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The Old Summer Palace, known in Chinese as Yuanming Yuan (圆明园; "Gardens of Perfect Brightness"), and originally called the Imperial Gardens (御园), was a complex of palaces and gardens in present-day Haidian District, Beijing, China. It is located 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) northwest of the walls of the former Imperial City section of Beijing. Constructed in the 18th and early 19th centuries, the Old Summer Palace where the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty and his successors resided and handled state affairs; the Forbidden City was used for formal ceremonies. The Old Summer Palace was known for its extensive collection of garden and building architecture and other works of art. It was also called the "Garden of Gardens" (万园之园) in its heyday.
In 1860, during the Second Opium War, as the Anglo-French expedition force relentlessly approached Beijing, two British envoys, a journalist for The Times and a small escort of British and Indian troopers were sent to meet Prince Yi under a flag of truce to negotiate a Qing surrender. Meanwhile, the French and British troops reached the palace and conducted extensive looting and destruction. Later on, as news emerged that the negotiation delegation had been imprisoned and tortured, resulting in 20 deaths, the British High Commissioner to China, Lord Elgin, retaliated by ordering the complete destruction of the palace, which was then carried out by British troops.
The Imperial Gardens at the Old Summer Palace were made up of three gardens:
Garden of Perfect Brightness proper (圆明园)
Garden of Eternal Spring (长春园)
Elegant Spring Garden (绮春园)
Together, they covered an area of 3.5 square kilometers (860 acres), almost five times the size of the Forbidden City grounds and eight times the size of the Vatican City. Hundreds of structures, such as halls, pavilions, temples, galleries, gardens, lakes and bridges, stood on the grounds.
In addition, hundreds of examples of Chinese artwork and antiquities were stored in the halls, along with unique copies of literary works and compilations. Several famous landscapes of southern China had been reproduced in the Imperial Gardens.
Western Mansions
Main article: Xiyang Lou
The most visible architectural remains of the Old Summer Palace can be found in the Western mansions (Xiyang Lou) section of 18th century European-style palaces, fountains and formal gardens. These structures, built partly of stone but mainly with a Chinese infrastructure of timber columns, colored tiles and brick walls, were planned and designed by the Jesuit Giuseppe Castiglione with Michel Benoist responsible for the fountains and waterwork. Qianlong Emperor became interested in the architectural project after seeing an engraving of a European fountain, and employed Castiglione and Benoist to carry out the work to satisfy his taste for exotic buildings and objects.
Western-style palaces, pavilion, aviaries, a maze, fountains, basins, and waterworks as well as perspective paintings organized as an outdoor theater stage were constructed. A striking clock fountain was placed in front of the largest palace, the Haiyan Tang. The fountain had twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac that spouted water in turn every 2 hours, but all spouting water in concert at noon. These European-style buildings however only occupied an area along the back of the Garden of Eternal Spring that was small compared to the overall area of the gardens. More than 95% of the Imperial Gardens were made up of Chinese-style buildings. There were also a few buildings in Tibetan and Mongol styles, reflecting the diversity of the Qing Empire.
In 1860, during the Second Opium War, British and French expeditionary forces, having marched inland from the coast at Tianjin (Tientsin), arrived in Beijing (Peking).
In mid-September, two envoys, Henry Loch and Harry Parkes went ahead of the main force under a flag of truce to negotiate with Prince Yi and representatives of the Qing Empire at Tongzhou (Tungchow). After a day of talks, they and their small escort of British and Indian troopers (including two British envoys and Thomas William Bowlby, a journalist for The Times) were taken prisoner by the Qing general Sengge Rinchen. They were taken to the Ministry of Justice (or Board of Punishments) in Beijing, where they were confined and tortured. Parkes and Loch were returned after two weeks, with 14 other survivors. 20 British, French and Indian captives died. Their bodies were barely recognizable.
On the night of 5 October, French units diverted from the main attack force towards the Old Summer Palace. At the time, the palace was occupied by only some eunuchs and palace maids; the Xianfeng Emperor and his entourage had already fled to the Chengde Mountain Resort in Hebei. Although the French commander Charles Cousin-Montauban assured his British counterpart, James Hope Grant, that "nothing had been touched", there was extensive looting by French and British soldiers. There was no significant resistance to the looting, even though many Qing soldiers were in the vicinity.
On October 18, Lord Elgin, the British High Commissioner to China, retaliated against the torture and executions by ordering the destruction of the Old Summer Palace. Destroying the Old Summer Palace was also thought to be a way of discouraging the Qing Empire from using kidnapping as a bargaining tool. It took 3,500 British troops to set the entire place ablaze, and the massive fire lasted for three days. Unknown to the troops, some 300 remaining eunuchs and palace maids, who concealed themselves from the intruders in locked rooms, perished with the burnt palace buildings. Only 13 buildings survived intact, most of them in the remote areas or by the lakeside. The palace was again sacked and completely destroyed in 1900 when the forces of the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing.
British and French looters preferred porcelain (much of which still graces British and French country houses) while neglecting bronze vessels prized locally for cooking and burial in tombs. Many such treasures dated back to the Shang, Zhou and Han dynasties and were up to 3,600 years old. A specific exception was the looting of the Haiyantang Zodiac fountain with its twelve bronze animal heads. Some of the most notable treasures ended up at the Chinese Museum in the Palace of Fontainebleau, which Empress Eugénie specifically set up in 1867 to house these newly acquired collections.
Once the Old Summer Palace had been reduced to ruins, a sign was raised with an inscription in Chinese stating, "This is the reward for perfidy and cruelty". The burning of the palace was the last act of the war.
According to Professor Wang Daocheng of the Renmin University of China, not all of the palace was destroyed in the original burning. Instead, some historical records indicate that 16 of the garden scenes survived the destruction in 1860. Wang identifies the Republican era and the Cultural Revolution as two significant periods that contributed further to the destruction of the Old Summer Palace. Photographic evidence and eye witness accounts make it clear that (although the palace complex was initially protected by the Qing emperors)it was during the Boxer Rebellion and in the immediate aftermath of the fall of the dynasty when most of the surviving structures were destroyed. Further, the Imperial household itself sold off the magnificent trees in the garden for revenue during the 1890s and after 1900 the palace was used as a veritable builder's yard for anyone who wanted construction materials. Entire buildings were built of materials taken from the Yuanming Yuan and smart Peking houses were adorned with sculptures and architectural elements plundered from the site.
Like the Forbidden City, no commoner had ever been allowed into the Old Summer Palace, as it was used exclusively by the imperial family of the Qing Empire. The burning of the Old Summer Palace is still a very sensitive issue in China today. The destruction of the palace has been perceived as barbaric and criminal by many Chinese, as well as by external observers. In his "Expédition de Chine", Victor Hugo described the looting as, "Two robbers breaking into a museum. One has looted, the other has burnt. one of the two conquerors filled its pockets, seeing that, the other filled its safes; and they came back to Europe laughing hand-in-hand. Before history, one of the bandits will be called France and the other England." In his letter, Hugo hoped that one day France would feel guilty and return what it had plundered from China.
Mauricio Percara, journalist and Argentine writer who works at China Radio International, talks about the apology through the literature by Victor Hugo and mentioned in his story entitled redemption the bust of the French writer located in the old Summer Palace: "at the site where their French peers ever posed his destructive feet today a radiant bust of the great Victor Hugo rises. From the old Summer Palace, the gardens of perfect brightness, a righteous French poses her look of stone in the snow falling obediently on the worn floor of the capital of the North
Following the sacking of the Old Summer Palace, the Qing imperial court relocated to the Forbidden City.
In 1873, the teenage Tongzhi Emperor attempted to rebuild the Old Summer Palace, on the pretext of turning it into a place of retirement for his two former regents, the empress dowagers Ci'an and Cixi. However, the imperial court lacked the financial resources to rebuild the palace, and at the urging of the court, the emperor finally agreed to stop the project in 1874. During the 1880s, an adjacent imperial gardens, the Gardens of Clear Ripples (the present-day Summer Palace) was restored for the use of Empress Dowager Cixi as a new summer resort, albeit on a smaller scale.
In the present day, the ruins of the European-style palaces are the most prominent building remnants on the site. This has misled some visitors to believe wrongly that the Old Summer Palace was made up only of European-style buildings.
A few Chinese-style buildings in the outlying Elegant Spring Garden also survived the fire. Some of these buildings were restored by the Tongzhi Emperor before the project was abandoned. In 1900, many of the buildings that had survived or had been restored were burnt for good by the forces of the Eight-Nation Alliance.
Most of the site was left abandoned and used by local farmers as agricultural land. Only in the 1980s was the site reclaimed by the government and turned into a historical site. The Yuanmingyuan Artists Colony became famous for germinating a new wave of painters such as Fang Lijun and musicians such as Fa Zi on the site before it was shut down by the government and many artists relocated to the Songzhuang area outside of Beijing. Debates in the 1990s arose regarding restoration and development issues and a more recent environmental controversy brought a new political life to the park as it became a symbol of China's "national wound".
from Wikipedia
A compilation of images of the Solar Eclipse taken a year ago in Missouri, USA.
Timelapse: youtu.be/YJ6bf-ploqs
I don't understand why but I have been going crazy for the color cream this winter :)
Yhishara is wearing (from top to bottom) -
Hat – Bliss Hair (a division of Bliss Couture) – Edith – Champagne (Deconstructed so it was just the hat part of the hairstyle.)
Hair – Amacci – Estra – Black Coal
Skin – WoW Skins – Nessie – Tan 01
Lashes – Tameless – Lashes 27
Eyes – FTL – Cabochon Eyes II – Aonibi
Lipstick – Diamond Style – Lipstick 9
Ruffles (Neck / Wrists) – Tres Beau – E’clat – Cream (Collar modified from original)
Jacket – PurpleMoon – Adele - Pearl
Skirt – Tres Beau – E’clat - Cream
Feet – Elikatira – Move Pumps – Nude
Photographer / Model - Yhishara Cerise
Pose - customized pose
Taken on location at a private sim.
Three elements of the night sky of 30th October 2007 all compiled into one image. The moon and Venus were both taken using a 300mm lens with a 2x tele-converter. The star to the right of the moon is Sirius (The Dog Star), the brightest in all the sky, and the constellation to the right is Orion.
Explore!
I originally posted a compilation image that included this full view of my 2ftx3ft fabric-based mixed media piece plus 3 detail images. I thought that that particular collection of 4 images did a good job of summarizing the work of art. But they felt awkward as a collage so I deleted that and reposted the 4 images separately. The 3 details images, in the order I feel they are best presented, are titled “In the Garden part X of 4” but this image doesn’t have “part 1 of 4” appended to the title because it stands alone. Sense can be made of it without the context of the full collection of 4 images. And since it is a full view, it shows all the parts. Still, I think this full view is best appreciated when seen followed by the wing, eye, and signature details which give a fuller representation of the work.
Deutsche Bundesmarine Compilation Detail shot 1
Submarine type 206 waterline and full hull.
Flugkörperschnellboot (missile bearing fast attack craft) Gepard class.
Praktica B100
Weimarlux-Belichtungsmesser
Voigtländer
93-184-Auxiliary-Rangefinder-Entfernungsmesser
Carl Zeiss Lens 35mm f/2.4
Prakticar Pentacor 50mm Lens f/1.8
This Fire / Fighting type Pokemon is a skilled warrior of martial arts and uses it's muscular legs for attacks such as "Blaze Kick".
Blaziken's arms resemble chicken feet, as he uses them to subdue it's opponents with moves like "Close Combat".
I think Blaziken is just about minifig-size, and was surprisingly easy to come up with.
Here is a compilation of my 4 entries for the 'Create a Starship' contest for Eve Online. You can view each entry individually in my photostream.
I have chosen to work on a single ship class with a variation for each of the Eve online races. The classe is 'Escort Carrier'. Sub Capitals ships without jump drives. geared towards drones deployment or maybe even fighters and being mostly thought out for fleet support.
Models were designed in sketchup. Rendered in V-Ray and then textured in Photoshop.
More info, Renders, Models and Concept Art on my website: www.renderstorm.fr
Here's my next batch of these highly addictive Pokemon.
This time I've created a cut out of a beach area next to a walk way that you could find in the game.
"Listen UP!
I don’t know why you guys think you’re in charge?!
Lynns thought it was a good fucking idea to use this opportunity of being out of jail to run off and rob a God dam Best Buy with a fucking Rabbit! This is not a free-for-all! You all heard and know the consequences!
Lynns is out.
Lucky, our generous benefactor was willing to bring in a replacement…meet Sam Scudder aka Mirror Master…Temple! Adapt!”
Uh, well…Loosing Firefly increases our required time to 12 minutes…Mirror Master could gain us access through a new passage, deducting 5 minutes 24 seconds. Our final time becomes 6 minutes 76 seconds…with 30 seconds spare time incase…
“Incase?! There will be no slipups! Now I want 2 minutes off that! Listen…everyone…one more problem and we could all be goners…I want this plan down tonight…and I want it flawless…we move in…”
48 hours, 41 minutes, 37 seconds.
“…Thank you Temple…”
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Well I always want to help establish and continue the group GCW continuity, and Baricade making a cool "Hope" creation tonight with Firefly robbing a store just hours after he joined Task Force X kind of messed up that continuity. So, I adapted. And this actually works better for my story. Win, win, win.
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The Compilation
volevo mettere alcuni ritratti dell'amico Emilio, ma ero troppo indeciso. così con alcuni di essi ho fatto un collage :D
più in là ne metterò qualcuno singolo, ma mi divertiva questo mix.
I finished reworking my wrecker, It's now much more like the actual CNJ #5.
Built by the Bucyrus Company in 1918, this steam crane was designed to be able to lift up to 150 tons (300,000 lbs). It was assigned to wreck train service in northeastern PA until 1970. This crane is now preserved at Steamtown in Scranton, PA.
this is for my profile page...create your own here
just realized it´s a wonderful shortcut to the last year of my life..maybe the best i´ve ever had.. so far ;D.. thx to everyone who was a part of it!
Skarmory is a Steel / Flying type that is covered in a metallic armor, even it's wings. The wings also serve as sharp swords or knives.
They are highly territorial and attacks anyone who threatens them.
Once I saw his wings, I instantly thought of these spikes www.bricklink.com/catalogItemPic.asp?P=64727.
Unfortunately I couldn't get his body-shape so that's why he looks a bit pudgy.
All of the Spidey Rogues I've designed so far.
Hypno Hustler, Morbius, Venom, Vulture, Carnage, Hobgoblin, and Jackal.
A compilation of all my US Navy vessels build in a scale of 1/350.
The small vessels are (from top to down)
USS Brooke
USS Bainbridge
USS Oliver H. Perry
The big carrier ist the USS Enterprise CVN-65.
The 5th ship is a....WHEATERBALLON!! Ignore it! Theres nothing. Just a malfunction of POVray!
New mp3 compilation available to download here :
www.mediafire.com/?d9jp7pyauqs6a1o
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Selda - Yaylalar
Demis Rousos - When I'm a Kid
Jonzun Crew - Space Cowboy
Javelin - Lindsay Brohan
Interlude
New edition - Cool it Now
Zapp & Roger - Doo Wa Ditty (Blow That Thing)
Big Cherry - Come In Bonzo
Brentford Allstars - Greedy G
Ennio Morricone - My Name is Nobody
Vincent Malone - Le Mépris
Westwood Human Beatbox
Javelin - Snoop
Lowb - Snoop vs The Cure
Stelvio Cipriani - Un'Ombra Nell'Ombra
Excerpt of K'in Sventa Ch'ul Me'tik Kwadulupe (Fiestas of Chiapas & Oaxaca)
I was part of the live sketching crew at Hotel Jarretelle, Ghent's Burlesque festival.
It was awesome ! 1930's style acts with sexy pin-ups, feathers, exotica, fire & striptease. Difficult drawing when you can barely see what you're drawing & when the stuff happening on stage is more interesting than what's on your paper :).
Portraits done in 2017 for Julia Kay's Portrait Party!, except for mosaics & "The Revolutionaries" series.
Here is all the weapons I made for December 2010. I know it is late now, but I felt like I had to do it because I promised so. All sizes
If you could have any of these weapons, which would it be? Note the answer, but only a small box and not the entire gun.
1. St Paul's vision on the road to Damascus (or Franconisbac / Clyde Semler for JKPP),
2. Vin Ganapathy/Somannabopanna for JKPP, 3. Daniel Castro Alonso - digitally enhanced, 4. Portrait of Mariah O'Neill for JKPP, 5. renee schauecker/bhlogiston for jkpp,
6. Irena voidit, 7. Pink 1, 8. lily p, 9. AUTORRETRATO 2005,
10. maureennathan3 for jkpp, 11. rendering, 12. Eelco Dueling for JKPP, 13. Meditation
It's been a while since I put together one of these collections.... as always, I thank my flickr friends for providing constant inspiration. If you're not familiar with these artist.... check em out!