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(HGM 945 M, Heisey Glass Museum, Newark, Ohio, USA)
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"1401 Empress" is the designation for a specific glass product design made in Newark, Ohio by the Heisey Glass Company (1896 to 1957). Heisey glass designs are called "patterns". Pattern designations include a number (not necessarily consecutively numbered during the history of the glass factory) and a name. Some pattern names were given by the Heisey company, while others were given by Heisey glass researchers.
"Cobalt" refers to a type of colored glass that Heisey produced. It is also known as "Stiegel Blue".
The source of silica for Heisey glass is apparently undocumented, but was possibly a sandstone deposit in the Glassrock area (Glenford & Chalfants area) of Perry County, Ohio (if anyone can provide verfication of this, please inform me). Quarries in the area targeted the Pennsylvanian-aged Massillon Sandstone (Pottsville Group) and processed it into glass sand suitable for glass making.
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From Bredehoft (2004):
Stiegel Blue: 1932-1941. Commonly called cobalt blue. Heisey's has exceptionally good color.
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From museum signage:
Augustus H. Heisey (1842-1922) emigrated from Germany with his family in 1843. They settled in Merrittown, Pennsylvania and after graduation from the Merrittown Academy, he worked for a short time in the printing business.
In 1861, he began his life-long career in the glass industry by taking a job as a clerk with the King Glass Company of Pittsburgh. After a stint in the Union Army, Heisey joined the Ripley Glass Company as a salesman. It was there that he earned his reputation of "the best glass salesman on the road".
In 1870, Heisey married Susan Duncan, daughter of George Duncan, then part-owner of the Ripley Company and later full owner, at which time he changed its name to George Duncan & Sons. A year later, he deeded a quarter interest to each of his two children. A few years after his death, A.H. Heisey and James Duncan became sole owners. In 1891, the company joined the U.S. Glass Company to escape its financial difficulties. Heisey was the commercial manager.
Heisey began to formulate plans for his own glass company in 1893. He chose Newark, Ohio because there was an abundance of natural gas nearby and, due to the efforts of the Newark Board of Trade, there was plenty of low cost labor available. Construction of the factory at 301 Oakwood Avenue began in 1895 and it opened in April of 1896 with one sixteen-pot furnace. In its heyday, the factory had three furnaces and employed nearly seven hundred people. There was a great demand for the fine glass and Heisey sold it all over the world.
The production in the early years was confined to pressed ware, in the style of imitation cut glass. The company also dealt extensively with hotel barware. By the late 1890s, Heisey revived the colonial patterns with flutes, scallops, and panels which had been so popular decades earlier. These were so well accepted that from that time on, at least one colonial line was made continuously until the factory closed.
A.H. Heisey's name appears on many different design patents including some when he was with George Duncan & Sons. Heisey patterns that he was named the designer include 1225 Plain Band, 305 Punty and Diamond Point, and 1776 Kalonyal.
Other innovations instituted by A.H. Heisey were the pioneering in advertising glassware in magazines nationally, starting as early as 1910 and the first glass company to make fancy pressed stems. That idea caught on quickly and most hand-wrought stemware is made in this manner, even now.
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Reference cited:
Bredehoft, N. (ed.) (2004) - Heisey glass formulas - and more, from the papers of Emmet E. Olson, Heisey chemist. The West Virginia Museum of American Glass. Ltd.'s Monograph 38.
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Info. at:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisey_Glass_Company
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I love this dragonfly! It is my current favorite, with gorgeous amber-reddish wings that are reinforced on the back, big eyes, and a cobalt blue body.
This parking ramp actually provided a surprising amount of decent lighting, and combined with the grungy walls I couldn't resist taking my cobalt there for some pictures ^-^ (some being 400+)
take cobalt, desaturate it, fill it with fake cobalt, make it a fake plastic flower, make it's reason for existance to make a gravestone pretty and memorable, bleach it by the sun for a tad, and you have
gravestone cobalt.
my very own crayon color.