Český Krumlov (English: Crumlaw), is a small city in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic where Český Krumlov Castle is located. Old Český Krumlov is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city is named Český Krumlov ("Bohemian Crumlaw") to differentiate it from Moravský Krumlov in South Moravia.

Construction of the town and castle began around 1240 by the Vítkovci at a ford in the Vltava River, at an important trade route in Bohemia. A legend says that the name derives from the German "Krumme Aue" which can be translated as "crooked meadow".

In 1302 the town and castle were acquired by the House of Rosenberg. The majority of inhabitants were German at that time. Czechs were only a small minority, who had their own priest.

In late 15th century, when gold was found next to the town, German miners came to settle, which shifted the ethnic balance even more.

Emperor Rudolf II bought Krumlov in 1602 and gave it to his natural son Julius d’Austria. Emperor Ferdinand II gave Krumlov to the House of Eggenberg and the town was seat of Duchy of Krumlov. From 1719 until 1945 the castle belonged to the House of Schwarzenberg. Most of the architecture of the old town and castle dates from the 14th through 17th centuries; the town's structures are mostly in Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque styles. The core of the old town is within a horseshoe bend of the river, with the old Latrán neighborhood and castle on the other side of the Vltava.

During the Communist era of Czechoslovakia, Krumlov fell into disrepair, but since the Velvet Revolution of 1989 much of the town's former beauty has been restored, and it is now a major holiday destination popular with tourists from all over the world.

Esta representación hace referencia al encuentro de Cristo con los Discípulos de Emaús.

En este relieve, el escultor ha representado tres armónicas figuras que parecen simular un paseo, en este momento, el escultor está creando movimiento y el espectador lo interpreta como el recorrido de un camino.

Según las directrices del arte románico, el autor mantiene el nivel jerárquico de las figuras en la composición, desarrollando el tamaño de la figura de Jesús para diferenciarlo de los otros dos Discípulos de Emaús, como ya se ha mencionado.

Aunque en este relieve, el maestro ha pasado por alto una de esas directrices tópicas del románico que es la ley del marco, se puede verificar como la cabeza de Jesús rebasa la frontera del arco de medio punto al igual que el pie de uno de los dos discípulos que toca la columna del arco.

Otra curiosidad del relieve es que cada uno de los personajes mira y se ve desde diferentes puntos de vista, el rostro de Jesús es el que presenta una mirada más frontal aunque no impide que las miradas de los tres protagonistas estén comunicadas entre sí.

This representation refers to the encounter of Christ with the Disciples of Emmaus.

In this relief, the sculptor has represented three harmonic figures that seem to simulate a walk. At this moment, the sculptor is creating movement and the viewer interprets it as a path.

Following the guidelines of Romanesque art, the author maintains the hierarchical level of the figures in the composition, developing the size of the figure of Jesus to differentiate it from the other two Disciples of Emmaus, as already mentioned.

Although in this relief, the master has overlooked one of those typical Romanesque directives that is the law of the frame, it can be verified how the head of Jesus exceeds the border of the semicircular arch as well as the foot of one of the two disciples touching the column of the arch.

Another curiosity of the relief is that each of the characters looks and is seen from different points of view, the face of Jesus is the one that presents a more frontal gaze, although it does not prevent the gazes of the three protagonists from communicating with each other.

• Six-banded Armadillo, Yellow Armadillo

• Armadillo amarillo, armadillo de seis bandas, gualacate, tatú peludo

Scientific classification:

Kingdom:Animalia

Phylum:Chordata

Class:Mammalia

Order:Cingulata

Family:Chlamyphoridae

Subfamily:Euphractinae

Genus:Euphractus

Species:E. sexcinctus

It is one of the largest species of armadillos. The carapace is flattened and broad, with 6 to 8 movable bands; its coloration is yellowish to reddish-brown, generally quite pale. The head is triangular, pointed and with a somewhat convex profile; they have longer ears than Chaetophractus villosus. The front and hind legs have 5 toes; the front legs have long, thin claws. Its larger body size differentiates it from the other hairy armadillos (Chaetophractus and Zaedyus) (Canevari and Vaccaro 2007).

Oasis Wildlife Fuerteventura, La Lajita, Fuerteventura, Islas Canarias

Red Grouse - Lagopus lagopus scotica

The red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scotica, is a medium-sized bird of the grouse family which is found in heather moorland in Great Britain and Ireland. It is usually classified as a subspecies of the willow ptarmigan but is sometimes considered to be a separate species, Lagopus scotica. It is also known as the moorcock, moorfowl or moorbird. Lagopus is derived from Ancient Greek lagos (λαγος), meaning "hare", + pous (πους), "foot", in reference to the feathered feet and toes typical of this cold-adapted genus, and scoticus is "of Scotland".

The red grouse is widely known as the logo of The Famous Grouse whisky and an animated bird is a character in a series of its adverts. The red grouse is also the emblem of the journal British Birds.

The red grouse is differentiated from the willow ptarmigan and rock ptarmigan by its plumage being reddish brown, and not having a white winter plumage. The tail is black and the legs are white. There are white stripes on the underwing and red combs over the eye. Females are less reddish than the males and have less conspicuous combs. Young birds are duller and lack the red combs.

The red grouse is endemic to the British Isles; it has developed in isolation from other subspecies of the willow ptarmigan which are widespread in northern parts of Eurasia and North America.

It is found across most parts of Scotland, including Orkney, Shetland and most of the Outer Hebrides. They are only absent from urban areas, such as in the Central Belt.

In Wales there are strong populations in places but their range has retracted. They are now largely absent from the far south, their main strongholds being Snowdonia, the Brecon Beacons and the Cambrian Mountains. There are reports of Welsh birds crossing the Bristol Channel to Exmoor.

In England it is mainly found in the north – places such as the Lake District, Northumberland, County Durham, much of Yorkshire, the Pennines and the Peak District, as far south as the Staffordshire Moorlands. There is an isolated introduced population on Dartmoor, and overspill Welsh birds visit the Shropshire Hills such as Long Mynd, where they breed. The Exmoor population would now appear to be extinct, with the last birds sighted as recently as 2005. An introduced population in Suffolk died out by the early 20th century, though a population on Cannock Chase in Staffordshire lasted longer.

The British population is estimated at about 250,000 pairs with around 1–5,000 pairs in Ireland. Numbers have declined in recent years and birds are now absent in areas where they were once common. Reasons for the decline include loss of heather due to overgrazing, creation of new conifer plantations and a decline in the number of upland gamekeepers. Some predators such as the hen harrier feed on grouse and there is ongoing controversy as to what effect these have on grouse numbers.

Red grouse have been introduced to the Hautes Fagnes region of Belgium but the population there died out in the early 1970s.

The red grouse is considered a game bird and is shot in large numbers during the shooting season which traditionally starts on August 12, known as the Glorious Twelfth. There is a keen competition among some London restaurants to serve freshly killed grouse on August 12, with the birds being flown from the moors and cooked within hours.

Hello friends, we will visit Sicily in the next few weeks. = O)

Last summer's trip, Sicily is a land full of beauty and contrasts, contrasts that I want to differentiate in two parts, the first with photos of the most tourist sites and the second is a look of a most quotidian life in your streets.

Welcome to my series "La Sicilia è ..."

I hope you like it, a good week for everyone.

Credits: Bondi, NativeUrban,

Blogger: BD Male Blog.

- More details in my bio.

Outfit:

BONDI . Tony Sunglasses | Event Cosmopolitan

NATIVE URBAN - Old Sailor Coat All Colors | Event Equal10

it’s all going to end up as a photograph anyway?

John Divola

HPPT! HBW!!

cercis, redbud, sarah p duke gardens, duke university, durham, north carolina

Hobart is the capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. With a population of approximately 240,342 (over 45% of Tasmania's population), it is the least populated Australian state capital city, and second smallest if territories are taken into account (after Darwin, Northern Territory). The city is located in the state's south-east on the estuary of the River Derwent, making it the most southern of Australia's capital cities. Its skyline is dominated by the 1,271-metre Mount Wellington, and its harbour forms the second-deepest natural port in the world, with much of the city's waterfront consisting of reclaimed land. The metropolitan area is often referred to as Greater Hobart, to differentiate it from the City of Hobart, one of the five local government areas that cover the city. Founded in 1804 as a British penal colony, Hobart is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney, New South Wales. 30162

The physical appearance of the moai that came out of the Rano Raraku quarries follows a clearly defined pattern. This quite similar aesthetic makes them all look the same, but it is not like that. Precisely here, with so many figures to compare, it is observed that each moai has unique features that give it its own personality and that differentiate it from others.

Those unique details linked to their particular history, made that each statue had its own name. Some names were related to the authors of the work, but others made reference to some peculiarity of the image or the place where it was. Unfortunately, the passage of time has erased the memory of almost everyone, but still retains that of a few chosen. Let’s meet the most famous.

***

There are 397 moais that never left the factory or construction site. They never had a platform.

These moais were taken to all sides of the island from here. The hills have several moais of different sizes, positions and many styles. Rano Raraku is not just a megalithic workshop. It represents the maximum development of an ancestral culture.

They began to be sculpted approximately between 1000 and 1600 A.D.

La iglesia de Santa María la Mayor de Peñarroya de Tastavins . Se trata de un edificio construido en el siglo XVIII en estilo barroco clasicista. Su fábrica es de mampostería combinada con sillar y conforma un rotundo volumen claramente diferenciado del resto del caserío.

A los pies, en el lado de la Epístola, se alza la esbelta torre de tres cuerpos, siendo cuadrados los dos primeros y octogonal el último, que cumple la función de cuerpo de campanas, por lo que se presenta abierto en sus ocho caras por arcos de medio punto.

The church of Santa María la Mayor in Peñarroya de Tastavins .It is a building built in the 18th century in a classicist baroque style. Its factory is made of masonry combined with ashlar and forms a resounding volume clearly differentiated from the rest of the farmhouse.

At the foot, on the side of the Epistle, rises the slender three-section tower, the first two being square and the last octagonal, which acts as a body of bells, which is why it is presented open on its eight faces by Round arches.

L'església de Santa Maria la Major de Pena-roja de Tastavins Es tracta d'un edifici construït al segle XVIII en estil barroc classicista. La seva fàbrica és de maçoneria combinada amb carreu i conforma un rotund volum clarament diferenciat d'la resta de l'caseriu.

Als peus, al costat de l'Epístola, s'alça l'esvelta torre de tres cossos, sent quadrats els dos primers i octogonal l'últim, que compleix la funció de cos de campanes, per la qual cosa es presenta obert en les seves vuit cares per arcs de mig punt.

I knew I had a California Gnatcatcher when I heard the call. It is a big treat to find one and a real challenge to get a decent photo.

"The little gnatcatchers inhabit coastal sage scrub year-round and are not a terribly difficult bird to identify, that is, assuming one gets a decent look or hears one calling. If the bird is being difficult and staying hidden in the brush it can be difficult to differentiate a Polioptila californica from a Polioptila caerulea, better known as a Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, especially in winter when the latter species occurs in large numbers across all suitable habitat in southern California.

My one encounter with a California Gnatcatcher over the holidays occurred when I was digiscoping some rather cooperative Blue-gray Gnatcatchers in some sage scrub just south of Carbon Canyon Regional Park. I would occasionally pish a bit when the gnatcatcher I was shooting would work its way too high up the hill that it was foraging on and it would return and continue to forage much closer to me. Because there were several gnatcatchers around their calls became rather ingrained into my brain. After one pish I heard a different call. I recognized it as a gnatcatcher call but it sounded thinner, more plaintive, and just plain different. I quickly spotted the source of the call, a gnatcatcher with more of a brownish coloration on both its back and wings and a buffyish coloration on its back underparts. I was pretty sure that I was dealing with a California Gnatcatcherbut I wasn’t one hundred percent on my identification until I got a good look at the undertail."

10000birds.com

An iconic pose with an uptilted beak.

Doublers crested cormorants are pretty easily differentiated from other waterfowl that may appear similar from a distance because on land and water they tend to have that nose in the air look. This one is visiting Farmington Bay WMA on the Great Salt Lake.

"Three of the four North American subspecies of Orange-crowned Warbler occur in the Pacific Northwest. Each has a different status and migration pattern. Alert field observers can often differentiate between coastal birds and interior birds, contributing to our knowledge of their distribution and alerting us to changes in their status. In eBird, the three subspecies are

lutescens (“Pacific Coastal”),

orestera (“Interior Montane”) and

celata (“Taiga”).

The last two are also clumped into “Gray-headed.” As this note points out, there are many times when birders are unable to confidently assign an individual to a subspecies. If in doubt, call it an Orange-crowned Warbler and avoid creating error in the data." ebird.org

This shot was made using a light tent, the idea was to control the reflections. I shot only one spoon and mirrored it in the beginning so that successive edit would differentiate them, I didn't want perfect symmetry. One can imagine the triangular or lozenge shape between the spoons to be some kind of entrance into emptiness but where imagination can see infinite variation, all this surrounded by the subtle lighting guiding the eye into this entrance.

You are sensational, little planet.

***

Valle Nevado is the largest ski center in the Southern Hemisphere, with a surface where it is possible to ski for 900 hectares, and the most modern in Chile. It is located in the middle of the Cordillera de los Andes at an altitude of 3,025 meters.

In Valle Nevado we can find high quality snow, so much so that it is chosen by athletes from all over the world to practice heliskiing, snowboarding, skiing and all kinds of winter activities.

It has 37 tracks on more than 40 kilometers of flat tracks located in the Andean valleys, differentiated by their levels for beginners, blue, red and black; as well as alternative tracks, with virgin snow for the experienced.

Valle Nevado, in addition, has a Snowboard Park, 100 meters long, 50 meters wide, where the Snowboard World Championship has been held since 2003 for its excellent terrains, with its specialized tracks in Half Pipe and Border Cross.

This ski center also has bumps, areas full of obstacles and the best snow for a practice full of adrenaline and adventure.

Valle Nevado has 810 meters of height difference and a maximum height at the Cima Tres Puntas, of 3,670 meters of altitude. The minimum altitude in Valle Nevado is 2,860 meters, located at Base Prado.

The resort is located at an altitude of 3,025 meters.

***

Valle Nevado has one of the best snowparks in Latin America, specially developed for beginners and experts. It is located next to the Candonga walkable, between the base of Cima Prado and the Andes Express. It gives the possibility of having a class with a ski and snowboard instructor to learn or improve the techniques.

It has 3 areas :: the beginners area has a course with rollers, unevenness and mini boxes, the intermediate area has 2 boxes, 3 jumps from 6 to 10 meters and a rainbow, and the experts area has 2 balconies with a kink box, one quarter pipe for jibbing and 2 step up jumps.

Picture from A Train In North India

Another beautiful bird found around the rapids along with the other redstarts. The bird was flying from boulder to boulder and in between grabbing a few flies for snacks. I think the sexes are alike and colorful since we saw many of them, but didn't see a differentiation. ebird also indicated the same.

Many thanks in advance for the faves and feedback.

Consuegra, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, España.

Los molinos de Consuegra son un conjunto de molinos situados en el denominado «cerro Calderico», en el municipio español de Consuegra, en la provincia de Toledo, Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha.

Los molinos de viento fueron construidos en la primera mitad del siglo XIX. En concreto Pascual Madoz señala un total de diez molinos harineros en 1847, en su Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de Ultramar, aunque en el siglo XVIII al parecer existirían ya dos molinos, uno de ellos se piensa que es del siglo XVI. Tras las distintas reconstrucciones llevadas a cabo en diferentes épocas, se conservan en el siglo XXI doce de los trece molinos que en su día llegaron a coronar el cerro Calderico. Actualmente han dejado de realizar su función como molinos y se usan para fines turísticos, en el molino Sancho se celebra el sábado del último fin de semana de octubre "La molienda de la paz".

Estos, siguiendo la tipología del molino torre, establecida en Holanda entre los siglos XVI y XVII, presentan dos partes claramente diferenciadas: un cuerpo cilíndrico o torre formada por gruesos muros de mampostería encalada, que constituye el elemento sustentante, y una cubierta cónica giratoria de madera y cinc, que integra el conjunto motriz, manifestándose al exterior por el palo de gobierno y sus cuatro aspas rectangulares.

Su ubicación sobre el cerro Calderico y la necesidad de contar con un suelo nivelado para su edificación, determinó la construcción de una plataforma circular, reforzada en su perímetro por un muro de mampostería en el centro del cual se levanta el molino de viento.

En el grueso del muro de cerramiento de los molinos, y orientadas al sur, se abren puertas de vano adintelado, de una hoja, que dan acceso a un interior dividido en tres plantas pavimentadas con baldosa de barro y conectadas entre sí por una escalera adosada al muro. En la planta inferior, se ubica el silo, donde se almacenaba el grano molido. En la segunda planta o «camareta» se ubica el cedazo, gran tamiz dentro de un cajón para separar la harina del salvado. En la tercera planta o «moledero», estancia donde el muro reduce su espesor proporcionando un espacio de mayor amplitud, se aloja el conjunto de la maquinaria, cuyo elemento más llamativa es la rueda catalina. En la parte alta del muro se abren ocho ventanillos que servían al molinero para averiguar la dirección del viento y determinar así la orientación de las aspas.

En 2006 fue incoada la declaración conjunta como Bien de Interés Cultural del cerro, incluyéndose los molinos y el aledaño castillo de la Muela; en febrero de 2008 se aprobaría con la categoría de «Sitio histórico».

The Consuegra windmills are a group of mills located on the so-called "Calderico Hill" in the Spanish municipality of Consuegra, in the province of Toledo, Autonomous Community of Castilla-La Mancha.

The windmills were built in the first half of the 19th century. Pascual Madoz specifically noted a total of ten flour mills in 1847 in his Geographical-Statistical-Historical Dictionary of Spain and its Overseas Possessions, although by the 18th century, two mills apparently already existed, one of which is thought to date from the 16th century. After various reconstructions carried out at different times, twelve of the thirteen mills that once crowned Calderico Hill remain in the 21st century. They are no longer used as mills and are used for tourism. The "Grinding of Peace" festival is held at the Sancho Mill on the last Saturday of October.

These mills, following the tower mill typology established in Holland between the 16th and 17th centuries, have two clearly differentiated parts: a cylindrical body or tower formed by thick whitewashed masonry walls, which constitutes the supporting element, and a rotating conical roof made of wood and zinc, which integrates the drive system, visible on the outside by the steering pole and its four rectangular blades.

Their location on Calderico Hill and the need for level ground for their construction led to the construction of a circular platform, reinforced around its perimeter by a masonry wall in the center of which the windmill rises.

In the thick enclosing wall of the mills, and facing south, there are single-leaf, lintelled doors that give access to an interior divided into three floors, paved with clay tiles and connected by a staircase attached to the wall. On the lower floor is the silo, where the ground grain was stored. On the second floor, or "chamber," is the sieve, a large sieve inside a box used to separate the flour from the bran. On the third floor, or "milling room," a room where the wall reduces its thickness, providing a larger space, is the entire machinery, the most striking element of which is the sprocket wheel. At the top of the wall, eight small windows opened, which the miller used to gauge the wind direction and thus determine the orientation of the blades.

In 2006, the hill was jointly declared a Site of Cultural Interest, including the mills and the adjacent Muela Castle; in February 2008, it was approved as a "Historic Site."

Dactylorhiza maculata subs. fuchsii (Orchidaceae) 178 22

Dactylorhiza fuchsii is a widespread and abundant orchid with a distribution throughout temperate Europe, as far east as Siberia and is a member of the large Dactylorhiza maculata group of the genus Dactylorhiza. Dactylorhiza fuchsii and Dactylorhiza maculata share a close morphological resemblance but their differing habitat choice is a key differentiation, with the latter species exclusively a plant of acidic or neutral substrates and Dactylorhiza fuchsii an orchid of alkaline soils. There are also morphological features that serve to distinguish them, among them, the more slender, pointed leaves and less centralized, more discreet lip markings of Dactylorhiza maculata. These characteristics seem to be less apparent in the central and eastern parts of their range and this greater convergence leads some botanists not to recognize any species separation.

Dactylorhiza fuchsii although exclusively tied to non acidic soils, is nonetheless tolerant of a wide range of conditions from the driest chalk grassland to marshes and from full sun to shade. Its flowers are typically pale with bold markings and it's not uncommon to find completely white examples.

Source: Orchids of Britain and Europe.

Bosa is a town and comune in the province of Oristano (until May 2005 it was in the province of Nuoro), part of the Sardinia region of Italy. Bosa is situated about two-thirds of the way up the west coast of Sardinia, on a small hill, about 3 kilometres (2 miles) inland on the north bank of the Temo River. The town has maintained a population of around 8,000 people for a significant amount of time, but has an urban character that has differentiated it from other locations in Sardinia. Agriculture and fishing play an important part in the city economy, thanks to the river valley near the coast surrounded by hills and highland plateaus.

Managing a nest is challenging and the parents are regularly making flights to catch more insects and food. Here one of them fed some food to its chicks in the nest and is back another round. They are such efficient creatures that it appears that they don't take any rest at all. I still don't know if there are any differentiating marks that can help in identifying each swift uniquely.

The shot was incredibly challenging though due to the birds highly unpredictable flight pattern. I finally managed to get a decent shot. I shot this while it flew out of its nest under the bridge.

Thanks for all your views and feedback.

American darter is a water bird of the warmer parts of the Americas. This bird is often mistaken for the double-crested cormorant due to its similar size and shape, although the two species can be differentiated by their tails and bills. The tail of the anhinga is wider and much longer than that of the cormorant. The bill of the anhinga is pointed, while the bill of the cormorant has a hook-tip.

19 Jan, 2024 Second place Winner: Beautiful Capture of Week-2 Contest of the Beautiful Capture Group; congratulations.

At Itatiaia National Park, Itatiaia, RJ, Brazil.

The Brassy-breasted tanager (Tangara dearest) is another colorful tanager ENDEMIC to Brazil and is an easy bird to identify. Its blue forehead, eyering, and brassy breast differentiate it from the Gilt-edged Tanager I posted yesterday. The Brassy-breasted tanager prefers higher elevations.

Curculio glandium is a member of the genus Curculio, which comprises seed beetles. All members of Curculio have characteristically long rostrums and ovipositors, an adaptation that specifically developed by their reliance on seeds for food and reproduction.

Male/Female differentiation can be determined using the rostrum as female's are longer. The larvae are short, and cylindrical in shape, and move by means of ridges on the underside of the body. Adults can reach a length of 4 to 8 mm.

Curculio glandium eggs are deposited in acorns by the adult weevil chewing channels into the fruit. The eggs are then released using an ovipositor, a long, narrow organ featured in female weevils. These do not reach the acorn's embryo and are healed by the plant, sealing the holes and protecting the eggs from parasites. Upon hatching, either one or two larvae consume the fruit. While they may eat the entirety of the acorn, the larvae typically do not consume the embryo itself. Curculio glandium live throughout winter in the larval stage. The larvae are freeze avoidant, preventing their internal body fluids from freezing during the winter.

Curculio glandium can pose a large risk to acorn bearing tree populations. They are highly effective at infecting acorns which can cause a widespread number of seeds to be incapable of germination, with a potential of rendering 70-90% of seeds incapable of germination.

at dawn in the wild in South Africa.

It is quite rare to see a male and female together

IUCN RED LIST STATUS: CRITICALLY ENDANGERED

Black Rhinoceros, also called Hooked-lip Rhinoceros

diceros bicornis

zwarte neushoorn of puntlipneushoorn

rhinocéros noir

Spitzmaulnashorn

rinoceronte negro o de labio ganchudo

rinoceronte nero

rinoceronte-negro

Major characteristics differentiating the Black Rhino from the Square-lipped (or White) Rhino:

* smaller (weight and height)

* no hump on the neck; also the head is shorter and held well above the ground

* has a pointed prehensile upper lip and uses it to grab leaves and twigs

* less social

* typically more temperamental

Nikon Z9 560mm f/4

Many thanks for your views, favorites and supportive comments.

All rights reserved.

Fons Buts©2025

My photos may not be used on websites, blogs or in any other media without my written and explicit permission.

One of the several species of wagtails that winter in India from Europe, central Asia and parts of China. Some of these wagtails are quite hard to distinguish and requires considerable expertise to differentiate the plumages.

The behavior of the Citrine wagtails is similar to the other wagtails, but they seemed a tad bigger to me compared to the ones we have here. And unlike the Gray wagtail or Western Yellow Wagtail, I think this is more found in grassy ground around water rather in tilled fields where the other migrants are usually found. I believe this one is in its 1st winter based on its plain grey plumage.

Thanks in advance for your views and feedback.

Consuegra, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, España.

Los molinos de Consuegra son un conjunto de molinos situados en el denominado «cerro Calderico», en el municipio español de Consuegra, en la provincia de Toledo, Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha.

Los molinos de viento fueron construidos en la primera mitad del siglo XIX. En concreto Pascual Madoz señala un total de diez molinos harineros en 1847, en su Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de Ultramar, aunque en el siglo XVIII al parecer existirían ya dos molinos, uno de ellos se piensa que es del siglo XVI. Tras las distintas reconstrucciones llevadas a cabo en diferentes épocas, se conservan en el siglo XXI doce de los trece molinos que en su día llegaron a coronar el cerro Calderico. Actualmente han dejado de realizar su función como molinos y se usan para fines turísticos, en el molino Sancho se celebra el sábado del último fin de semana de octubre "La molienda de la paz".

Estos, siguiendo la tipología del molino torre, establecida en Holanda entre los siglos XVI y XVII, presentan dos partes claramente diferenciadas: un cuerpo cilíndrico o torre formada por gruesos muros de mampostería encalada, que constituye el elemento sustentante, y una cubierta cónica giratoria de madera y cinc, que integra el conjunto motriz, manifestándose al exterior por el palo de gobierno y sus cuatro aspas rectangulares.

Su ubicación sobre el cerro Calderico y la necesidad de contar con un suelo nivelado para su edificación, determinó la construcción de una plataforma circular, reforzada en su perímetro por un muro de mampostería en el centro del cual se levanta el molino de viento.

En el grueso del muro de cerramiento de los molinos, y orientadas al sur, se abren puertas de vano adintelado, de una hoja, que dan acceso a un interior dividido en tres plantas pavimentadas con baldosa de barro y conectadas entre sí por una escalera adosada al muro. En la planta inferior, se ubica el silo, donde se almacenaba el grano molido. En la segunda planta o «camareta» se ubica el cedazo, gran tamiz dentro de un cajón para separar la harina del salvado. En la tercera planta o «moledero», estancia donde el muro reduce su espesor proporcionando un espacio de mayor amplitud, se aloja el conjunto de la maquinaria, cuyo elemento más llamativa es la rueda catalina. En la parte alta del muro se abren ocho ventanillos que servían al molinero para averiguar la dirección del viento y determinar así la orientación de las aspas.

En 2006 fue incoada la declaración conjunta como Bien de Interés Cultural del cerro, incluyéndose los molinos y el aledaño castillo de la Muela; en febrero de 2008 se aprobaría con la categoría de «Sitio histórico».

The Consuegra windmills are a group of mills located on the so-called "Calderico Hill" in the Spanish municipality of Consuegra, in the province of Toledo, Autonomous Community of Castilla-La Mancha.

The windmills were built in the first half of the 19th century. Pascual Madoz specifically noted a total of ten flour mills in 1847 in his Geographical-Statistical-Historical Dictionary of Spain and its Overseas Possessions, although by the 18th century, two mills apparently already existed, one of which is thought to date from the 16th century. After various reconstructions carried out at different times, twelve of the thirteen mills that once crowned Calderico Hill remain in the 21st century. They are no longer used as mills and are used for tourism. The "Grinding of Peace" festival is held at the Sancho Mill on the last Saturday of October.

These mills, following the tower mill typology established in Holland between the 16th and 17th centuries, have two clearly differentiated parts: a cylindrical body or tower formed by thick whitewashed masonry walls, which constitutes the supporting element, and a rotating conical roof made of wood and zinc, which integrates the drive system, visible on the outside by the steering pole and its four rectangular blades.

Their location on Calderico Hill and the need for level ground for their construction led to the construction of a circular platform, reinforced around its perimeter by a masonry wall in the center of which the windmill rises.

In the thick enclosing wall of the mills, and facing south, there are single-leaf, lintelled doors that give access to an interior divided into three floors, paved with clay tiles and connected by a staircase attached to the wall. On the lower floor is the silo, where the ground grain was stored. On the second floor, or "chamber," is the sieve, a large sieve inside a box used to separate the flour from the bran. On the third floor, or "milling room," a room where the wall reduces its thickness, providing a larger space, is the entire machinery, the most striking element of which is the sprocket wheel. At the top of the wall, eight small windows opened, which the miller used to gauge the wind direction and thus determine the orientation of the blades.

In 2006, the hill was jointly declared a Site of Cultural Interest, including the mills and the adjacent Muela Castle; in February 2008, it was approved as a "Historic Site."

I have been using B&S ferric oxalate for decades. I am currently experimenting with the production of ferric oxalate with different starting substances. The original recipe by Pizzighelli and Hübl is quite elaborate and takes a few days and moreover the yield is low.

It is still too early to evaluate the print results, but what I can already say is that the tonal values and the colour tone are different from before.

With Palladioypes, the image tone is a little cooler, the tonal value differentiation clearer, both in the highlights and in the shadows. At least with pure Palladiotypes the Dmax is not higher than when using B&S

oxalate.

Seit Jahrzehnten benutze ich das Ferric oxalat von B&S. Zur Zeit experimentiere ich mit der Herstellung von Eisen(III)-oxalat mit unterschiedlichen Ausgangs-Substanzen. Die Originalrezeptur von Pizzighelli und Hübl ist ziemlich aufwendig und dauert einige Tage, zudem ist die Ausbeute gering.

Für eine Bewertung der Printresultate ist es noch zu früh, was ich aber schon sagen kann, die Tonwerte und der Farbton sind anders als zuvor.

Bei Palladiumtypien ist der Bildton ein wenig kühler, die Tonwertdifferenzierung klarer sowohl in den Lichtern, als auch in den Schatten. Zumindest bei reinen Palladiotypes ist die Maximalschwärzung nicht höher als bei Verwendung von B&S Eisen(III)-oxalat.

Palladiotype onto Arches Platine,

Warm tone developer mix Potassium oxalate/phosphate 2+1

The Ugandan Kob is a subspecies of the kob, a type of antelope. It is found in sub-Saharan Africa in South Sudan, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Ugandan Kob is normally reddish-brown, differentiating it from other kob subspecies.

It is typically found in open or wooded savanna, within a reasonable distance of water, and it also occurs in grasslands near rivers and lakes. Its habit of lying out in open grassland make it an accessible target for poachers, and 98% of the present population are found in national parks and other protected areas.

A Ugandan Kob appears on the coat of arms of Uganda, along with a Grey Crowned Crane, representing the abundant wildlife present in the country.

Queen Elizabeth II National Park, Uganda. February 2017.

This one was mixed in with a group (also called a “curfew,” “salon”or “skein”) of Long-billed Curlews. Kind of tricky to differentiate from a distance. I find it fun to discover collective nouns for various birds and how they differ from one another. An assemblage of Whimbrels is known as a “fling,” “bind,” “time-step,” or “contradiction.”

Consuegra, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, España.

Los molinos de Consuegra son un conjunto de molinos situados en el denominado «cerro Calderico», en el municipio español de Consuegra, en la provincia de Toledo, Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha.

Los molinos de viento fueron construidos en la primera mitad del siglo XIX. En concreto Pascual Madoz señala un total de diez molinos harineros en 1847, en su Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de Ultramar, aunque en el siglo XVIII al parecer existirían ya dos molinos, uno de ellos se piensa que es del siglo XVI. Tras las distintas reconstrucciones llevadas a cabo en diferentes épocas, se conservan en el siglo XXI doce de los trece molinos que en su día llegaron a coronar el cerro Calderico. Actualmente han dejado de realizar su función como molinos y se usan para fines turísticos, en el molino Sancho se celebra el sábado del último fin de semana de octubre "La molienda de la paz".

Estos, siguiendo la tipología del molino torre, establecida en Holanda entre los siglos XVI y XVII, presentan dos partes claramente diferenciadas: un cuerpo cilíndrico o torre formada por gruesos muros de mampostería encalada, que constituye el elemento sustentante, y una cubierta cónica giratoria de madera y cinc, que integra el conjunto motriz, manifestándose al exterior por el palo de gobierno y sus cuatro aspas rectangulares.

Su ubicación sobre el cerro Calderico y la necesidad de contar con un suelo nivelado para su edificación, determinó la construcción de una plataforma circular, reforzada en su perímetro por un muro de mampostería en el centro del cual se levanta el molino de viento.

En el grueso del muro de cerramiento de los molinos, y orientadas al sur, se abren puertas de vano adintelado, de una hoja, que dan acceso a un interior dividido en tres plantas pavimentadas con baldosa de barro y conectadas entre sí por una escalera adosada al muro. En la planta inferior, se ubica el silo, donde se almacenaba el grano molido. En la segunda planta o «camareta» se ubica el cedazo, gran tamiz dentro de un cajón para separar la harina del salvado. En la tercera planta o «moledero», estancia donde el muro reduce su espesor proporcionando un espacio de mayor amplitud, se aloja el conjunto de la maquinaria, cuyo elemento más llamativa es la rueda catalina. En la parte alta del muro se abren ocho ventanillos que servían al molinero para averiguar la dirección del viento y determinar así la orientación de las aspas.

En 2006 fue incoada la declaración conjunta como Bien de Interés Cultural del cerro, incluyéndose los molinos y el aledaño castillo de la Muela; en febrero de 2008 se aprobaría con la categoría de «Sitio histórico».

The Consuegra windmills are a group of mills located on the so-called "Calderico Hill" in the Spanish municipality of Consuegra, in the province of Toledo, Autonomous Community of Castilla-La Mancha.

The windmills were built in the first half of the 19th century. Pascual Madoz specifically noted a total of ten flour mills in 1847 in his Geographical-Statistical-Historical Dictionary of Spain and its Overseas Possessions, although by the 18th century, two mills apparently already existed, one of which is thought to date from the 16th century. After various reconstructions carried out at different times, twelve of the thirteen mills that once crowned Calderico Hill remain in the 21st century. They are no longer used as mills and are used for tourism. The "Grinding of Peace" festival is held at the Sancho Mill on the last Saturday of October.

These mills, following the tower mill typology established in Holland between the 16th and 17th centuries, have two clearly differentiated parts: a cylindrical body or tower formed by thick whitewashed masonry walls, which constitutes the supporting element, and a rotating conical roof made of wood and zinc, which integrates the drive system, visible on the outside by the steering pole and its four rectangular blades.

Their location on Calderico Hill and the need for level ground for their construction led to the construction of a circular platform, reinforced around its perimeter by a masonry wall in the center of which the windmill rises.

In the thick enclosing wall of the mills, and facing south, there are single-leaf, lintelled doors that give access to an interior divided into three floors, paved with clay tiles and connected by a staircase attached to the wall. On the lower floor is the silo, where the ground grain was stored. On the second floor, or "chamber," is the sieve, a large sieve inside a box used to separate the flour from the bran. On the third floor, or "milling room," a room where the wall reduces its thickness, providing a larger space, is the entire machinery, the most striking element of which is the sprocket wheel. At the top of the wall, eight small windows opened, which the miller used to gauge the wind direction and thus determine the orientation of the blades.

In 2006, the hill was jointly declared a Site of Cultural Interest, including the mills and the adjacent Muela Castle; in February 2008, it was approved as a "Historic Site."

Consuegra, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, España.

Los molinos de Consuegra son un conjunto de molinos situados en el denominado «cerro Calderico», en el municipio español de Consuegra, en la provincia de Toledo, Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha.

Los molinos de viento fueron construidos en la primera mitad del siglo XIX. En concreto Pascual Madoz señala un total de diez molinos harineros en 1847, en su Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de Ultramar, aunque en el siglo XVIII al parecer existirían ya dos molinos, uno de ellos se piensa que es del siglo XVI. Tras las distintas reconstrucciones llevadas a cabo en diferentes épocas, se conservan en el siglo XXI doce de los trece molinos que en su día llegaron a coronar el cerro Calderico. Actualmente han dejado de realizar su función como molinos y se usan para fines turísticos, en el molino Sancho se celebra el sábado del último fin de semana de octubre "La molienda de la paz".

Estos, siguiendo la tipología del molino torre, establecida en Holanda entre los siglos XVI y XVII, presentan dos partes claramente diferenciadas: un cuerpo cilíndrico o torre formada por gruesos muros de mampostería encalada, que constituye el elemento sustentante, y una cubierta cónica giratoria de madera y cinc, que integra el conjunto motriz, manifestándose al exterior por el palo de gobierno y sus cuatro aspas rectangulares.

Su ubicación sobre el cerro Calderico y la necesidad de contar con un suelo nivelado para su edificación, determinó la construcción de una plataforma circular, reforzada en su perímetro por un muro de mampostería en el centro del cual se levanta el molino de viento.

En el grueso del muro de cerramiento de los molinos, y orientadas al sur, se abren puertas de vano adintelado, de una hoja, que dan acceso a un interior dividido en tres plantas pavimentadas con baldosa de barro y conectadas entre sí por una escalera adosada al muro. En la planta inferior, se ubica el silo, donde se almacenaba el grano molido. En la segunda planta o «camareta» se ubica el cedazo, gran tamiz dentro de un cajón para separar la harina del salvado. En la tercera planta o «moledero», estancia donde el muro reduce su espesor proporcionando un espacio de mayor amplitud, se aloja el conjunto de la maquinaria, cuyo elemento más llamativa es la rueda catalina. En la parte alta del muro se abren ocho ventanillos que servían al molinero para averiguar la dirección del viento y determinar así la orientación de las aspas.

En 2006 fue incoada la declaración conjunta como Bien de Interés Cultural del cerro, incluyéndose los molinos y el aledaño castillo de la Muela; en febrero de 2008 se aprobaría con la categoría de «Sitio histórico».

The Consuegra windmills are a group of mills located on the so-called "Calderico Hill" in the Spanish municipality of Consuegra, in the province of Toledo, Autonomous Community of Castilla-La Mancha.

The windmills were built in the first half of the 19th century. Pascual Madoz specifically noted a total of ten flour mills in 1847 in his Geographical-Statistical-Historical Dictionary of Spain and its Overseas Possessions, although by the 18th century, two mills apparently already existed, one of which is thought to date from the 16th century. After various reconstructions carried out at different times, twelve of the thirteen mills that once crowned Calderico Hill remain in the 21st century. They are no longer used as mills and are used for tourism. The "Grinding of Peace" festival is held at the Sancho Mill on the last Saturday of October.

These mills, following the tower mill typology established in Holland between the 16th and 17th centuries, have two clearly differentiated parts: a cylindrical body or tower formed by thick whitewashed masonry walls, which constitutes the supporting element, and a rotating conical roof made of wood and zinc, which integrates the drive system, visible on the outside by the steering pole and its four rectangular blades.

Their location on Calderico Hill and the need for level ground for their construction led to the construction of a circular platform, reinforced around its perimeter by a masonry wall in the center of which the windmill rises.

In the thick enclosing wall of the mills, and facing south, there are single-leaf, lintelled doors that give access to an interior divided into three floors, paved with clay tiles and connected by a staircase attached to the wall. On the lower floor is the silo, where the ground grain was stored. On the second floor, or "chamber," is the sieve, a large sieve inside a box used to separate the flour from the bran. On the third floor, or "milling room," a room where the wall reduces its thickness, providing a larger space, is the entire machinery, the most striking element of which is the sprocket wheel. At the top of the wall, eight small windows opened, which the miller used to gauge the wind direction and thus determine the orientation of the blades.

In 2006, the hill was jointly declared a Site of Cultural Interest, including the mills and the adjacent Muela Castle; in February 2008, it was approved as a "Historic Site."

For a peaceful International Jaguar Day! International Jaguar Day - 29 November 2022.

Fast facts:

- The jaguar is the largest carnivore and only big cat in Latin America, encompassing 18 countries from Mexico to Argentina.

- As a “Near Threatened” species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the jaguar is extinct in El Salvador and Uruguay, and facing pressure in remaining range countries.

- Jaguars have experienced over 50% loss in its natural habitat range.

- Jaguars are often mistaken for leopards, but can be differentiated due to the spots within the rosettes on their coats.

- While many cats avoid water, jaguars are great swimmers, and have even been known to swim the Panama Canal.

- The jaguar has been identified as one species across its entire range, making the connection and protection of its habitat critical for the species’ genetic diversity.

(www.internationaljaguarday.org)

Thanks a lot for your visits, comments, faves, invites, etc. Very much appreciated!

© All my images are protected under international authors copyright laws and may not be downloaded, reproduced, copied, transmitted or manipulated without my written explicit permission. All rights reserved. Please contact me at thelma.gatuzzo@gmail.com if you intend to buy or use any of my images.

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Consuegra, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, España.

Los molinos de Consuegra son un conjunto de molinos situados en el denominado «cerro Calderico», en el municipio español de Consuegra, en la provincia de Toledo, Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha.

Los molinos de viento fueron construidos en la primera mitad del siglo XIX. En concreto Pascual Madoz señala un total de diez molinos harineros en 1847, en su Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de Ultramar, aunque en el siglo XVIII al parecer existirían ya dos molinos, uno de ellos se piensa que es del siglo XVI. Tras las distintas reconstrucciones llevadas a cabo en diferentes épocas, se conservan en el siglo XXI doce de los trece molinos que en su día llegaron a coronar el cerro Calderico. Actualmente han dejado de realizar su función como molinos y se usan para fines turísticos, en el molino Sancho se celebra el sábado del último fin de semana de octubre "La molienda de la paz".

Estos, siguiendo la tipología del molino torre, establecida en Holanda entre los siglos XVI y XVII, presentan dos partes claramente diferenciadas: un cuerpo cilíndrico o torre formada por gruesos muros de mampostería encalada, que constituye el elemento sustentante, y una cubierta cónica giratoria de madera y cinc, que integra el conjunto motriz, manifestándose al exterior por el palo de gobierno y sus cuatro aspas rectangulares.

Su ubicación sobre el cerro Calderico y la necesidad de contar con un suelo nivelado para su edificación, determinó la construcción de una plataforma circular, reforzada en su perímetro por un muro de mampostería en el centro del cual se levanta el molino de viento.

En el grueso del muro de cerramiento de los molinos, y orientadas al sur, se abren puertas de vano adintelado, de una hoja, que dan acceso a un interior dividido en tres plantas pavimentadas con baldosa de barro y conectadas entre sí por una escalera adosada al muro. En la planta inferior, se ubica el silo, donde se almacenaba el grano molido. En la segunda planta o «camareta» se ubica el cedazo, gran tamiz dentro de un cajón para separar la harina del salvado. En la tercera planta o «moledero», estancia donde el muro reduce su espesor proporcionando un espacio de mayor amplitud, se aloja el conjunto de la maquinaria, cuyo elemento más llamativa es la rueda catalina. En la parte alta del muro se abren ocho ventanillos que servían al molinero para averiguar la dirección del viento y determinar así la orientación de las aspas.

En 2006 fue incoada la declaración conjunta como Bien de Interés Cultural del cerro, incluyéndose los molinos y el aledaño castillo de la Muela; en febrero de 2008 se aprobaría con la categoría de «Sitio histórico».

The Consuegra windmills are a group of mills located on the so-called "Calderico Hill" in the Spanish municipality of Consuegra, in the province of Toledo, Autonomous Community of Castilla-La Mancha.

The windmills were built in the first half of the 19th century. Pascual Madoz specifically noted a total of ten flour mills in 1847 in his Geographical-Statistical-Historical Dictionary of Spain and its Overseas Possessions, although by the 18th century, two mills apparently already existed, one of which is thought to date from the 16th century. After various reconstructions carried out at different times, twelve of the thirteen mills that once crowned Calderico Hill remain in the 21st century. They are no longer used as mills and are used for tourism. The "Grinding of Peace" festival is held at the Sancho Mill on the last Saturday of October.

These mills, following the tower mill typology established in Holland between the 16th and 17th centuries, have two clearly differentiated parts: a cylindrical body or tower formed by thick whitewashed masonry walls, which constitutes the supporting element, and a rotating conical roof made of wood and zinc, which integrates the drive system, visible on the outside by the steering pole and its four rectangular blades.

Their location on Calderico Hill and the need for level ground for their construction led to the construction of a circular platform, reinforced around its perimeter by a masonry wall in the center of which the windmill rises.

In the thick enclosing wall of the mills, and facing south, there are single-leaf, lintelled doors that give access to an interior divided into three floors, paved with clay tiles and connected by a staircase attached to the wall. On the lower floor is the silo, where the ground grain was stored. On the second floor, or "chamber," is the sieve, a large sieve inside a box used to separate the flour from the bran. On the third floor, or "milling room," a room where the wall reduces its thickness, providing a larger space, is the entire machinery, the most striking element of which is the sprocket wheel. At the top of the wall, eight small windows opened, which the miller used to gauge the wind direction and thus determine the orientation of the blades.

In 2006, the hill was jointly declared a Site of Cultural Interest, including the mills and the adjacent Muela Castle; in February 2008, it was approved as a "Historic Site."

Golden-chevroned Tanager/ Sanhaço-de-encontro-amarelo (also known as Sanhaço-rei) is a passerine bird in the Thraupidae family.

Scientific name

Its scientific name means: do (Gr.) Thraupis = small bird; and from (Latin) ornata, ornare = with adornment, adorned, ornamented, ornate. ⇒ Small ornate bird.

Species easily identifiable by its dark blue-gray color and yellow upper wing coverts, well differentiating itself from other tanager species.

It measures about 18 cm and weighs 43 grams. Species without sexual dimorphism.

Consuegra, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, España.

Los molinos de Consuegra son un conjunto de molinos situados en el denominado «cerro Calderico», en el municipio español de Consuegra, en la provincia de Toledo, Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha.

Los molinos de viento fueron construidos en la primera mitad del siglo XIX. En concreto Pascual Madoz señala un total de diez molinos harineros en 1847, en su Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de Ultramar, aunque en el siglo XVIII al parecer existirían ya dos molinos, uno de ellos se piensa que es del siglo XVI. Tras las distintas reconstrucciones llevadas a cabo en diferentes épocas, se conservan en el siglo XXI doce de los trece molinos que en su día llegaron a coronar el cerro Calderico. Actualmente han dejado de realizar su función como molinos y se usan para fines turísticos, en el molino Sancho se celebra el sábado del último fin de semana de octubre "La molienda de la paz".

Estos, siguiendo la tipología del molino torre, establecida en Holanda entre los siglos XVI y XVII, presentan dos partes claramente diferenciadas: un cuerpo cilíndrico o torre formada por gruesos muros de mampostería encalada, que constituye el elemento sustentante, y una cubierta cónica giratoria de madera y cinc, que integra el conjunto motriz, manifestándose al exterior por el palo de gobierno y sus cuatro aspas rectangulares.

Su ubicación sobre el cerro Calderico y la necesidad de contar con un suelo nivelado para su edificación, determinó la construcción de una plataforma circular, reforzada en su perímetro por un muro de mampostería en el centro del cual se levanta el molino de viento.

En el grueso del muro de cerramiento de los molinos, y orientadas al sur, se abren puertas de vano adintelado, de una hoja, que dan acceso a un interior dividido en tres plantas pavimentadas con baldosa de barro y conectadas entre sí por una escalera adosada al muro. En la planta inferior, se ubica el silo, donde se almacenaba el grano molido. En la segunda planta o «camareta» se ubica el cedazo, gran tamiz dentro de un cajón para separar la harina del salvado. En la tercera planta o «moledero», estancia donde el muro reduce su espesor proporcionando un espacio de mayor amplitud, se aloja el conjunto de la maquinaria, cuyo elemento más llamativa es la rueda catalina. En la parte alta del muro se abren ocho ventanillos que servían al molinero para averiguar la dirección del viento y determinar así la orientación de las aspas.

En 2006 fue incoada la declaración conjunta como Bien de Interés Cultural del cerro, incluyéndose los molinos y el aledaño castillo de la Muela; en febrero de 2008 se aprobaría con la categoría de «Sitio histórico».

The Consuegra windmills are a group of mills located on the so-called "Calderico Hill" in the Spanish municipality of Consuegra, in the province of Toledo, Autonomous Community of Castilla-La Mancha.

The windmills were built in the first half of the 19th century. Pascual Madoz specifically noted a total of ten flour mills in 1847 in his Geographical-Statistical-Historical Dictionary of Spain and its Overseas Possessions, although by the 18th century, two mills apparently already existed, one of which is thought to date from the 16th century. After various reconstructions carried out at different times, twelve of the thirteen mills that once crowned Calderico Hill remain in the 21st century. They are no longer used as mills and are used for tourism. The "Grinding of Peace" festival is held at the Sancho Mill on the last Saturday of October.

These mills, following the tower mill typology established in Holland between the 16th and 17th centuries, have two clearly differentiated parts: a cylindrical body or tower formed by thick whitewashed masonry walls, which constitutes the supporting element, and a rotating conical roof made of wood and zinc, which integrates the drive system, visible on the outside by the steering pole and its four rectangular blades.

Their location on Calderico Hill and the need for level ground for their construction led to the construction of a circular platform, reinforced around its perimeter by a masonry wall in the center of which the windmill rises.

In the thick enclosing wall of the mills, and facing south, there are single-leaf, lintelled doors that give access to an interior divided into three floors, paved with clay tiles and connected by a staircase attached to the wall. On the lower floor is the silo, where the ground grain was stored. On the second floor, or "chamber," is the sieve, a large sieve inside a box used to separate the flour from the bran. On the third floor, or "milling room," a room where the wall reduces its thickness, providing a larger space, is the entire machinery, the most striking element of which is the sprocket wheel. At the top of the wall, eight small windows opened, which the miller used to gauge the wind direction and thus determine the orientation of the blades.

In 2006, the hill was jointly declared a Site of Cultural Interest, including the mills and the adjacent Muela Castle; in February 2008, it was approved as a "Historic Site."

A resident Indian bird not common, but sighted occasionally in wooded and forest areas. The bird is endemic to Southern India and is also thought to locally migrate between various habitats.

This bird is a member of the Thrush Family and looks exactly similar to the Tickell's Thrush (rarer for us) and confusion prevails on sighting since they both share the same habitat and even behaviours. But these birds have a distinct eye-ring with a patch of orange post-orbital skin, and orange feet which differentiates them from the Thrushes. Both the species are often found on the forest ground usually throughout the day around wet soggy areas, walking and looking for insects. Early in the mornings, they tend to be seen on high perches like this one. I am quite happy with this shot of the male since I didn't have one before.

Many thanks in advance for your views and feedback. Much appreciated.

you can use your experiences, your knowledge and your fantasy, to... put in your own colours :-)

Anders Petersen

fyi...the human eye can differentiate more shades of gray than it can colors

Ukraine Matters!

Loebner magnolia, 'Ballerina', j c raulston arboretum, ncsu, raleigh, north carolina

Jaguar - endangered species and unfortunately still hunt by some imbeciles.

Fast facts:

- The jaguar is the largest carnivore and only big cat in Latin America, encompassing 18 countries from Mexico to Argentina.

- As a “Near Threatened” species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the jaguar is extinct in El Salvador and Uruguay, and facing pressure in remaining range countries.

- Jaguars have experienced over 50% loss in its natural habitat range.

- Jaguars are often mistaken for leopards, but can be differentiated due to the spots within the rosettes on their coats.

- While many cats avoid water, jaguars are great swimmers, and have even been known to swim the Panama Canal.

- The jaguar has been identified as one species across its entire range, making the connection and protection of its habitat critical for the species’ genetic diversity.

Have a peaceful Caturday!

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Leptidea sinapis, or the wood white butterfly of the family Pieridae, is a small white butterfly that is mainly found in England, Ireland, and Northern Europe.

Wing span 35–44 mm (1.38–1.73 in.).

-Wing upper side,white, forewing tip grey (female) or black (male)

-Wing underside,light yellow, green and grey patches.

-Habitat: Forest edges and clearings. jag

Flying time,early May–late June. Second generation possible (July–August). -There are three subfamilies of the Whites and yellows (Pieridae) in Finland. The Mimic sulphurs (Dismorphiinae) contains two species, the better known of which is wood white. The two other Pieridae subfamilies are the Whites (Pierinae) and the Sulphurs (Coliadinae).

The wood white is common in southern and central Finland and can be found here and there in Lapland. It usually rests with its wings against each other, so the upper surface is difficult to study without taking the butterfly in one’s hands. Its long, round-tipped wings and slow, fluttering flying style are characteristic properties of the species. The males fly around looking for females. Females lay their eggs one by one among the leaves that will be the caterpillar’s foodplant. The species is very difficult to differentiate from its close relative, the cryptic wood white .Luontoportti.fi -Leptidea sinapis, or the wood white butterfly of the family Pieridae, is mainly found in England, Ireland, and Northern Europe. Wikipedia

The Amaryllis Hermitage, has conical, large, beautiful, red-orange flowers with white stripes.

Dutch variety created in 1995 to compete with the popular Minerva. The two are very similar, but the 'Hermitage has less contrast, the "red and white" flowers are marked with a shade of reddish orange and the Minerva more red or pure bright orange.

The shape of the flower is what differentiates the most, the general impression is that the flower has a somewhat square or geometric quality.

Its foliage is also quite ornamental.

Hello friends, you will visit Sicily with me, the next two weeks? = O)

Last summer's trip, Sicily is a land full of beauty and contrasts, contrasts that I want to differentiate in two parts, the first with photos of the most tourist sites and the second is a look of a most quotidian life in your streets.

Welcome to my series "La Sicilia è ..."

Have a nice day!!

Part of a flock of around 300.

I am calling these long-billed Dowitchers because while they were feeding, they were giving off a constant soft chattering sound. According to Sibley, this is a good field sign as Short-billed Dowitchers are silent while they feed. We do see mixed flocks at this time of year though, and the two species can be hard to differentiate.

A Merlin zoomed in and put the flock to flight for awhile.

Beaver County, Alberta.

Photo by Andy

There are sadly very few places where you can reliably find tree sparrows these days, following a catastrophic decline in numbers in the last 30-40 years. Fortunately the West Midland Bird Club reserve at Belvide Reservoir supports a small population that can be seen regularly visiting feeders, affording a great view from the comfort of a hide.

The lovely chestnut brown cap and cheek spots make them easy to differentiate from their more familiar cousin the house sparrow.

On a dull day, I got lucky when a gap in the clouds bringing a brief moment of sunshine coincided with this beautiful bird perching on a twig close to the hide we were sitting in.

Yellow Crowned Night Heron

Along the Atlantic Ocean

Explored

There were actually a pair with a juvenile - I'll post a full body photo below in the comments - you can see the ocean in the background in that photo.

From 'Birdist Rule #115: Learn to Identify and Differentiate Night-Herons' by Nicholas Lund -

Their name makes them sound like a team of minor-league Marvel superheroes: The Night-Herons! They sit motionless in the shadows, not making a sound. They wait for unsuspecting criminals to come close, and then they . . . STRIKE!

I dunno. Maybe waiting around for criminals to walk by isn’t the most impressive super power. It is a great way to catch fish, though, and it’s a technique employed by these very cool birds you might have seen around but weren’t sure how to identify.

Our two species of night-heron, the Black-crowned Night-Heron and the Yellow-crowned Night-Heron, belong to a family of large wading birds that also includes the familiar Great Blue Heron and the cryptic bitterns. Each of these birds feeds in about the same way: hanging around in shallow waters looking to snap up little fish and other goodies. But our birds differ slightly from their cousins. How? Here’s a hint: The people who name birds aren’t always that creative. That’s right: Night-herons are primarily active at night.

And it’s for this reason that you might not be familiar with them, though one could easily live nearby. Black-crowned Night-Herons are the more widespread of the two species, living full-time on both coasts and spending the breeding season throughout the lower 48 states. The Yellow-crowned Night-Heron is more restricted, found year-round only in Florida and in parts of the Southeast while breeding.

Luckily, adult birds of the two species are very easy to tell apart. The stature of both looks pretty much the same—shorter and stockier than other herons—but the coloring on the bodies and the head (especially the head) is where the ID is made. Black-crowned Night-Herons have a white body and face, gray wings, and a blueish-black crown and back. Yellow-crowned Night-Herons have gray bodies, black cheeks, and—you guessed it—a yellow crown on their head. Remember what I said about people not always being creative with names?

Back to your photographer - and now we know there is a night heron in Australia - theirs is called the Nankeen Night-heron because its main colour is ... yep, that tan/cinnamon shade called nankeen. (They have a Nankeen Kestrel too.)

One day too late, but I hope it will still help to raise awareness for the need of survival of these fantastic cats!

Jaguars (Panthera onca) are the only member of the Panthera family to be found in the Americas.

Jaguars consume a diet of meat and fish, and their prey includes caimans!

(www.internationaljaguarday.org)

Jaguar (Panthera onca), São Lourenço River, Pantanal, MT, Brazil

Adult Roesel's bush-crickets are medium-sized Tettigoniid between 13–26 mm in length. They are normally brown or yellow, often with a greenish shade and a rarer green form also sometimes occurs. An identifying feature is the yellow-green spots along the abdomen, just behind the pronotum, along with a matching margin along the border of the pronotum. This margin is entire, unlike the bog bush-cricket.

Males and females can be easily differentiated, as the females have a long sword-like ovipositor at the end of their abdomen, which the males lack.

Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. fuchsii (Orchidaceae) 174 23

Dactylorhiza fuchsii is a widespread and abundant orchid with a distribution throughout temperate Europe, as far east as Siberia and is a member of the large Dactylorhiza maculata group of the genus Dactylorhiza. Dactylorhiza fuchsii and Dactylorhiza maculata share a close morphological resemblance but their differing habitat choice is a key differentiation, with the latter species exclusively a plant of acidic or neutral substrates and Dactylorhiza fuchsii an orchid of alkaline soils. There are also morphological features that serve to distinguish them, among them, the more slender, pointed leaves and less centralized, more discreet lip markings of Dactylorhiza maculata. These characteristics seem to be less apparent in the central and eastern parts of their range and this greater convergence leads some botanists not to recognize any species separation.

Dactylorhiza fuchsii although exclusively tied to non acidic soils, is nonetheless tolerant of a wide range of conditions from the driest chalk grassland to marshes and from full sun to shade. Its flowers are typically pale with bold markings and it's not uncommon to find completely white examples.

Source: Orchids of Britain and Europe.

Hobart is the capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. With a population of approximately 240,342 (over 45% of Tasmania's population), it is the least populated Australian state capital city, and second smallest if territories are taken into account (after Darwin, Northern Territory). The city is located in the state's south-east on the estuary of the River Derwent, making it the most southern of Australia's capital cities. Its skyline is dominated by the 1,271-metre Mount Wellington, and its harbour forms the second-deepest natural port in the world, with much of the city's waterfront consisting of reclaimed land. The metropolitan area is often referred to as Greater Hobart, to differentiate it from the City of Hobart, one of the five local government areas that cover the city. Founded in 1804 as a British penal colony, Hobart is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney, New South Wales. 30122

I had the pleasure of photographing many times this butterfly, Calmly and very slowly was stretching its wings to enjoy the sun rays, and from time to time was flying to different spots not too difficult for me to follow.

When I started my photography I had a hard time differentiating the Monarch from this one, the Viceroy, I guess the very similar color was the reason of my confusion.

Macro photography is so enjoyable, the detail we see on flora and fauna is simply amazing. Little faces, little petals, tiny feathers, they are simply wonderful.

If you want to know more about this and other butterflies, this is a very good place to start:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viceroy_(butterfly)

Photography is really the description of what we see every time we capture something with our camera.

www.youtube.com/results?search_query=looking+through+your...

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Photography is my passion, and nature photography is my favorite.

I have been in Explore for more that a hundred times, and it is an awesome experience to have your photos showcased in such a special way.

I'm in many groups, and I only add my photos to them if they are not private.

I thank your for coming today, for leaving a comment, and make a favorite of yours this photo, (if that is the case) thanks again!

The best part of this forum is the contacts and friends that I have made over the years, that have the same passion for this art that is called photography!

Martha.