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Father and son looking at Tyrannosaurus and Triceratops. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History - David H. Koch Hall of Fossils. (2/8/2020)
Taking a look back into deep time with this belemnite fossil from the Jurassic period I found some months ago.
For #FlickrFriday #LookBack theme and "Looking close... on Friday!" theme "A Single Stone"
Impressive Mammoth skeleton. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History - David H. Koch Hall of Fossils. (2/8/2020)
2021
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detail from "'A Pictorial Chart of Daniel's Visions' arranged and published by J. V. Himes, 14 Devonshire St. Boston" Joshua Vaughan Himes (1805-1895) 1886
Larkin and Russo have fun with seeing what the continents used to look like in this interactive display. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History - David H. Koch Hall of Fossils. (2/8/2020)
near Duntulm Castle, Isle of Skye. These were only recently discovered (2015). I had downloaded a scientific article from a journal which gave details on how to find these tracks. When we were there we saw a man and his son and mentioned to them about the tracks and the man said "I know, I discovered them...". Turns out he was one of the authors of the article I had with me. (I think he was pleased I had used the article to find the footprints). He took the time to show me some other less obvious footprints and said that these tracks in the photo were made by a long-necked sauropod (as big as a double decker bus) about 65 million years ago when Skye was located in a tropical lagoon. It was a strange feeling to stand on this exact spot and think that all those years ago this huge animal stood here and walked off towards the horizon.
This narrow hoodoo spire rises from the badlands like a frozen flame, its form shaped by differential erosion acting on soft, fine-grained Cretaceous sediments. Wind abrasion, rare but intense rainfall, and repeated freeze–thaw cycles have slowly pared the surrounding material away, leaving behind a remnant where slightly harder layers resisted destruction just long enough to stand alone. It is a temporary monument, balanced between persistence and inevitable collapse.
Above it, the Milky Way’s dense star fields and dust lanes arc across the sky, visible here because of the extreme darkness of the De-Na-Zin Wilderness. The bright core marks the direction toward the center of our galaxy, roughly 26,000 light-years away, its light traveling for tens of millennia before reaching this isolated desert plain. The juxtaposition compresses two very different scales of time: rock formed from sediments laid down when dinosaurs roamed this region, and starlight that began its journey long before humans existed.
Standing in the silence, with only wind moving across the clay and sand, the hoodoo feels less like an object and more like a pointer, quietly connecting Earth’s slow, granular erosion with the vast, ongoing dynamics of the cosmos. It is a reminder that even the most fragile stone column is part of a universe measured in both grains of sediment and billions of years.
Photo © copyright by Matt Payne.
Today we have been setting some natural history context for the story of "The First Tasmanians". This is a permanent exhibition at the QVMAG in Launceston. An exhibition curated by the museum and art gallery in conjunction with the Aboriginal community.
www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/Exhibitions/Permanent/The-First-Tasm...
Over the next two days we'll look at some of the specific cultural aspects.
The little machine pictured above allows the viewer to watch a simulation of how the landscape of Tasmania has changed over the last 50,000 years - not long before the first people arrived. This is deep time, prehistory, before we even begin to have oral history.
[Enlarge the photograph and you should be able to read the display.]
Released: 04.01.22
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2023
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The largest and brightest region of star formation in the Local Group of galaxies, including the Milky Way, is called 30 Doradus (or, informally, the Tarantula Nebula). Located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a small neighbor galaxy to the Milky Way, 30 Doradus has long been studied by astronomers who want to better understand how stars like the Sun are born and evolve.
NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory has frequently looked at 30 Doradus over the lifetime of the mission, often under the direction of Dr. Leisa Townsley who passed away in the summer of 2022. These data will continue to be collected and analyzed, providing opportunities for scientists both now and in the future to learn more about star formation and its related processes.
This new composite image combines the X-ray data from Chandra observations of 30 Doradus with an infrared image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope that was released in the fall of 2022. The X-rays (royal blue and purple) reveal gas that has been heated to millions of degrees by shock waves — similar to sonic booms from airplanes — generated by the winds from massive stars. The Chandra data also identify the remains of supernova explosions, which will ultimately send important elements such as oxygen and carbon into space where they will become part of the next generation of stars.
The infrared data from JWST (red, orange, green, and light blue) show spectacular canvases of cooler gas that provide the raw ingredients for future stars. JWST’s view also reveals “protostars,” that is, stars in their infancy, just igniting their stellar engines. The chemical composition of 30 Doradus is different from most of the nebulas found in the Milky Way. Instead it represents the conditions in our galaxy that existed several billion years ago when stars were forming at a much faster pace than astronomers see today. This, combined with its relative proximity and brightness, means that 30 Doradus provides scientists with an opportunity to learn more about how stars formed in our galaxy in the distant past.
NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center manages the Chandra program. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory’s Chandra X-ray Center controls science operations from Cambridge, Massachusetts, and flight operations from Burlington, Massachusetts.
The James Webb Space Telescope is the world’s premier space science observatory. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.
2022
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You can read a lot in the landscape. That's not the first time I've said that in this forum. And you know, for all of our efforts, the terrain still guides our travels, and the underlying geology shapes the terrain.
At the left, with its tower is Black Mountain, whose eponymous Sandstone has its scraps in Parliament House's undercroft. Over its shoulder is Mount Ainslie; the eroded core on an ancient volcano. The hard bits stick out, and stay like that for a long time.
Under that big wet patch is the Molonglo River which once meandered across the legendary Limestone Plains; a sheep farm spoiled by whatever it is that's down there now. Its water are held back by a barrage, down there in the right. It's unnatural. Before that, it guided feet here, onto that plain for the annual meet, greet and moth feast.
Whatever that thing on the plain is, it was planned, sort of. At about 1 o'clock there was a plan to construct a factory. A geophysical survey — wisely done as it would transpire — discovered a honeycomb of caves in that limestone. Banished further into the sheep paddock, that, ahem, planned factory site, remains as a grassy slope.
If we turned around — we won't, it's unattractive — we'd see another unavoidable reality of the terrain. The valleys of the Cotter, Molonglo and Murrumbidgee Rivers unite, as they do, in the low places. They follow joins between rock types; and great faults that pass this way too. Behind them are towering ridges, and between here and there valleys rise up and narrow inexorably onto the aforementioned plain. One thing leads to another.
This place ignores "being in the moment". Residing instead in deep time, its shoulder shrug off today. Sediment cores from Lake George/Weereewa are spiced with charcoal and the palynological evidence that the past climax, but fire sensitive, cover of Casuarina trees was replaced by more resilient Eucalyptus as the land dried and readied to burn.
Just a blink of an eye ago, in 1939, a lightning strike lit up the mountains; quite literally. The track that took me to Mount Aggie was then known as the Border Break. Of course, it was folly. The fire stepped over it like it was a chalk line on the pavement. Those tapering valleys funneled that conflagration in this direction. Not crowded then by people, and those people not cowed by the task to quell a blaze, it was stopped before it set alight to the nascent city.
Roll forward to 1952. It happened again, only this time they mobilised the public servants from their offices and beat the thing to death… As we have become more aware and enlightened, in 2003 they let the red steer have its head, burnt the forest, burnt the 'burbs and burnt this hill. Something happened to slow the fire: the hard structures of fences, roads and houses.
We aren't looking to the west, where the weather is created by the spin of our little rock and the rise of the land, because the forest is being replaced by the very things that society doesn't want to burn, but ironically, the very things that slow the rapid progress of fire.
You already know what comes next! The terrain, for all that building, remains unchanged. Fire will come again, the wind will come from the west and those suburbs, not there before, will be on the fire front so much earlier. I'm almost laughing out loud! The very thing that destroyed the forest and led to a new arboretum here at our feet, will bump into a more resistant foe. These trees will be safer from the human folly that will put the people closer to the threat; opposite to the policy that let it born in 2003! One thing leads to another!!
Powerful gushers of energy from seething stars can sculpt eerie-looking figures with long flowing veils of gas and dust. One striking example is "the Ghost of Cassiopeia," officially known as IC 63, located 550 light-years away in the constellation Cassiopeia the Queen.
The nebula’s ethereal glow might remind people of apparitions such as those reported by paranormal investigators. In reality, it's simply hydrogen that is being bombarded with ultraviolet radiation from the nearby, blue-giant star Gamma Cassiopeiae (not seen here), causing it to glow in red light. The blue color is from light reflected off of the nebula’s dust.
The IC 63 nebula is not the only object under the influence of the blinding star, which unleashes as much energy as 34,000 suns. The Ghost Nebula is part of a much larger nebulous region surrounding Gamma Cassiopeiae that measures approximately two degrees on the sky — roughly four times as wide as the full Moon.
The constellation Cassiopeia is visible every clear night from mid-northern and higher latitudes. Its distinctive "W" asterism, which forms the queen's throne, is best seen high in the sky on autumn and winter evenings. Gamma Cassiopeiae, the middle star in the W, is visible to the unaided eye, but a large telescope is needed to see IC 63.
Hubble photographed IC 63 in August 2016.
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and ESA (European Space Agency). NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the telescope. The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland, conducts Hubble science operations. STScI is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, in Washington, D.C.
Using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, astronomers have identified the new record-holder for the smallest object that forms like a star: a tiny, free-floating brown dwarf with only three to four times the mass of Jupiter. A paper describing the observations appears today (Dec. 13) in the Astronomical Journal.
Brown dwarfs are objects that straddle the dividing line between stars and planets. They form like stars, growing dense enough to collapse under their own gravity, but they never become dense and hot enough to begin fusing hydrogen and turn into a star. Planets, on the other hand, form in the disk of gas and dust that surrounds a star. At the low end of the scale, some brown dwarfs are comparable with giant planets, weighing just a few times the mass of Jupiter.
“One basic question you’ll find in every astronomy textbook is, ‘what are the smallest stars?’” said Kevin Luhman, professor of astronomy and astrophysics in the Penn State Eberly College of Science, the lead author of the study. “That’s what we’re trying to answer.”
To locate this newfound brown dwarf, Luhman and his colleague, Catarina Alves de Oliveira of the European Space Agency, chose to study the star cluster IC 348, located about 1,000 light-years away in the Perseus star-forming region. This cluster is young, only about 5 million years old. As a result, any brown dwarfs would still be relatively bright in infrared light, glowing from the heat of their formation.
The team first imaged the center of the cluster using Webb’s near-infrared camera (NIRCam) to identify brown dwarf candidates from their brightness and colors. They followed up on the most promising targets using Webb’s near-infrared spectrograph (NIRSpec) microshutter array.
This image of the massive galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 was part of the Hubble Space Telescope's Frontier Fields project, which combined the power of natural "gravitational lenses" in space with Hubble's ability to create long-exposure deep field images. Gravitational lenses occur when the immense gravity of massive galaxy clusters magnifies and distorts the light from objects behind them. This makes it possible to see objects far beyond the reach of normal telescopes. In this case, joint observations of this cluster by Hubble and the Spitzer Space Telescope revealed an extremely distant galaxy that would have existed about 400 million years after the Big Bang. Astronomers nicknamed the galaxy Tayna, which means "first-born" in Aymara, a language spoken in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America. Tayna represents a smaller, fainter class of newly forming galaxies that had previously evaded detection, and which were thought to be more representative of the early universe, offering new insight on the formation and evolution of the first galaxies. MACS J0416.1-2403, is located in the constellation Eridanus.
This is a unique view of the disk galaxy NGC 5866 tilted nearly edge-on to our line-of-sight. Hubble's sharp vision reveals a crisp dust lane dividing the galaxy into two halves. The image highlights the galaxy's structure: a subtle, reddish bulge surrounding a bright nucleus, a blue disk of stars running parallel to the dust lane, and a transparent outer halo. NGC 5866 is a disk galaxy of type "S0" (pronounced s-zero). Viewed face on, it would look like a smooth, flat disk with little spiral structure. It remains in the spiral category because of the flatness of the main disk of stars as opposed to the more spherically rotund (or ellipsoidal) class of galaxies called "ellipticals." Such S0 galaxies, with disks like spirals and large bulges like ellipticals, are called 'lenticular' galaxies. NGC 5866 lies in the Northern constellation Draco, at a distance of 44 million light-years. It has a diameter of roughly 60,000 light-years only two-thirds the diameter of the Milky Way, although its mass is similar to our galaxy. This Hubble image of NGC 5866 is a combination of blue, green and red observations taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys in February 2006.
NGC 5866 is an edge-on galaxy that is tilted to our line-of-sight. It is classified as an S0 lenticular, due to its flat stellar disk and large ellipsoidal bulge. NGC 5866 lies in the Northern constellation Draco, at a distance of 44 million light-years (13.5 Megaparsecs). It has a diameter of roughly 60,000 light-years (18,400 parsecs). This Hubble image of NGC 5866 is a combination of blue, green and red observations taken with the Hubble Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys in November 2005.
This photograph of Ednburgh Castle was taken during the Deep Time light show to start to mark the begining of the 2016 Edinburgh Festival. It was handheld at a shutter speed of 2.5 seconds.
This photograph of Ednburgh Castle was taken during the Deep Time light show to start to mark the begining of the 2016 Edinburgh Festival. Hand held at 1.3 seconds.
Nel silenzio primordiale del deserto, i massi rossi della Goblin Valley State Park custodiscono il tempo come un segreto inciso nella pietra.
Levigati da eoni di vento, sabbia e gelo, emergono dalla terra arida come antichi custodi, modellati da un paziente dialogo tra roccia ed eternità.
Qui il tempo non scorre: sedimenta. Strato dopo strato, granello dopo granello, trasforma la fragilità in forma, l’erosione in scultura. Camminare tra queste presenze silenziose è attraversare un calendario geologico, che mi ha ricordato che siamo polvere e ombre, con una grandissima opportunità di cogliere il tempo presente
Buona giornata
#GoblinValley #UtahDesert #RedRocks #EternalTime #PaesaggioAmericano #DesertVibes #GeologicalWonders #RocceRosse #NaturePhotography #SlowTime #ErosioneNaturale #AmericanSouthwest #SilenzioDelDeserto #DeepTime #TravelUtah #EarthArt #LuceDelTramonto #WildLandscape #FormaEDurata #DesertDreams
Released: 04.01.22
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An amazing opening event for this years Edinburgh Festival. Which combined Art, Science and Technology in this city of the Enlightenment.
See www.eif.co.uk/2016/deeptime#.V6fLRqKuHWk for more and video of the show.
Welcome World
This photograph of Ednburgh Castle was taken during the Deep Time light show to start to mark the begining of the 2016 Edinburgh Festival. It was hand held at a shutter speed of 4sec, which even image stabilisation isn't going to keep steady! So I just let the movement of the lights speak for itself...
This is a Hubble Space Telescope image of the most massive cluster of galaxies ever seen to exist when the universe was just half of its current age of 13.8 billion years. The cluster, catalogued as ACT-CL J0102-4915, contains several hundred galaxies swarming around under a collective gravitational pull. The total mass of the cluster, as refined in new Hubble measurements, is estimated to weigh as much as 3 million billion stars like our Sun (about 3,000 times the mass of our own Milky Way galaxy) – though most of the mass is hidden away as dark matter. The location of the dark matter is mapped out in the blue overlay. Because dark matter doesn't emit any radiation, Hubble astronomers instead precisely measure how its gravity warps the images of far background galaxies like a funhouse mirror. This allowed them to come up with a mass estimate for the cluster. The cluster was nicknamed El Gordo (Spanish for "the fat one") in 2012 when X-ray observations (shown in pink) and kinematic studies first suggested it was unusually massive for the time in the early universe when it existed. The Hubble data have confirmed that the cluster is undergoing a violent merger between two smaller clusters.
science.nasa.gov/asset/hubble/galaxy-cluster-el-gordo-wit...
2023
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Featured in this new image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope is a nearly edge-on view of the lenticular galaxy NGC 4753. These galaxies have an elliptical shape and ill-defined spiral arms.
This image is the object's sharpest view to date, showcasing Hubble’s incredible resolving power and ability to reveal complex dust structures. NGC 4753 resides around 60 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Virgo and was first discovered by the astronomer William Herschel in 1784. It is a member of the NGC 4753 Group of galaxies within the Virgo II Cloud, which comprises roughly 100 galaxies and galaxy clusters.
This galaxy is believed to be the result of a galactic merger with a nearby dwarf galaxy roughly 1.3 billion years ago. NGC 4753’s distinct dust lanes around its nucleus are believed to have been accreted from this merger event.
It is now believed that most of the mass in the galaxy lies in a slightly flattened spherical halo of dark matter. Dark matter is a form of matter that cannot currently be observed directly, but is thought to comprise about 85% of all matter in the Universe. It is referred to as ‘dark’ because it does not appear to interact with the electromagnetic field, and therefore does not seem to emit, reflect or refract light.
This object is also of scientific interest to test different theories of formation of lenticular galaxies, given its low-density environment and complex structure. Furthermore, this galaxy has been host to two known Type Ia supernovae. These types of supernovae are extremely important as they are all caused by exploding white dwarfs which have companion stars, and always peak at the same brightness — 5 billion times brighter than the Sun. Knowing the true brightness of these events, and comparing this with their apparent brightness, gives astronomers a unique chance to measure distances in the Universe.
[Image Description: Lenticular galaxy NGC 4753 is featured with a bright white core and surrounding defined dust lanes around its nucleus, that predominantly appear dark brown in colour. A variety of faint stars fill the background of the image.]
This is the first image of a celestial object taken with the newly repaired Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). The camera was restored to operation during the STS-125 servicing mission to upgrade the Hubble Space Telescope.
The barred spiral galaxy NGC 6217 was photographed on June 13 and July 8, 2009, as part of the initial testing and calibration of Hubble's ACS. The galaxy lies 60 million light-years away in the north circumpolar constellation Ursa Major.
science.nasa.gov/asset/hubble/barred-spiral-galaxy-ngc-6217/
2024
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2012
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NOTE: All works featured here are completely original creations. None are made with the assistance of any form of AI technology in any fashion whatsoever.
Deep time. Oldest rock. Fist-sized sample from the Acasta River, an obscure little drainage up near Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada. Self-collected from what is the oldest known
rock formation on the planet, clocking in at 4.03 billion years old.
Postscript: Further age-dating measurements have pushed the Acasta River locale back to 4.2 billion years. Since I collected this sample from the 4.03 Ga site, I`ll leave it as is.
Deep Time is the opening ceremony of Edinburgh International Festival that happened in 2016 at the Castle Terrace esplanade. Animations and lasers illuminated the Edinburgh Castle on the sound of Mogwai. If you like my photos, thanks for following me on facebook: [click] via 500px ift.tt/2bzArFq
Tablelands in Suspension by François Quévillon. La Terre en suspens solo exhibition at OBORO (Montreal), 2023.
francois-quevillon.com/w/?p=4436
Tablelands en suspension par François Quévillon. Exposition solo La Terre en suspens à OBORO (Montréal), 2023.
The Deep Time Exhibit, on the first floor David H. Koch Hall of Fossils, allows visitors to travel through ancient ecosystems spread out across a 31,000-square-foot space to witness the evolution of life and get up close to some 700 fossil specimens.
The National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), administered by the Smithsonian Institute, was established in 1910 as the United States National Museum. The building, designed in the neoclassical architectural style by Hornblower & Marshall, was the first constructed on the north side of the National Mall, along Constitution Avenue, as part of the 1901 McMillan Commission plan. The museum's collections total over 500 million specimens of plants, animals, fossils, minerals, rocks, meteorites, and human cultural artifacts. With 7.1 million visitors in 2016, it is the most visited of all of the Smithsonian museums and is also home to about 185 professional natural history scientists — the largest group of scientists dedicated to the study of natural and cultural history in the world.
The Smithsonian Institution, an educational and research institute and associated museum complex, administered and funded by the government of the United States and by funds from its endowment, contributions, and profits from its shops and its magazines, was established in 1846. Although concentrated in Washington DC, its collection of over 136 million items is spread through 19 museums, a zoo, and nine research centers from New York to Panama.