View allAll Photos Tagged disarray
I've been tagged by www.flickr.com/photos/grandstrides/
Photo captured with the use of a Nikon D 90 & a tripod
Here are the list of 16 random factoids about me:
1) I write with my right hand and bat/ hold a hockey stick with my left hand.
2) I'm into astrology..none of that predict the future crap. Just good old fashioned basic traits that many people are characterized as having should they be born under a certain sign. I''m cancerian and fit my pesonality traits very well.
3) I've been called a "simple eccentric" by an ex-girlfriend.
4) I struggled with the English language and grammer when i was attending 1st through 2nd grade. This was because both my parents spoke Italian in the home. As a result of having to compensate for this, I am now an excellent speller and ranked in the upper 90th percentile when I was tested in 4th grade.
5) When I'm in the shower I will attempt to make myself sneeze because it feels good. (water in the nose)
6) I was a jock in high school. I played for the football team and the soccer team.
7) I have two tattoos.
8) I worked at Tower Records for 7 years as an undercover security guard. It got me through college.
9) I am formally trained in school psychology and can administer a battery of I.Q. tests to adults and children for educational purposes.
10) I once held a terrible job a long time ago working on a chocolate factory line. My responsibility was making sure the chocolate boxes were filled correctly as the bars came down the assembly line.
11) I'm an avid biker and own 5 bicycles, all in different states of disarray.
12) Initially, when meeting people for the first time, I have a tendency to be shy.
13) I have a strong disdain for mainstream TV.
14) I am a night owl.
15) I have the most difficult time talking about myself when conversing with others.
And lastly....
16) As a wise woman once told me; "When the smoke clears in the end, all that matters is that you have your fortitude, your family and your faith."
Drake was vice admiral in command of the English fleet (under Lord Howard of Effingham) when it overcame the Spanish Armada that was attempting to invade England in 1588. As the English fleet pursued the Armada up the English Channel in closing darkness, Drake put duty second and captured the Spanish galleon Rosario, along with Admiral Pedro de Valdés and all his crew. The Spanish ship was known to be carrying substantial funds to pay the Spanish Army in the Low Countries. Drake's ship had been leading the English pursuit of the Armada by means of a lantern. By extinguishing this for the capture, Drake put the fleet into disarray overnight. This exemplified Drake's ability as a privateer, suspending strategic purpose if a tactical profit were offered.
The most famous anecdote about Drake relates that, prior to the battle, he was playing a game of bowls on Plymouth Hoe. On being warned of the approach of the Spanish fleet, Drake is said to have remarked that there was plenty of time to finish the game and still beat the Spaniards.
At the end of May 1942, the Free French 1st brigade occupied the southern sector of the British 8th Army's deployment in the heart of Libyan desert, facing German and Italian Axis troops. This was a key point on the extreme left of the position since it could prevent any potential encirclement from the south of Allied forces retreating in disarray from the defeat and the fall of Tobruk that had opened the road to Cairo for the German tanks.
My depiction of myself. Two selfs - one messed up by sin. The other - the true original copy God created me to be. . Both sides are constantly at war with each other. My darker side sometimes winning when I seek out my own personal intrests and not what God wants. Things are much better when I do things Gods way. There is color, true meaning and life in God's way. Emptiness and mixed up disarray when its my way. Yeah, I give up what I think I want when I follow God, but when I look back - living for myself was a messed up way of living anyway.
Mercy Me - Shake: www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8k40xj5Exk (A bit corny (on purpose) video with a great message)
This photo is not for public use. You must contact the photographer for licensing information.
© Daniel Smith Photography / Daniel Smith 2014 www.DanielSmithPhotos.com
Store 960, 1649 Washington St; opened in January 1988, relocated in August 1999. Was Dollar General from 2000 to 2003 until that also relocated; since then has been several different tenants. Building has fallen into disarray. UPDATE: Was part of an older Food Fair building; the front section is pictured here: www.flickr.com/photos/62355920@N00/16283071189/
for The Endless Book
Submergence
When along the pavement,
Palpitating flames of life,
People flicker round me,
I forget my bereavement,
The gap in the great constellation,
The place where a star used to be.
Nay, though the pole-star
Is blown out like a candle,
And all the heavens are wandering in disarray,
Yet when pleiads of people are
Deployed around me, and I see
The street’s long outstretched Milky Way,
When people flicker down the pavement,
I forget my bereavement.
D.H.L.
Three and a half years past Katrina there are still lots of abandoned homes and disarray. Some folks have disappeared purposefully to evade the law or family responsibilities but many simply don’t have the means to rebuild. “Magic Symbols” can still be seen everywhere and even some well cared for homes have opted to keep their symbols intact as a good luck omen or in remembrance of what should never be forgotten. To interpret the magic symbols the number above the X indicated the date the home was examined. The left part of the X shows who documented the home, in this case California crew. The right EXT indicates exterior search only (locked tight usually indicates no one is trapped inside) and the zero below indicates no dead bodies were found. Most of the homes were bodies were found have been demolished by now.
Chronicles of Religious Persecution | Christian Movie Trailer "Who Is the Culprit?"
Since it came to power in Mainland China in 1949, the Chinese Communist Party has been unceasing in its persecution of religious faith. It has frantically arrested and murdered Christians, expelled and abused missionaries operating in China, confiscated and burned countless copies of the Bible, sealed up and demolished church buildings, and tried to eradicate all house churches. A great number of Christians in house churches have been arrested and persecuted. This documentary describes the real experience of a Chinese Christian, Zhou Haijiang who was arrested by the CCP government, tortured, and died from his mistreatment because of his belief in God and performance of duty. After Zhou Haijiang's death, his family was also monitored, threatened, and terrified by the CCP. They were not only unable to get justice for the deceased, but were thrown into disarray by the CCP's persecution. This exquisitely-shot documentary attempts to recreate what really happened at the time, and provides a profound reflection of the flagrant encroachment of the religious beliefs and human rights of Chinese Christians. It is a window to understanding the true lives of Chinese Christians and Christian families, as well as a reflection—rarely seen in recent years—of the experiences and emotions of Chinese Christians who have been persecuted as a result of their faith.
Eastern Lightning, The Church of Almighty God was created because of the appearance and work of Almighty God, the second coming of the Lord Jesus, Christ of the last days. It is made up of all those who accept Almighty God's work in the last days and are conquered and saved by His words. It was entirely founded by Almighty God personally and is led by Him as the Shepherd. It was definitely not created by a person. Christ is the truth, the way, and the life. God's sheep hear God's voice. As long as you read the words of Almighty God, you will see God has appeared.
Website: www.holyspiritspeaks.org/
YouTube: www.youtube.com/godfootstepsen
Facebook: www.facebook.com/godfootstepsen
Twitter: twitter.com/churchAlmighty
Blog: en.blog.hidden-advent.org/
Instagram: instagram.com/thechurchofalmi...
Email: info@almightygod.church
Antibes (Provençal Occitan: Antíbol in classical norm or Antibo in Mistralian norm) is a resort town in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France, on the Mediterranean Sea in the Côte d'Azur, located between Cannes and Nice. Integrated to Antibes Juan-les-Pins, the technological park of Sophia-Antipolis is located north east of the city.
Antibes is a leisure-industry town also called Antibes-Juan-les-Pins. The Juan-les-Pins part is the area that many tourists flock to as this is where the beaches and the nightlife can be found.
Due to its naturally protected port, the town of Antibes has long been an important trading centre. Many different people ruled over Antibes until France finally took control.
As the Greek Empire fell into decline, it began incorporating the small towns into its empire. In 43 BC, Antibes (or Antipolis, as it was then called) was officially annexed by Rome and remained so for the next 500 years. The Romans turned Antipolis into the biggest town in the region and a main entry point into Gaul. Roman artefacts such as aqueducts, fortified walls and amphora can still be seen today.
When the Roman Empire fell apart in 476, various barbarian tribes took their turn at Antibes. The main result was destruction and a long period of instability. In the 10th century, Antibes found a protector in Seigneur Rodoart, who built extensive fortified walls around the town and a castle in which to live. For the next 200 years, the town experienced a period of renewal.
Antibes’ prosperity was short-lived, as the whole region fell into disarray for several centuries. The inhabitants of Antibes stayed behind their strong city walls as a succession of wars and epidemics ravaged the countryside. By the end of the 15th century, the entire region had fallen under the protection and control of Louis XI, the king of France. Things returned to a state of relative stability, but the small port of Antibes fell into obscurity.
The area around Antibes finally emerged from its long slumber around the middle of the 19th century, as wealthy people from around Europe discovered the beauty of the place and built luxurious homes here.
In 1926, the old castle of Antibes was bought by the local municipality and restored for use as a museum. Pablo Picasso came to town in 1946 and was invited to stay in the castle. He stayed for six months, painting and drawing many pieces of art as well as crafting ceramics and tapestries. When he departed, he left all his works here, and the castle officially became the Picasso Museum.
Today sport is important and the town hosts the National Training Centre for basketball. On 25 May 1999, the town was the first in the department to sign the State Charter of the Environment, planning projects to conserve the environment and respect the quality of life. 25% of inhabitants are under 25 years of age.
Source Wikipedia
At the end of May 1942, the Free French 1st brigade occupied the southern sector of the British 8th Army's deployment in the heart of Libyan desert, facing German and Italian Axis troops. This was a key point on the extreme left of the position since it could prevent any potential encirclement from the south of Allied forces retreating in disarray from the defeat and the fall of Tobruk that had opened the road to Cairo for the German tanks.
I've often found myself wandering into this local Borders, finding great comfort in the quiet, carpeted aisles, surrounded by words and stories and thoughts of centuries. And while I was away for school a couple years back, the same familiar carpet and layout and signage of another Borders kept me going back on lonely evenings, the sight of beloved authors and texts and even book covers there to assuage me.
These Borders stores represented for me havens of enjoyment and learning. Yet at the same time, this mega-bookstore chain, when it first emerged, had meant the demise of those little book shops here and there, those independently owned private nooks of passionate readers and book connoisseurs. To first hear about the actual downfall of this bookstore giant was surprising, disappointing, and a little bit unbelievable; how could Borders be closing?! It couldn't be true.
To wander into the same Borders I've wandered into many times before, and to see the garish, frightening red and yellow signs claiming, "Everything Must Go!" was disconcerting. To see the tables and shelves bare, with a few books scattered here and there in messy disarray, the empty transparent book stands, the endless sale stickers, was upsetting; I felt like crying, and I still don't know why. But it was sad. Perhaps it was a sad thought that these books may not find a final home, that they are being replaced and ignored because of eReaders and tablets. Can a Kindle ever replace the scent of a fresh book? Can a Nook ever bring that satisfaction you get from feeling the slightly rough texture of the page, the way it feels when your finger touches it, and you know then that a new turn in the story awaits? Would Belle not have been thoroughly disgruntled to find that the big "surprise" was not a beautiful open room filled with endless shelves and rows of books, but rather this cold tablet with a stylus sitting on a glass table?
Borders, I found, is closing. And when a giant falls, the people come to see. If the signs and sale stickers were not obvious, the line of people suddenly interested in cashing in those gift cards was: it spread from its bunched up mass near the register, all the way to the back of the store, spanning the back wall, and curving around again out to the front.
Borders is indeed closing, and so I lose a friend, and a refuge.
Near the frontline oil refinery at Ras Lanuf, rebels captured and occupied a small military post, which had been looted and mostly deserted except for a collection of bedding in various states of disarray and some food.
This video was shot and produced by Jonathan Guzman. This installed included the Aluminati TGV and EGR deletes from www.NewProvisionsracing.com (thanks to Nick Triggiano for the parts). Custom e-tune by www.ClarkTurnerTuning.com. Clark Turner’s tuning improved the cars performance. You can really feel the difference and he made sure my WRX ran like it was suppose too. I’ll be contacting him again for my next tune. You can contact both of these fine retailers online by their websites provided. If you have any questions for me or interested in having your product reviewed please email me at jonathan.a.guzman.2017@gmail.com.
Vehicle specs:
2016 Subaru #WRX Limited (cvt model)
#Perrin Charge pipe
Perrin Belt shield
Cobb access port
#Cobb Cold Air Intake
#Vital-cool #Intercooler
Custom Tine by #ClarkTunerTuning
Music from #Monstercat
1. Epic by Tokyo Machine
2. Disarray by Bad Computer
Social Media:
#instagram - @guzmanmultimedia
#Facebook - @guzmanmultimedia
Facebook WRX group page - 2015+ Subaru WRX Owners Group www.facebook.com/groups/1648057245433404
The Sainte-Chapelle, the palatine chapel[1] in the courtyard of the royal palace on the Île de la Cité, was built to house precious relics: Christ's crown of thorns, the Image of Edessa and thirty other relics of Christ that had been in the possession of Louis IX since August 1239, when it arrived from Venice in the hands of two Dominican friars. Unlike many devout aristocrats, who swiped relics, the saintly Louis bought his precious relics of the Passion, purchased from the Latin emperor at Constantinople, Baldwin II, for the exorbitant sum of 135,000 livres, which was paid to the Venetians, to whom it had been pawned.[2] The entire chapel, by contrast, cost 40,000 livres to build and until it was complete the relics were housed at chapels at the Château de Vincennes and a specially-built chapel at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. In 1241 a piece of the True Cross was added, and other relics. Thus the building in Paris, consecrated 26 April 1248, was like a precious reliquary: even the stonework was painted, with medallions of saints and martyrs in the quatrefoils of the dado arcade, which was hung with rich textiles.[3]
At the same time, it reveals Louis' political and cultural ambition, with the imperial throne at Constantinople occupied by a Count of Flanders and with the Holy Roman Empire in uneasy disarray, to be the central monarch of western Christendom. Just as the Emperor could pass privately from his palace into Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, so now Louis could pass directly from his palace into the Sainte Chapelle.
The Saint Chapelle rises above the rooflines of the royal palace. Miniature by the Limbourg brothers, ca 1400The Royal chapel was a prime exemplar of the newly developing culminating phase of Gothic architectural style called "Rayonnant" that achieved a sense of weightlessness. Its architect is generally thought to have been Peter of Montereau. It stands squarely upon a lower chapel which served as parish church for all the inhabitants of the palace, which was the seat of government (see "palace"). The king was later granted sainthood by the Catholic Church as Saint Louis.
The most visually beautiful aspects of the chapel, and considered the best of their type in the world, are its stained glass for which the stonework is a delicate framework, and rose windows added to the upper chapel in the fifteenth century.
No designer-builder is directly mentioned in archives concerned with the construction, but the name of Pierre de Montreuil, who had rebuilt the apse of the Royal Abbey of Saint-Denis and completed the façade of Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris is sometimes connected with the Sainte Chapelle.[4]
Ceiling of the Lower ChapelMuch of the chapel as it appears today is a recreation, although nearly two-thirds of the windows are authentic. The chapel suffered its most grievous destruction in the late eighteenth century, during the French Revolution, when the steeple and baldachin were removed, the relics dispersed (though some survive as the "relics of Sainte-Chapelle" at Notre Dame de Paris), and various reliquaries, including the grande châsse, were melted down. The Sainte-Chapelle was requisitioned as an archival depository in 1803. Two meters' worth of glass was removed to facilitate working light, and destroyed or loosed upon the market.[5] Its well-documented restoration, completed under the direction of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc in 1855, was regarded as exemplary by contemporaries[6] and is faithful to the original drawings and descriptions of the chapel that survive.
The Sainte Chapelle has been a national historic monument since 1862.
A replica of the Sainte Chapelle can be found in Chicago, Illinois. The St. James Chapelle of Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary, located on 103 E. Chestnut St, was built in the early 1900s under the direction of George Cardinal Mundelein in founding the high school. seminary.
packing for a weekend trip to the cabin. packing to move back to college. also, i use my bed as a desk/storage area. i sleep in it with stuff piled on one side...
4345 Governor Printz Blvd; an older 40s Acme that for a time coexisted with another Acme at the other end of the shopping center. Was closed no later than the early 60s; currently vacant (this part of the center is somewhat in disarray).
The quietness of the street tells us it is late night or early morning. We are in the heart of the city in the sector popularly known as Momendana ("cotton shops"). Scholars have surmised that the two geisha are returning home after an evening out, their slight disarray and sense of tipsiness enhanced by the concern in the attendant's arched eyebrow. Nearby, behind the lifted cloth curtain, two merchants sit among piles of cotton fabric, closing up their business.
hang above my desk, along with some of my frequently used items, like my fabric scissors, tools, etc.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Erich Ludendorff
Ludendorff in 1915
Member of the Reichstag
In office
24 June 1920 – 13 June 1928
ConstituencyNational list
First Quartermaster General of the
Great General Staff
In office
29 August 1916 – 26 October 1918
SeniorPaul von Hindenburg[a]
Preceded byHugo von Freytag-Loringhoven
Succeeded byWilhelm Groener
Personal details
BornErich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff
9 April 1865
Kruszewnia, Province of Posen, Kingdom of Prussia, German Confederation
Died20 December 1937 (aged 72)
Munich, Nazi Germany
Political partyDVFP
Other political
affiliationsNSFB (1924–1925)
Spouses
Margarethe Schmidt
(m. 1909; div. 1925)
Mathilde von Kemnitz
(m. 1925)
RelativesHans Ludendorff (brother)
Heinz Pernet (stepson)
Signature
Military service
Allegiance
German Empire
Kingdom of Prussia
Branch/service
Imperial German Army
Prussian Army
Years of service1883–1918
RankGeneral der Infanterie
Battles/wars
World War I
Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)
Battle of Tannenberg
First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
Battle of the Vistula River
Battle of Łódź
Winter Battle of the Masurian Lakes
Battle of Humin-Bolimów
Battle of Łomża
German summer offensive (1915)
Bug–Narew Offensive
Siege of Novogeorgievsk
Riga–Schaulen offensive
Vilno-Dvinsk offensive
Lake Naroch
Baranovichi offensive
Brusilov offensive
Second Battle of the Somme
German spring offensive
Second Battle of the Marne
Kapp Putsch
Beer Hall Putsch
AwardsPour le Mérite
Iron Cross 1st Class
Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff (German: [ˈeːʁɪç ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈluːdn̩dɔʁf] ⓘ; 9 April 1865 – 20 December 1937) was a German general and politician. He achieved fame during World War I (1914–1918) for his central role in the German victories at Liège and Tannenberg in 1914. After his appointment as First Quartermaster General of the German General Staff in 1916, Ludendorff became Germany's chief policymaker in a de facto military dictatorship until the country's defeat in 1918. Later during the years of the Weimar Republic, he took part in the failed 1920 Kapp Putsch and Adolf Hitler's 1923 Beer Hall Putsch, thereby contributing significantly to the Nazis' rise to power.
Erich Ludendorff came from a non-noble family in Kruszewnia (hence the lack of a "von" or "zu" in his name), in the Prussian Province of Posen. After completing his education as a cadet, he was commissioned a junior officer in 1885. In 1893, he was admitted to the prestigious German War Academy, and only a year later was recommended by its commandant to the General Staff Corps. By 1904, he had rapidly risen in rank to become a member of the Army's Great General Staff, where he oversaw the development of the Schlieffen Plan.
Despite being removed from the Great General Staff for meddling in politics, Ludendorff restored his standing in the army through his success as a commander in World War I. In August 1914, he led the successful German assault on Liège, earning him the Pour le Mérite. On the Eastern Front under the command of General Paul von Hindenburg, Ludendorff was instrumental in inflicting a series of crushing defeats against the Russians, including at Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes.
By August 1916, Ludendorff had successfully lobbied for Hindenburg's appointment as Supreme Commander as well as his own promotion to First Quartermaster General. Once he and Hindenburg had established a de facto military dictatorship, Ludendorff directed Germany's entire military strategy and war effort until the end of the conflict. In this capacity, he secured Russia's defeat in the east and launched a new wave of offensives on the Western Front resulting in advances not seen since the war's outbreak. However, by late 1918, all improvements in Germany's fortunes were reversed after a string of defeats in the Allies' Hundred Days Offensive. Faced with the war effort's collapse and a growing popular revolution, Kaiser Wilhelm II forced Ludendorff to resign.
After the war, Ludendorff became a prominent nationalist leader and a promoter of the stab-in-the-back myth, which posited that Germany's defeat and the settlement reached at Versailles were the result of a treasonous conspiracy by Marxists, Freemasons and Jews. He also took part in the failed 1920 Kapp Putsch and 1923 Beer Hall Putsch before unsuccessfully standing in the 1925 election for president against Hindenburg, his wartime superior. Thereafter, he retired from politics and devoted his final years to the study of military theory. His most famous work in this field was The Total War, where he argued that a nation's entire physical and moral resources should remain forever poised for mobilization because peace was merely an interval in a never-ending chain of wars. Following his death from liver cancer in Munich in 1937, Ludendorff was given—against his explicit wishes—a state funeral organized and attended by Hitler.
Early life
Ludendorff was born on 9 April 1865 in Kruszewnia near Posen, in the Province of Posen and Kingdom of Prussia (now Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland), the third of six children of August Wilhelm Ludendorff (1833–1905). His father was descended from Pomeranian merchants who had been raised to the status of a Junker.[1]
Erich's mother, Klara Jeanette Henriette von Tempelhoff (1840–1914), was the daughter of the noble but impoverished Friedrich August Napoleon von Tempelhoff (1804–1868) and his wife Jeannette Wilhelmine von Dziembowska (1816–1854), who came from a Germanized Polish landed family on the side of her father Stephan von Dziembowski (1779–1859). Through Dziembowski's wife Johanna Wilhelmine von Unruh (1793–1862), Erich was a remote descendant of the Counts of Dönhoff, the Dukes of Liegnitz and Brieg and the Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg.
Ludendorff had a stable and comfortable childhood, growing up on a small family farm. He received his early schooling from a maternal aunt and had a gift for mathematics,[2][3] as did his younger brother Hans, who became a distinguished astronomer. Upon passing the entrance exam for the Cadet School at Plön with distinction,[2] he was put in a class two years ahead of his age group, and thereafter he was consistently first in his class. The famous World War II General Heinz Guderian attended the same Cadet School, which produced many well-trained German officers. Ludendorff's education continued at the Hauptkadettenschule at Groß-Lichterfelde near Berlin through to 1882.[4]
Pre-war military career
Ludendorff at the age of 17 in 1882
In 1885, Ludendorff was commissioned as a subaltern into the 57th Infantry Regiment, then at Wesel. Over the next eight years, he was promoted to lieutenant and saw further service in the 2nd Marine Battalion, based at Kiel and Wilhelmshaven, and in the 8th Grenadier Guards at Frankfurt on the Oder. His service reports reveal the highest praise, with frequent commendations. In 1893, he entered the War Academy, where the commandant, General Meckel, recommended him to the General Staff, to which he was appointed in 1894. He rose rapidly and was a senior staff officer at the headquarters of V Corps from 1902 to 1904.
Next he joined the Great General Staff in Berlin, which was commanded by Alfred von Schlieffen, Ludendorff directed the Second or Mobilization Section from 1904 to 1913. Soon he was joined by Max Bauer, a brilliant artillery officer, who became a close friend.
In 1910 at age 45 "the 'old sinner', as he liked to hear himself called"[5] married the daughter of a wealthy factory owner, Margarethe Schmidt (1875–1936). They met in a rainstorm when he offered his umbrella. She divorced to marry him, bringing three stepsons and a stepdaughter.[4] Their marriage pleased both families and he was devoted to his stepchildren.
By 1911, Ludendorff was a full colonel. His section was responsible for writing the mass of detailed orders needed to bring the mobilized troops into position to implement the Schlieffen Plan. For this they covertly surveyed frontier fortifications in Russia, France and Belgium. For instance, in 1911 Ludendorff visited the key Belgian fortress city of Liège. Before the war, he was an Oberst in General Staff who studied the march route of the army in case of war.[6]
Deputies of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, which became the largest party in the Reichstag after the German federal elections of 1912, seldom gave priority to army expenditures, whether to build up its reserves or to fund advanced weaponry such as Krupp's siege cannons. Instead, they preferred to concentrate military spending on the Imperial German Navy. Ludendorff's calculations showed that to properly implement the Schlieffen Plan the Army lacked six corps.
Members of the General Staff were instructed to keep out of politics and the public eye,[7] but Ludendorff shrugged off such restrictions. With a retired general, August Keim, and the head of the Pan-German League, Heinrich Class, he vigorously lobbied the Reichstag for the additional men.[8] In 1913 funding was approved for four additional corps but Ludendorff was transferred to regimental duties as commander of the 39th (Lower Rhine) Fusiliers, stationed at Düsseldorf. "I attributed the change partly for my having pressed for those three additional army corps."[9]
Barbara Tuchman characterizes Ludendorff in her book The Guns of August as Schlieffen's devoted disciple who was a glutton for work and a man of granite character but who was deliberately friendless and forbidding and therefore remained little known or liked. It is true that as his wife testified, "Anyone who knows Ludendorff knows that he has not a spark of humor...".[10] He was voluble nonetheless, although he shunned small talk. John Lee,[11] states that while Ludendorff was with his Fusiliers, "he became the perfect regimental commander ... the younger officers came to adore him." His adjutant, Wilhelm Breucker, became a devoted lifelong friend.
World War I
Battle of Liège
At the outbreak of war in the summer of 1914 Ludendorff was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff to the German Second Army under General Karl von Bülow. His assignment was largely due to his previous work investigating defenses of Liège, Belgium. At the beginning of the Battle of Liège, Ludendorff was an observer with the 14th Brigade, which was to infiltrate the city at night and secure the bridges before they could be destroyed. The brigade commander was killed on 5 August, so Ludendorff led the successful assault to occupy the city and its citadel. In the following days, two of the forts guarding the city were taken by desperate frontal infantry attacks, while the remaining forts were smashed by huge Krupp 42-cm and Austro-Hungarian Škoda 30.5-cm howitzers. By 16 August, all the forts around Liège had fallen, allowing the German First Army to advance. As the victor of Liège, Ludendorff was awarded Germany's highest military decoration for gallantry, the Pour le Mérite, presented by Kaiser Wilhelm II himself on 22 August.[12]
Command in the East
German mobilization earmarked a single army, the Eighth, to defend their eastern frontier. When two Russian armies invaded East Prussia earlier than expected the command of the Eighth Army, Maximilian von Prittwitz with Georg von Waldersee as Chief of Staff, performed subpar and reportedly panicked. They accordingly were dismissed from command by the Oberste Heeresleitung (OHL), the German Supreme Army Command. The War Cabinet chose a retired general, Paul von Hindenburg, as commander, while the OHL assigned Ludendorff as his new chief of staff. Hindenburg and Ludendorff first met on their private train heading east. They agreed that they must annihilate the nearest Russian army before they tackled the second. On arrival, they discovered that Max Hoffmann had already shifted much of the 8th Army by rail to the south to do just that, in an amazing feat of logistical planning. Nine days later the Eighth Army surrounded most of a Russian army at Tannenberg, taking 92,000 prisoners in one of the great victories in German history. Twice during the battle Ludendorff wanted to break off, fearing that the second Russian army was about to strike their rear, but Hindenburg held firm.
The Germans turned on the second invading army in the Battle of the Masurian Lakes; it fled with heavy losses to escape encirclement. During the rest of 1914, commanding an Army Group, Hindenburg and Ludendorff staved off the projected invasion of German Silesia by dexterously moving their outnumbered forces into Russian Poland, fighting the battle of the Vistula River, which ended with a brilliantly executed withdrawal during which they destroyed the Polish railway lines and bridges needed for an invasion. When the Russians had repaired most of the damage the Germans struck their flank in the battle of Łódź, where they almost surrounded another Russian army. Masters of surprise and deft maneuver, the pair argued that if properly reinforced they could trap the entire Russian army in Poland. During the winter of 1914–15 they lobbied passionately for this strategy, but were rebuffed by the OHL.
Early in 1915 Hindenburg and Ludendorff surprised the Russian army that still held a toehold in East Prussia by attacking in a snowstorm and surrounding it in the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes. The OHL then transferred Ludendorff, but Hindenburg's personal plea to the Kaiser reunited them. Erich von Falkenhayn, supreme commander at the OHL, came east to attack the flank of the Russian army that was pushing through the Carpathian passes towards Hungary. Employing overwhelming artillery, the Germans and Austro-Hungarians broke through the line between Gorlice and Tarnów and kept pushing until the Russians were driven out of most of Galicia, in Austro-Hungarian Poland. During this advance Falkenhayn rejected schemes to try to cut off the Russians in Poland, preferring direct frontal attacks like Bug–Narew Offensive. Outgunned, during the summer of 1915 the Russian commander Grand Duke Nicholas shortened his lines by withdrawing from most of Poland, destroying railroads, bridges, and many buildings while driving 743,000 Poles, 350,000 Jews, 300,000 Lithuanians and 250,000 Latvians into Russia.[13]
During the winter of 1915–16 Ludendorff's headquarters was in Kaunas. The Germans occupied present-day Lithuania, western Latvia, and north eastern Poland, an area almost the size of France. Ludendorff demanded Germanization of the conquered territories and far-ranging annexations, offering land to German settlers; see Drang nach Osten. Far-reaching plans envisioned Courland and Lithuania turned into border states ruled by German military governors answerable only to the Kaiser.[14] He proposed massive annexations and colonization in Eastern Europe in the event of the victory of the German Reich, and was one of the main supporters of the Polish Border Strip.[15] Ludendorff planned to combine German settlement and Germanisation in conquered areas with expulsions of native populations; and envisioned an eastern German empire whose resources would be used in future war with Great Britain and the United States[14][16] Ludendorff's plans went as far as making Crimea a German colony.[17] As to the various nations and ethnic groups in conquered territories, Ludendorff believed they were "incapable of producing real culture"[18]
On 16 March 1916, the Russians, now with adequate supplies of cannons and shells, attacked parts of the new German defenses, intending to penetrate at two points and then to pocket the defenders. They attacked almost daily until the end of the month, but the Lake Naroch Offensive failed, "choked in swamp and blood".[19]
The Russians did better attacking the Austro-Hungarians in the south; the Brusilov Offensive cracked their lines with a well-prepared surprise wide-front attack led by well-schooled assault troops. The breakthrough was finally stemmed by Austro-Hungarian troops recalled from Italy stiffened with German advisers and reserves. In July, Russian attacks on the Germans in the north were beaten back. On 27 July 1916, Hindenburg was given command of all troops on the Eastern Front from the Baltic to Brody in Ukraine. Ludendorff and Hindenburg visited their new command on a special train, and then set up headquarters in Brest-Litovsk. By August 1916 their front was holding everywhere.
Promotion to First Quartermaster-General
In the West in 1916 the Germans attacked unsuccessfully at Verdun and soon were reeling under British and French blows along the Somme. Ludendorff's friends at the OHL, led by Max Bauer, lobbied for him relentlessly. The balance was tipped when Romania entered the war on the side of the Entente, thrusting into Hungary. Falkenhayn was replaced as Chief of the General Staff by Hindenburg on 29 August 1916. Ludendorff was again his chief of staff as first Quartermaster general, with the stipulation that he would have joint responsibility.[20] He was promoted to General of the Infantry. Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg warned the War Cabinet: "You don't know Ludendorff, who is only great at a time of success. If things go badly he loses his nerve."[21] Their first concern was the sizable Romanian Army, so troops sent from the Western Front checked Romanian and Russian incursions into Hungary. Then Romania was invaded from the south by German, Austro-Hungarian, Bulgarian, and Ottoman troops commanded by August von Mackensen and from the north by a German and Austro-Hungarian army commanded by Falkenhayn. Bucharest fell in December 1916. According to Mackensen, Ludendorff's distant management consisted of "floods of telegrams, as superfluous as they were offensive."[22]
When sure that the Romanians would be defeated the OHL moved west, retaining the previous staff except for the operations officer, blamed for Verdun. They toured the Western Front meeting—and evaluating—commanders, learning about their problems and soliciting their opinions. At each meeting Ludendorff did most of talking for Hindenburg. There would be no further attacks at Verdun and the Somme would be defended by revised tactics that exposed fewer men to British shells. A new backup defensive line would be built, like the one they had constructed in the east. The Allies would call the new fortifications the Hindenburg Line. The German goal was victory, which they defined as a Germany with extended borders that could be more easily defended in the next war.
Hindenburg was given titular command over all of the forces of the Central Powers. Ludendorff's hand was everywhere. Every day he was on the telephone with the staffs of their armies and the Army was deluged with "Ludendorff's paper barrage"[23] of orders, instructions and demands for information. His finger extended into every aspect of the German war effort. He issued the two daily communiques, and often met with the newspaper and newsreel reporters. Before long the public idolized him as the German Army's brain. Historian and correspondent William L. Shirer later called him "virtually dictator of Germany from 1916 until the defeat."[24]
The Home Front
Ludendorff had a goal: "One thing was certain—the power must be in my hands."[25] As stipulated by the Constitution of the German Empire the government was run by civil servants appointed by the Kaiser. Confident that army officers were superior to civilians, the OHL volunteered to oversee the economy: procurement, raw materials, labor, and food.[26] Max Bauer, with his industrialist friends, began by setting overambitious targets for military production in what they called the Hindenburg Program. Ludendorff enthusiastically participated in meetings on economic policy—loudly, sometimes pummeling the table with his fists. Implementation of the Program was assigned to General Groener, a staff officer who had directed the Field Railway Service effectively. His office was in the (civilian) War Ministry, not in the OHL as Ludendorff had wanted. Therefore, he assigned staff officers to most government ministries, so he knew what was going on and could press his demands.
War industry's major problem was the scarcity of skilled workers, therefore 125,000 men were released from the armed forces and trained workers were no longer conscripted. The OHL wanted to enroll most German men and women into national service, but the Reichstag legislated that only males 17–60 were subject to "patriotic service" and refused to bind war workers to their jobs.[27] Groener realized that they needed the support of the workers, so he insisted that union representatives be included on industrial dispute boards. He also advocated an excess profits tax. The industrialists were incensed. On 16 August 1917, Ludendorff telegraphed an order reassigning Groener to command the 33rd Infantry Division.[28] Overall, "unable to control labour and unwilling to control industry, the army failed miserably".[29] To the public it seemed that Ludendorff was running the nation as well as the war. According to Ludendorff, "the authorities ... represented me as a dictator".[30] He would not become Chancellor because the demands for running the war were too great.[31] The historian Frank Tipton argues that while not technically a dictator, Ludendorff was "unquestionably the most powerful man in Germany" in 1917–18.[32]
The OHL did nothing to mitigate the crisis of growing food shortages in Germany. Despite the Allied blockade, everyone could have been fed adequately, but supplies were not managed effectively or fairly.[33] In spring 1918, half of all the meat, eggs, and fruit consumed in Berlin were sold on the black market.[34]
In government
The Navy advocated unrestricted submarine warfare, which would surely bring the United States into the war. At the Kaiser's request, his commanders met with his friend, the eminent chemist Walther Nernst, who knew America well, and who warned against the idea. Ludendorff promptly ended the meeting; it was "incompetent nonsense with which a civilian was wasting his time."[35] Unrestricted submarine warfare began in February 1917, with the OHL’s strong support. This fatal mistake reflected poor military judgment in uncritically accepting the Navy’s contention that there were no effective potential countermeasures, like convoying, and confidence that the American armed forces were too feeble to fight effectively.[citation needed] By the end of the war, Germany would be at war with 27 nations.
Ludendorff, with the Kaiser's blessing,[36] helped Lenin and other 30 or so revolutionaries in exile return to Russia.[37] Ludendorff agreed to send the Bolsheviks in Switzerland by train through Germany from where they would then travel to Russia via Sweden.[38] Lenin, however, still took some convincing, insisting that he be sent on a sealed train. Lenin ultimately agreed on 31 March, and would depart Switzerland on 8 April.[39][40][41]
In the spring of 1917 the Reichstag passed a resolution for peace without annexations or indemnities. They would be content with the successful defensive war undertaken in 1914. The OHL was unable to defeat the resolution or to have it substantially watered down. The commanders despised Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg as weak, so they forced his resignation by repeatedly threatening to resign themselves, despite the Kaiser's admonition that this was not their business. Bethmann Hollweg was replaced by a minor functionary, Georg Michaelis, the food minister, who announced that he would deal with the resolution as "in his own fashion".[42] Despite this put-down, the Reichstag voted the financial credits needed for continuing the war.
Following the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the new Russian government launched the Kerensky Offensive in July 1917, attacking the Austro-Hungarian lines in Galicia. After minor successes the Russians were driven back and many of their soldiers refused to fight. The counterattack was halted only after the line was pushed 240 kilometres (150 mi) eastwards. The Germans capped the year in the East by capturing the strong Russian fortress of Riga in September 1917, starting with a brief, overwhelming artillery barrage using many gas shells then followed by infiltrating infantry. The Bolsheviks seized power and soon were at the peace table.
Ludendorff insisted on the huge territorial losses forced on Russia in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, even though this required that a million German soldiers remain in the east. During the peace negotiations with Russia, his representative kept demanding the economic concessions coveted by German industrialists. The commanders kept blocking attempts to frame a plausible peace offer to the western powers by insisting on borders expanded for future defense. Ludendorff regarded the Germans as the "master race"[43] and after victory planned to settle ex-soldiers in the Baltic states and in Alsace-Lorraine, where they would take over property seized from Balts and the French.[44] One after another the OHL toppled government ministers they regarded as weak.
Western Front (1916–1917)
In contrast to the OHL's questionable interventions in politics and diplomacy, their armies continued to excel. The commanders would agree on what was to be done and then Ludendorff and the OHL staff produced the mass of orders specifying exactly what was to be accomplished. On the western front they stopped packing defenders in the front line, which reduced losses to enemy artillery. They issued a directive on elastic defense, in which attackers who penetrated a lightly held front line entered a battle zone in which they were punished by artillery and counterattacks. It remained German Army doctrine through World War II; schools taught the new tactics to all ranks. Its effectiveness is illustrated by comparing the first half of 1916 in which 77 German soldiers died or went missing for every 100 British to the second half when 55 Germans were lost for every 100 British.[45]
By February 1917 the OHL was sure that the new French commander, General Robert Nivelle, would attack, and correctly foresaw that he would try to pinch off the German salient between Arras and Noyon. So the OHL withdrew German forces to the segment of the Hindenburg line across the base of the salient in Operation Alberich, leaving the ground they gave up as a depopulated waste land. The Nivelle Offensive in April 1917 was blunted by mobile defense in depth. Many French units mutinied, though the OHL never grasped the extent of the disarray.
The British supported their allies with a successful attack near Arras and had another success in June 1917 at Messines Ridge in Flanders. Then at the end of July 1917, the British attacked Passchendaele Ridge. At first the defense was directed by General von Lossberg, a pioneer in defense in depth, but when the British adjusted their tactics, Ludendorff took over day-to-day control. The British eventually took Passchendaele Ridge at great cost.
Ludendorff worried about declining morale, so in July 1917 OHL established a propaganda unit. In October 1917 they began mandatory patriotic lectures to the troops, who were assured that if the war was lost they would "become slaves of international capital".[46] The lecturers were to "ensure that a fight is kept up against all agitators, croakers, and weaklings".[47]
To bolster the wobbling Austro-Hungarian government, the Germans provided some troops and led a joint attack in Italy in October. They sliced through the Italian lines in the mountains at Caporetto. Two hundred and fifty thousand Italians were captured and the rest of Italian Army was forced to retreat to the Grappa-Piave defensive line.
On 20 November 1917, the British achieved a total surprise by attacking at Cambrai. A short, intense bombardment preceded an attack by tanks, which led the infantry through the German wire. It was Ludendorff's 52nd birthday, but he was too upset to attend the celebratory dinner. The British were not organized to exploit their breakthrough, and German reserves counterattacked, in some places driving the British back beyond their starting lines.
At the beginning of 1918 almost a million munition workers struck; one demand was peace without annexations. OHL ordered that "'all strikers fit to bear arms' be sent to the front, thereby degrading military service."[48]
Western Front (1918)
With Russia out of the war, the Germans outnumbered the Allies on the Western Front. After extensive consultations, OHL planned a series of attacks to drive the British out of the war. During the winter all ranks were schooled in the innovative tactics proven at Caporetto and Riga. The first attack, Operation Michael, was on 21 March 1918 near Cambrai. After an effective hurricane bombardment coordinated by Colonel Bruchmüller, they slashed through the British lines, surmounting the obstacles that had thwarted their enemies for three years. On the first day they occupied as large an area as the Allies had won on the Somme after 140 days. The Allies were aghast, but it was not the triumph OHL had hoped for: they had planned another Tannenberg by surrounding tens of thousands of British troops in the Cambrai salient,[49] but had been thwarted by stout defense and fighting withdrawal. They lost as many men as the defenders—the first day was the bloodiest of the war.[50] Among the dead was Ludendorff’s oldest stepson; a younger had been killed earlier. The Germans were unable to cut any vital railway. When Ludendorff motored near the front he was displeased by seeing how: "The numerous slightly wounded made things difficult by the stupid and displeasing way in which they hurried to the rear."[51] The Americans doubled the number of troops being sent to France.
Their next attack was in Flanders. Again they broke through, advancing 30 km (19 mi), and forcing the British to give back all of the ground that they had won the preceding year after weeks of battle. But the Germans were stopped short of the rail junction that was their goal. Next, to draw French reserves south, they struck along the Chemin des Dames. In their most successful attack yet they advanced 12 km (7.5 mi) on the first day, crossing the Marne but stopping 56 kilometres (35 mi) from Paris. However each German triumph weakened their army and its morale. From 20 March 1918 to 25 June the German front lengthened from 390 kilometres (240 mi) to 510 kilometres (320 mi).[citation needed]
Then the Germans struck near Reims, to seize additional railway lines for use in the salient, but were foiled by brilliant French elastic tactics. Undeterred, on 18 July 1918 Ludendorff, still "aggressive and confident",[52] traveled to Flanders to confer about the next attack there. A telephone call reported that the French and Americans, led by a mass of tanks, had smashed through the right flank of their salient pointing toward Paris, on the opening day of the Battle of Soissons. Everyone present realized that surely they had lost the war. Ludendorff was shattered.[citation needed]
OHL began to withdraw step by step to new defensive lines, first evacuating all of their wounded and supplies. Ludendorff's communiques, which hitherto had been largely factual, now distorted the news, for instance claiming that American troops had to be herded onto troop ships by special police.[53]
On 8 August 1918, the Germans were completely surprised at Amiens when British tanks broke through the defenses and intact German formations surrendered. To Ludendorff it was the "black day in the history of the German Army".[54] The German retreats continued, pressed by Allied attacks. OHL still vigorously opposed offering to give up the territory they desired in France and Belgium, so the German government was unable to make a plausible peace proposal.[citation needed]
Ludendorff became increasingly cantankerous, railing at his staff without cause, publicly accusing Hindenburg of talking nonsense, and sometimes bursting into tears. Bauer wanted him replaced, but instead a doctor, Oberstabarzt Hochheimer, was brought to OHL. He had worked closely with Ludendorff in Poland during the winter of 1915–16 on plans to bring in German colonists.[44] Before the war he had a practice in nervous diseases. Hochheimer "spoke as a friend and he listened as a friend",[55] convincing Ludendorff that he could not work effectively with one hour of sleep a night and that he must relearn how to relax. After a month away from headquarters Ludendorff had recovered from the severest symptoms of battle fatigue.
Downfall
On 29 September 1918, Ludendorff and Hindenburg suddenly told an incredulous Kaiser that they could not guarantee the integrity of the Western front "for two hours" and they must have an immediate armistice. A new Chancellor, Prince Maximilian of Baden, approached President Woodrow Wilson, but Wilson's terms were unacceptable to the German leadership, and so the German army fought on. The chancellor told the Kaiser that he and his cabinet would resign unless Ludendorff was removed, but that Hindenburg must remain to hold the army together.[56] The Kaiser called his commanders in, curtly accepting Ludendorff's resignation and then rejecting Hindenburg's. Fuming, Ludendorff would not accompany the field marshal back to headquarters: "I refused to ride with you because you have treated me so shabbily".[57]
Ludendorff had assiduously sought all of the credit; now he was rewarded with all of the blame. Widely despised, and with revolution breaking out, he was hidden by his brother and a network of friends until he slipped out of Germany disguised in blue spectacles and a false beard[58] and fake Finnish passport,[59] settling in a Swedish admirer's country home until the Swedish government asked him to leave in February 1919. Within seven months, he wrote two volumes of detailed memoirs. Friends, led by Breucker, provided him with documents and negotiated with publishers. Groener (who is not mentioned in the book) characterized it as a showcase of his "caesar-mania".[60] He was a brilliant general, according to John Wheeler-Bennett, stating that he was "certainly one of the greatest routine military organizers that the world has ever seen",[61] but he also said he was a ruinous political meddler.[citation needed] The influential military analyst Hans Delbrück concluded that "The Empire was built by Moltke and Bismarck, destroyed by Tirpitz and Ludendorff."[62]
After the Great War
In exile, Ludendorff wrote numerous books and articles about the German military's conduct of the war while forming the foundation for the Dolchstosslegende, the "stab-in-the-back theory," for which he is considered largely responsible,[63] insisting that a domestic crisis had sparked Germany's surrender while the military situation held firm, ignoring that he himself had pressed the politicians for an armistice on military grounds. Ludendorff was convinced that Germany had fought a defensive war and, in his opinion, that Kaiser Wilhelm II had failed to organize a proper counter-propaganda campaign or provide efficient leadership.[63]
Ludendorff was extremely suspicious of the Social Democrats and leftists, whom he blamed for the humiliation of Germany through the Versailles Treaty. Ludendorff claimed that he paid close attention to the business element (especially the Jews), and saw them turn their backs on the war effort by—as he saw it—letting profit, rather than patriotism, dictate production and financing.
Again focusing on the left, Ludendorff was appalled by the strikes that took place towards the end of the war and the way that the home front collapsed before the military front did, with the former poisoning the morale of soldiers on temporary leave. Most importantly, Ludendorff felt that the German people as a whole had underestimated what was at stake in the war; he was convinced that the Entente had started the war and was determined to dismantle Germany completely.
Ludendorff wrote:
By the Revolution the Germans have made themselves pariahs among the nations, incapable of winning allies, helots in the service of foreigners and foreign capital, and deprived of all self-respect. In twenty years' time, the German people will curse the parties who now boast of having made the Revolution.
— Erich Ludendorff, My War Memories, 1914–1918
Political career in the Republic
Ludendorff (center) with Hitler and other early Nazi leaders and prominent radical German nationalists, April 1924
Ludendorff returned to Berlin in February 1919.[64] Staying at the Adlon Hotel, he talked with another resident, Sir Neill Malcolm, the head of the British Military Mission. After Ludendorff presented his excuses for the German defeat Malcolm said, "You mean that you were stabbed in the back?" [65]— coining a key catchphrase for the German right wing.
On 12 March 1920, 5,000 Freikorps troops under the command of Walther von Lüttwitz marched on the Chancellery, forcing the government led by Friedrich Ebert and Gustav Bauer to flee the city. The putschists proclaimed a new government with a right-wing politician, Wolfgang Kapp as the new "chancellor". Ludendorff and Max Bauer were part of the putsch. The Kapp Putsch was soon defeated by a general strike that brought Berlin to a standstill. The leaders fled, Ludendorff to Bavaria, where a right-wing coup had succeeded. He published two volumes of annotated—and in a few instances pruned—documents and commentaries documenting his war service.[66] He reconciled with Hindenburg, who began to visit every year.
In May 1923, Ludendorff had an agreeable first meeting with Adolf Hitler, and soon he had regular contacts with Nazis. On 8 November 1923, the Bavarian Staatskommissar Gustav von Kahr was addressing a jammed meeting in a large beer hall, the Bürgerbräukeller. Hitler, waving a pistol, jumped onto the stage, announcing that the national revolution was underway. The hall was occupied by armed men who covered the audience with a machine gun, the first move in the Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler announced that he would lead the Reich Government and Ludendorff would command the army. He addressed the now enthusiastically supportive audience and then spent the night in the War Ministry, unsuccessfully trying to obtain the army's backing.
The next morning, 3,000 armed Nazis formed outside of the Bürgerbräukeller and marched into central Munich, the leaders just behind the flag bearers. They were blocked by a cordon of police, and firing broke out for less than a minute. Several of the Nazis in front were hit or dropped to the ground. Ludendorff and his adjutant Major Streck marched to the police line where they pushed aside the rifle barrels. He was respectfully arrested. He was indignant when he was sent home while the other leaders remained in custody. Four police officers and 15 Nazis had been killed, including Ludendorff's servant, Kurt Neubauer.
They were tried in early 1924. Ludendorff was acquitted, but Heinz Pernet, Ludendorff's stepson, was convicted of "aiding and abetting treason," given a fifteen-month sentence. Hitler went to prison but was released after nine months. Ludendorff's 60th birthday was celebrated by massed bands and a large torchlight parade. In 1924, he was elected to the Reichstag as a representative of the NSFB (a coalition of the German Völkisch Freedom Party (DVFP) and members of the Nazi Party), serving until 1928. In 1925, he founded the Tannenbergbund, a German nationalist organization which was both anti-Semitic and anti-Catholic, and published literature espousing conspiracy theories involving Jews, Catholics—especially Jesuits—and Freemasons.[67][68][69]
As his views became more extreme under the influence of his wife, Mathilde von Kemnitz, Ludendorff gradually began to part company with Hitler, who was surreptitiously working to undermine the reputation of his one serious rival for the leadership of the extreme right in Germany.[67] The stranded relationships between NSDAP and other far right or nationalist movements only increased the gap between Hitler and Ludendorff's ideas; the surge of the SA as the armed wing of National Socialism also made redundant the presence inside the party of a "military" leader (Ludendorff) interacting with the "political" leader (Hitler). By February 1926, Hitler's movement was in the process of breaking ties with Ludendorff-sponsored Tannenbergbund.[70] Previously, Ludendorff had been persuaded to run for President of the Republic in the March 1925 election as the DVFP candidate, in alliance with the Nazis, but received only 1.1 per cent of the vote; there is some evidence that Hitler himself persuaded Ludendorff to run, knowing that the results would be humiliating.[67]
No one had a majority in the initial round of the election, so a second round was needed; Hindenburg entered the race and was narrowly elected. Ludendorff felt so humiliated by what he saw as a betrayal by his old friend that he broke off relations with Hindenburg, and in 1927 refused to even stand beside the field marshal at the dedication of the Tannenberg memorial. He attacked Hindenburg abusively for not having acted in a "nationalistic soldier-like fashion". The Berlin-based liberal newspaper Vossische Zeitung states in its article "Ludendorff's hate tirades against Hindenburg—Poisonous gas from Hitler's camp" that Ludendorff was, as of 29 March 1930, deeply grounded in Nazi ideology.[71]
Tipton notes that Ludendorff was a social Darwinist who believed that war was the "foundation of human society", and that military dictatorship was the normal form of government in a society in which every resource must be mobilized.[72] The historian Margaret L. Anderson notes that after the war, Ludendorff wanted Germany to go to war against all of Europe, and that he became a pagan worshipper of the Nordic god Wotan (Odin); he detested not only Judaism, but also Christianity, which he regarded as a weakening force.[73]
Retirement and death
In 1926, Ludendorff divorced Margarethe Schmidt and married his second wife Mathilde von Kemnitz (1877–1966). They published books and essays claiming that the world's problems were the result of Christianity, especially the Jesuits and Catholics, but also conspiracies by Jews and the Freemasons. They founded the Bund für Gotteserkenntnis (in German) (Society for the Knowledge of God), a small and rather obscure esoterical society of theists.[74]
By the time Hitler came to power, Ludendorff was no longer sympathetic to him. The Nazis distanced themselves from Ludendorff because of his eccentric conspiracy theories.[75]
On 30 January 1933, the occasion of Hitler's appointment as Chancellor by President Hindenburg, Ludendorff allegedly sent the following telegram to Hindenburg:[76]
I solemnly prophesy that this accursed man will cast our Reich into the abyss and bring our nation to inconceivable misery. Future generations will damn you in your grave for what you have done.[77]
Some historians consider this text to be a forgery.[78] In an attempt to regain Ludendorff's favor, Hitler arrived unannounced at Ludendorff's home on his 70th birthday in 1935 to promote him to field marshal. Infuriated, Ludendorff allegedly rebuffed Hitler by telling him: "An officer is named General Field-Marshal on the battlefield! Not at a birthday tea-party in the midst of peace."[79] He wrote two further books on military themes.[80]
Ludendorff died of liver cancer in the private clinic Josephinum in Munich, on 20 December 1937 at the age of 72.[81] He was given—against his explicit wishes—a state funeral organized and attended by Hitler, who declined to speak at his eulogy. He was buried in the Neuer Friedhof in Tutzing in Bavaria.
Decorations and awards
He received the following honours:[82]
Knight of the Military Order of Max Joseph (Bavaria)
Grand Commander's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, with Star (Prussia)
Pour le Mérite (military), 8 August 1914; with Oak Leaves, 23 February 1915 (Prussia)
Grand Cross of the Iron Cross, 24 March 1918 (Prussia)
Iron Cross (1914) 1st and 2nd Classes
Commander of the Order of the Zähringer Lion, 2nd Class (Baden)
Knight of the Military Order of St. Henry (Saxony)
Knight of the Military Merit Order (Württemberg)
Knight Grand Cross of the House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis, with Swords and Laurels (Oldenburg)
Military Merit Cross, 2nd class (Mecklenburg-Schwerin)
Military Merit Cross, 1st Class, with War Decoration (Austria-Hungary)
Commander of the Imperial Austrian Order of Franz Joseph, with Star, 1913 (Austria-Hungary)[83]
Grand Cross of the Austrian Imperial Order of Leopold, 1917 (Austria-Hungary)[83]
Gold Military Merit Medal (Signum Laudis, Austria-Hungary)
Cross for Merit in War (Saxe-Meiningen)
Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, with Swords (Finland)[84]
Writings
Books (selection)
Erich Ludendorff – Meine Kriegserinnerungen – Ernst Mittler und Sohn – Berlin 1919
1919: Meine Kriegserinnerungen 1914–1918. Berlin: Mittler & Sohn (republished 1936)
translated into English by Frederic Appleby Holt as My War Memories 1914–1918, London: Hutchinson & Co., 1919 (vol. I, vol. II; American edition as Ludendorff's Own Story, Harper & Brothers)
1920: (ed.) Urkunden der Obersten Heeresleitung über ihre Tätigkeit, 1916–18, Berlin: E. S. Mittler
translated into English by F.A. Holt as The General Staff and its Problems: The History of the Relations between the High Command and the German Imperial Government as Revealed by Official Documents, London: Hutchinson and Son, 1920 (vol. I, vol. II)[b]
1933: Mein militärischer Werdegang. Blätter der Erinnerung an unser stolzes Heer. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
1937: with Mitarbeitern: Mathilde Ludendorff – ihr Werk und Wirken. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
1937: Auf dem Weg zur Feldherrnhalle. Lebenserinnerungen an die Zeit des 9. November 1923. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
1939: with Mathilde Ludendorff: Die Judenmacht, ihr Wesen und Ende. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
Smaller publications
1926: Die Revolution von oben. Das Kriegsende und die Vorgänge beim Waffenstillstand. Zwei Vorträge. Lorch: Karl Rohm
1932: Schändliche Geheimnisse der Hochgrade. Ludendorffs Verlag, Munchen
1934: Wie der Weltkrieg 1914 „gemacht“ wurde. Munich: Völkischer Verlag
1934: Das Marne-Drama. Der Fall Moltke-Hentsch. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
1934: "Tannenberg". Zum 20. Jahrestag der Schlacht. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
1934: Die politischen Hintergründe des 9. November 1923. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
1935: Über Unbotmäßigkeit im Kriege. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
1935: Französische Fälschung meiner Denkschrift von 1912 über den drohenden Krieg. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
1938–40: Feldherrnworte. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
At the end of May 1942, the Free French 1st brigade occupied the southern sector of the British 8th Army's deployment in the heart of Libyan desert, facing German and Italian Axis troops. This was a key point on the extreme left of the position since it could prevent any potential encirclement from the south of Allied forces retreating in disarray from the defeat and the fall of Tobruk that had opened the road to Cairo for the German tanks.
My Office Table;
currently in disarray, will be moving to a new venue, so i presume will be awfully busy packing the rest of the month. Bahhhh....
A wolf of the Grant Creek pack linage, taken in the Highway Pass area of Denali National Park.
The Grant Creek Pack is in some disarray right now. A trapper trapped the alpha female this spring and the loss of an alpha can disrupt the entire pack of the alpha male doesn't pick a new mate in the pack. I heard both that the pack was disbanding and that the outcome was still undertain this weekend.
If they disband it will be unfortunate as this pack has worked alongside the road for the last several years and is the source of most of the wolf sighings in Denali.
SCREEN GRAB: Libya - February 1941: general Rommel, German hero of the Battle of France, arrives in Libya with his troops to save the Italian army put in disarray by the British.
(Credit: CC & C)
The conspicuous appearance of this bright white building is, as it houses an art gallery or an advertising agency. This playing with suggestion and patterns of expectation, which is deliberately evoked by a highly aesthetic architectural gesture, creates a field of tension between form and content. The building thereby throws into disarray at least the conventions of utilitarian simplicity and the appropriate application of luxurious architecture.
The horizontal expanses of windows not only break the monotony of the façade but also create the impression of a sunken building because they are repeatedly placed just above ground level. It looks as though the building has sunk into the ground under its own weight. That semblance of fake weightiness is a further ironical feature in the unusual look of this building.
At the end of May 1942, the Free French 1st brigade occupied the southern sector of the British 8th Army's deployment in the heart of Libyan desert, facing German and Italian Axis troops. This was a key point on the extreme left of the position since it could prevent any potential encirclement from the south of Allied forces retreating in disarray from the defeat and the fall of Tobruk that had opened the road to Cairo for the German tanks.
Musorgsky,ai, udio,suno,music,
"That my love for you"
(Influenced by Promenade)
Lirycs By
Vadim Moonites
aka
Ganzha
In your eyes I'll look, a gaze so true
I'll recall each word, whisper them anew
Who told you so, oh who dare decree?
Who dared to claim, you're not loved by me?
(chorus)
Every gesture, every glance, in my soul shall dwell
Your voice in my heart, a sweet ringing bell
Never could I cease to love, it's plain to see
And you, oh love, always, love me
I refuse to doubt, to let thoughts stray
Of separation's sorrow, dreams in disarray
At night I cry out, in anguish, I cry
If I dream you love me not, tears moisten my eye
(chorus)
Every gesture, every glance, in my soul shall dwell
Your voice in my heart, a sweet ringing bell
Never could I cease to love, it's plain to see
And you, oh love, always, love me
Should misfortune come, and part our ways
Destiny's hand, in reality plays
I'll circle the earth, every inch I'll trace
Crossing oceans and seas, my love shall embrace
May this love-filled ballad bring you joy
A tale of devotion, without alloy
In every line, in every verse, may you see
That my love for you, eternal shall be
On a visit in 1722, Peter the Great said "In the whole of my empire, there is not a single cathedral as beautiful as this one." It's finely featured, this shot doesn't do it justice.
- "In 1556, the Astrakhan Khanate was conquered by Ivan the Terrible, who had a new fortress built on a steep hill overlooking the Volga. In 1569, Astrakhan was besieged by the Ottoman army, which had to retreat in disarray. A year later, the Sultan renounced his claims to Astrakhan, thus opening the entire Volga River to Russian traffic. In the 17th century, the city was developed as a Russian gate to the Orient. Many merchants from Armenia, Persia, India and Khiva settled in the downtown, giving it a multinational and variegated character." (Unesco)
- In 1614, the locals took the Kremlin here by storm and expelled Marina Mnishek, pretender to the Russian throne, and her protector ataman Zarutskiy.
- For 17 months in 1670-1671 Astrakhan was held by Stenka Razin and his Cossacks.
- The city rebelled against the tsar once again in 1705, when it was held by the Cossacks under Kondraty Bulavin. A Kalinuck khan laid an abortive siege to the kremlin several years prior to that. In 1711, it was made a capital of a gubemiya... 6 years later, Astrakhan served as a base for the first Russian venture into Central Asia.
- In 1942, Astrakhan withstood a siege and the Astrakhan Kremlin again played a defensive role." (Unesco)
At the end of May 1942, the Free French 1st brigade occupied the southern sector of the British 8th Army's deployment in the heart of Libyan desert, facing German and Italian Axis troops. This was a key point on the extreme left of the position since it could prevent any potential encirclement from the south of Allied forces retreating in disarray from the defeat and the fall of Tobruk that had opened the road to Cairo for the German tanks.
bro·ken:
1. Forcibly separated into two or more pieces; fractured
2. Sundered by divorce, separation, or desertion of a parent
3. Having been violated
4.a. Incomplete
b. Being in a state of disarray
5. a. Intermittently stopping and starting
b. Varying abruptly: broken sobs.
c. Spoken with gaps and errors
6. Topographically rough; uneven
7. a. humbled: a broken spirit.
b. Weakened and infirm
8. Crushed by grief
9. Financially ruined
10. Not functioning; out of order
The Sainte-Chapelle, the palatine chapel[1] in the courtyard of the royal palace on the Île de la Cité, was built to house precious relics: Christ's crown of thorns, the Image of Edessa and thirty other relics of Christ that had been in the possession of Louis IX since August 1239, when it arrived from Venice in the hands of two Dominican friars. Unlike many devout aristocrats, who swiped relics, the saintly Louis bought his precious relics of the Passion, purchased from the Latin emperor at Constantinople, Baldwin II, for the exorbitant sum of 135,000 livres, which was paid to the Venetians, to whom it had been pawned.[2] The entire chapel, by contrast, cost 40,000 livres to build and until it was complete the relics were housed at chapels at the Château de Vincennes and a specially-built chapel at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye. In 1241 a piece of the True Cross was added, and other relics. Thus the building in Paris, consecrated 26 April 1248, was like a precious reliquary: even the stonework was painted, with medallions of saints and martyrs in the quatrefoils of the dado arcade, which was hung with rich textiles.[3]
At the same time, it reveals Louis' political and cultural ambition, with the imperial throne at Constantinople occupied by a Count of Flanders and with the Holy Roman Empire in uneasy disarray, to be the central monarch of western Christendom. Just as the Emperor could pass privately from his palace into Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, so now Louis could pass directly from his palace into the Sainte Chapelle.
The Saint Chapelle rises above the rooflines of the royal palace. Miniature by the Limbourg brothers, ca 1400The Royal chapel was a prime exemplar of the newly developing culminating phase of Gothic architectural style called "Rayonnant" that achieved a sense of weightlessness. Its architect is generally thought to have been Peter of Montereau. It stands squarely upon a lower chapel which served as parish church for all the inhabitants of the palace, which was the seat of government (see "palace"). The king was later granted sainthood by the Catholic Church as Saint Louis.
The most visually beautiful aspects of the chapel, and considered the best of their type in the world, are its stained glass for which the stonework is a delicate framework, and rose windows added to the upper chapel in the fifteenth century.
No designer-builder is directly mentioned in archives concerned with the construction, but the name of Pierre de Montreuil, who had rebuilt the apse of the Royal Abbey of Saint-Denis and completed the façade of Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris is sometimes connected with the Sainte Chapelle.[4]
Ceiling of the Lower ChapelMuch of the chapel as it appears today is a recreation, although nearly two-thirds of the windows are authentic. The chapel suffered its most grievous destruction in the late eighteenth century, during the French Revolution, when the steeple and baldachin were removed, the relics dispersed (though some survive as the "relics of Sainte-Chapelle" at Notre Dame de Paris), and various reliquaries, including the grande châsse, were melted down. The Sainte-Chapelle was requisitioned as an archival depository in 1803. Two meters' worth of glass was removed to facilitate working light, and destroyed or loosed upon the market.[5] Its well-documented restoration, completed under the direction of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc in 1855, was regarded as exemplary by contemporaries[6] and is faithful to the original drawings and descriptions of the chapel that survive.
The Sainte Chapelle has been a national historic monument since 1862.
A replica of the Sainte Chapelle can be found in Chicago, Illinois. The St. James Chapelle of Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary, located on 103 E. Chestnut St, was built in the early 1900s under the direction of George Cardinal Mundelein in founding the high school. seminary.
recycle or reincarnate
Last autumn, we went to the cemetery as an outing on a Sunday afternoon, having heard that it was absolutely frightening up there... that is to say, the union city/cemetery workers had been on strike since the spring and there had been no work done up there in months... the whole city was up in arms, not only because the cemetery was very unkept and completely over-grown, but because the newly-departed loved ones were unable to be buried, because of not being able to cross the picket lines... crazy stuff... It's totally amazing to us that this was part of our everyday world and no one could do anything about it and so it became part of our common experience. It's amazing to me that we as a society can accept things and allow them to happen and somehow put our hands in the air and say, oh well, there's nothing we can do about it... but bitch...
And so, after having avoided the situation for months, (we don't get the paper or listen to the news at all... and so get our daily events from family and friends...) we decided to see what all the fuss was about... and what an adventure it turned out to be.
The place was a wonderland to an artist's eyes... but, not so fun for family members whose loved ones were buried under feet of tall grasses. We found a complete mess... what a great statement it all made: decay, disarray, death, memorials, all along this wonderful mountain top at the center of our fabulous city. And so, I began to think about the necessity of taking these incredible amounts of acres of beautiful land and burying dead bodies there... with all the graves stones barely visible it seems questionable to me about the value of this long-standing ritual... why was it necessary to us as humans? what was it about?
And so as we moved through the tall grasses, further and further up the hill we found an open field with nothing... I was intrigued and went straight for it... once I got there and as I walked around, I fell into a slight hole, and then another and another... it took me a while to discover that there were small flat graves under my feet... older graves stones, flush to the ground that had been buried under several feet of leaves and tall vegetaion... what a find!
I proceeded to unearth these markers one by one in a row! my hands filthy from the wet soil and mildew! But, I LOVED it...
I cried out to my husband to record the moment, and so, these photos were originally taken by my husband Sol Lang for me. I tweaked them... working on these photos lovingly and respectfully until their meaning became clear to me.
This is about recycling and reincarnation. We are recycling our bodies and feeding the earth. Giving back in a sense. Allowing our souls to also recycle or reincarnate!
.
Travel memories 15 of 365
We went to Sri Lanka on our honeymoon. She wanted to go to Hawaii. I wanted to go somewhere interesting. Somehow we compromised on Sri Lanka -- in 1983. That's significant because the Sri Lankan civil war began in 1983. We weren't following the news from Sri Lanka, so we had no idea until we arrived in the country. Fortunately our arrival coincided with the lull between the first outbreak in the summer of '83 and the war's continuation in 1984.
We didn't encounter any political trouble or violence during our visit. We did hear horror stories when we visited a Hindu kovil, though. And the train schedule was in utter disarray. But on the whole, the timing worked to our advantage. There were very few tourists, which meant we got to stay in the nicest hotels for a fraction of the regular price. In Kandy, where I took this photo, instead of the hostel I had planned on, we stayed at the beautiful Queen's Hotel where at dinner we had the entire dining room to ourselves. (Although having four liveried (but barefoot) waiters standing at your table for the whole meal is a bit stressful.)
I wonder what Freud would say about spending your honeymoon in a war zone? Does this marriage have a future?
Feeling nostalgic with those travel photos? Share yours at 365 Travel Memories.
In the far reaches of northern Scotland, within a village where time meanders at its own tranquil pace, a series of images unfolds, painting a tableau of life's relentless march amidst the shadows of climate's dismay and the distant rumbles of war that threaten to engulf Europe. It is a Wednesday evening, draped in the quietude of rainfall, a scene reminiscent of an Edward Hopper collection—imbued with solitude, emptiness, yet a profound continuance.
A Poem:
In this hamlet 'neath Scottish skies so wide,
Where the rains whisper and the winds confide,
Looms the spectre of a world in disarray,
Yet within these bounds, life finds its way.
Upon the cusp of night, shadows merge and dance,
In the pub's warm glow, eyes steal a glance.
The hearth's soft crackle, a comforting song,
In this northern retreat, where hearts belong.
The world outside may churn and roar,
With climates wracked and the drums of war.
Yet here we stand, in this time-suspended place,
Where tomorrow's worries are but a trace.
The local pub, our living room, our sphere,
A sanctuary from doubt, from dread, from fear.
We'll return come dusk, as sure as the tide,
In the rhythm of the ordinary, we take pride.
For what are we, but passengers in time,
Through days mundane, through nights sublime?
The question lingers, in the air, it floats,
Is this all there is? In whispers, it denotes.
Yet, as we stand 'neath the gentle pour,
We find beauty in the repeat, in the encore.
For in these moments, life's essence we distill,
In the quiet of the village, in the peace, so still.
A Haiku:
Rain veils the night's face,
Quiet pub bids farewell—
Life's quiet march on.
At the end of May 1942, the Free French 1st brigade occupied the southern sector of the British 8th Army's deployment in the heart of Libyan desert, facing German and Italian Axis troops. This was a key point on the extreme left of the position since it could prevent any potential encirclement from the south of Allied forces retreating in disarray from the defeat and the fall of Tobruk that had opened the road to Cairo for the German tanks.
The constant disarray of my son's bed has provided him with a subject matter to hone his photography skills .... I would of course prefer if he had made his bed and chosen another subject to photograph !!!
My son has been bitten by the photography bug, I gave him a Minolta X-700 to play with with and a 40mm Rokkor lens.
We threw a roll of Kentmere 400 into the Minolta and I showed him how to develop his own roll.
I guess he threw his own little still life together using his hat & shoes ... I like it.
Nice to see the look on his face when the roll came out of the tank and he saw the negatives for the first time. Developed in Rodinal 1:25 for 7.5 minutes @ 20'C
recycle or reincarnate
Last autumn, we went to the cemetery as an outing on a Sunday afternoon, having heard that it was absolutely frightening up there... that is to say, the union city/cemetery workers had been on strike since the spring and there had been no work done up there in months... the whole city was up in arms, not only because the cemetery was very unkept and completely over-grown, but because the newly-departed loved ones were unable to be buried, because of not being able to cross the picket lines... crazy stuff... It's totally amazing to us that this was part of our everyday world and no one could do anything about it and so it became part of our common experience. It's amazing to me that we as a society can accept things and allow them to happen and somehow put our hands in the air and say, oh well, there's nothing we can do about it... but bitch...
And so, after having avoided the situation for months, (we don't get the paper or listen to the news at all... and so get our daily events from family and friends...) we decided to see what all the fuss was about... and what an adventure it turned out to be.
The place was a wonderland to an artist's eyes... but, not so fun for family members whose loved ones were buried under feet of tall grasses. We found a complete mess... what a great statement it all made: decay, disarray, death, memorials, all along this wonderful mountain top at the center of our fabulous city. And so, I began to think about the necessity of taking these incredible amounts of acres of beautiful land and burying dead bodies there... with all the graves stones barely visible it seems questionable to me about the value of this long-standing ritual... why was it necessary to us as humans? what was it about?
And so as we moved through the tall grasses, further and further up the hill we found an open field with nothing... I was intrigued and went straight for it... once I got there and as I walked around, I fell into a slight hole, and then another and another... it took me a while to discover that there were small flat graves under my feet... older graves stones, flush to the ground that had been buried under several feet of leaves and tall vegetaion... what a find!
I proceeded to unearth these markers one by one in a row! my hands filthy from the wet soil and mildew! But, I LOVED it...
I cried out to my husband to record the moment, and so, these photos were originally taken by my husband Sol Lang for me. I tweaked them... working on these photos lovingly and respectfully until their meaning became clear to me.
This is about recycling and reincarnation. We are recycling our bodies and feeding the earth. Giving back in a sense. Allowing our souls to also recycle or reincarnate!
.
IOM and its humanitarian partners in Haiti were quickly on the scene after one of the first heavy storms of the hurricane season struck Corail camp in the hills above Port au Prince on 12 July.
They brought aid and assistance to those left without shelter by the storm which struck on Monday afternoon. Today they were back at the camp delivering and erecting replacement tents and providing emergency assistance.
Flying debris from the storm caused six people to be injured and damaged or destroyed 344 tents, forcing around 1,700 people to seek emergency shelter overnight.
The Corail camp looks after some 7,000 people who were displaced by the earthquake of 12 January last. They live in 1,300 family sized tents while an urgent program is underway to replace their tents with durable transitional shelters made of wood with tin roofs.
As the summer storm blasted through the exposed campsite at 4 PM on Sunday, six people were left injured by flying tent poles and were quickly taken to nearby Coix de Bouquet hospital for treatment.
An assessment team including IOM Camp Management, MINUSTAH UN police and Haitian national police was at the location 1 hour after the storm had passed.
They found the camp in considerable disarray, with anxious residents concerned for their safety and seeking shelter. As residents raised their voices and demanded help, IOM’s team of community mobilizers helped calm tempers and reassure people that help was on the way.
The IDPs were provided with emergency shelter overnight in a World Vision hall.
A team of 10 IOM staff were on hand to help while other colleagues began collecting 344 tents, 400 tarps, ropes and other essential non food items (NFIs)
This morning the tents were distributed to the IDPs at 11:00am.
World Vision, which is already building transitional shelters in Corail, donated 100 of the tents and IOM got access to a further 244 tents trough the shelter cluster and MSF Holland.
IOM helped transport the tents to Corail and supported ARC camp managers distributing the tents while making further assessments of the damage.
Security for the operation was provided by UNPOL and ambulance and military escorts were also sent to help maintain order.
This incident highlights the need to step up preparedness across the board as more unpredictable storms can be expected as the hurricane season gets into full swing.
This lawn display is down the block from my house. It isn't the most extravagant display in the neighborhood, but it interested me because of the chaotic attempt to unify various holiday themes. We have Santa and Mrs. Claus with an elf and the North pole, along with Frosty the Snowman, next to the Little Drummer Boy, and of course, Mickey and Minnie Mouse as Mr. and Mrs. Bob Cratchit. They are all in a linear 35 feet in orderly disarray. Happy Holidays.
This picture is a 3D conversion of a 2D stitched original photograph. Use red/cyan glasses to see the 3D or enjoy it as is.
1. Untitled, 2. Untitled, 3. Untitled, 4. cola, 5. boozekeh, 6. Untitled, 7. MS Galaxy, 8. IMG_4712qb, 9. dog days, 10. downtown, 11. front, 12. O' Dots, 13. Untitled, 14. panic and disarray, 15. gaze, 16. way forward, 17. traffic confusion.., 18. Untitled, 19. public mini-lawn, 20. ., 21. Untitled, 22. Untitled, 23. Jesus Spotting, 24. *, 25. vaporous, 26. Behind every successful woman is a substantial amount of coffee, 27. ., 28. IMG_1225, 29. Two souls, one heart, 30. I Sat By The Phone at Night and Waited For My Dreams To Call, 31. meep, 32. ^^, 33. rachel, 34. SF Surf, 35. Hey ladies, 36. Untitled
Created with fd's Flickr Toys