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Lac Touladi
Parc national du Lac-Témiscouata
Témiscouata, Québec
Le parc national du Lac-Témiscouata, harmonieux mariage de l’eau, de la forêt et de l’histoire, protège un échantillon représentatif de la région naturelle des monts Notre-Dame.
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© Guylaine Bégin. L'utilisation sans ma permission est illégal.
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Touladi Lake
Lac-Temiscouata National Park
Temiscouata, Quebec
Parc national du Lac-Témiscouata (National Park), a harmonious marriage of water, forest and history, protects a representative sample of the natural region of Monts Notre-Dame.
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© Guylaine Bégin. Use without permission is illegale.
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Parc national du Lac-Témiscouata
Secteur Jardin des mémoires, Témiscouata, Québec
Situé au Bas-Saint-Laurent dans la MRC de Témiscouata, le parc national du Lac-Témiscouata s'étend autour du plus grand et du plus majestueux lac de la région, le lac Témiscouata. Ce territoire est doté d’atouts naturels remarquables et d’une richesse exceptionnelle sur le plan archéologique. Source
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© Guylaine Bégin. L'utilisation sans ma permission est illégale.
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Parc national du Lac-Temiscouata (National Park)
Jardin des mémoires Sector, Temiscouata, Quebec
Parc national du Lac-Temiscouata is set in Bas-Saint-Laurent in the regional county municipality of Témiscouata. Lac Témiscouata, this territory has remarkable natural assets and exceptional archaeological wealth. Source
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© Guylaine Bégin. Use without permission is illegale.
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A view of just a few of the many peaks of the Opal range.
"The Opal Range is roughly 70 km (44 mi) from Calgary, Alberta along Highway 40 (Kananaskis Trail). Running roughly north to south the Opal Range covers approximately 185 sq. km (70 sq. mi). There 33 named peaks within the range.
The Opal Range is characterized by its sawtooth profiles created by near vertically tilted layers of limestone, deep gullies, and steep limestone slab faces.
Composed mainly of limestone, the Opal Range has fossilized corals, oyster beds, shark teeth, and other evidence of ancient marine life. The range also has localized outcrops of conglomerate dolomite and metamorphic quartzite, adding some color and variation to the otherwise dull grey limestone.
The Laramide orogeny, the process which created the Rocky Mountains, started 70 to 80 million years ago and lasted for 15 to 50 million years. This period saw the tectonic plates from the west slide under the North American plates, deforming and rippling the landscape to form the Rocky Mountains.
Glaciers covered the mountains for millions of years and likely finally melted from the valleys only 10,000 years ago. There is strong evidence of glaciation throughout the valleys and upon the mountains, such as cirques, moraines, kames, and eskers throughout the valleys and slopes.
George Dawson named the range after he discovered small cavities lined with quartz and what he thought was a thin film of opal. It was not opal, but a chert with a similar appearance because of the quartz impurities embedded into the silica.
Despite the mistake, the name has stuck and the range has long been known in English as the Opal Range. Plus, Opal Range sounds better than Chert Range, in our opinion, anyway." peakvisor.com
Thanks for taking a look!
The second shot on sunset as the colour changed dramatically!
The rocks you are looking at here are incomprehensibly ancient. According to the Geological Society of Australia, Narooma Chert (the dark material in the Glasshouse Rocks, which is hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock) was deposited on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean over a period of 50 million years from around 490 million years ago!!!!!
My favorite hike in this park!
Pretty much every rock you see on the bluffs here (or inland, where there are exposures) is radiolarian chert, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolarite . This is one of the few competent rocks in this part of California. As such, it was widely used as road metal in the early days, though it is just so-so as gravel (falls apart with use). The good stuff is the Morro Rock (etc) dacite, a strong volcanic rock that was widely used for breakwaters, building stone and crushed stone. About 1/4 to 1/3 of Morro Rock itself was quarried and used, from 1889 to 1969. Morro Rock itself is now in a State Park and protected from further quarrying. I don't think that there are active quarries in any of the other 8 or so Morro volcanic necks known.
Our favorite trail in the park goes right along the blufftops. Watch your step! You are looking north to Estero Head. The development below is the Abalone Farm and some very expensive houses.
It was a beautiful morning: sunny, bright, uncrowded, hardly any wind. Worth getting up early for!
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolarite will get you up to speed on the geology. This is a common rock-type around here: lower-plate rock scraped off the top of the descending Pacific slab. as it was forced under the North American plate. Thought to have originated in deep water far, far away....
The chert was used in the early days as road metal, and there are two old quarries on the hill above these bluffs. But the chert doesn't hold up well as gravel. Nowadays, crushed stone (various types of basalt) are used instead.
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Location : Elysion
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*Pose --> RK Poses. Us @ for Shiny Shabby Aug.
*Pant --> [ ExcellencE ] Chert & Belt_Hepy_Black @ for Shiny Shabby Aug.
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The beautiful version of Bella
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"The clearest way into the Universe is through a forest wilderness."
- John Muir
Driving up the Gunflint Trail surrounded by yellow summer blankets of wildflowers. Unfortunately, I think they might be Yellow Hawkweed which is an invasive species in Minnesota. Like the Lupines (another invasive species) that now grow all over the place up here, they sure are pretty in spite of their invasiveness.
The Gunflint Trail (Cook County Rd 12) winds its way through Minnesota's Superior National Forest from Grand Marais on Lake Superior to Saganaga Lake, one of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area's entry points.
It's a beautiful drive, with access to oodles of lakes, resorts and National Forest roads that lead to more lakes and numerous campgrounds as well as free remote campsites. The road is much improved from the first time I drove it some 40 years ago. Most of the bumps have been smoothed out and it is now paved end to end.
According to the Chik-Wauk Museum and Nature Center's blog, the road got its name from the chert, a flint rock that Native Americans and Voyageurs found on the shores of one of the big lakes in the area (now called Gunflint Lake).
Chik-Wauk's blog says that the French gave it the name “Lac de Pierres a Fusil” which means "Lake of Stone Flint" in English, hence the name for the Gunflint Trail and lake.
Location : Elysion
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*Pose --> RK Poses. Us @ for Shiny Shabby Aug.
*Pant --> [ ExcellencE ] Chert & Belt_Hepy_Black @ for Shiny Shabby Aug.
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The beautiful version of Bella
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This shot was taken as the sun was slowly sinking to the west as we meandered slowly along this beautiful majestic coastline of southern NSW.
The rocks you are looking at here are incomprehensibly ancient. According to the Geological Society of Australia, Narooma Chert (the dark material in the Glasshouse Rocks, which is hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock) was deposited on the bottom of the Pacific Ocean over a period of 50 million years from around 490 million years ago!!!!!
** This shot was taken from the same spot as my last image I simply turned 180 degrees towards the mainland
Since reading Ian McEwan’s 2007 novel “ On Chesil Beach “ I have wanted to see this strange geological structure . The novel was also made into a reasonably good film so you may have seen the beach .
Contrary to Weymouth’s golden sands, Chesil is not your typical British beach lined with stripy deckchairs and pastel painted beach-huts but wild, rugged and at the mercy of Mother Nature. John Fowles, captures the landscape of Chesil perfectly in his famous quote: ..... “It is above all an elemental place, made of sea, shingle and sky, its dominant sound always that of waves on moving stone: from the great surf and pounding of sou’westers, to the delicate laps and back-gurgling of the rare dead calm….”
The pebbles on Chesil Beach are graded in size from potato-sized near Portland to pea-sized at Bridport and are made up of mainly flint and chert from the Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks, along with Bunter pebbles from Budleigh Salterton. It is believed that smugglers landing on the beach at night could could judge their position along the coast simply by picking up a handful of shingle.
Chesil Beach is one of three major shingle structures in Britain. Its name is derived from the Old English ceosel or cisel, meaning "gravel" or "shingle". It runs for a length of 18 mi from West Bay to the Isle of Portland and in places is up to 50 ft high and 660 ft wide. Behind the beach is the Fleet, a shallow tidal lagoon. The lagoon is home to the mute swan colony at Abbotsbury, the only place in the world where you can walk through a nesting colony of mute swans. Both are part of the Jurassic Coast and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The beach is often identified as a tombolo, although research into the geomorphology of the area has revealed that it is in fact a barrier beach which has "rolled" landwards, joining the mainland with the Isle of Portland and giving the appearance of a tombolo.
THANKS FOR YOUR VISITING BUT CAN I ASK YOU NOT TO FAVE AN IMAGE WITHOUT ALSO MAKING A COMMENT. MANY THANKS KEITH.
ANYONE MAKING MULTIPLE FAVES WITHOUT COMMENTS WILL SIMPLY BE BLOCKED
Architect H.G.J. Schelling, originally a civil engineer, designed several railway stations in the Netherlands from the 1920s to 1950s. Schelling’s works show a distinct development in terms of construction materials used. Early railway stations, such as Naarden-Bussum (1926) have façades in fired clay brick, with details in Doornik limestone, as dimension stone typical of medieval building in the Netherlands. Later railway stations such as Amsterdam-Muiderpoort (1937) and Amsterdam Amstel (1939) were constructed in concrete, but fired clay brick, and in the case of Amstel railway station French limestone (Bois fleuri) still dominates the façades. After the Second World War, Schelling designed a series of railway stations - Enschede (1950), Hengelo (1951), Zutphen (1952), Leiden (1953, demolished) and Arnhem (1954, largely demolished) - in which visible concrete dominates the façades. In his use of concrete, Schelling was strongly inspired by Perret. Schelling used various geometric forms (so-called claustra) and above all a careful selection of concrete aggregate (different types and colours of crushed bricks, pipes and roofing tiles, selected natural sands and chert, glass) and surface finishing methods to achieve aesthetic effects. The paper outlines Schelling’s development in choice of materials, largely in his own words.
Gunflint Lake Scenic Overlook on the Gunflint Trail. The "trail" is actually Cook County Rd 12, but it became known as the Gunflint Trail because of Gunflint Lake. Native Americans and Voyageurs found chert, a black flint rock, on the lake shore. The French named it “Lac de Pierres a Fusil” which translates to English as "Lake of Stone Flint."
The Gunflint Trail is a 57 mile long road that winds its way through the Superior National Forest from Grand Marais on Lake Superior to Saganaga Lake near the Canadian border. It is paved from start to finish.
The Gunflint Trail Welcome Signs are located in downtown Grand Marais, Minnesota. A bear in a motor boat and a voyageur carrying a canoe invite people to take a drive up the Gunflint. It has been decades since they were on the actual Gunflint Trail entrance, but they are Grand Marais and Minnesota icons.
The stone piers that the signs stand on were built in the 1930's by either the WPA or the CCC. The signs were made in the 1950's by an unknown entity. They were both refurbished in 2012 and put back up in 2013.
The Gunflint Trail itself (Cook County Road 12) runs north into the Superior National Forest, and then turns west when it nears the Canadian border. It passes by pristine north woods lakes, hiking, snowshoeing and skiing trails, snowmobile and ATV trails, scenic vistas, first class resorts and campgrounds on its way to Saganaga Lake.
It started out as an Indian trail from Gunflint Lake to Grand Marais on Lake Superior. The route probably came to be due to the chert (a sparking rock similar to flint) that was found on the shores of Gunflint Lake. The trail gradually became a road after being used for some mining exploration and logging operations.
It is now a paved, two-lane scenic highway with the amenities mentioned above. It also offers access to U.S. Forest Service roads that will take you to Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness entry points and a variety of Superior National Forest recreation, camping and interpretive areas.
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My niece and, on this day, fellow explorer poses while we looked for banded chert along Soldier Creek in the Bighorn Mountain east of Tensleep Wyoming.
The Firth River valley in Ivvavik, arctic Canada has never been subject to glaciation and was once part of ancient Beringia.
Evidence for lack of glaciation includes the presence of Tors (rock pinnacles on mountain sides) and physical weathered features that would have been readily modified or destroyed by glaciers.
This area is also rich in archaeology with evidence of ancient tent rings, hearths and tool making (from chert - a very hard silica rich rock), amongst other things.
Firth River, Ivvavik, Yukon Territory, Arctic Canada
Olympus EM5
P6210843
Radiolarian chert, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolarite
Incidentally, a "knocker" is likely a Cornish mining term, appropriated by early Calif geologists for these huge outrops that, frustratingly, couldn't be mapped! We're in the Franciscan melange, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscan_Complex
--where Melange is French for 'unholy mess'! Which it is. These guys were literally bulldozed off the descending Pacific plate as it scraped its way against the overlying N. Am plate. This might look like a clear-cut process in a little diagram you see in a book -- but trust me, Unholy Mess in RL. God knows how far this rock was dragged from wherever it formed: deepwater rocks, formed of the silica skeletons of radiolarian forams. Wikipedia has some of the details, for those interested.
Estero Bluffs state park. Silhouette is the huge chert knocker near the north end of this beach. Lovely evening. Hardly any wind!
Part of a circular walk I was enjoying from Abbotsbury.
Chesil Beach is an 18-mile long shingle barrier beach stretching from West Bay to Portland and is one of Dorset’s most iconic landmarks.
Forming part of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site, the sweeping, shingle ridge stretching for miles into the distance is a sight to behold, in fact, the view of Chesil Beach from the coast road above Abbotsbury has been voted by Country Life Magazine as Britain’s 3rd best view.
The pebbles on Chesil Beach are graded in size from potato-sized near Portland to pea-sized at Bridport and are made up of mainly flint and chert from the Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks, along with Bunter pebbles from Budleigh Salterton. It is believed that smugglers landing on the beach at night could could judge their position along the coast simply by picking up a handful of shingle.
Behind Chesil Beach lies a large saline lake known as the Fleet Lagoon, one of the few remaining undisturbed brackish lagoons left in the world.
The lagoon is home to the mute swan colony at Abbotsbury, the only place in the world where you can walk through a nesting colony and one of Dorset’s most popular tourist attractions.
Portland stone is a limestone geological formation (formally named the Portland Stone Formation[1]) dating to the Tithonian age of the Late Jurassic that is quarried on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England.[1] The quarries are cut in beds of white-grey limestone separated by chert beds. It has been used extensively as a building stone throughout the British Isles, notably in major public buildings in London such as St Paul's Cathedral and Buckingham Palace. Portland stone is also exported to many countries, being used for example at the United Nations headquarters in New York City.
Portland stone is a limestone geological formation (formally named the Portland Stone Formation[1]) dating to the Tithonian age of the Late Jurassic that is quarried on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England.[1] The quarries are cut in beds of white-grey limestone separated by chert beds. It has been used extensively as a building stone throughout the British Isles, notably in major public buildings in London such as St Paul's Cathedral and Buckingham Palace. Portland stone is also exported to many countries, being used for example at the United Nations headquarters in New York City.
#52of2017 #6 love
I found this stone at the beach
(on valentinsday)
Tag 045/365 (2017)
2017-D90-002035--1cr
Blocks fallen from the cliff are rolled by the waves, losing their matrix of chalk and are transformed into pebbles.
Rundgeleckt
Das Meer beräumt den Strand vom Geröll der Felsen, löst die Kreide auf und lässt nur Silex zurück aus dem später dann Kieselsteine werden. Diese sind zwischen den beiden Hindernissen, den Felsen des Ober- und des Untertors gefangen und deshalb sehr alt, praktisch rundgeleckt - poliert - und die glattesten Steine der ganzen Küste.
(etretat.net)
We finally made a quick trip to majestic Mt Wilson during autumn colour and captured some rather interesting magic looking mushrooms. The tantalising colour spectical wasn't bad either.
A brief historical account found the early European settlers had difficulty reaching Mt Wilson and Mt Irvine, however there is much evidence that indigenous people camped in the area.
There are many rock carvings and paintings, implement-sharpening grooves, and stone axe-heads to be found among the caves and forests, and chips of chert, a rock not of this district, have been found along creek banks.
The area was named Mt Wilson in honour of John Bowie Wilson, member of the Legislative Assembly in NSW and the Minister for Lands.
The area eventually was a haven for the wealthy used primarily as their summer retreat. Current population stands at 81.
If you don't like the hustle and bustle of the tourist crowd, Mt Wilson is best visited during weekdays.
St Paul's Church
Honiton, Devon, UK
Charles Fowler was a Devon native, born in Cullompton in 1792 and educated in Exeter before apprenticing to an architect.
His most famous commission was Covent Garden Market, designed for the Duke of Bedford from 1822.
St Paul's Church; due to the orientation of the High Street site Fowler had to design the new church on an unusual north-south axis rather than the usual east-west.
St Paul's was built of local chert and Beer Stone. Fowler chose a neo-Norman style for the new church, with a striking tower stretching 104 feet high.
Broken chert lies on the floor of Paton’s Hole near Beaver Creek north of Shell, Wyoming. The chert is often translucent, blushish gray and can have a blue sheen. In my family it is called “Beaver Creek Blue”. It is often stained by iron and manganese oxides but its color is visible when broken or cut.
The track leading up Fremington Edge to the old lead & chert mines above the edge. The hard surface has worn away to rock & gravel over the years.
These weathered sedimentary rocks are seen in a roadcut in the Temblor Mountains along CA highway 58. The Monterey Formation is a bio-siliceous, very organic-rich deposit found in southern California. It was deposited between 17 and 5 million years ago (Miocene) during a time when tectonic forces were shifting, The San Andreas fault System was developing and there were areas of localized subsidence. Sea levels were high during this period and coastal upwelling prevalent. The formation is made up of carbonaceous, calcareous and phosphatic mudrock, dolostone, limestone and marlstone with interbeds of siliceous diatomite, porcelanite and chert.
Architect H.G.J. Schelling, originally a civil engineer, designed several railway stations in the Netherlands from the 1920s to 1950s. Schelling’s works show a distinct development in terms of construction materials used. Early railway stations, such as Naarden-Bussum (1926) have façades in fired clay brick, with details in Doornik limestone, as dimension stone typical of medieval building in the Netherlands. Later railway stations such as Amsterdam-Muiderpoort (1937) and Amsterdam Amstel (1939) were constructed in concrete, but fired clay brick, and in the case of Amstel railway station French limestone (Bois fleuri) still dominates the façades. After the Second World War, Schelling designed a series of railway stations - Enschede (1950), Hengelo (1951), Zutphen (1952), Leiden (1953, demolished) and Arnhem (1954, largely demolished) - in which visible concrete dominates the façades. In his use of concrete, Schelling was strongly inspired by Perret. Schelling used various geometric forms (so-called claustra) and above all a careful selection of concrete aggregate (different types and colours of crushed bricks, pipes and roofing tiles, selected natural sands and chert, glass) and surface finishing methods to achieve aesthetic effects. The paper outlines Schelling’s development in choice of materials, largely in his own words.
Chert nodule found in a almost buried boulder of Bighorn Dolomite along the Soldier Creek Drainage in the Bighorn Mountains east of Tensleep, Wyoming.
* Since reading Ian McEwan’s 2007 novel “ On Chesil Beach “ I have wanted to see this strange geological structure .
Chesil is not your typical British beach lined with stripy deckchairs and pastel painted beach-huts but wild, rugged and at the mercy of Mother Nature. John Fowles, captures the landscape of Chesil perfectly in his quote: ..... “It is above all an elemental place, made of sea, shingle and sky, its dominant sound always that of waves on moving stone”
The beach runs for a length of 18 miles from West Bay to the Isle of Portland and in places is up to 50 ft high and 660 ft wide. Behind the beach is the Fleet, a shallow tidal lagoon. The lagoon is home to the mute swan colony at Abbotsbury, the only place in the world where you can walk through a nesting colony of mute swans.
The pebbles on Chesil Beach are graded in size from potato-sized near Portland to pea-sized at Bridport and are made up of mainly flint and chert from the Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks, along with Bunter pebbles from Budleigh Salterton. It is believed that smugglers landing on the beach at night could could judge their position along the coast simply by picking up a handful of shingle.
Both the beach and the Swannery are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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Fremington Edge & Arkengarthdale. The remains and spoil heaps of old lead and chert mines are scattered all the way along the 3 mile limestone escarpment.
I was off the beaten track in Demon Dale and saw this small piece of black chert. It is a known area of Neolithic and Mesolithic settlement. The people used the chert to make tools and this looks like a small hand tool. Strange to think the last person to hold it was about 5,000 years ago!
The Blackdown Hills are a range of hills along the Somerset-Devon border in south-western England, which were designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1991. The plateau is dominated by hard chert bands of Upper Greensand with some remnants of chalk, and is cut through by river valleys.
Autumn UK.
Harvestmen are very old arachnids. Fossils from the Devonian Rhynie chert, 410 million years ago, already show characteristics like tracheae and sexual organs, proving that the group has lived on land since that time.
Another ancient bug that is almost indistinguishable from it's ancestors!
The track leading up Fremington Edge to the old lead & chert mines above the edge. The hard surface has worn away to rock & gravel over the years.
The geology of the area in which the Green Bridge of Wales is located is composed of a very thick layer of Carboniferous Limestone, including a certain amount of chert.
[Click here for more photographs of Pembrokeshire: www.jhluxton.com/Wales/Pembrokeshire]
Erosion has occurred over time as storm winds have battered the coast, pebbles have been dashed against the rocks, sand particles have worn away the surface, and chemical erosion has dissolved the limestone.
The weakest parts of the cliff are the first to be worn away, usually the folds and small faults that are present in the rocks.
This has resulted over many millennia in the creation of many unusual landforms.
In the case of the Green Bridge of Wales, erosion has taken place on both sides of a small headland, caves have been formed which extended further and further until they met, forming the arch that can be seen today.
The bridge is about 24 m (80 ft) high with a span of more than 20 m (66 ft). Its outer edge rests on a more durable rock pedestal and its upper surface is clad in vegetation.
The Green Bridge lost a considerable amount of rock to damage during Storm Ophelia in October 2017.
Passing through the village of Langthwaite you squeeze between the houses to climb a steep lane for about 1 mile to reach the hamlet of Booze in Arkengarthdale, North Yorkshire. It was classed as so steep and dangerous in 2008 the Royal Mail withdrew postal deliveries. They are reinstated now.
Now in the Yorkshire Dales National Park the hamlet has a few scattered houses and farms but back in 1851 there were 41 houses and the hamlet was the centre of a mining area. Some spoil heaps can be seen on the photo
The lead mining collapsed at the end of the 19 century but Slate and Chert continued to be mined up to 1940's
It is well worth wandering up the track with magnificent views down Arkengarthdale
The nearest pub is in Langthwaite, "The Lion"
Architect H.G.J. Schelling, originally a civil engineer, designed several railway stations in the Netherlands from the 1920s to 1950s. Schelling’s works show a distinct development in terms of construction materials used. Early railway stations, such as Naarden-Bussum (1926) have façades in fired clay brick, with details in Doornik limestone, as dimension stone typical of medieval building in the Netherlands. Later railway stations such as Amsterdam-Muiderpoort (1937) and Amsterdam Amstel (1939) were constructed in concrete, but fired clay brick, and in the case of Amstel railway station French limestone (Bois fleuri) still dominates the façades. After the Second World War, Schelling designed a series of railway stations - Enschede (1950), Hengelo (1951), Zutphen (1952), Leiden (1953, demolished) and Arnhem (1954, largely demolished) - in which visible concrete dominates the façades. In his use of concrete, Schelling was strongly inspired by Perret. Schelling used various geometric forms (so-called claustra) and above all a careful selection of concrete aggregate (different types and colours of crushed bricks, pipes and roofing tiles, selected natural sands and chert, glass) and surface finishing methods to achieve aesthetic effects. The paper outlines Schelling’s development in choice of materials, largely in his own words.
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Beautiful morning and Big Surf against the trademark bluffs on my favorite (and rather precarious) trail in this park, a few miles N of Cayucos. Best wave catch of numerous tries this time.
Geology: chert cliffs. Radiolarian chert = deepwater marine, formed very far from here, scraped off the top of the descending Pacific plate as it pushed its way under the NAm plate, back when it did {= don't remember when). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolarite is a common rock in the Calif Franciscan fm. It's one of the few competent rocks around here, so was extensively quarried for gravel/road metal. There's a fair-size (abandoned) quarry on the hill behind these bluffs. Not much to see inside it if you walk up, though the hilltop monument is a popular lookout & photo-op.
If you visit: be very careful of crumbling/sluffing edges on the blufftops! It's been raining, and is this AM, hooray. We need it!
Native Americans knew the river as Twischsawkin, meaning "the land where plums abound". At least three prehistoric rock shelters have been found in archaelogical digs in the region. For the indigenous peoples, it was not only important for its arable land but for its geological resources. The river and its valley are abundant in flint and chert, from which they made spear points and arrowheads.
European settlers of the region named it first the Palse River, after New Paltz. Later, when it was clear that the river continued well beyond the original New Paltz patent, it took after the Waal river in their native Netherlands. They worked their way down it from the Hudson Valley in the 17th century, and were followed by the British after the colony changed hands.
Settlers recognized the agricultural possibilities of the Drowned Lands almost as soon as they moved in. Efforts to divert the river and create more farmland appear to have begun as early as 1760. It would take 66 years, however, before a canal succeeded in draining the land and making enough available to profitably cultivate.
The Montgomery Worsted Mills, an early river industry still in business today.
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Another gloomy and rainy day here in New York : (
Have a wonderful day everyone!