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Bellydance is the name commonly used in Western countries to apply to traditional Middle Eastern dance, specifically Egyptian ghawazi dance in the 19th century, and raqs sharqi in the 20th century. The term is sometimes extended to include all traditional Middle Eastern dances. The term is somewhat misleading, as belly movements are only a small part of the dance. The most featured part of the body is usually the hips.
Belly dance takes different forms in different regions, both in costume and dance style, and new styles have evolved in the West as its popularity has spread globally.
The ghawazee of were travelling female dancers of Dom (Gypsy) ethnicity in Egypt during the 18th to 19th centuries. They were banished from Cairo to Upper Egypt by Muhammad Ali in the 1830s. The dance style of the ghawazee was popularized in Europe under the term "belly-dance" in 19th-century
Most of the movements in belly dancing involve isolating different parts of the body (hips, shoulders, chest, stomach etc.), similar to the isolations used in jazz ballet. In much of bellydance there is a focus upon the core muscles of the body producing the movement rather than the external muscles of the body. Egyptian and Lebanese bellydance in particular emphasise the need for movemements to originate in the muscles of the back.
The costume most associated with belly dance is the bedlah (Arabic for "suit").
The bedlah style includes a fitted top (usually with a fringe of beads or coins), a fitted hip belt (again with a fringe of beads or coins), and a skirt or harem pants. The top and belt may be richly decorated with beads, sequins, braid and embroidery. The belt may be a separate piece, or sewn into a skirt.
The hip belt is a broad piece of fabric worn low on the hips. It may have straight edge, or may be curved or angled. The top usually matches the belt. The classic harem pants are full and gathered at the ankle, but there are many variations. Sometimes pants and a sheer skirt are worn together. Skirts may be flowing creations made of multiple layers of one color sheer fabric chiffon.
Since the 1950s, it has been illegal in Egypt for raqs sharqi dancers to perform publicly with their midriff uncovered or to display excessive skin. It is therefore becoming more common to wear a long, figure-hugging lycra one-piece gown with strategically placed cut-outs filled in with sheer, flesh-coloured fabric. If a separate top and skirt are worn, a belt is rarely used and any embellishment is embroidered directly on the tight, sleek lycra skirt. A sheer body stocking must be worn to cover the midsection. Egyptian dancers traditionally dance in bare feet, but these days often wear shoes and even high heels.
Khan al Khalili, the major traditional souk (open market) in Cairo, is the world's most popular spot for bellydance wear / Raqswear and continues to attract millions of visitors every year.
As there is no prohibition on showing the stomach in Lebanon, the bedleh style is more common. The skirts tend to be sheer, although many Lebanese belly dancers opt for the shirwal pants with a top. The veil is more widely used and the veil matches the outfit. High heels are a trademark of Lebanese belly dancers.
Turkish dancers also wear bedleh style costumes. In the 80s and 90s a 'stripperesque' costume style developed, with skirts designed to display both legs up to the hip, and plunging tops. Such styles still exist in some venues but there are also many Turkish belly dancers who wear more moderate costumes. Even so, Turkish belly dance costumes reflect the playful, flirty style of Turkish belly dance.
In Egypt, three main forms of the traditional dance are associated with belly dance, called Baladi, Sharqi and Sha'abi.
Baladi is a folk style of dance from the Arab tribes who settled in Upper Egypt. The term has come to refer to the folk dance still performed by the working classes of urbanised Egypt. Dance which more rigorously tries to uphold folk traditions from the countryside or from specific tribes will often be referred to as Ghawahzee. The Ghawahzee dancers have also been known to be at the heart of the conflict in Egypt over the propriety of publicly performed dance. The well-reputed Mazin sisters are widely held to be the last authentic performers of Ghawahzee dance. Khayreyya Mazin is currently the last of these dancers still teaching and performing as of 2009.
Sharqi is based on the baladi style but was further developed by Samia Gamal, Tahiya Karioka, Naima Akef, and other dancers who rose to fame during the golden years of the Egyptian film industry. This has come to be considered the classical style of dance in Egypt. These dancers were famous not only for their role in Egyptian films, but also for their performances at the "Opera Casino" opened in 1925 by Badia Masabni. This venue was a popular place for influential musicians and choreographers from both the US and Europe. Later dancers who were influenced by these artists are Sohair Zaki, Fifi Abdou, and Nagwa Fouad. All rose to fame between 1960 and 1980, and are still popular today. Some of these later dancers were the first to choreograph and perform dances using a full 'orchestra' and stage set-up, which had a huge influence upon what is considered the 'classical' style.
Sha'abi refers to the poorer, commoner sections of Cairo. The name came to characterize the style of music enjoyed in such neighborhoods. The style is somewhat rougher and more playful than the rest of Egyptian pop music. Sha'abi dance is Egyptian belly dance performed to such music, typically performed more assertively sexual than is classical raqs sharqi.
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National Dance Competition "Magic of Dance" (Ogólnopolski Konkurs Taneczny "Magia Tańca") organised by the Cultural Association "Gwiazda". Ostrów Wielkopolski, Poland
Your sweet Alana is feeling a bit dirty, had to drag my ass to this photo shoot after dancing on stage all evening long.
Dance contest 'The Magic of Dance' (XV Ogólnopolski Konkurs Taneczny 'Magia Tańca'), Ostrów Wielkopolski, Poland
Dance contest 'The Magic of Dance' (XV Ogólnopolski Konkurs Taneczny 'Magia Tańca'), Ostrów Wielkopolski, Poland
Bain News Service,, publisher.
Denishawn dancers
[between ca. 1920 and ca. 1925]
1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller.
Notes:
Title from unverified data provided by the Bain News Service on the negatives or caption cards.
Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).
Format: Glass negatives.
Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication. For more information, see George Grantham Bain Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/274_bain.html
Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
Part Of: Bain News Service photograph collection (DLC) 2005682517
General information about the George Grantham Bain Collection is available at hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain
Higher resolution image is available (Persistent URL): hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.35103
Call Number: LC-B2- 5854-12
SPENCER: Hi Tuesday friends! Guess what! Guess what!!!! The paw doctor and the fizzy therapist have said that my mummy can start dancing again!!!! She was so so SO happy, and I was very very happy too, because she had been sad and missing dance and now she is feeling better. She says that the first classes were difficult and that it will take time before she can dance as well as before but that it is normal and she has to be patient. Of course I went with her to support her! I put on a pretty purple tutu and I took all my dance shoes in a pretty bag and I even put on the ouchy pointe shoes but just for the picture because they really hurt your paws and I think that the little ballerinas who dance with these shoes are very brave. We are going again tonight and tomorrow. Isn't it WONDERFUL??!!!
National Dance Competition "Magic of Dance" (Ogólnopolski Konkurs Taneczny "Magia Tańca") organised by the Cultural Association "Gwiazda". Ostrów Wielkopolski, Poland
Dance contest 'The Magic of Dance' (XV Ogólnopolski Konkurs Taneczny 'Magia Tańca'), Ostrów Wielkopolski, Poland
Urbana Dance - For www.frederick.com/urbana-dance-and-performing-arts-studio
photos by Frederick.com
National Dance Competition "Magic of Dance" (Ogólnopolski Konkurs Taneczny "Magia Tańca") organised by the Cultural Association "Gwiazda". Ostrów Wielkopolski, Poland
Dance contest 'The Magic of Dance' (XV Ogólnopolski Konkurs Taneczny 'Magia Tańca'), Ostrów Wielkopolski, Poland
'At the Moulin Rouge: The Dance' (detail)
Oil on Canvas, 1890
by Toulouse Lautrec
Philadelphia Museum of Art