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Controlled fires are set in Spring and Autumn to reduce the leaf litter and fire load in our forests. This helps to reduce fierce wildfires in summertime during the hot time of the year.
Info for the strobist pool: Vivitar 283 manual controls. I replaced the thyristor control sensor with switched resistors. 8 stops of control with instant adjustment. Makes the ‘software’ controls on my 430ex seem impossibly tedious! The socket on the back is the one from the original thyristor sensor.
Tear outs from my notebook I kept last spring. Dedicated to my food journal and the emotions I felt everyday. I tracked myself, my every move and every meal. Counted, calculated, added, burned, totaled. It's horrible. It's never good enough. My view of good and bad was totally thrown off. 750 calories suddenly became success and 1200 was too much. It was so distorted. I needed to see the number of burned calories on the treadmill everyday and make it higher than calories consumed. Unable to maintain this goal, I felt like a failure everyday. Why did I do this to myself. I had control over my feelings and yet I set impossible expectations for myself to meet. Set myself up for failure. Then when I can't do it, I am just reaffirming what I already think of myself.
Nueva España fue el primer virreinato erguido, y por lo tanto, donde se puso en práctica el modelo español de gobernación. El virrey, cuyo término significa “en lugar del rey”, concentraba todo el poder público. Era nombrado y removido libremente por el rey, cuando el soberano quisiera podría destituir al virrey. En la Nueva España jugaba un papel de soberano, pero en realidad únicamente obedecía las órdenes del rey de España. Ejecutaba las leyes promulgadas en la metrópoli y se encargaba de vigilar los negocios del Estado. Del virrey dependía toda la estructura del gobierno.
ESTABA CONFORMADO POR:
El Real Consejo de Indias, fue instituido en 1519 y desde 1524 se le confirió autoridad suprema para discernir en los asuntos concernientes a las provincias del Nuevo Mundo. Su principal misión fue la de dejar el terreno listo para los virreinatos, creando leyes, institucionalizando a los pueblos de indias, regulando el comercio, organizando la administración pública, vigilando los puertos y negocios públicos de ultramar y ratificando nombramiento de funcionarios. Al entrar en vigor la ley de los virreinatos, el Consejo de Indias tomó en sus manos la defensa de los indígenas contra los abusos de los españoles, miembro destacado de esta etapa fue Bartolomé de las Casas. Otras instituciones de la Nueva España fueron los corregimientos, que impartían justicia y eran nombrados por la Audiencia.
I didn't like this doll's hair at all. I decided to give her a boil perm, and here she is!!! Now I adore her. Vanessa is modelling two new jewelry sets available on etsy
The 10th and final Alton Classic Bus & Country Pub Running Day hosted by the Hants & Surrey Bristol RE Group took place on Saturday 20th July 2019.
For one last time, on the Saturday before the annual Alton Bus Rally (a separate event held on the Sunday), the Hampshire countryside reverberated with the sound of Bristol RE buses trundling between country pubs and Alton Railway Station.
There were 16 buses involved made up of 14 Bristol REs (including one used as the control bus), a Leyland Leopard and a Foden PVRF6 acting as a replacement for another RE.
Bristol RE / ECW bus: HDL25E, PPM210G (control bus), FWC439H, HFM196J, TDL563K, XLJ726K, JMW169P;
Bristol RE / ECW coach: 837SUO, AFM105B, OAX9F, TFM267K;
Bristol RE / Marshall: SJA352K;
Bristol RE / Alexander (Belfast): BXI2565, BXI2599;
Leyland Leopard / ECW: HNE641N;
Foden PVRF6 / Metalcraft: NTU125.
Authorized in the Flood Control Act of 1946, construction on Gathright Dam began in 1974 and completed in 1979. The dam sits about 20 miles upstream from Covington, Va., on the Jackson River in Alleghany County, Va. The intake tower allows the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Norfolk District staff to not only control the amount of flow allowed to pass by the dam downstream, but also allows the staff to control the temperature of the water by taking in water from different depths of Lake Moomaw. (U.S. Army Photo)
Made in UK by Smiths company. I did purchase these one because of its unusual colors, it appears that it was used only in Fokker 28 airplane.
Lt Col Miroslav Brys, battalion commander from 6th Airborne, Polish Land Forces, coordinates support for his soldiers during the field and command post training leading up to the Bagram XI exercise. Bagram is a biannual exercise that test and certify that the Polish Task Force White Eagle members are ready for their mission in Afghanistan. There are more than 20 U.S. military and civilians participants along with over 800 Polish participants, support staff and contractors supporting the training that is running 21-25 Feb 2012. Photo by Richard Bumgardner, US Army Europe Public Affairs.
Image of control room panels. (Nov. 2007)
Visit the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's website at www.nrc.gov/.
To comment on this photo go to public-blog.nrc-gateway.gov/2012/04/01/nrc-moves-its-publ....
As a leading manufacturer of custom control room solutions, Winsted specializes in design, development fabrication and installation of any custom workstation consoles for complex technical environments.
Our custom control room solutions are found in power and process plants, military and transportation command centers and communication centers globally. This experience taught us to consider countless intricate details when creating the ideal control room.
Control is Jesse Faden’s story. The main plot focuses on her personal search for answers as she grows into the role of the Director. The world of Control has its own story, as do the allies Jesse meets along the way. Side-quests and Secrets are everywhere. Jesse works with other Bureau agents, decodes cryptic ciphers and discovers strange Bureau experiments.
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Útil de control para verificar pieza de chapa estampada, fabricado en acero templado y con todas las galgas P/NP identificadas por colores para agilizar el control de la pieza.
It's been on my must-visit list for years, but owing to my recent obsession with building Dr. Strangelove-style control panels, my need became more pressing. So at last, I made the pilgrimage to The Black Hole, a remarkable place in Los Alamos, New Mexico.
Run by a former Los Alamos National Laboratory employee named Ed Grothus, The Black Hole is an improbable combination military surplus outlet, pacifist shrine, and "museum of nuclear waste."
Ed was on hand when I stopped by, so I had the opportunity to talk with him, watch his presentation on the perils of atomic warfare, learn about his plans to erect a pair of "Rosetta Stones for the Nuclear Age" in Los Alamos, and, of course, wander the aisles.
Feel free to do the same, via the entire "Black Hole" photoset.
Read more on the Telstar Logistics "Employee News" blog.
“A slender and restricted diet is always dangerous not only in chronic
diseases but also in acute diseases.” Hippoctates 400B.C. Nutrition support
in critically ill is obligatory and least prioritized till date in this part of world. But
there has been a revolutionary change across the globe in last few years
since nutrition care is an essential and integral part of first line ICU protocol.
Nutrition care in the ICU presents several challenges because the usual
control mechanisms such as hunger and thirst may be missing. Despite the
huge body of evidence that Nutrition support is essential in ICU we face lots
of impediments to provide early and optimal Nutrition support. Throughout
ICU course patients and attending doctors faces cascades of challenges which more complicates the already fragile issues relating demands Vs. supply. Now a days it is not
uncommon to encounter patients who spend days and months in ICU struggling multidisciplinary
approaches. Most of well designed studies have suggested that both under and over feedings are
dangerous in critically ill hence the need to develop nutrition care plan which should be dynamic and
flexible enough to take care of all subsequent challenges.
Nutrition screening and assessment
The first step in providing appropriate nutrition therapy is to identify patients at risk and diagnose
nutritional problems. Nutritional screening and assessment are fundamental to an effective nutrition
therapy program. These should be routinely undertaken by appropriately trained and skilled nutrition
specialist. Screening and assessment have similar goals: to identify patients at risk of malnutrition or
patients who are malnourished. The first step in identifying risk factors for malnutrition is to observe
and interview patients. Questions that are commonly asked during screening should be easy and
include information about body weight changes within a given time frame and amount of oral intake .
By consensus and validations there is an urgent need to roll down our own assessment tool with an
Indian perspective.
Nutrition support
There are lots of myths about Nutrition support in ICU such as bowel sounds are absent , large
gastric residuals , diarrhea , proteins are restricted in ARF and so on. There are plenty of unmet
needs and there is an urgent need to change the dogmatic picture. Many a times critically ill patients
receive even less than half of the actual caloric needs.
Since there is no true biomarker of adequacy of nutritional status we solely rely on tools and
clinical skills. There is no doubt that starvations is bad for both community dwellers and critically
ill patients.Even well nourished critically ill patients passes through cascades of metabolic and
immunological events which ultimately affects host defense and both short and long term
outcome.
“ We can’t solve problems by using same kind of thinking we used them when we created them.”
- Albert Einstein
Free Photos – 50W Temperature Controlled Soldering Iron
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Full Size Up to 3072 x 2304 pixels
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This is the Master Control Room for WBRE in Wilkes-Barre, PA. The Master Control Room for WYOU is to the right of the photo. This is the most important room in the building as it's where all the programming and commercials are ran from. This room is manned 24/7/365 by two people.
Laurel, MD: Firefighters light a controlled burn with drip torches at Patuxent National Research Refuge to maintain habitat for grassland birds.
Credit: Catherine J. Hibbard/USFWS
Gangaikonda Cholapuram (Tamil: கங்கைகொண்ட சோழபுரம்) was built during medieval India and was erected as the capital of the Cholas by Rajendra Chola I, the son and successor of Rajaraja Chola, the great Chola who conquered a large area in South India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Sumatra, Kadaram (Kedah in Malaysia), Cambodia and others at the beginning of the 11th century A.D. It occupies an important place in the history of India. As the capital of the Cholas from about 1025 A.D. for about 250 years, the city controlled the affairs of entire southern India, from the Tungabhadra in the north to Ceylon in the south and other south east Asian countries. As of 2014, the ancient city exists as a small forlorn village in the Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu, India. The great temple of Siva at this place is next only to the Brihadisvara temple at Thanjavur in its monumental nature and surpasses it in sculptural quality. The Gangaikondaan temple is an architectural and engineering marvel.
CITY
The city was founded by Rajendra Chola to commemorate his victory over the Pala Dynasty. The name means The town of the chola who brought Ganga (water from Ganga) or who defeated (the kings near) Ganga. It is now a small village, its past eminence only remembered by the existence of the great Siva Temple. Rajendra Chola-I (1012-1044 A.D) son of the Great Rajaraja-I, established this temple after his great victorious march to river Ganges on Northern India. He assumed the title of Rajendra during his coronation and continued to rule along with his father Rajaraja-I for a while. He was awarded the supreme title of the Cholas known as Parakesari.
Rajendra-I, a great warrior, assisted his father in numerous expeditions to elevate the Cholas to supreme power. The various expeditions he conducted, were : Gangetic expedition, eastern/Western Chalukyas expedition, war against Cheras/Pandyas, Ceylon expedition, Kataram (currently called as Kedah) expedition.
His empire included the whole of southern India to the river Thungabathra in the north. For administrative and strategic purposes he built another capital and named it Gangaikondacholapuram. The Gangaikondacholapuram temple he constructed consists of 3 stories and was surrounded by a huge fort-like wall, the outer wall largely destroyed during the English rule (1896) to reuse the building material (granite rocks) for constructing the Lower Anicut, the dam built across river Kollidam. He built around 10 temples at various places.
He assumed the title of Gangaikonda Cholan and named his new capital as Gangaikondacholapuram and he also constructed a huge Lake known as Chola Gangam that spreads 22 km mainly used for drinking and irrigation. A statue of Rajendra-I is found in Kolaram temple at Kolar of Karnataka state in India.
C. 1022 C.E. Rajendra undertook an expedition to the Ganges along the east coast of peninsular India. The emperor himself lead the army up to the banks of the Godavari river. The Chola armies conquered all the countries north of Vengi, which included Kalinga, Odda, Southern Kosala, the lower and upper Lada and finally the Vangaladesa (Bengal). The triumphant Chola armies brought back waters from the river Ganges in golden vessels. Around the same time, the Cholas under the illustrious Rajendra Chola I also vanquished the Chalukyas of Manyakheta when the Chola protectorate of Vengi was threatened by Chalukyas Jayasimha II. Rajendra Chola I defeated Jayasimha-II Chalukya at Maski (Muyangi in Chola annals) between Eluru and Visayavadai (modern Vijayawada) and subsequently engaged the Chalukya in Kannada country itself i.e. in the Chalukyas capital of Mannaikadakkam (Manyakheta) "the war in which the Chalukya Jayasimha-II, full of fear, hid like a mouse and fled the battlefield". The Chola armies seized the Chalukya flag, decapitated or slew various generals of the Chalukyas, with the Chalukyan king fleeing the battlefield. The Chalukya King surrendered his wife to the victorious Chola monarch. With the Chola coffers filling up with riches from the Chalukya country, they were able to establish their hold of the region between the Vaigai/Kaveri delta in Tamil country up to the Tungabhadra-Krishna basins in the Maharashtra-Andhra region. To commemorate this celebrated victory, Rajendra assumed the title of Gangaikonda Cholan, "Irattapadi-konda Cholan", "Mannai-kondan" (the king who possessed Irattapadi (erstwhile land of the Rashtrakutas usurped by the Salukkis (Chalukyas) and the king who possessed (the Chalukyan capital) Manyakheta (Mannaikadakkam in Chola annals) and had the Siva Temple Gangakkondacholeswaram built (***). Soon the capital was moved from Thanjavur to Gangaikondacholapuram. The city of Gangaikondacholapuram was probably founded by Rajendra before his 17th year. Most of the Chola kings who succeeded Rajendra were crowned here. They retained it as their capital, reoriented and trained the efficient Chola army.
CHOLA CULTURE
Chola rulers were active patrons of the arts. They flourished in architectures, education, science, arts, ship construction, poetry, drama, music, business trading, dance. The beautiful Nataraja figure was first conceived during the Chola empire.
They constructed enormous stone temple complexes decorated inside and out with painted sculptures. While the stone sculptures and the inner sanctum image empowering the temple remained immovable, changing religious concepts during the 10th century demanded that the deities take part in a variety of public roles similar to those of a human monarch. As a result, large bronze images were created to be carried outside the temple to participate in daily rituals, processions, and temple festivals. The round lugs and holes found on the bases of many of these sculptures are for the poles that were used to carry the heavy images. They were admired for the sensuous depiction of the figure and the detailed treatment of their clothing and jewelry in Chola-period bronzes.
FORTIFICATIONS
Nudging from the available literature and the remains we may conclude that it was an extensive city, carefully planned and laid in accordance with the architectural treatises to suit the needs of a capital.
The city seems to have had two fortifications, one inner and the other outer. The outer was probably wider. The remains of the outer fortification can be seen as a mound running all around the palace.
The outer fortification built of burnt bricks, was about six to eight feet wide. It consisted of two walls, the intervening space (the core) being filled with sand. The bricks are fairly large in size and are made of well-burnt clay. Systematic brick robbing by the local inhabitants has reduced this structure to its current state.
The outer fortification was known as Rajendra Chola Madil and is mentioned in inscriptions. The inner fortification was around the royal palace, probably identical with the Utpadi vittu madil of the inscriptions.
Probably in the reign of Kulothunga Chola I, the fortifications were renewed and the city underwent some alteration and additions. An epigraph refers to the fort wall of Kulothunga Chola (Kulottunga Cholan Thirumadil). The strengthening of the fortification and additions to the city in the reign of Kulothunga I were probably necessitated by the uprising which led to the murder of Chola king Athithakarikal Cholain the sambuvaraya's palace of Melakadambur, Kulothunga's predecessor. By the 13th century, the Chola kingdom had exhausted its resources and was on the decline. It succumbed to an attack by the Hoysalas from the west and the Pandyas from the south. The last king of the Medieval Cholas was Rajendra Chola-III.
THE CHOLA ADMINISTRATION
The Chola administration served as a model for all the other kingdoms of the South. The king had a council of ministers. The kingdom was divided into a number of provinces known as mandalams, The mandalams in turn were divided into valanadu and nadus. The next administrative sub divisions were kurrams and kottams. The special feature of the Chola administration was the Local Self Government or the autonomous administration. The villagers themselves carried out village administration. It was more or less like the modern Panchayat Raj. Each village had a village assembly known as the ur or the sabha. The members of the sabha were elected by lot, known as kudavolai system. There was a committee to look after the specified departments, such as justice, law and order, irrigation etc., which were called as variyams.
ARCHITECTURE
The temple of Gangaikondacholisvara is approached through the eastern entrance from the road. The entrance is called the "Mahaduvar" leads to the inner court. As one steps in, the great Vimana arrests the visitor's sight. The Vimana with its recessed corners and upward movement presents a striking contrast to the straight-sided pyramidal tower of Thanjavur but with octagon shape of Dravidian architecture. As it rises to a height of 55 m and is shorter than the Thanjavur tower with larger plinth, it is often described as the feminine counterpart of the Thanjavur temple. The Vimana is flanked on either side by small temples; the one in the north now housing the Goddess is fairly well preserved. The small shrine of Chandikesvara is near the steps in the north. In the north-east are a shire housing Durga, a well called lion-well (simhakeni) with a lion figure guarding its steps and a late mandapa housing the office. Nandi is in the east facing the main shrine. In the same direction is the ruined gopura, the entrance tower. The main tower surrounded by little shrines truly presents the appearance of a great Chakravarti (emperor) surrounded by chieftains and vassals. The Gangaikondacholapuram Vimana is undoubtedly a devalaya chakravarti, an emperor among temples of South India.
ROYAL PALACE
The royal palace also was built of burnt brick. The ceilings were covered with flat tiles of small size, laid in a number of courses, in fine lime mortar. The pillars were probably made of polished wood, supported on granite bases; a few pillar bases have survived to this day. Iron nails and clamps have been recovered from this palace site. There is an underground tunnel that links the palace and the temple inner 1st pragara (north).
In the reign of Virarajendra Chola, Rajendra's third son, the palace at Gangaikondacholapuram is referred to as Chola-Keralan Thirumaligai (Chola Keralan palace) evidently after one of the titles of Rajendra I. The same inscription mentions a few parts of the palace as adibhumi (the ground floor), Kilaisopana (the eastern portico), and a seat named Mavali vanadhirajan. Evidently the palace was multistoried. In an inscription dated in the 49th year of Kulothunga I (1119 C.E.) reference is made to Gangaikondacholamaligai at this place. It is likely that there were more than one royals building each having their own name.
CATASTROPHE ON GANGAIKONDACHOLAPURAM
As per the available evidences, the last Chola King Rajendra Chozha III’s rule did not end due to any defeat in the war field. But devastations are available underneath, which proves that some major catastrophe happened around Gangaikondacholapuram which brought the Chola’s Rule to an end. After about six/eight decades, the Chola region was taken over by Pallava from whom it was Hoysala and then to Vijaya Nagar Rule. During Vijaya Nagar Rule, lots of settlements by Telugu, Telugu Brahmins, Kannada etc.happened. It is also evident that while the farmers tried to dig wells for farming around Gangaikondacholapuram, it was revealed to the world that the Palace buildings and other constructions are underneath about 50 – 80 feet depth.
EXPEDITION TO THE GANGES
With both the Western and Eastern Chalukya fronts subdued, Rajendra’s armies undertook an extraordinary expedition. 1019 CE Rajendra’s forces continued to march through Kalinga.
Kalinga was a kingdom in central-eastern India, which comprised most of the modern state of Orissa, as well as some northern areas of the bordering state of Andhra Pradesh to the river Ganges. The Emperor himself led the advance up to the river Godavari.
The Chola army eventually reach the Pala kingdom of Bengal where they met Mahipala I,considered the second founder of the Pala Empire . Gopala I established the dynastic rule of the Palas in the middle of the 8th century C.E and defeated him.
According to the Tiruvalangadu Plates, the campaign lasted less than two years in which many kingdoms of the north felt the might of the Chola army. The inscriptions further claim that Rajendra defeated the armies of Ranasura and entered the land of Dharmapala and subdued him and thereby he reached the Ganges and caused the river water to be brought back to the Chola country. The new conquests opened up new routes for the Cholas to head for distant lands like Burma by land (through what are now modern Orissa, West Bengal, Assam and Bangladesh).
It is true that Rajendra's army defeated the kings of Sakkarakottam and Dhandabhukti and Mahipala. These territories were initially added to the kingdom, while later they had the status of tribute paying subordinates and trade partners with the Chola Kingdom, an arrangement that lasted till the times of Kulothunga-III and to a limited extent, of Raja Raja-III too. It was undoubtedly an exhibition of the power and might of the Chola empire to the northern kingdoms. But the benevolent leadership of the Cholas treated them in a benevolent manner and did not permanently annexe them to the Chola dominions.
ROADS AND CITY GATES
Besides the names of the palace and fort walls, the names of a few roads and streets are preserved in the epigraphs. The entryways named Thiruvasal, the eastern gate and the Vembugudi gate, evidently the south gate leading to the village Vembugudi situated in that direction are mentioned. Reference is also found to highways named after Rajaraja and Rajendra as Rajarajan Peruvali and Rajendran Peruvali. Other streets mentioned in epigraphs are the ten streets (Pattu teru), the gateway lane (Thiruvasal Narasam) and the Suddhamali lane. The inscription also refers to the highways, Kulottungacholan Thirumadil peruvali, Vilangudaiyan Peruvali and Kulaiyanai pona Peruvali (the highway through which a short elephant passed by).
CITY LAYOUT
The epigraphs also refer to the Madhurantaka Vadavaru, now called the Vadavaru, running about six kilometers east of the ruined capital. Madhurantaka Vedavaru, named after one of the titles of Rajendra I, was a source of irrigation to a vast stretch of land bordering the capital. An irrigation channel called Anaivettuvan is also mentioned.
"Anaivettuvan" - Anai means irrigation (step irrigation) vettuvan means labour or engineer. Hence the above seque is not matching, more over Hindu dharam never allows to kill elephant.Another possible meaning of "AnaiVettuvan" - Anai means Dam, vettuvan means constructor (labour or engineer).
There were both wet and dry lands inside the Fort, used for cultivation and other purposes. The present positions of the existing temples throw some light on the lay out of the city. With the palace as the centre to the city, the great temple, and the other temples in the city seem to have been erected. Towards the northeast (Isanya) of the palace is the great temple of Siva. The Siva temple according to Vastu and traditional texts should be in the northeast of the city or village and should face east. The temple of Vishnu should be in the west.
A number of small tanks and ponds mentioned in inscriptions and a number of wells, supplied drinking water to the residents.
WIKIPEDIA