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DOXA - Amorphica
Aaron Gutierrez
Georgina Muñoz
Roberto Gutiérrez
Gabriel Alejos
Aldo Cano
Mariana Gutiérrez
Héctor Martinez
Universidad Iberoamericana - Amorphica Design Research Office
Aaron Gutiérrez
Georgina Muñoz
Roberto Gutiérrez
Photo credit: Universidad Iberoamericana
Aaron Gutierrez
Georgina Muñoz
Roberto Gutiérrez
Gabriel Alejos
Aldo Cano
Mariana Gutiérrez
Héctor Martinez
The use of RCTs has a long history in economics, but has recently greatly expanded, particularly in economic development. Like other econometric methods, RCTs are often informative, but like other econometric methods, they have problems and pitfalls that are not always fully understood. Common misunderstandings include balance, standard errors and inference, and blinding. We argue that the concepts of internal and external validity as commonly used are unhelpful. We focus on how to use the results of RCTs, arguing that simple replication is rarely useful, but rather that the results of RCTs need to be combined with other knowledge and evidence, and used as part of a serious economic analysis. Examples are provided along the way.
This workshop was held with the aim of strengthening interaction between econometricians and economists engaged in applied research from all parts of economics, including labor economics, industrial organization and public economics. More info: bfi.uchicago.edu/events/interactions-bringing-together-ec...
The Postcard
A Photochromie postcard with a divided back.
There are many postcards showing Dutch women and girls on this photostream, and they are almost invariably shown knitting.
Where boys are also present, they are usually shown wearing very baggy trousers and smoking a pipe, which would certainly not be allowed today.
The card was posted in Haarlem, Netherlands on Monday the 29th. December 1930. It was sent to:
Messrs. Bousfield Bros.,
Smithfield Market,
Birmingham,
England.
Bousfield Bros. are listed in Kelly's 1904 directory as being located at Smithfield Vegetable Market & Dean Street in Birmingham.
Bousfield Bros. used to operate a token system, issuing circular brass tokens about 3cm across with their name and the token value on them. The values of 1 shilling, 1/6d., 2, 3 and 10 shillings are actively traded today by collectors on the Internet.
The message on the back of the card was as follows:
"Dear Sirs,
With best compliments
for the coming season.
Sincerely yours,
E. H."
Marken
Marken is a village in the municipality of Waterland in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It had a population of 1,770 as of 2019, and it occupies a peninsula in the Markermeer.
Marken was formerly an island in the Zuiderzee, although it is now connected to the mainland of North Holland by a causeway. The characteristic wooden houses of Marken are a tourist attraction.
For some time during the later 19th. and early 20th. centuries, Marken and its inhabitants were the focus of considerable attention by folklorists, ethnographers and physical anthropologists, who regarded the small fishing town as a relic of the traditional native culture that was destined to disappear as modernisation of the Netherlands gained pace.
Among them were Johann Friedrich Blumenbach who examined a human skull from the island which he called Batavus Genuinus. Another was the Belgian painter Xavier Mellery who stayed in Marken at the request of Charles De Coster. Mellery was asked to create illustrative artwork and delivered several intimist works.
Cornelis Lely's designs incorporated the island into a proposed Markerwaard. A partial dike, built in 1941 in the north, is the first phase of that project which was stopped by World War II.
In 1983, the Marken Museum about the history of the island was opened.
A proposal to Abolish Pasta in Italy
So what else happened on the day that the card was posted?
Well, on the 29th. December 1930, an article by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, the Italian Futurist, was published in the Gazzetta del Popolo.
In the article he called for the abolition of pasta in favour of Futurist meals. Marinetti explained that pasta was hard to digest, and made Italians "skeptical, slow and pessimistic", in addition to requiring heavy importation to Italy.
Marinetti argued that rice, on the other hand, would create "lithe, agile peoples who will be victorious" in future wars, and that the grain was already being homegrown in vast amounts.
Marinetti's manifesto also called for the abolition of the knife and fork.
The Founding of the Econometric Society
Also on that day, the Econometric Society, an international society for the advancement of economic theory in its relation to statistics and mathematics, was founded in the U.S. by 16 professional statisticians at the Stalton Hotel in Cleveland.
This workshop was held with the aim of strengthening interaction between econometricians and economists engaged in applied research from all parts of economics, including labor economics, industrial organization and public economics. More info: bfi.uchicago.edu/events/interactions-bringing-together-ec...