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F.O.P. National Convention in Rhode Island, with my road partner... VA Cops from West Palm Beach Florida attended this and voted at the National Convention. We went up with 35 other Officers from several different departments. I was the President of Lodge 160 at the time.
Brasília/DF - COP 26 - O presidente da Confederação Nacional da Indústria (CNI), Robson Braga de Andrade, participa, de Brasília, da abertura do pavilhão Brasil-Glasgow na Cop-26, junto com o ministro do Meio Ambiente, Joaquim Leite e Márcio Rodrigues - Gerente de Agronegócio da APEX.
Participaram de painéis durante o dia 01/11/2021 os ministros e autoridade:
Tereza Cristina – Ministra da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento
Anderson Torres – Ministro da Justiça e Segurança Pública
Marta Giannichi, Secretaria da Amazônia e Serviços Ambientais do Ministério do Meio Ambiente.
Fotos: Iano Andrade / CNI
Biogenic products are objects produced by ancient organisms. Many paleontologists refer to these as trace fossils, but they really aren't. Examples of fossil biogenic products include eggs, amber (fossilized tree sap), coprolites (fossilized feces), and spider silk.
Fossilized tree sap (resin) is called amber. Resin that has not been completely altered to amber is called copal (“subfossilized tree sap”). The general term for such materials is resinite.
Copal ranges in age from several years old to ~33,000 years old. True amber ranges in age from a few million to hundreds of millions of years old - as far back as the Carboniferous.
Amber and copal vary in color, but are typically a rich, light- to dark-golden brown. Resinites are quite lightweight (but amber is denser than copal), and show conchoidal fracture when broken. Copal often is, and has been, passed off as true amber.
Amber is valued as a gem material for its transparency and distinctive color. Amber and copal are also valued for the frequent presence of fossil inclusions, typically insects.
The raw copal specimen seen here has no provenance information, but it is likely very geologically young. It has obvious crazing, which is surficial and near-surface cracking - this is the result of evaporation of volatile organics. Amber does not craze quickly or as deeply as copal does (see Grimaldi, 1996).
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Some references on amber & fossils in amber:
Poinar, G. & R. Poinar. 1994. The Quest for Life in Amber. Reading, Massachusetts. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. 219 pp.
Dahlström, A., L. Brost & J. Leijonhufvud. 1996. The Amber Book. Tuscon, Arizona. Geoscience Press, Inc. 134 pp.
Grimaldi, D.A. 1996. Amber, Window to the Past. New York. American Museum of Natural History. 215 pp.
Ross, A. 1998. Amber. London. The Natural History Museum. 73 pp.
Poinar, G.O. & R. Milki. 2001. Lebanese Amber, the Oldest Insect Ecosystem in Fossilized Resin. Corvallis, Oregon. Oregon State University Press. 96 pp.
Geirnaert, E. 2002. L'Ambre, Miel de Fortune et Mémoire de Vie. Monistrol-sur-Loire, France. 176 pp. [in French]
Hong Youchong. 2002. Amber Insects of China. Beijing. Beijing Scientific Publishing House. 653 pp. 48 pls. [in Chinese]
Weitschat, W. & W. Wichard. 2002. Atlas of Plants and Animals in Baltic Amber. Munich. Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. 256 pp. [excellent resource! highly recommended!]
Selden, P. & J. Nudds. 2004. Baltic amber. pp. 131-141 in Evolution of Fossil Ecosystems. Chicago. University of Chicago Press.
nothing about leaving indians in the cold, ignoring sex workers death, or other random power tripping
One of five views showing former doorways (from different angles) inside COP car No. 013140 which was originally built as a 1st / 3rd composite with internal doors splitting it into three sections.
Two sections were for 1st class passengers (smoking and non-smoking) and one for 3rd class passengers (either smoking or non-smoking, I am not sure).
First class was abolished on the Hammersmith & City route in 1936 but the last 19 O stock trailers were built as composites because they were destined to be used with P stock driving motors on the main section of the Metropolitan line.
First class was abolished on the District & Metropolitan lines during WW2 but apart from the removal of the internal doors the trailer cars retained their other partitions.
Underground in St. Albert.
Thanks to Const. Keane Block and Blue Line Racing for the phone call and the car.
3 cops vigilantly guarding peace and order in the fine city of Saint-Petersburg. Duty is often combined with checking out / flirting with girls (left), looking around (center) and just staring (right)
One of five views showing former doorways (from different angles) inside COP car No. 013140 which was originally built as a 1st / 3rd composite with internal doors splitting it into three sections.
Two sections were for 1st class passengers (smoking and non-smoking) and one for 3rd class passengers (either smoking or non-smoking, I am not sure).
First class was abolished on the Hammersmith & City route in 1936 but the last 19 O stock trailers were built as composites because they were destined to be used with P stock driving motors on the main section of the Metropolitan line.
First class was abolished on the District & Metropolitan lines during WW2 but apart from the removal of the internal doors the trailer cars retained their other partitions.