the underbrush. The bills shook with the thunder of opposing artillery, the gray-blue smoke drifted up from the ravine on the close, sultry air toward the clouds that partly obscured the sky. It was a battle. The First Kansas gave way and went to the rear; the First Iowa promptly took its place, and the fighting continued. The lines of both armies surged alternately forward and backward over the ridge. At last the Federals were left in possession of the ground for a short time, the Southerners withdrawing to re-form. Then contest was on again as before, each side gaining a few yards to later lose them. All the while the fight raged with considerable loss in Ray's cornfield, where McIntosh's regiment of Arkansas riflemen and Herbert's Third Louisiana regiment met and drove back Plummer's battalion on the Federal left. The Arkansas and Louisiana troops both belonged to McCulloch's army. No doubt they would have annihilated Plummer's men had not Dubois' battery opened on them, the continuous stream of shells making the cornfield untenable for any troops, and the two Southern regiments retreated with some disorder. The battery was supported by Steele's battalion. Plummer was severely wounded.
[268-269]
The advantage so far was with the Federals, and as in most all battles, there was a cessation in the firing for a moment, and it was apparent to the Union officers that a portion of the enemy desired to retreat, but it was soon discovered that the camp of the Confederates had been completely surrounded, at least they could not retreat, the Fayetteville road, which Sigel blocked, being their only outlet, as there was no road to the east or the west. There was nothing to do but surrender or continue the battle. Along the right of the Federal line the First Missouri was still desperately assaulting McBride's division of Missourians and was about to be overpowered, when Lyon hurried the Second Kansas to its relief and saved it. The Federal line was reformed during the temporary lull in the firing, under Lyon's personal direction. Steele's battalion, which had been supporting Dubois' battery, was brought forward to Totten's support, and preparations were made to withstand another attack, which, as could be learned by the shouts of the Southern officers, so close as to be plainly heard, was being organized. And Lyon had scarcely disposed his troops to receive the attack when the Confederates again appeared with a very large force along his entire front and advanced toward his center and both flanks. Firing was at once begun and for several minutes was inconceivably fierce along the entire line. In some places the enemy was in three ranks, the first lying down, the second on their knees and the third standing, and all the lines and every man loading and firing as rapidly as possible. Every available Federal battalion was now brought into action, and for an hour the battle raged with unabated fury, neither side gaining advantage, each side gaining ground now and then only to lose it soon afterwards. The dead lay in windrows, and the ravine ran with blood; the hillsides were plowed up with shells and riderless horses galloped through the woods. The firing was so rapid that gun barrels became too hot to touch them. Officers were killed but the men held their places in the ranks and fought on without orders, their comrades and erstwhile neighbors falling on either side of them. Despite the intense heat of an August morning, the gnawing hunger from many hours without food, and the pangs of thirst, the suffocating dust and pungent odor of gunpowder and sickening sight of blood, they stood their ground with grim determination, many of them, until they died. The fire of the Southerners never slackened, their lines being, constantly increased by reinforcements. When a man fell another stepped promptly in to fill up the gap in the line. The Federal ammunition was giving out. They could not stand in line as targets for the enemy and not fire back, so detachments began to give way. Observing this, Generals Lyon and Sweeney promptly brought them back. Their places were at the front. [269-270]
GENERAL LYON IS KILLED.
General Lyon had been the spirit of the battle from the first. He did not establish headquarters away in the rear, out of danger, as many commanding officers have done—he was at the very front all the while, encouraging his men, setting them examples of bravery, daring, coolness, edurance. Soon after the engagement began he was walking and leading famous white horse along the line on the left of Totten's battery, when he was wounded in both the head and the leg, and his trusted horse was killed. Captain Herron, who subsequently became a major-general and commanded this department, was at that time with the First Iowa Infantry, states that he saw the horse fall, and that the animal sank down as if struck in a vital place, neither rearing nor plunging. Lyon then walked on, waving his sword and shouting his orders, but was limping from his wounded leg. He carried his drab felt hat in his hand, and looked white and dazed. Suddenly blood appeared on the side of his head and began zigzagging down his cheek. He stood still a moment, then turned and walked slowly to the rear. He was wearing his old uniform that of captain in the regular army. When he reached a position a little in the rear he sat down; an officer bound a handkerchief about his wounded head. He remarked despondingly to Major Schofield, of Blair's regiment, one of his staff: "It is as I expected; I am afraid the day is lost." The major replied: "O, no, General; let us try once more." Major Sturgis then dismounted one of his own orderlies and offered the horse to General Lyon, who at first declined the animal, saying: "I do not need a horse." He then arose and ordered Sturgis to rally a portion of the First Iowa Infantry which had broken. In executing this order Sturgis went to some distance from his general. The First Iowa was being ordered forward by a staff officer, when some of the men called out: "We have no leader," "Give us a leader then," and other similar remarks were heard. Hearing the remarks of the Jayhawkers, Lyon immediately asked to be helped on the orderly's horse. As he straightened himself in the saddle the blood ran down his leg and dripped off his heel on the leaves below. General Sweeney then rode up and Lyon said to him: "Sweeney, lead those troops forward," pointing toward the First Iowa, "as we will make one more charge." Then, swinging his hat, Lyon called out to the Second Kansas regiment, "Come on, my brave boys, I will lead you; forward!" He had gone but a few yards when he was shot through the body. One of his orderlies, a private named Edward Lehman, of Company B, First United States Cavalry, caught him in his arms and lowered him to the ground, as he faintly whispered, "Lehman, I'm going," and very soon his spirit was ushered into the unknown Beyond, while the battle raged fiercely about him, the place where he fell afterwards being called "Bloody Point." A cairn of stones, a few feet high, marks the spot....
The view of the WEC race as viewed from the International Pit Straight Grandstand after the drivers have exited the cars.
Espíritu de Montjuïc / Abril 2018 /
Circuit de Barcelona - Catalunya
Classic Edurance Racing I
Proto 1
Nº 47 - CHEVRON B 16 FVC
Joseph Zago
Jacques Roucolle
She works with a 35-year old company that provides cooking tools and recipe ideas to health-minded people through food and fellowship. Here's another #wholefood #greensuperfood #smoothie #recipe from CK:
Who needs a frap from an expensive coffee place when you can create a Chocolate Pear Powerhouse smoothie?
This has to be one of my favorites so far!
1-1/2 cups cashew milk
2 scoops chocolate fudge vegan protein powder
2 tbsp organic peanut flour
1 tbsp chia seed
1 pear
1 tbsp raw cacao nibs
1 cup ice
1-1/4 tsp Pines Organic Wheatgrass Powder from @wheatgrass_people
Feeling good.
Feeling strong :-)
As always, #ckscooking :-)
Expert chefs like CK use simple ingredients and avoid complex blends. That's particularly important with chocolate. By using Pines you can see how green it is. If you buy a blend with chocolate already mixed in, the strong color of the chocolate could be covering up poor colored greens. Using single ingredients and making your own blends will always provide the most nutrition.
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