Poppy field near Belford, Northumberland. The vivid coloured flowers are being grown near the town of Belford and are harvested for their seed heads which will be used to manufacture opiates. But while the poppy fields of Afghanistan are used to produce heroin these flowers will be turned into legal prescription drugs such as morphine and codeine.

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THANKS FOR YOUR VISIT AND FAVES

ON THE REACTIONS I WILL TRY TO RESPOND BACK

Uit het gedroogde melksap van deze maanbol kan opium gewonnen worden.[1] Uit opium kunnen vervolgens morfine, heroïne, codeïne, papaverine, laudanine en noscapine gewonnen worden.

Het sap van de plant is giftig en kan bij bepaalde hoeveelheden leiden tot een langzame dood (die gekenmerkt wordt door een periode van bewusteloosheid). De plant dankt hieraan ook zijn naam.

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Opium can be obtained from the dried milky juice of this moon globe.

Morphine, heroin, codeine, papaverine, laudanine and noscapine can then be obtained from opium.

The sap of the plant is poisonous and in certain amounts can lead to slow death (characterized by a period of unconsciousness). The plant also owes its name to this.

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The moon rises over Saddlerock Lake in the Eastern Sierra.

My apologies to you all, If your wondering where I've been lately, I have been down for the count for the past five days trying to pass a 7mm kidney stone. It's still stuck in my gizzards 😫 and I am restricted to bed for long periods of time in specific body positions too reduce pain. They say passing a kidney stone is very similar to giving birth, so I guess I have been in labor for 120 hours now, "Take that ladies!!!" Haha.

If it doesn't pass in the next couple of days they will have to go in and surgically remove it, you know, like a c-section. LOL. I'll tell you what, the pain is so great at times that I actually used the Lamaze breathing technique that I learned from prenatal classes to help control severe episodes. I can't wait to get this "baby" out of there, Hehe.

Due Date.... Unknown.

No congratulations please. 😰LOL

I'm supposed to be leaving tomorrow to meet-up with Wayne Pinkston and then I was to meet-up with Ralf Rohner for a couple of days. I was also hoping to meet up with Matt Payne on the 21st but because of my illness have been unable to make the proper arrangements. This is such an important trip to me so I'm tempted to soldier through but It looks like it's going to be a painful trip if I do decide to go, I was prescribed codeine but I will be unable to take it while on the road and probably shouldn't take it when wandering around in the dark at night. What do you think, should I take my chances?

Thanks for taking the time to take a look at my photos, and as always, your views, comments, faves, and support are greatly appreciated!!

Have a great weekend ahead my friends!! :)

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THANKS FOR YOUR VISIT AND FAVES

ON THE REACTIONS I WILL TRY TO RESPOND BACK

Uit het gedroogde melksap van deze maanbol kan opium gewonnen worden. Uit opium kunnen vervolgens morfine, heroïne, codeïne, papaverine, laudanine en noscapine gewonnen worden.

Het sap van de plant is giftig en kan bij bepaalde hoeveelheden leiden tot een langzame dood (die gekenmerkt wordt door een periode van bewusteloosheid). De plant dankt hieraan ook zijn naam.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Opium can be extracted from the dried milk juice of this moon ball. Morphine, heroin, codeine, papaverine, laudanine and noscapine can then be extracted from opium.

The sap of the plant is poisonous and, in certain amounts, can lead to slow death (characterized by a period of unconsciousness). The plant also gets its name from this.

THANKS FOR YOUR VISIT AND FAVES

ON THE REACTIONS I WILL TRY TO RESPOND BACK

De onrijpe, blauwgroene vruchten en zaden van de Slaapbol kan opium gewonnen worden. Uit opium kunnen vervolgens morfine, heroïne, codeïne, papaverine, laudanine en noscapine gewonnen worden.

Het sap van de plant is giftig en kan bij bepaalde hoeveelheden leiden tot een langzame dood (die gekenmerkt wordt door een periode van bewusteloosheid). De plant dankt hieraan ook zijn naam. Het gedroogde melksap (opium) werd al eeuwen geleden in China als slaapverwekkend roesmiddel gerookt

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Opium can be extracted from the unripe, blue-green fruits and seeds of the Slaapbol. Morphine, heroin, codeine, papaverine, laudanine and noscapine can then be extracted from opium.

The sap of the plant is poisonous and can lead to a slow death in certain quantities (which is characterized by a period of unconsciousness). The plant also owes its name to this. The dried milk juice (opium) was smoked centuries ago in China as a sleep-inducing intoxicant

Measuring seven metres in diameter and created from 120dpi detailed NASA imagery of the Earth’s surface* the artwork provides the opportunity to see our planet, floating in three dimensions. Trippy in extremis especially when on codeine PKs 😆

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I done drank codeine from a broken whiskey glass

I done popped my pills and I smoked my share of grass

Slaved for the man and I broke my fuckin' back

So you can take your nine-to-five and shove it up your ass

And that 101 is like the highway in hell...

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Photo location: Walsh County

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Did you know that poppy seeds can cause a person to fail a drug test by testing positive for morphine? Morphine is an opiate derived from opium in poppies. Other drugs derived from opium include codeine and heroin. Glad they are safe to ingest since I use them whenever I make lemon poppy seed cake.

Beautiful eyes, deceiving

We may die this evening

Coughing, wheezing, bleeding

High, I'm an anxious soul

Blood moons are my eyes, stay low

Red and black, they glow

Under attack, in my soul

When it's my time, I'll know

Never seen a hell so cold

Yeah, we'll make it out, I know

We'll run right through the flames, let's go

All white Gucci suit, I'm feeling righteous, yeah

I know that the truth is hard to digest, yeah

Five or six pills in my right hand, yeah

Codeine runneth over on my nightstand

Taking medicine to fix all of the damage

My anxiety the size of a planet (yeah), oh

I’m currently laid up due to a sprained ankle and a little tendon damage sustained at Lumsdale Falls yesterday (Monday 23rd Oct).

As the codeine filters its way through my bloodstream and begins its task to block my pain receptors I processed this image through Neo and a touch of Snapseed…maybe the meds have interfered with my sense of proportion?

Poppy seeds can be used for cooking and baking. Well, sometimes also for the morphine and codeine they contain...

I never took such a close look at their structure though.

They are quite mesmerizing...

Soundtrack // Bande-son: CODEINE ("Barely Real"): www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6_hYppGp8M

"All I want's to feel... That I'm BARELY REAL..."

"Un titre bien choisi pour une ambiance heureusement indéfinissable." (VINCENT / www.flickr.com/photos/58769600@N07/)

"Magique !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!" (FLORENCE.V / www.flickr.com/photos/flo59/)

"Tu es l'expert quand il s'agit d'arbre Regi, ce solitaire est assez surreal, j'aime beaucoup !" (Jean-Marc DEPREUX / www.flickr.com/photos/149003540@N04/)

"Nicely done. Love the diagonal road below the tree. Good use of texture." (LORIN CARY / www.flickr.com/photos/lorinleecary/)

"Moody beauty." (Dave LINSCHEID / www.flickr.com/photos/33083567@N02/)

Own texture.

🎧Sølv - Codeine ~ youtu.be/aARX3kOJWeg?si=aK5XvHNgjDqeDjUj

Sunday morning, early doors and I was down at the surgery for CV19 Vaccination round four! Because of my ongoing facial travails and the attendant codeine intake the son-in-law was subpoenaed and found himself on “baby sitting the father-in-law” duties when I’m sure he’d rather have been curled up with a mug of tea and Top Gear.

On the way back he pulled off the main road for me to jump out and snap something for my POTD that wasn’t a light fitting or similar reminder of my incarceration. Instead, despite the truth being that I was still incarcerated I had managed for half a dozen frames to pretend I was outside, free and carefree!

Saturday Self Challenge: Your weather

With Tasmania being the most southerly state, summers are milder than in other parts of Australia.

This was taken on a walk along country roads in north-west Tasmania. The white on the hillside is not snow, rather a crop of poppies.

Grown under very strict regulations, farms in Tasmania produce about 50% of the world's licit poppy straw that is later refined into opiates such as morphine and codeine.

If you describe someone as lean, you mean that they are thin but look strong and healthy.

But today I discovered this:

Lean, also known as purple drank, purp, sizzurp, or oil, and several other names, is a recreational drug beverage, prepared by mixing prescription strength cough or cold syrup containing codeine and promethazine with a soft drink; that makes the user feel extremely drowsy and often euphoric.

Candid shot at the Honiton Show 2022.

Photo cred to Abs

For over a month, Darla has been suffering with back pain again. She literally could barely walk. Tried Gabapentin, a muscle relaxer, even Codeine, but nothing helped. Finally talked the vet into giving her Prednisone again and voila! She's like a new dog again and we were finally able to take a walk, all together. After seeing her sad, pained face for almost 2 months, its so good to see her happy again!

The opium poppy fructification under the sunshine.

The opium poppy fructification, or the development of the opium poppy fruit, is influenced by various environmental factors, including sunlight. The opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is known for its distinctive flowers and the production of opium, a substance that contains various alkaloids, including morphine and codeine.

Sunlight plays a crucial role in the growth and development of opium poppies. Like many plants, opium poppies require sunlight for photosynthesis, a process through which they produce energy by converting sunlight into chemical energy. This energy is essential for the synthesis of nutrients and the overall growth of the plant.

In terms of fructification, or the formation of the fruit, sunlight is important for the development and maturation of the opium poppy capsule, which contains the seeds. Adequate sunlight contributes to the proper ripening of the capsule and the seeds within. The duration and intensity of sunlight can affect the timing of flowering and seed development in opium poppies.

It's worth noting that opium poppies are cultivated for various purposes, including the production of pharmaceutical opiates and the extraction of seeds for culinary use. However, the cultivation and use of opium poppies for the production of opium and its derivatives are regulated due to their potential for misuse and the development of illegal narcotics.

In summary, sunlight is a critical environmental factor for the growth, flowering, and fructification of opium poppies, influencing the development of their capsules and seeds.

Inspired by Codeine & Hozier music.

Blog

Soundtrack // Bande-son: CODEINE ("Gravel Bed"): www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzV5uv-6rJY

"Jon thinks I've been sad enough... But I just can't agree... It's no so sad for me... (...) In A KINGDOM SO PURE... In a kingdom so pure..."

"Très belle composition Regisa... Nous sommes dans le regard de l'observateur...." (Georges LISSILLOUR / www.flickr.com/photos/geolis06/ )

"Un gentleman mérite un tel paysage sous une lumière et une terre typically Scottish :)" (VINCENT / www.flickr.com/photos/58769600@N07/)

Yo, ayo

High off ecstasy and that codeine what I'm sippin' (What I'm sippin')

This new Glock got .33, Scottie Pippen (Scottie Pippen)

Bitch, all of my niggas bangin' C's

Like we Crippin' (Like we Crippin')

Girl, you got what I need, what I been missing (What I'm missing)

Let's take that chance, want you to see that I'm different (Oh)

Back then, tryna find myself

I couldn't believe how I was trippin' (Oh)

No neighbors in the mountains, palm trees

That's how I'm living (That's how I'm living)

Every time that I pop out

Bustdown VVs, designer drippin' (Designer drippin')

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Cromford Derbyshire … I can’t say much more as I’m uploading this whilst in mild agony at daft o’clock in the morning due to a knee injury…thank the good Lord for codeine

Sur les grèves de l'Achéron, je t'attendrais éternellement pour te retrouver à la vie et ne plus se perdre dans les méandres du Styx

Papaver

Genus of flowering plants in the poppy family Papaveraceae

Papaver /pəˈpeɪvər/[2] is a genus of 70–100 species of frost-tolerant annuals, biennials, and perennials native to temperate and cold regions of Eurasia, Africa and North America. It is the type genus of the poppy family, Papaveraceae.

Quick Facts Scientific classification, Type species ...

Description

The flowers have two sepals that fall off as the bud opens, and four (or up to six) petals in red, pink, orange, yellow, or lilac. There are many stamens in several whorls around a compound pistil, which results from the fusion of carpels. The stigmas are visible on top of the capsule, and the number of stigmas corresponds to the number of fused carpels.

The ovary later develops into a dehiscing capsule, capped by the dried stigmas. The opened capsule scatters its numerous, tiny seeds as air movement shakes it, due to the long stem.

The typical Papaver gynoecium is superior (the flower is hypogynous) with a globular ovary. The style is characteristically absent for the type species opium poppy, and several others, although those with a style do exist.[3] The sessile plate-like stigmata lies on top of the ovary. Pollen-receptive surfaces. The characteristic fruit type of Papaver is the unilocular capsule. The stigmatic disc rests on top of the capsule, and beneath it are dehiscent pores or valves.[4]

Taxonomy

Divided into a number of sections by Kiger (1973, 1985),[1][5] the following are lectotypified with their lectotype species. Subsequent cladistic classification by Carolan et al. (2006) suggested Papaver was not monophyletic.

Clade 1. P. sect. Meconella, Meconopsis

Clade 2. P. sect. Carinatae, P. sect. Meconidium, P. sect. Oxytona, P. sect. Papaver, P. sect. Pilosa, P. sect. Pseudopilosa, P. cambrica, P. sect. Californicum, P. sect. Horrida and P. sect. Rhoeadium

Clade 3. P. sect. Argemonidium, Roemeria refracta

The following are lectotypified with their lectotype species:

P. sect. Carinatae (P. macrostomum Boiss. & Huet)

P. sect. Oxytona (P. orientale L.)

P. sect. Macrantha (P. orientale L.) - superfluous

P. sect. Calomecon (Calomecon orientale)

Phylogeny of Papaver and related genera

Illustration of Papaver argemone

Papaver sect. Argemonidium includes four annual, half-rosette species, P. argemone, P. pavonium, P. apulum, and P. hybridum (Kadereit 1986a). Papaver apulum, P. argemone and P. pavonium occur allopatrically from the Adriatic Sea to the Himalayan range. P. hybridum is distributed widely from the Himalayas to Macaronesian Islands.[6] These species are easily distinguished in petal and capsule characters,[6] but are clearly closely related according to molecular analysis.[3] Argemonidium is a sister group to all other Papaver sections, with characteristic indels.[3] Morphological characters also support this distinction, including the presence of an apical plug in the capsules, long internodes above the basal leaf rosette, bristly capsules and polyporate pollen grains.[6][7] Carolan et al. (2006) supported Kadereit et al. (1997)’s suggestions that Argemonidium and Roemeria are in fact sister taxa.[8] They share some morphological characters that distinguish them from Papaver, including polyporate pollen grains, and long internodes superior the basal leaf rosette.[3] Previous taxonomies of the Old World clade did include the close relationship between Argemonidium and Roemeria, nor Argemonidium’s distinctness from Papaver s.s. Carolan suggest Argemonidium be elevated to genus status, with Roemeria a sub-genus.

Papaver spicatum

Papaver sect. Meconella is widely distributed, with populations spanning central, inner and eastern Asia, Siberia, Scandinavia, northern Greenland, Canada, the Rocky Mountains, and regions of Europe.[9] It has been distinguished from other Papaver sections morphologically by its bristly, valvate capsules, pinnatisect leaves, pale stamen, and white, orange or yellow corolla.[9] Older taxonomies divided Meconella into two groups based on degree of leaf dissection (finely dissected leaves vs. broad leaf lobes). Kadereit (1990) and Kadereit and Sytsma (1992)[10] regarded finely dissected leaves as a derived character, and suggested that Meconella formed a group with Argemonidium as sister to other Papaver sects. Bittkau and Kadereit (2002) demonstrated that for P. alpinum s.l. broad leaf lobes were ancestral. Carolan et al. (2006) resolved Meconopsis as sister to sect. Meconella, forming a sister clade to the rest of Papaver, excluding Argemonidium.[8] Meconella possesses a sessile stigmatic disc, similar to the typical discs of Papaver sect. Papaver., yet differences in the disc and other morphological characters have led to suggestions that this feature may not be homologous.[8] The results of the Carolan et al. (2006) analysis present a major problem to previous taxonomy of the genera Meconopsis, and Papaver. As several species of Meconopsis (excluding M. cambrica) and P. Meconella resolved as a monophyletic group, sister to other Papaver sects., either Meconella must be elevated to genus status, or combined with the Asian species of Meconopsis, as a subgenus of Papaver.

The fire poppy, Papaver californicum, is placed in a section, Papaver sect. Californicum, on its own.[3]

Papaver sects. Californicum and Horrida have unique geographic distributions in relation to the rest of the genus. Horrida is represented by a single species Papaver aculeatum of, an annual flower native to South Africa. The capsule is glabrous narrow, long and poricidal. The vegetative parts are covered with setae, and the growth form is a rosette with rarely branching axes, and narrowly elliptical incised leaves.[4][11] P. sect. californicum, is also represented by a single annual species, of the same name. As the name implies, it is native to western North America, and is characterized by a slender, ribbed, glabrous capsule, a racemose inflorescence, yellow anthers and filaments, and valvate capsule dehiscece.[12] Previous morphological-based taxonomies of these species have led to unreliable groupings. Horrida and Pilosa have racemose inflorescences, pale filiform filaments and long capsules with flat stigmatic discs, while P. californicum and sect. Meconidium share valvate capsule dehiscence and pale filaments, but geographically these species are distinct, and do not follow molecular evidence. Commonality among these features is therefore hypothesized to be a result of convergence. In Carolan et al.’s (2006) combined ITS, trnL-F trees, both Horrida and Californicum attach to basal nodes within the main clade Papaver. Kadereit et al. (1997) postulated that Stylomecon heterophylla arose from within Papaver and should not be relegated as a separate genus. S. heterophylla and P. californicum are both native to southwestern North America, and share habitats. They are also morphologically similar, sharing glabrous buds, bright orange corollas, and yellow anthers.[12] Their capsules are different, with S. heterophylla possessing a distinct style that is reminiscent of those in many Meconopsis species. However, Carolan et al.’s (2006) analysis strongly supports a monophyletic group for S. heterophylla and P. californicum, sister to the core Papaver sects, with Horrida, basal to that grouping. They recommended that both sects. Californicum and Horrida be elevated to “subgenera” within Papaver. The authors reject the genus status of Stylomecon.

Meconopsis is composed of mostly Asian dwelling species, and a single European representative, M. cambrica. Kadereit et al. (1997) first provided evidence that this relationship is not monophyletic. Carolan et al. (2006) confirmed the separation of M. cambrica from the rest of Meconopsis. In fact, it forms a well-supported sister-group to the core sections of Papaver, excluding Argemonidium, Californicum, Horrida and Meconella.

The core sections of Papaver s.s. form a well-supported clade, consisting of Pseudopilosa, Pilosa, Papaver, Carinatae, Meconidium, Oxytona, and Rhoeadium.[3][8] Pseudopilosa spp. have a subscapose growth habit, and their distribution includes south-western Asia, northern Africa and southern Spain.[4] There are some leaves on the lower part of the flower axis carrying a single flower. Carolan et al.’s (2006) analysis placed Pseudopilosa as sister to the remaining Papaver s.s. sections. Pilosa is a single species, P. pilosum, found mostly in western Turkey [13] Sects. Pilosa and Pseudopilosa are separated based on morphological and chemical differences.[4][13]

Papaver rhoeas, a common poppy across Europe

The monophyly of Carinatae, Papaver and Rhoeadium is questionable based on current molecular evidence.[3] Papaver sect. Rhoeadium comprises seventeen annual species.[14] Carolan et al. (2006) use three representative species, P. commutatum, P. dubium, and P. rhoeas for their genetic analysis. The geographic center of Rhoeadium’s diversity is in south-western Asia and the Aegean area. They have poricidal capsules and usually dark filaments. This section is morphologically diverse however, leading Kadereit (1989) to recognize three distinct groups. The first comprises species with tetraploid and hexaploid genomes, with long capsules. The second group contains diploid species and diverse morphologies. The third group consists of diploid species and uniform morphologies. Carolan et al. (2006) showed some incongruences between their trnL-F and ITS maximum parsimony trees, showing weak support for Kadereit's (1989) groupings. Further analyses with more species and more samples will be necessary to resolve the phylogeny at this level.

Papaver has traditionally been characterized by the absence of a stigma, and the presence of a sessile stigmatic disc. Carolan et al. (2006) demonstrated that several species with this trait however are closely related to taxa possessing a style e.g. S. heterophylla and P. californicum, and P. sect. Meconella and Asian Meconopsis. This evidence, in combination with morphological differences among the discs suggests convergent evolutionary pathways. Papaver has long been considered the most derived clade within Papaveroideae, due to the belief that the stigmatic disc was an apomorphous characteristic. Sections Meconella and Californicum exhibit valvate dehiscence, and their basal position within Papaver suggest this may be an ancestral form.[3] Its presence in Meconidium, however, suggests it is also a synapomorphy within that group.

Note: Meconella (not to be confused with the genus Meconella) has an alpine and circumpolar arctic distribution and includes some of the most northerly-growing vascular land plants.

Species

There are 70–100 species, including:

Papaver acrochaetum

Papaver aculeatum : South African poppy

Papaver alboroseum : pale poppy

Papaver alpinum : dwarf poppy

Papaver amurense

Papaver apokrinomenon

Papaver apulum

Papaver arachnoideum

Papaver arenarium

Papaver argemone : long pricklyhead poppy, prickly poppy, pale poppy

Papaver armeniacum

Papaver atlanticum (syn. P. rupifragum var. atlanticum)

Papaver aurantiacum

Papaver belangeri

Papaver berberica

Papaver bipinnatum

Papaver bracteatum

Papaver burseri (syn. Papaver alpinum) - alpine poppy

Papaver californicum : fire poppy, western poppy

Papaver cambricum : Welsh poppy

Papaver clavatum

Papaver commutatum

Papaver croceum : ice poppy

Papaver curviscapum

Papaver cylindricum

Papaver dahlianum : Svalbard poppy

Papaver decaisnei

Papaver degenii : Pirin poppy

Papaver dubium : long-headed poppy, blindeyes

Papaver fugax

Papaver giganteum

Papaver glaucum : tulip poppy, Turkish red poppy

Papaver gorgoneum

Papaver gorodkovii : Arctic poppy

Papaver gracile :

Papaver guerlekense

Papaver hybridum : round pricklyhead poppy

Papaver kluanense : alpine poppy

Papaver lacerum

Papaver lapponicum : Lapland poppy

Papaver lasiothrix

Papaver lateritium

Papaver macounii : Macoun's poppy

Papaver mcconnellii : McConnell's poppy

Papaver miyabeanum : Japanese poppy

Papaver nudicaule : Iceland poppy, Icelandic poppy

Papaver orientale L.

Papaver paucifoliatum

Papaver persicum

Papaver pilosum :

Papaver polychaetum

Papaver postii

Papaver purpureamarginatum

Papaver pygmaeum : pigmy poppy

Papaver quintuplinervium : harebell poppy

Papaver radicatum : rooted poppy

Papaver rhoeas : common poppy, corn poppy, annual poppy, Flanders poppy, Shirley poppy

Papaver rhopalothece

Papaver rupifragum : Atlas poppy, Moroccan poppy, Spanish poppy

Papaver sendtneri : white alpine poppy

Papaver setiferum Goldblatt, syn. P. pseudo-orientale (Fedde) Medw. : Oriental poppy

Papaver setigerum : Poppy of Troy, dwarf breadseed poppy

Papaver somniferum : Opium poppy, breadseed poppy (Type species)

Papaver spicatum

Papaver strictum

Papaver stylatum

Papaver tenuifolium

Papaver triniifolium

Papaver umbonatum : Semitic poppy, Israeli poppy

Papaver walpolei : Walpole's poppy

History and uses

Poppies have been grown as ornamental plants since 5000 BC in Mesopotamia. They were found in Egyptian tombs. In Greek mythology, the poppy was associated with Demeter, goddess of fertility and agriculture. The origin of the cultural symbol was probably Minoan Crete, because a figurine known as the "poppy goddess" was found at a Minoan sanctuary in Crete.

The seed-heads of Papaver somniferum are slit to release the latex, which contains various alkaloids.

In the course of history, poppies have always been attributed important medicinal properties. The stems contain a milky latex that may cause skin irritation, and the latex in the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) contains several narcotic alkaloids, including morphine and codeine. The alkaloid rhoeadine, derived from the flowers of the corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas), is used as a mild sedative. Poppy seeds are used in baking and cooking, and poppyseed oil is used in cooking and pharmaceuticals, and as a radiocontrast agent.

The ancient Greeks portrayed Hypnos, Nyx and Thanatos, the gods of sleep, night and death, with the symbol of the poppy. The earliest written record appeared in the eighth century BC. Early Greek accounts seem to indicate the plant was used for euthanasia; on some Greek islands, women used it in old age to shorten the time left until natural death. Hippocrates (460–377 BC) was one of the first to emphasize the medicinal uses of the poppy and outline several methods of preparation. He described poppy juice as narcotic, hypnotic, and cathartic. He also recognized the plant's uses as food, particularly the seeds.[4] By the first century AD, Dioskorides wrote down the first poppy taxonomy. He distinguished between several different kinds, the first of which was the "cultivated" or "garden" poppies. He further distinguished two types within this category, ones with black and others with white seeds. Both had elongated capsules and the black-seeded variety was involuted. Historians speculate this variety was Papaver somniferum. Other species were in use, as well. Dioskorides named the “flowering” poppy as a type with strong hypnotic properties. This is believed to be Papaver hybridum. Finally, the “wild” poppy he described is believed to be Papaver orientale. Pliny the Elder, a Roman historian, later mentioned an “intermediate” type between the wild and cultivated poppy, likely Papaver rhoeas. He wrote about medical applications of the plant; the leaves and capsules were boiled in water to create juice, pressed and rubbed to create tablets, and the dried latex was used to form opium. These products were used in much the same way they are in many cultures today, to promote sleep and to relieve indigestion and respiratory problems.[15]

A century later, Galen wrote even more extensively about the diverse applications of various poppy products. He wrote that opium was the strongest known drug for dulling the senses and for inducing sleep. He wrote about its use to treat a variety of ailments, including eye and lung inflammation.[15]

The First (1839–1842) and Second Opium Wars (1856–1860) between China and Great Britain resulted from attempts by successive Chinese emperors to suppress increasing imports of opium into the country.[16] In the first half of the 19th century, poppy seed oil was an important food crop, but large-scale production did not begin until Europe began to manufacture morphine in the mid-19th century. While 800–1000 tons of Indian opium are processed legally each year,[when?] this represents only an estimated 5% of total opium production worldwide; the majority is produced illegally. The first factory specializing in dry capsule processing was built in 1928.[4]

Today, morphine and codeine are common alkaloids found in several poppy varieties, and are important drugs for much of the world. Australia, Turkey and India are the most important producers of poppy for medicinal use, while the US, the UK, France, Australia and Hungary are the largest processors.[17] In the United States, opium is illegal, as is possession or cultivation of the flower itself.[18] However, the law is seldom enforced when poppies are grown for culinary or ornamental use. The Opium Poppy Control Act Of 1942 led to the “Poppy Rebellion”, and a battle between California farmers and the federal government. Today, the law and its enforcement remain vague and controversial, even inciting episodes between gardeners and "the poppy police".[19]

They are also sold as cut flowers in flower arrangements, especially the Iceland poppy.

same ol slay you sleep like codeine.

sweet dreams bitch gotta do my own thing~

sick....again.

doped up on cough syrup

listening to anal cunt

drinking coffee

when you haven't got a dime

A purple poppy flower at BBG.

A poppy is a flowering plant in the subfamily Papaveroideae of the family Papaveraceae. Poppies are herbaceous plants, often grown for their colourful flowers. One species of poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the source of the narcotic drug opium which contains powerful medicinal alkaloids such as morphine and has been used since ancient times as an analgesic and narcotic medicinal and recreational drug. It also produces edible seeds. Following the trench warfare in the poppy fields of Flanders, Belgium during World War I, poppies have become a symbol of remembrance of soldiers who have died during wartime.

Poppies are herbaceous annual, biennial or short-lived perennial plants. Some species are monocarpic, dying after flowering. Poppies can be over a metre tall with flowers up to 15 centimetres across. Flowers of species (not cultivars) have 4 to 6 petals, many stamens forming a conspicuous whorl in the center of the flower and an ovary of from 2 to many fused carpels. The petals are showy, may be of almost any color and some have markings. The petals are crumpled in the bud and as blooming finishes, the petals often lie flat before falling away. In the temperate zones, poppies bloom from spring into early summer. Most species secrete latex when injured. Bees use poppies as a pollen source. The pollen of the oriental poppy, Papaver orientale, is dark blue, that of the field or corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) is grey to dark green. The opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, grows wild in eastern and southern Asia, and South Eastern Europe. It is believed that it originated in the Mediterranean region.

The flowers of most poppy species are attractive and are widely cultivated as annual or perennial ornamental plants. This has resulted in a number of commercially important cultivars, such as the Shirley poppy, a cultivar of Papaver rhoeas and semi-double or double (flore plena) forms of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum and oriental poppy (Papaver orientale). Poppies of several other genera are also cultivated in gardens. A few species have other uses, principally as sources of drugs and foods. The opium poppy is widely cultivated and its worldwide production is monitored by international agencies. It is used for production of dried latex and opium, the principal precursor of narcotic and analgesic opiates such as morphine, heroin and codeine. Poppy seeds are rich in oil, carbohydrates, calcium and protein. Poppy oil is often used as cooking oil, salad dressing oil, or in products such as margarine. Poppy oil can also be added to spices for cakes, or breads. Poppy products are also used in different paints, varnishes, and some cosmetics.

--- wikipedia

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So having making a trip away to shoot these lovely poppy fields, I decided that I would do something a little different from everyone else and shoot between the poppies ,the real name is Papaver somniferum, commonly known as the opium poppy.This type of poppy has been used medicinally for over 5000 years; When the unripe seed capsule is incised a milky fluid runs out and when dried this constitutes opium which contains three important alkaloids—morphine, codeine, and papaverine.

I now have an odd number of tear ducts.

See tags for details.

Large And Black

This image was taken this time last year at one of the best opium poppy crops I have ever seen. The crop was grown and harvested by a pharmaceutical company to produce pain-relieving drugs, such as codeine and morphine.

The medicinal properties of opium have been known from ancient times, and it was used as a narcotic in European cultures as early as 4,000BC. The morphine is found in the structure of the seed capsule and the top two inches of the stem.

Such gorgeous pink poppies and I'd love to find some more this year!

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is the species of plant from which opium and poppy seeds are derived. Opium is the source of many opiates, including morphine (and its derivative heroin), thebaine, codeine, papaverine, and noscapine. The Latin botanical name means the "sleep-bringing poppy", referring to the sedative properties of some of these opiates.

(Ref: Wikipedia)

These poppies are grown commercially in Tasmania, and they can be seen throughout the NW Coast area during spring and summer. I think that a field of poppies at this stage (just before harvesting) is every bit as beautiful as a field of them in full flower.

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Halloween is close...b ready...

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Thanx all!

no limitations, no boundaries it's like an art

REFRESH, taking time out at STREETPHOTOGRAPHY

after those rains, winds and thunderstorm

here comes the sun....

best view on L A R G E

POPPY a herbaceous plant with showy flowers, milky sap, and rounded seed capsules. Many poppies contain alkaloids and are a source of drugs such as morphine and codeine. • Papaver, Eschscholzia, and other genera, family Papaveraceae (the poppy family): many species, including the yellow-flowered arctic poppy ( P. radicatum) of the Rocky Mountains. The poppy family also includes the corydalis, greater celandine, and bloodroot.

ORIGIN:

Old English popig, papæg, from a medieval Latin alteration of Latin papaver.

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