View allAll Photos Tagged complexity
Some composers are downright sadistic. I had to keep the camera between me and the keyboard, so even with the composited third arm and foot, it was still a challenge trying to reach the keys. If you can zoom in to 100% you can read the composer's instructions on the music - they're hilarious.
Um fractal é um objeto geométrico que pode ser dividido em partes, cada uma das quais semelhante ao objeto original. Diz-se que os fractais têm infinitos detalhes, são geralmente autossimilares e independem de escala. Em muitos casos um fractal pode ser gerado por um padrão repetido, tipicamente um processo recorrente ou iterativo.
Operating linkages, German State Railway 043100-7 heavy-freight steam locomotive, 1939 - Sinsheim Auto & Technik Museum, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
P5085625 Anx2 1400h Q90
Another shot of the Central City Tower, Surrey. The curves running diagonally across the shot are actually horizontal lines; but because the face of the building is curved, the lines look like their radiating out.
In a somewhat isolated section of Perseus approximately four-degrees east of the California Nebula and two-degrees south are three relatively obvious stars which dominate the field of view in a small to moderate-sized amateur telescope. The northern most star V590 is a variable star. It also goes by the name of Struve 533 indicating it is a double star. The middle star, 55 Persei, is a single blue-white star while the most southern of the three stars, 56 Persei (also known as Struve 81) is a Multiple Star System (at least three known stars and possibly four).
Stars come in many sizes, luminosities, and colors. They are born, age and die. They are born in groups but often do not stay with their stellar siblings but move away from their birthplace as lone stars (like our sun) or in small gravitationally bound pairs or multiples. Each star is just not a star -- but a unique story in and of itself.
These three stars reflect the complexity contained in the stars. The primary star of V590 pulses in size and brightness and shines light-blue while its companion is a more subdued orange color. The middle star (55 Persei) is a brilliant bright blue single star while the equally bright yellow southern star (56 Persei) is a multiple star of which only its brightest companion can be seen in my refractor -- it is a white dwarf – a highly dense cinder of a dying star whose internal nuclear force has long been extinguished.
Through the telescope these three stars may look similar, but each is a study of its own. The same goes for all the other one-hundred billion stars in just our home galaxy (one galaxy of two trillion in the visible universe). Looks like that alone is justification (as if I need it) to spend some additional time at the telescope.
To see additional astronomy drawings visit: www.orrastrodrawing.com
“You look back on some little decision you made and realize all the things that happened because of it, and you think to yourself "if only I'd known," but, of course, you couldn't have known.”
― Mary Downing Hahn, The Dead Man in Indian Creek
MONCALIERI (TO) - Via Juglaris, edificio di edilizia popolare anni '70 (forse INA-casa?), non-status-symbol di regione Carpice (Santa Maria di Moncalieri).
Natural shorelines provide rich complexity of surfaces, textures, angles and niches for marine life. Narrabeen Head Aquatic Reserve
Stu Kauffman just gave a fascinating talk at the Almaden Institute on Complexity.
I would bet that his discussion of cells and genetic signaling networks will also apply to the brain and synaptic networks. The evolution of evolution itself moves up a hierarchy of abstractions to act at the network topology level.
Here are my rough notes from Kauffman’s talk:
Cells are dynamically critical because being critical is the best way to coordinate complex behaviors. (critical meaning the edge between chaos and order)
We have been taught that natural selection is the only source of order. What if there was a law that governs all of biology? It would be profound and would alter our view of biology. There are organizing principles that biology “obeys” because it is selectively useful. It’s like finding one of Newton’s law of motion for cells.
Cells are very complex. Genetic regulatory nets:
Transcriptome in yeast regulates 6500 genes, Humans: 25K
Transcription factor -> promoter or enhancer. Protein signaling cascades.
Transcriptome+protein signaling network is a parallel processing non-linear stochastic dynamical system.
Huge web. Nobody knows structures and dynamics.
Systems biology is trying to look for general laws
10^8000 genome state space.
Percolate: order, all fixed states.
Derrida deconstructionist. Mafia+deconstructionist = make you an offer you can’t understand
Hamming distance. Fan-in of K=2 or less. Take a Random network. Take 60K logic gates at random. Each gate has 2 inputs. The system Behavior is simple. It spontaneously goes to ordered regime. Nearby states converge. Dt = Dt+1 is the critical line.
Being critical is very, very rare. If it exists, it must have been selected for over 3.8B years of evolution.
Why cells should be critical?
Cells must bin past discriminations to future reliable actions
• Order: convergence in state space forgets past distinctions. Info-lossy
• Chaotic: small noise yields divergence in state space trajectories precluding reliable action
• Critical: near parallel flow optimizes capacity to bind past and future
Bacteria: operons for different food and different enzymes
Critical Boolean networks maximize robustness to mutations
Cell types correspond to attractors
Critical networks maximize the probability that such mutations leave all existing attractors intact and occasionally add new attractors.
Thus, critical networks optimize robustness of cell types to mutations and the capacity to evolve new cell types.
Mutual information: correlation between 2 variables. Entropy of variable A + B – joint entropy. Between 0 and 1. 0 = no correlation.
Ways to go from order and chaos. Inputs: order until K=2, peak for criticality.
If k greater than 2, then put lots of 1’s in there. P-bias of .15
Model of floral development shows criticality.
E.Coli: apply random 1500 values on real network; also to Yeast medusa network, 200 regulatory genes in medusa head, rest are regulated 3500 genes (humans 2500 regulating genes in medusa head, 23K regulated). If apply random Boolean functions to the yeast network, why would it be critical? This is about the dynamics of the networks. Cells do thermodynamic work. Work is constrained release of energy in few degrees of freedom, but it takes work to create the constraints. Cells do this, but we don’t have concepts for it in physics.
Hela 48 hourly time point. Affy gene array data. Lempel-Ziv analysis. Cells clearly are not chaotic; they are either ordered or critical (data lie on top of each other)
Avalanche size distribution. Deletion – see how many other genes change. Log-log straight line power law. Slope -1.5 power law (critical branching process). 250 yeast deletions, measure how many alter their activity. Ilya’s work.
NCD: normalized compression distance. Analysis of toll-like receptors on surface of macrophage. Ideal compressor. Take random length n, concatenate 2 of them. Ideal compressor will compress to n. 2 random ones, won’t be able to compress it. The more you can compress, the more similar they are. Regression gives a diagonal line, indicating it is critical. Nature, Dec 2006 Max Planck. Binary and ternary discretization leads to line that is critical. It’s breathtaking.
This is self-organization in nature via natural selection. If this is right, it may be a general law, one of the few laws in biology (e.g., Darwin, a few in ecology and population genetics). We will create life anew in the next 15 years. My bet is that life anywhere in the universe will be critical because it is the best way to coordinate complex behaviors.
All credibility, all good conscience, all evidence of truth come only from the senses.
Friedrich Nietzsche
I like this one best; )
Unnecessary complexity, chaos, financial woe and a gradual erosion are all symptoms of a sick NHS in the UK. However, most of us who reside in the UK already know this, so I opted for a more subtle conceptual approach that can be compared to a mechanism of infinite complexity, that cannot do the job that it was originally created to do.
I also attempted to address abitrariness and the intrinsic nature of the NHS to British culture/society, both conceptually and actually. I won't expand on these ideas any further in written form, because the perception of the viewer is intrinsic to the arts, particularly to abstract art.
The idea of inserting text into the already complex visual forms, was to attempt to render the text partially unreadable and to partially cohere text with the visual forms. Some words retain an identity seperate from the visual forms and "shout out" phrases, some that appear to be abitrary and others, such as "Whistleblow" "Car Crash" "Corporate" and "illegal" that have a direct relevence to the overriding concept of the work.
Simon
Sometimes complexity is preferable to simplicity, but I’ve tried to simplify the forms in this shot to create some kind of order in the tangled branches. For me the shot is about the overall composition and you should have seen me moving from side to side trying to give the trees space. For anybody that has tried this shot, I’m sure you will know what I’m talking about. Anyway, I also love the way the fog has helped give this shot some depth into the forest, but also in colours. I love the blues in the distance juxtaposed against the oranges, greens and yellows of the foreground. Anyway, hope you find the shot interesting if nothing else...
An interesting little building I see every morning on my way to work. It is one of my favourites of its size. The more I study it the more I understand about the complexity and contradictions of todays local society. Eager to go forward and yet so pre occupied with traditional symbols and values.... — at Riyadh, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia.
VAR_4432T
Dopo le falesie, e spiagge non molto attraenti ma con un negozio di articoli da mare che mi ha riportato alla mente le mie vacanze jesolane (colpa dell'odore. Tutti i negozi che vendono salvagenti e affini hanno lo stesso odore. E io quell'odore, per anni l'ho sentito solo a Jesolo. È tranquillizzante, comunque trovare potenzialmente un po' di Jesolo in tutto il mondo), dopo il porto des Minimes con le sue banchine e le centinaia di barchette ormeggiate; dopo tutto ciò, finalmente, si vede La Rochelle, quella iconica. Con le torri che stanno all'imboccatura del porto vecchio e la chiesa metà chiesa e metà torrione.
A vederla un po' da lontano, sulla diga (non molto diga, veramente, molto più passeggiata buona per passeggiare a piedi e in bicicletta, portarci il cane e pescare), c'è ancora una volta quel senso di dejà vu che hai quando vedi dal vero qualcosa che hai sempre visto in foto o alla tv. Un po' come sul ponte di Rialto o davanti alla Tour Eiffel.
Ed è bello cominciare da una diga che si protrae verso l'oceano, perché così l'approccio è quasi lo stesso di un navigatore che finalmente, via mare, arriva al porto vecchio, con l'entrata, le torri e tutto il resto, come era stata pensata e immaginata da chi ha costruito tutta La Rochelle. Entrare dalla porta principale pur non essendo in barca, insomma.
Così a La Rochelle, in qualche modo, ho potuto arrivarci via mare, vederla avvicinarsi piano piano e immergermi in essa gradualmente, come sempre si dovrebbe fare, per lasciarsi conquistare.
Pacer 142 014 forming the 14:17 from Manchester Piccadilly to Chester, at Skelton Junction. The derelict line to the left was the Cheshire Lines to Glazebrook, with a further connection to the LNW line to Broadheath and Warrington. The Pacer is about to bear left, and join the MSJA, now Metrolink, into Navigation Road. 3rd July 2017.
This exposed root system reminds me of neural tissue and the complexity of the human brain.
The stump looks like the cell body of a single neuron. The roots like axons or dendrites that lead away and interconnect with other neurons. The connections between nerve cells are called synapses.The average brain contains 100 trillion neural connections, or synapses. That is at least 1,000 times the number of stars in our galaxy.