View allAll Photos Tagged crosspollination
't Is the season of many flowering grasses. Here, if I'm not mistaken - I find naming grasses something of a challenge - is Downy Oat-grass, Helictotrichon pubescens, in full flower. You can see the purple anthers attached to the flower by fine filaments. Then there are the feathery stigmas, and the pollen sticking to a lower glume on the right. Most grasses cross-pollinate usually by the wind, and as Anna Weimarck suggested in 1967, this is also the case for Downy Oat-grass.
Thank you for your interest. Please do not post spam, irrelevant poetry or prose, or links to your works in the comment section. I will find my own way to your images. All my images are my own original work, under my copyright, with all rights reserved. This means the owner's permission must be sought and obtained, before using any image for ANY purpose.
Copyright infringement is theft.
She visited my backyard tree. By the way, this is on a sandalwood tree!
My Photoblog- My Third Eye...!
The winter melon, also called white gourd, ash gourd, or "fuzzy melon", is a vine grown for its very large fruit, eaten as a vegetable when mature.
My Photoblog- My Third Eye...!
"No Orchids for Miss Blandish" by James Hadley Chase,
achieved remarkable popularity and became one of the best-sold books of the decade. It was filmed by Robert Aldrich as The Grissom Gang.
Please don't use this image on websites,
blogs or other media without my explicit permission.
© All rights reserved
The tree in the image is sandalwood. It has inconspicuous brown flowers but in abundance. No scent but should be having lots of nectar as it attracts bees and butterflies!
My Photoblog- My Third Eye...!
The honeybee hovers over a flower.....hovering means to remain floating, suspended, or fluttering in the air.
Hovering is an incredible skill possessed by bumble bees. Hovering allows the honeybee to efficiently transfer pollen from the male parts of a flower to the female parts, enabling fertilization and the production of seeds and fruits. As the bee hovers, the rapid wing movements create a small vortex of air around its body. This air movement causes the flower’s pollen to be released from the anthers, which are the male reproductive organs of the flower. By aligning its body with the flower, the bee ensures that the released pollen sticks to its hairy body. As the bee moves on to the next flower, the pollen grains attached to its body brush against the stigma (the female reproductive organ of the flower). This transfer of pollen from one flower to another facilitates cross-pollination.
||XXX|| - cross-pollination
Portland, OR.
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Large format pinhole camera. Oriental Seagull RP-M grade 2 photographic paper - used as paper negative. Single multi-pinhole (5) exposure: 59 seconds
(=)
Portland, OR.
.
Large format pinhole camera. Oriental Seagull RP-M grade 2 photographic paper - used as paper negative. Single multi-pinhole (5) exposure: 63 seconds
Portlandia
Portland, OR.
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Large format pinhole camera. Oriental Seagull RP-M grade 2 photographic paper - used as paper negative. Single multi-pinhole (7) exposure: 45 seconds
Pollen: Hand stitched and bound mousaline silk. Mixed media
Background: Hand stitched and bound shibori techniques on habotai silk
Image: Pinegate Photographics, Cardiff
A family reunion drew me south of Turnhout in Belgium to Houtum at Kasterlee. Taking some air between proceedings we wandered along the pleasant country roads and byways of the Kempen before the rain drove us back in. It's here that I saw this pretty, aged Rosebay Willowherb, Epilobium or Chamerion or Chamaenerion angustifolium.
It's Autumn and this flower is clearly at the very end of its life. Look closely and you will see the anthers have no more pollen and the stigma has grown to its full length. This flower is an appropriate posting for a family reunion (not the T.S. Eliot kind, though, whose birthday [1888] is today). To the Berlin botanist Christian Konrad Sprengel (1750-1816) it suggested the highly important biological principle of cross-pollination. He'd noticed that Chamerion's anthers are luxuriously full of pollen before the stigma is formed. When bees come to seek nectar, they collect that pollen but it is not deposited on that as yet little green knob which will become the receiving stigma of the same flower. Another, 'riper' flower will be the recipient as our bee or other insect continues to forage. Self-pollination is out of the question. As - mutatis mutandis - it is for a wise family...
No, indoors again we didn't take Kapor Tea - for which Epilobium is also known - but we lifted our glasses to Our Elders and their various family lines...
##
Portland, OR.
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Large format pinhole camera. Oriental Seagull RP-M grade 2 photographic paper - used as paper negative. Single multi-pinhole (5) exposure: 68 seconds
"Cross Pollination" by Michelle Griffiths
Habotai and mousaline silk.
Mixed media. 2m x 2m installation
"Scholar Exhibition" Embroiderer's Guild - Royal West of England Academy.
The title of this piece refers to the many influences which have inspired my own personal shibori vocabulary; from studying with, and observing the shibori artisans of Arimatsu, to the fabulous pollen images generated with an electron microscope, generously loaned to me by the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, and the Danforth Plant Science Center, Missouri, USA.
Sculptural Shibori by Michelle Griffiths
Image: Pinegate Photographics, Cardiff
This shibori installation has not only been inspired by images of flower heads, seed pods, and magnified pollen (pollen images generously loaned to Michelle by the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and the Danforth Plant Science Center, Missouri, USA), but also represents a single frozen moment in time as the Arimatsu artisans bind their cloth in execution of the Kumo Shibori pattern (Spiderweb pattern).
Michelle's work records the actions found within shibori; stitching, binding, gathering,
manipulating and folding - not through the expected dye process, but purely as texture and form.
It was whilst in Japan as part of her Embroiderers' Guild mature scholarship studies (May/June 2002) that Michelle first observed the artisans who had spent their entire lives manipulating cloth prior to its being dyed. As a trained musician, Michelle was fascinated to see that the repetitive shibori actions were not only represented on the cloth as pattern and texture, but were also imprinted upon the artisans hands and minds. She wished to learn more about these traditional techniques in order that these skills would not be lost with the passing generations, whilst at the same time developing her own personal shibori vocabulary suitable for the 21st Century.
Epipactis x reinekei Bayer 1986, syn.: Epipactis helleborine x Epipactis muelleri, Epipactis reinekei
Family: Orchidaceae
EN: Reineke's Epipactis, DE: no name found
Slo.: Reinekejeva močvirnica
Dat.: July 22. 2012
Lat.: 46.37311 Long.: 13.58789 (WGS84)
Code: Bot_642/2012_IMG0543
Habitat: edge of an abandoned pasture in the midst of mixed forest; moderately incline mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; elevation 625 m (2.050 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.
Substratum: soil.
Place: Loška Koritnica valley; about 1 km north of Kluže historical fortress; left bank of the river Koritnica; about 120 m above the main road Bovec - Predel, East Julian Alps, Posočje, Slovenia EC.
Comment: In its habitus and details the plant shown in this observation corresponds well to the descriptions of Epipactis muelleri, a rare orchid in Slovenia and elswhere. Its characteristic traits from literature, which fit to this observation are:
- plant's height, number of leaves and flowers, length of inflorescence
- leaves growing +/- perpendicular to the stem and arching downwards sickle like
- leaves have conspicuous veins and wavy edges
- leaves are +/- uniformly distributed along the stem and in form and size gradually change to bracts
- stem is often to some extent zigzag shaped
- upper part of the light green and relatively thin stem is densely hairy
- sepals are yellow-greenish
- petals are paler
- hypochile is reddish-brown inside and has white rim
- pointed epichile is greenish white to yellowish white, sometimes with pinkish tint
- epichile has about the same width as length and has relatively inconspicuous bosses at the base
- transition between hypochile and epichile is distinctly wide
- the inflorescence is +/- one sided
- typical habitat is calcareous ground, forest edges and among bushes, roadsides
Yet, there are three traits of the flowers on my pictures, which don't fit to the descriptions of Epipactis muelleri.
- presence of rostellum (should be absent)
- pinkish edged and veined petals and (should be greenish- or yellowish-whitish)
- considerably pink epichile (should be whitish or yellowish-white)
This discrepancies point toward hybridization with Epipactis helleborine, which is a quite common species in the region.
From my pictures it is evident that the flowers have well developed rostellum (a small beak like extension from the upper edge of the stigma; small white 'blob' in the center of the flower; see Fig. 2 and 2b). The function of rostellum in allogamous orchids (proliferating by crosspollination with the help of insects) is to glue pollinia with pollen to the insects during their visit of the flower. Pollen is then transported to other plants and cross-pollinates them. Epipactis muelleri obligatory proliferates by autogamy, that is by self-pollination. Its flowers don't have rostellum. On the other hand, Epipactis helleborine is allogamous. The rostellum is well developed and function.
Pinkish edges and veins of the petals is another trait inherited from Epipactis helleborine, which, although very variable in itself, often has pinkish or reddish petals. The same can be said for pinkish epichile. The hybrid between Epipactis helleborine and Epipactis muelleri is named Epipactis x reinekei Bayer. Habitus of this hybrid is otherwise visually as well as morphometrically almost indistinguishable from Epipactis muelleri (Ref.7).
Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoživečih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, št. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).
Ref.:
(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar, www.orhideje.si
(2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1035.
(3) A. Martinči et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnična Založba Slovenije (2007), p 767.
(4) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 134 and p 258.
(5) B. Dolinar, Kukavičevke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 73.
(6) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 88.
(7) S. Künkele, Orchidaceae, in O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi, A. Wӧrz, Eds., Die Farn und Blutenpflanzen Baden-Wurttembergs, Band 8., Verlag Eugen Ulmer (1998), p 443.
Spring Morning, Rocky Mountain Front Range, Colorado.
We try to use this Crabapple tree to cross-pollinate with Honeycrisp Apple trees nearby. Some years are more successful than others. In this case, just as these buds were getting ready to open we had another snowstorm. The buds remained in this stage a while longer and actually survived to bloom. With the help of honeybees, cross-pollination happened again.
Available in our Fine Art Gallery here.
30-Day Money Back Guarantee On All Purchases. Watermark will not appear on your image. ©Copyright 2024 Shelia Steele Hunt. All Rights Reserved.
This AI artwork originated with my original photograph of an impatiens I saw blooming in a neighboring garden here in the Appalachian Mountains of Northeast Tennessee in early summer. The rendering simulates a hybrid flower if you could cross-pollinate a chrysanthem with an impatiens. The result was this beautifully delicate flower.
SET 2 – Crossgates Kroger
Rounding the corner past the pharmacy into the book (and greeting card) nook, here’s more of that décor crosspollination that I was mentioning – get it? Crosspollination, because these are the Urban Mix honeycombs? Okay, fine, bee like that. You don’t have to be so rude about it, geez… that stings. What a buzzkill you are.
As you can see in the linked pic from the previous description (repeated here), these honeycombs are of a different style than we’ve seen in Southaven, either on the wall or hanging from the ceiling – but I still think they are definitely an Urban Mix element crossed over into this otherwise-Banner décor store.
(c) 2025 Retail Retell
These places are public so these photos are too, but just as I tell where they came from, I'd appreciate if you'd say who :)
This moth-like Butterfly was drinking nectar and helping this Tridax Daisy in the process of pollination to spread love through the air.
Epipactis x reinekei Bayer 1986, syn.: Epipactis helleborine x Epipactis muelleri, Epipactis reinekei
Family: Orchidaceae
EN: Reineke's Epipactis, DE: no name found
Slo.: Reinekejeva močvirnica
Dat.: July 22. 2012
Lat.: 46.37311 Long.: 13.58789 (WGS84)
Code: Bot_642/2012_IMG0543
Habitat: edge of an abandoned pasture in the midst of mixed forest; moderately incline mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; elevation 625 m (2.050 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.
Substratum: soil.
Place: Loška Koritnica valley; about 1 km north of Kluže historical fortress; left bank of the river Koritnica; about 120 m above the main road Bovec - Predel, East Julian Alps, Posočje, Slovenia EC.
Comment: In its habitus and details the plant shown in this observation corresponds well to the descriptions of Epipactis muelleri, a rare orchid in Slovenia and elswhere. Its characteristic traits from literature, which fit to this observation are:
- plant's height, number of leaves and flowers, length of inflorescence
- leaves growing +/- perpendicular to the stem and arching downwards sickle like
- leaves have conspicuous veins and wavy edges
- leaves are +/- uniformly distributed along the stem and in form and size gradually change to bracts
- stem is often to some extent zigzag shaped
- upper part of the light green and relatively thin stem is densely hairy
- sepals are yellow-greenish
- petals are paler
- hypochile is reddish-brown inside and has white rim
- pointed epichile is greenish white to yellowish white, sometimes with pinkish tint
- epichile has about the same width as length and has relatively inconspicuous bosses at the base
- transition between hypochile and epichile is distinctly wide
- the inflorescence is +/- one sided
- typical habitat is calcareous ground, forest edges and among bushes, roadsides
Yet, there are three traits of the flowers on my pictures, which don't fit to the descriptions of Epipactis muelleri.
- presence of rostellum (should be absent)
- pinkish edged and veined petals and (should be greenish- or yellowish-whitish)
- considerably pink epichile (should be whitish or yellowish-white)
This discrepancies point toward hybridization with Epipactis helleborine, which is a quite common species in the region.
From my pictures it is evident that the flowers have well developed rostellum (a small beak like extension from the upper edge of the stigma; small white 'blob' in the center of the flower; see Fig. 2 and 2b). The function of rostellum in allogamous orchids (proliferating by crosspollination with the help of insects) is to glue pollinia with pollen to the insects during their visit of the flower. Pollen is then transported to other plants and cross-pollinates them. Epipactis muelleri obligatory proliferates by autogamy, that is by self-pollination. Its flowers don't have rostellum. On the other hand, Epipactis helleborine is allogamous. The rostellum is well developed and function.
Pinkish edges and veins of the petals is another trait inherited from Epipactis helleborine, which, although very variable in itself, often has pinkish or reddish petals. The same can be said for pinkish epichile. The hybrid between Epipactis helleborine and Epipactis muelleri is named Epipactis x reinekei Bayer. Habitus of this hybrid is otherwise visually as well as morphometrically almost indistinguishable from Epipactis muelleri (Ref.7).
Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoživečih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, št. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).
Ref.:
(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar, www.orhideje.si
(2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1035.
(3) A. Martinči et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnična Založba Slovenije (2007), p 767.
(4) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 134 and p 258.
(5) B. Dolinar, Kukavičevke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 73.
(6) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 88.
(7) S. Künkele, Orchidaceae, in O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi, A. Wӧrz, Eds., Die Farn und Blutenpflanzen Baden-Wurttembergs, Band 8., Verlag Eugen Ulmer (1998), p 443.
The honeybee hovers over a Blue Crown Passionflower (Passiflora caerulea)....hovering means to remain floating, suspended, or fluttering in the air.
Hovering is an incredible skill possessed by honeybees. It allows the honeybee to efficiently transfer pollen from the male parts of a flower to the female parts, enabling fertilization and the production of seeds and fruits. As the bee hovers, the rapid wing movements create a small vortex of air around its body. This air movement causes the flower’s pollen to be released from the anthers, which are the male reproductive organs of the flower. By aligning its body with the flower, the bee ensures that the released pollen sticks to its hairy body. As the bee moves on to the next flower, the pollen grains attached to its body brush against the stigma (the female reproductive organ of the flower). This transfer of pollen from one flower to another facilitates cross-pollination.
Seen and photographed in the garden at The Peninsula Regent in San Mateo, California.
This is a small-sized bee. A worker of the colony in the process of collecting the pollen-
The flower is Portulaca, growing in my garden.
My Photoblog- My Third Eye...!
Epipactis x reinekei Bayer 1986, syn.: Epipactis helleborine x Epipactis muelleri, Epipactis reinekei
Family: Orchidaceae
EN: Reineke's Epipactis, DE: no name found
Slo.: Reinekejeva močvirnica
Dat.: July 22. 2012
Lat.: 46.37311 Long.: 13.58789 (WGS84)
Code: Bot_642/2012_IMG0543
Habitat: edge of an abandoned pasture in the midst of mixed forest; moderately incline mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; elevation 625 m (2.050 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.
Substratum: soil.
Place: Loška Koritnica valley; about 1 km north of Kluže historical fortress; left bank of the river Koritnica; about 120 m above the main road Bovec - Predel, East Julian Alps, Posočje, Slovenia EC.
Comment: In its habitus and details the plant shown in this observation corresponds well to the descriptions of Epipactis muelleri, a rare orchid in Slovenia and elswhere. Its characteristic traits from literature, which fit to this observation are:
- plant's height, number of leaves and flowers, length of inflorescence
- leaves growing +/- perpendicular to the stem and arching downwards sickle like
- leaves have conspicuous veins and wavy edges
- leaves are +/- uniformly distributed along the stem and in form and size gradually change to bracts
- stem is often to some extent zigzag shaped
- upper part of the light green and relatively thin stem is densely hairy
- sepals are yellow-greenish
- petals are paler
- hypochile is reddish-brown inside and has white rim
- pointed epichile is greenish white to yellowish white, sometimes with pinkish tint
- epichile has about the same width as length and has relatively inconspicuous bosses at the base
- transition between hypochile and epichile is distinctly wide
- the inflorescence is +/- one sided
- typical habitat is calcareous ground, forest edges and among bushes, roadsides
Yet, there are three traits of the flowers on my pictures, which don't fit to the descriptions of Epipactis muelleri.
- presence of rostellum (should be absent)
- pinkish edged and veined petals and (should be greenish- or yellowish-whitish)
- considerably pink epichile (should be whitish or yellowish-white)
This discrepancies point toward hybridization with Epipactis helleborine, which is a quite common species in the region.
From my pictures it is evident that the flowers have well developed rostellum (a small beak like extension from the upper edge of the stigma; small white 'blob' in the center of the flower; see Fig. 2 and 2b). The function of rostellum in allogamous orchids (proliferating by crosspollination with the help of insects) is to glue pollinia with pollen to the insects during their visit of the flower. Pollen is then transported to other plants and cross-pollinates them. Epipactis muelleri obligatory proliferates by autogamy, that is by self-pollination. Its flowers don't have rostellum. On the other hand, Epipactis helleborine is allogamous. The rostellum is well developed and function.
Pinkish edges and veins of the petals is another trait inherited from Epipactis helleborine, which, although very variable in itself, often has pinkish or reddish petals. The same can be said for pinkish epichile. The hybrid between Epipactis helleborine and Epipactis muelleri is named Epipactis x reinekei Bayer. Habitus of this hybrid is otherwise visually as well as morphometrically almost indistinguishable from Epipactis muelleri (Ref.7).
Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoživečih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, št. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).
Ref.:
(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar, www.orhideje.si
(2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1035.
(3) A. Martinči et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnična Založba Slovenije (2007), p 767.
(4) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 134 and p 258.
(5) B. Dolinar, Kukavičevke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 73.
(6) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 88.
(7) S. Künkele, Orchidaceae, in O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi, A. Wӧrz, Eds., Die Farn und Blutenpflanzen Baden-Wurttembergs, Band 8., Verlag Eugen Ulmer (1998), p 443.
Stapelia gettliffei x Tavaresia barklyi (a hybrid Stapeliad flower created by Dr. Gerald S.Barad).
Martin
-
Administrator of:
All things beautiful in Nature Group
Cross-Pollination: Minimalism/MAXIMALISM, marked the tenth anniversary of this Museum at FIT project series. The workshop was organized in conjunction with the museum’s exhibition Minimalism/Maximalism (May 28 – November 16, 2019).
Photo by Eileen Costa
The Museum at FIT
Cross Pollination
Solo exhibition by Michelle Griffiths
The large piece represents pollen surface structures. Source images kindly loaned to Michelle by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Epipactis x reinekei Bayer 1986, syn.: Epipactis helleborine x Epipactis muelleri, Epipactis reinekei
Family: Orchidaceae
EN: Reineke's Epipactis, DE: no name found
Slo.: Reinekejeva močvirnica
Dat.: July 22. 2012
Lat.: 46.37311 Long.: 13.58789 (WGS84)
Code: Bot_642/2012_IMG0543
Habitat: edge of an abandoned pasture in the midst of mixed forest; moderately incline mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; elevation 625 m (2.050 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.
Substratum: soil.
Place: Loška Koritnica valley; about 1 km north of Kluže historical fortress; left bank of the river Koritnica; about 120 m above the main road Bovec - Predel, East Julian Alps, Posočje, Slovenia EC.
Comment: In its habitus and details the plant shown in this observation corresponds well to the descriptions of Epipactis muelleri, a rare orchid in Slovenia and elswhere. Its characteristic traits from literature, which fit to this observation are:
- plant's height, number of leaves and flowers, length of inflorescence
- leaves growing +/- perpendicular to the stem and arching downwards sickle like
- leaves have conspicuous veins and wavy edges
- leaves are +/- uniformly distributed along the stem and in form and size gradually change to bracts
- stem is often to some extent zigzag shaped
- upper part of the light green and relatively thin stem is densely hairy
- sepals are yellow-greenish
- petals are paler
- hypochile is reddish-brown inside and has white rim
- pointed epichile is greenish white to yellowish white, sometimes with pinkish tint
- epichile has about the same width as length and has relatively inconspicuous bosses at the base
- transition between hypochile and epichile is distinctly wide
- the inflorescence is +/- one sided
- typical habitat is calcareous ground, forest edges and among bushes, roadsides
Yet, there are three traits of the flowers on my pictures, which don't fit to the descriptions of Epipactis muelleri.
- presence of rostellum (should be absent)
- pinkish edged and veined petals and (should be greenish- or yellowish-whitish)
- considerably pink epichile (should be whitish or yellowish-white)
This discrepancies point toward hybridization with Epipactis helleborine, which is a quite common species in the region.
From my pictures it is evident that the flowers have well developed rostellum (a small beak like extension from the upper edge of the stigma; small white 'blob' in the center of the flower; see Fig. 2 and 2b). The function of rostellum in allogamous orchids (proliferating by crosspollination with the help of insects) is to glue pollinia with pollen to the insects during their visit of the flower. Pollen is then transported to other plants and cross-pollinates them. Epipactis muelleri obligatory proliferates by autogamy, that is by self-pollination. Its flowers don't have rostellum. On the other hand, Epipactis helleborine is allogamous. The rostellum is well developed and function.
Pinkish edges and veins of the petals is another trait inherited from Epipactis helleborine, which, although very variable in itself, often has pinkish or reddish petals. The same can be said for pinkish epichile. The hybrid between Epipactis helleborine and Epipactis muelleri is named Epipactis x reinekei Bayer. Habitus of this hybrid is otherwise visually as well as morphometrically almost indistinguishable from Epipactis muelleri (Ref.7).
Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoživečih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, št. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).
Ref.:
(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar, www.orhideje.si
(2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1035.
(3) A. Martinči et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnična Založba Slovenije (2007), p 767.
(4) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 134 and p 258.
(5) B. Dolinar, Kukavičevke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 73.
(6) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 88.
(7) S. Künkele, Orchidaceae, in O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi, A. Wӧrz, Eds., Die Farn und Blutenpflanzen Baden-Wurttembergs, Band 8., Verlag Eugen Ulmer (1998), p 443.
Pollen: Hand stitched and bound mousaline silk. Mixed media
Background: Hand stitched and bound shibori techniques on habotai silk
Image: Pinegate Photographics, Cardiff
Epipactis x reinekei Bayer 1986, syn.: Epipactis helleborine x Epipactis muelleri, Epipactis reinekei
Family: Orchidaceae
EN: Reineke's Epipactis, DE: no name found
Slo.: Reinekejeva močvirnica
Dat.: July 22. 2012
Lat.: 46.37311 Long.: 13.58789 (WGS84)
Code: Bot_642/2012_IMG0543
Habitat: edge of an abandoned pasture in the midst of mixed forest; moderately incline mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; elevation 625 m (2.050 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.
Substratum: soil.
Place: Loška Koritnica valley; about 1 km north of Kluže historical fortress; left bank of the river Koritnica; about 120 m above the main road Bovec - Predel, East Julian Alps, Posočje, Slovenia EC.
Comment: In its habitus and details the plant shown in this observation corresponds well to the descriptions of Epipactis muelleri, a rare orchid in Slovenia and elswhere. Its characteristic traits from literature, which fit to this observation are:
- plant's height, number of leaves and flowers, length of inflorescence
- leaves growing +/- perpendicular to the stem and arching downwards sickle like
- leaves have conspicuous veins and wavy edges
- leaves are +/- uniformly distributed along the stem and in form and size gradually change to bracts
- stem is often to some extent zigzag shaped
- upper part of the light green and relatively thin stem is densely hairy
- sepals are yellow-greenish
- petals are paler
- hypochile is reddish-brown inside and has white rim
- pointed epichile is greenish white to yellowish white, sometimes with pinkish tint
- epichile has about the same width as length and has relatively inconspicuous bosses at the base
- transition between hypochile and epichile is distinctly wide
- the inflorescence is +/- one sided
- typical habitat is calcareous ground, forest edges and among bushes, roadsides
Yet, there are three traits of the flowers on my pictures, which don't fit to the descriptions of Epipactis muelleri.
- presence of rostellum (should be absent)
- pinkish edged and veined petals and (should be greenish- or yellowish-whitish)
- considerably pink epichile (should be whitish or yellowish-white)
This discrepancies point toward hybridization with Epipactis helleborine, which is a quite common species in the region.
From my pictures it is evident that the flowers have well developed rostellum (a small beak like extension from the upper edge of the stigma; small white 'blob' in the center of the flower; see Fig. 2 and 2b). The function of rostellum in allogamous orchids (proliferating by crosspollination with the help of insects) is to glue pollinia with pollen to the insects during their visit of the flower. Pollen is then transported to other plants and cross-pollinates them. Epipactis muelleri obligatory proliferates by autogamy, that is by self-pollination. Its flowers don't have rostellum. On the other hand, Epipactis helleborine is allogamous. The rostellum is well developed and function.
Pinkish edges and veins of the petals is another trait inherited from Epipactis helleborine, which, although very variable in itself, often has pinkish or reddish petals. The same can be said for pinkish epichile. The hybrid between Epipactis helleborine and Epipactis muelleri is named Epipactis x reinekei Bayer. Habitus of this hybrid is otherwise visually as well as morphometrically almost indistinguishable from Epipactis muelleri (Ref.7).
Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoživečih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, št. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).
Ref.:
(1) Personal communication with Mr. Branko Dolinar, www.orhideje.si
(2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 1035.
(3) A. Martinči et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnična Založba Slovenije (2007), p 767.
(4) H. Kretzschmar, Die Orchideen Deutschlands und angrenzenden Lander, Quelle Meyer (2008), p 134 and p 258.
(5) B. Dolinar, Kukavičevke v Sloveniji (Orchidaceae of Slovenia) (in Slovenian), Pipinova Knjiga (2015), p 73.
(6) H. Baumann, S. Kuenkele, R.Lorenz, Orchideen Europas, Ulmer (2006), p 88.
(7) S. Künkele, Orchidaceae, in O. Sebald, S. Seybold, G. Philippi, A. Wӧrz, Eds., Die Farn und Blutenpflanzen Baden-Wurttembergs, Band 8., Verlag Eugen Ulmer (1998), p 443.
Pollen: Hand stitched and bound mousaline silk. Mixed media
Background: Hand stitched and bound shibori techniques on habotai silk
Image: Pinegate Photographics, Cardiff
Pollen: Hand stitched and bound mousaline silk. Mixed media
Background: Hand stitched and bound shibori techniques on habotai silk
Image: Pinegate Photographics, Cardiff
GET INVOLVED, object to GE/GMO foods being secretly added to foods without any labeling requirements.
Sign any of the petitions at Food Democracy Now, Just Label It, and CREDO Action.
The way things are now, the only way for food processors to show they avoid GE/GMO ingredients is to undergo a certifying process that is lengthy and costly. It's yet another unreasonable tariff on healthier foods making them seem elite when GE/GMO food has all the backing of the US Government including via Farm Bill subsidies (that are BILLIONS every year), and rules lowering the costs of crop insurance if farmers use Monsanto seed, among other forces out to line the pockets of the seedy and greedy.
Mandatory Labeling would relieve smaller producers of having to prove their innocence in not using something that 93% of Americans have said they'd prefer were labeled.
As one video says, without GMO labeling, we all eat in the dark.
Don't know whether you are eating them?
Over 70% of all products in a grocery store are made with GMO products. That doesn't include all the animal products both meat, and dairy (including eggs) which are produced by feeding the animals almost exclusively GE/GMO grains & seeds (soy, corn, canola, cotton, sugar beets, etc -- what goes through them comes to you...).
Unless it says organic, or otherwise produced without GE/GMO ingredients, it likely contains them or was produced with them.
Even organic is losing the fight. There appears to be virtually no corn left that is not tainted by cross-polination with GMO corn.
And natural means nothing (it's been a processed food marketing ploy for over 100 years). It certainly doesn't mean GMO-Free.
Why is GE/GMO such an issue? Well, one is that it's an unnatural laboratory protein. Proteins are what we react to when there is an allergic reaction which is apparently being triggered more often by these crops. Once triggered eating an organic version is no longer an option. Corn allergies are nightmares for those who have them which could be you at any time, if that next bite puts your body over the edge in being able to deal with it. Worse is the possibility that your defenses constantly being on alert leave your future children with less.
But, GE/GMO crops are approved by the science paid for by the companies that own the profitable patents (owning life itself) and because they own the patents they won't allow outside, independent researchers access to the seeds to study what effects are not being revealed or are being downplayed.
Essentially the American people are one big cage of Guinea Pigs. We are being experimented on.
What compensation would you require to eat poison?
Unfortunately I have to say that the only way to be sure what's in your food is to start by never going in a corporate grocery store, then eating food in its whole, pure form preferably straight from the farmer.
Also check out MILLIONS AGAINST MONSANTO for more ways to be involved in what's available to eat for everyone.
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From my set entitled “Flowering Crabappel”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607213790830/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabapple
Malus, the apples, is a genus of about 30–35 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae. Other studies go as far as 55 species [1] including the domesticated Orchard Apple, or Table apple as it was formerly called (M. sylvestris domestica, derived from M. sylvestris sieversii, syn. M. pumila). The other species and subspecies are generally known as "wild apples", "crab apples", "crabapples" or "crabs", this name being derived from their small and tart fruit. Cultivars such as 'Whitney' have been independently domesticated for better fruit quality
The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, in Europe, Asia and North America.
Apple trees are small, typically 4–12 m tall at maturity, with a dense, twiggy crown. The leaves are 3–10 cm long, alternate, simple, with a serrated margin. The flowers are borne in corymbs, and have five petals, which may be white, pink or red, and are perfect, with usually red stamens that produce copious pollen, and an inferior ovary; flowering occurs in the spring after 50–80 growing degree days (varying greatly according to subspecies and cultivar). Apples require cross-pollination between individuals by insects (typically bees, which freely visit the flowers for both nectar and pollen); all are self-sterile, and (with the exception of a few specially developed cultivars) self-pollination is impossible, making pollinating insects essential. The honeybee and mason bee are the most effective[citation needed] insect pollinators of apples. Malus species, including domestic apples, hybridize freely. Malus species are used as food plants by the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species; see list of Lepidoptera that feed on Malus.
The fruit is a globose pome, varying in size from 1–4 cm diameter in most of the wild species, to 6 cm in M. sylvestris sieversii, 8 cm in M. sylvestris domestica, and even larger in certain cultivated orchard apples; among the largest-fruited cultivars (all of which originate in North America) are 'Wolf River' and 'Stark Jumbo' . The centre of the fruit contains five carpels arranged star-like, each containing one to two (rarely three) seeds.
One species, Malus trilobata from southwest Asia, has three- to seven-lobed leaves (superficially resembling a maple leaf) and with several structural differences in the fruit; it is often treated in a genus of its own, as Eriolobus trilobatus.
For Malus sylvestris domestica, see Apple. The fruit of the other species is not an important crop in most areas, being extremely sour and (in some species) woody, and is rarely eaten raw for this reason. However, crabapples are an excellent source of pectin, and their juice can be made into a ruby-coloured jelly with a full, spicy flavour[2]. A small percentage of crab apples in cider makes a more interesting flavour.
Crabapples are widely grown as ornamental trees, grown for their beautiful flowers or fruit, with numerous cultivars selected for these qualities and for resistance to disease.
Some crab apples are used as rootstocks for domestic apples to add beneficial characteristics.[3] For example, varieties of Baccata, also called Siberian crab, rootstock is used to give additional cold hardiness to the combined plant for orchards in cold northern areas[4]
They are also used as pollinizers in apple orchards. Varieties of crab apple are selected to bloom contemporaneously with the apple variety in an orchard planting, and the crabs are planted every sixth or seventh tree, or limbs of a crab tree are grafted onto some of the apple trees. In emergencies, a bucket or drum bouquet of crab apple flowering branches are placed near the beehives as orchard pollenizers. See also Fruit tree pollination.
hybrid Crab apple grown for its flowering.
Because of the plentiful blossoms and small sized fruit, crab apples are popular for use in bonsai culture. Because the trees are small due to the requirements of the hobby, but still show the abundant fruit bearing of full sized crab apples, it is important to thin out fruit so that trees do not exhaust themselves.
Apple wood "makes a wonderfully luxurious firewood with a lovely scent, and smoke from an apple wood fire gives a most excellent flavour to smoked foods," [5] including Applewood cheese.
Not so science-fiction. This is on the verge of approval by the FDA. And without labeling laws no one will know they are eating it.
Currently to be able to put a "GE/GMO Free" indicator on the label of a product requires a lengthy process and a great deal of money for producers as intense and expensive as getting Organic certification (which already bans GE/GMO).
The back of the card is in the next photo in my stream explaining more plus how to take action.
Go to www.ge-fish.org for more info on how to oppose the approval of manipulated life.
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