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The characterization of Bates in the novel and the movie differ in some key areas. In the novel, Bates is in his mid-to-late 40s, short, overweight, homely, and more overtly unstable. In the movie, he is in his early-to-mid-20s, tall, slender, and handsome. Reportedly, when working on the film, Hitchcock decided that he wanted audiences to be able to sympathize with Bates and genuinely like the character, so he made him more of a "boy next door." In the novel, Norman becomes Mother after getting drunk and passing out; in the movie, he consumes no alcohol before switching personalities. Perhaps the most significant difference between the novel and the movie is that, in the novel, Mary Crane is "Mother"'s first victim; in the movie, Bates kills twice as his alternate personality before murdering Crane.
Monster High is an American fashion doll franchise created by Mattel in July, 2010. The characters are inspired by monster movies, sci-fi horror, thriller fiction, and various creatures therefore distinguishing them from most fashion dolls. They were created by Garrett Sander, with illustrations by Kellee Riley.[2]
The Monster High franchise also includes other consumer products such as stationery, bags, key chains, various toys and video games. There are also Monster High TV specials, a web series, a direct to DVD movie, and software. Lisi Harrison is the author of the Monster High books. The characters are depicted as being either related to or as offspring of famous monsters such as Dracula, Frankenstein's Monster, the Mummy, Medusa, the Creature from the Black Lagoon, the Phantom of the Opera, and zombies and more. The characters are usually referred to as ghouls, rather than girls.
The dolls are approximately 27 cm tall. Or about 1 foot tall. Their bodies are made from ABS plastic. Their heads are made from soft PVC. They have various skin tones (blue, green, pink, brown, etc.) Each character has a unique head mold. No Monster High doll has the same shape head. The type of hair the dolls have is saran. The boys hair is either fuzzy or hard colored plastic. Aside from physical attributes, the dolls are quite different in the characterization of their clothes. And they all have their own unique freaky flaw, hair, etc. They might repeat bags and sunglasses. For example, 13 Wishes Howleen has the same bag as the original Clawdeen only that it is a different color. One is gold and another is purple and black. But they are both sisters. Plus, Howleen likes to borrow a lot of Clawdeen's stuff. And Gloom Beach Frankie Stein has the same sunglasses as the Scaris Frankie Stein. One s blue and one is yellow. All of them have various attributes of the monsters they are related to (i.e. fangs, stitches, wolf ears, fins, bandages,snakes, etc.)[3] Although Monster high and Barbie are from the same creator, Mattel, Monster High is starting to become more popular than Barbie.
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Monster High est une franchise américaine de poupées mannequins lancée par Mattel en juillet 2010 aux États-Unis, tirée d'une série de livres du même nom (de Lisi Harrison). Les personnages sont inspirés de personnes assez monstrueuses issues de la littérature fantastique, de la mythologie, ou encore de films cultes. Les Monster High sont toutes des enfants de monstres (Frankie Stein est la fille de Frankenstein, Draculaura est celle de Dracula, Deuce Gorgon est le fils de Méduse...).
La franchise Monster High se décline sur de très nombreux produits comme des vêtements, des bijoux fantaisie et de la papeterie, mais ses principales ventes se font grâce aux poupées mannequins du même nom. Elle s'accompagne également d'épisodes spéciaux pour la télévision et le marché DVD, et d'une web-série.S
Le concept de Monster High met en scène des adolescents tous descendants de créatures plus ou moins célèbres. Certaines poupées sont relookėes.
Les poupées mannequins mesurent une vingtaine de centimètres ; les garçons sont plus grands que les filles, même s'il existe des différences de taille chez certaines poupées (Twyla et Howleen Wolf sont plus petites, Nefera de Nile et Mme. Santête sont plus grandes...). Les corps (qui comptent de nombreuses articulations) sont fabriqués en plastique ABS et les têtes sont en PVC souple. Chaque personnage bénéficie d'un moule différent pour sa tête. Les cheveux sont en saran ou en kanekalon, voire en PVC pour les garçons dont les cheveux sont, pour la plupart des personnages, moulés. Les poupées filles de Monster High peuvent enlever leurs mains et bras mais les garçons ne peuvent enlever que leurs bras. Lagoona Blue, Rochelle Goyle et C.A. Cupid ont des éléments amovibles que les autres poupées n'ont pas (des nageoires pour Lagoona Blue, des ailes pour Rochelle Goyle et C.A. Cupid). Comme les filles ont des chaussures à talons, elles ne peuvent pas bouger leurs pieds, tandis que les garçons ont les pieds articulés.
Chaque personnage est caractérisé par un style vestimentaire et une gamme de couleurs qui se retrouvent dans différentes collections et qui reflètent leur personnalité dans la web-série.
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Characterization and Site Assessment is Performed at One of Several Canyon Slope Surface Debris Areas Associated With the Los Alamos County Airport Inactive Landfill.
For more information or additional images, please contact 202-586-5251.
Enzymlogic is a contract research organization that represents scientific excellence in enzymology and binding kinetics analysis for small molecule drug discovery programmes.
Enzymlogic accelerates and improves the research productivity and effectiveness of its customer screening, lead optimization, Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) and Structure-Kinetic Relationship (SKR) campaigns by its expertise and unique methodology for the discovery and development of new drugs.
We offer innovative services such as the characterization of drug-target binding kinetics, the assessment of drug-target kinetic selectivity or the determination of drug-target binding mechanism to encourage the identification of inhibitors with novel modes of binding and enhanced clinical efficiency. We also apply enzymatic mechanistic principles to assay design in order to provide high-quality biochemical assays and increase the pharmacological diversity of selected compounds.
Our services can notably improve decision-making, yielding compounds with higher development potential and reduced risk of failure.
*Binding Kinetics: compounds with similar affinity for a given target can exhibit different clinical efficiency due to variations in their kinetic profiles. Our proprietary method allows the rapid identification of compounds with the desired kinetic parameters as an efficient starting point for lead development and the parallel optimization of binding affinity (SAR) and binding kinetics (SKR).
*Kinetic selectivity: Enzymlogic provides a complete picture of the in vivo behavior of your drugs. Selectivity is highly dynamic in human body and evolves over the course of treatment as a function of the temporal binding between the drug and the main and secondary targets. Over the course of dosing, a drug showing a prolonged interaction with its main target and shorten interactions with secondary targets exhibits temporal target selectivity. Safety and tolerability will considerably improve if the intrinsic toxicity of the drug is minimal. In contrast, a drug that display a sustained interaction with a secondary toxicity-mediating target will result in safety issues.
*Binding mechanism: high-affinity interactions often entail conformational rearrangements originated by structural changes at the drug-target binding site. Enzymlogic provides structural information in the early stages of drug discovery.
*Assay Development: we apply enzymatic mechanistic principles to assay design in order to encourage the identification of inhibitors with novel modes of binding.
Yahoo Labs is proud to be a contributing sponsor of the 2014 ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI 2014 is the premier worldwide forum for professionals interested in all aspects of human-computer interaction (HCI). The conference features work on the hardware and software engineering of interactive systems, the structure of communication between human and machine, characterization of the use and contexts of use for interactive systems, methodology of design, design artifacts and experiences, and future technologies.
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-AUTHOR.
Fields i’ve worked with-
1.Digital drawing and illustrations- Fractal arts, Vector and Rasterizaions.
2.Photo maniputaltion- Level and adjustment makeover.
3.3d characterization in Poser- Technical and Cartoon characterizations.
4.Painting and airbrushing- 2D brush works, portrait and postering.
5.Advertisement- Add graphics designing and marketing.
6.Web graphics and development- Web image allocation and modification.
7.Logo and business card designing.
8.Manufacturing Advertisements.
9.Poster and Graffiti.
10.Stock-image photography.
•Highly experienced in Use of design tools like: Photoshop Cs3, Corel Draw12, Illustrator Cs3, Dreamweaver Cs3, Poser7, Xara utilities, Swish, Flex, Macromedia Suit.
To watch my creative works-
Other certifications- A+,NIIT short term coerces, Aptech cources, Creative trainings.
Contact info-
Joy.
secret_culture@yahoo.com
Mobile no: +8801714303618
The Radiochemical Processing Laboratory at PNNL is home to a new flagship JEOL GrandARM-300F scanning transmission electron microscope. This unique instrument will allow unprecedented atomic-scale characterization of nuclear materials, structural alloys, and functional systems in dynamic conditions.
For more information or additional images:
(202) 586-5251
EnergyTechnologyVisualsCollectionETVC@hq.doe.gov
www.flickr.com/photos/departmentofenergy/collections/7215...
Animals have the right to not be treated as property. Go Vegan!
From Animal Rights and Domesticated Nonhumans by Gary L Francione
(www.abolitionistapproach.com/animal-rights-and-domesticat...):
"One aspect of my theory of animal rights, as articulated in Introduction to Animal Rights: Your Child or the Dog? and other places, that troubles some animal advocates, is that if we accept the rights position, we ought not to bring any more domesticated nonhumans into existence. I apply this not only to animals we use for food, experiments, clothing, etc., but also to our nonhuman companions.
I can certainly understand that if you embrace the welfarist approach, which says that the use of nonhumans is morally acceptable as long as you treat them “humanely” and which sees the goal as better regulating animal use, you would reject my view. But if you, as I, see the primary problem of animal exploitation to be our use of nonhumans irrespective of whether we are “humane,” and regard the goal as the abolition of animal exploitation, then it is not clear to me why this position would cause you any difficulty.
The logic is simple. We treat animals as our property, as resources that we can use for our purposes. We bring billions of them into existence for the sole purpose of using and killing them. We have bred these animals to be dependent on us for their survival.
The central position of my rights theory is that we have no justification for treating animals as our property just as we had no justification for treating other humans as slaves. We have abolished human chattel slavery in most parts of the world; similarly, we should abolish animal slavery.
But what does that mean in the context of nonhumans? Should we “liberate” animals and let them wander freely in the streets? No, of course not. That would be as irresponsible as allowing small children to wander around. We should certainly care for those nonhumans whom we have already brought into existence but we should stop causing any more to come into existence. We have no justification for using nonhumans—however “humanely” we treat them.
There are two objections that I have heard in connection with this view.
First, there is the concern that we will lose “diversity” if we no longer have these domesticated nonhumans.
Even if continued domestication were necessary for biological diversity, that would not mean that it would be morally acceptable. We do not, however, have to address that issue. There is nothing “natural” about domesticated animals. They are creatures that we have created through selective breeding and confinement. To the extent that they have undomesticated relatives living in nature, we should certainly seek to protect those nonhumans first and foremost for their own sake and secondarily for the purposes of biological diversity. But our protection of presently existing domesticated nonhumans is not necessary for any sort of biological diversity.
Second, and more often, animal advocates express a difficulty with my view about domestication because they point to the fact that many of us live with nonhumans and treat them as members of our families. This arrangement, they argue, must certainly be morally acceptable.
As far as companion animals are concerned, some of us treat them as family members and some of us do not. But however we treat our dogs, cats, etc., they are property as far as the law is concerned. If you regard your dog as a member of your family and treat her well, the law will protect your decision just as the law will protect your decision to change the oil in your car every 1000 miles—the dog and the car are your property and if you wish to accord a higher value to your property, the law will protect your decision. But if you wish to accord your property a lower value and, for instance, have a guard dog who you keep chained in your yard and to whom you provide minimal food, water, and shelter—and no companionship or affection—the law will protect that decision as well.
The reality is that in the United States, most dogs and cats do not end up dying of old age in loving homes. Most have homes for a relatively short period of time before they are transferred to another owner, taken to a shelter, dumped, or taken to a veterinarian to be killed.
It does not matter whether we characterize an owner as a “guardian,” as some advocates urge. Such a characterization is meaningless. Those of us who live with companion animals are owners as far as the law is concerned and we have the legal right to treat our animals as we see fit with few limitations. Anticruelty laws do not even apply to the vast majority of instances in which humans inflict cruel treatment on nonhumans.
But, these advocates respond, we could, at least in theory, have a different and morally acceptable relationship with nonhumans. What if we abolished the property status of animals and required that we treat dogs and cats similar to the way we treat human children? What if humans who lived with dogs could no longer treat them instrumentally (e.g., as guard dogs, “show” dogs or cats, etc.) but had to treat them as family members? What if humans could not kill nonhuman companions except in instances in which at least some of us regard it as acceptable to allow assisted suicide in the human context (e.g., when the human is incurably ill and in great pain, etc.). Would it be acceptable to continue to breed nonhumans to be our companions then?
The answer is no.
Putting aside that the development of general standards of what would constitute treating nonhumans as “family members,” and the resolution of all the related issues, would be impossible as a practical matter, this position neglects to recognize that domestication itself raises serious moral issues irrespective of how the nonhumans involved are treated.
Domestic animals are dependent on us for when and whether they eat, whether they have water, where and when they relieve themselves, when they sleep, whether they get any exercise, etc. Unlike human children, who, except in unusual cases, will become independent and functioning members of human society, domestic animals are neither part of the nonhuman world nor fully part of our world. They remain forever in a netherworld of vulnerability, dependent on us for everything that is of relevance to them. We have bred them to be compliant and servile, or to have characteristics that are actually harmful to them but are pleasing to us. We may make them happy in one sense, but the relationship can never be “natural” or “normal.” They do not belong stuck in our world irrespective of how well we treat them.
This is more or less true of all domesticated nonhumans. They are perpetually dependent on us. We control their lives forever. They truly are “animal slaves.” We may be benevolent “masters,” but we really aren’t anything more than that. And that cannot be right.
My partner and I live with five rescued dogs. All five would be dead if we did not adopt them. We love them very much and try very hard to provide them the best of care and treatment. (And before anyone asks, all seven of us are vegans!) You would probably not find two people on the planet who enjoy living with dogs more than we do.
But if there were two dogs left in the universe and it were up to us as to whether they were allowed to breed so that we could continue to live with dogs, and even if we could guarantee that all dogs would have homes as loving as the one that we provide, we would not hesitate for a second to bring the whole institution of “pet” ownership to an end. We regard the dogs who live with us as refugees of sorts, and although we enjoy caring for them, it is clear that humans have no business continuing to bring these creatures into a world in which they simply do not fit.
There are some advocates who think that “animal rights” means that nonhumans have some sort of right to reproduce, so that it is wrong to sterilize nonhumans. If that view is correct, then we would be morally committed to allowing all domesticated species to continue to reproduce indefinitely. We cannot limit this “right of reproduction” to dogs and cats alone. Moreover, it makes no sense to say that we have acted immorally in domesticating nonhuman animals but we are now committed to allowing them to continue to breed. We made a moral mistake by domesticating nonhumans in the first place; what sense does it make to perpetuate it?
In sum, I can understand that welfarists, for whom treatment and not use is the primary moral issue, think that domestication and continued animal use is acceptable as long as we treat animals “humanely.” But I cannot understand why anyone who regards herself as an abolitionist thinks that the continued domestication of any nonhumans could be justified provided that we treat those animals well—any more than I can understand how anyone who regards herself as an abolitionist can be anything other than a vegan.
The subtitle of my book—Your Child or the Dog?—the notion of the child and the dog in the burning house (or on the lifeboat, or wherever) is meant to focus our attention on the fact that we seek to resolve moral conflicts between humans and animals. But we create those conflicts by, as it were, dragging the animal into the burning house by bringing her into existence as a resource for our use. We then wonder about how to resolve the conflict that we have created! That makes no sense.
If we took animals seriously, we would stop treating them as our resources, as our property. But that would mean an end to bringing nonhumans into existence so that we can use them for food, clothing, vivisection, or any other purpose, including for companionship.
Gary L. Francione"
“Hair Lust,” a series of drawings by illustrator Laura Rosenbaum debuted at the opening of HurlyBurly, the Graduate Illustration group show at the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology that opened on June 7, 2011.
Rosenbaum portrays characterizations of hair envy, lust, and fascination in her sketchbook. Using lines and simple poetry, she expresses how women feel about their different hair textures and how they use their manes to define themselves. Describing the project, Rosenbaum stated: “Nothing else quite compares to the way a girl sees herself through her hair. My capstone project, ‘Hair Lust,’ is a series of intimate drawings and prose about the introspective relationship between girls and their hair.”
“My drawings speak to this magical fiber, its silky lure, and all the yearning it induces. Whether it is curly, straight, wavy, kinky, fluffy, or thin, it slides, bounces, and dances, creating a life of its own,” she continued.
The images in “Hair Lust” present beauty through a spectrum of different hair types. Sometimes humorous and sometimes longing, Rosenbaum’s drawings and prose flirt with magic and desire.
A series of cropped migrant Swainson's Hawk photos from Borrego Valley, San Diego County CA, showing the range of plumage variation present. Dark birds were, in fact, numerically superior.
Plumage characterizations based on Wheeler & Clark's photo guide to N Am raptors.
Meaning of detail in Hindi
SYNONYMS AND OTHER WORDS FOR detail
विस्तार→detail,expansion,breadth,spread,lengthiness,distribution विवरण→description,statement,detail,presentment,characterization,elucidation ब्योरा→recount,niceties,cobwebs,dovetail,detail,particularity गौण बात...
Meaning of detail matlab, meaning detail hindi, synonyms detail hindi
#DetailMatlab, #MeaningDetailHindi, #SynonymsDetailHindi
Mickey Leland research associate Megan Rich working in the Geological & Environmental Systems lab with mentor Thomas Paronish. Megan's project is core characterization of carbon storage wells. In this research, Megan will spend the summer learning how to acquire and analyze Multi-Sensor Corelogger and CT images data from a carbon storage well and compile the data into a report for publication.
In 2009 I worked on a portfolio of photographs for my friend Raj. He needed an actor portfolio and this is a photo from that set.
All types of paper can be recycled. This includes magazines, photos, and envelopes. Staples are OK, too.
In 2009 I worked on a portfolio of photographs for my friend Raj. He needed an actor portfolio and this is a photo from that set.
Nerve harm is damage to sensory tissue. There is no single characterization framework that can portray all the numerous varieties of nerve harm. Most frameworks endeavor to connect the level of damage with side effects, pathology and prognosis.[citation needed] In 1941, Seddon presented an arrangement of nerve wounds in view of three principle sorts of nerve fiber harm and whether there is congruity of the nerve.
Mickey Leland research associate Diana Alvarado working in the lab with mentor Biswanath Dutta. Diana is working on the Reaction Engineering Team at NETL studying Synthesis and Characterization of high-energy-surface structures/facets for alkane dehydrogenation reactions. In this research, Diana will learn how to conduct database searching and how to use NETL supercomputer Joule 2.0 to perform density functional theory (DFT) calculations and lattice phonon dynamics simulation with existing software packages (VASP, PhonoPy, etc.). This project is directly related to our research tasks of the on-going NETL Carbon Capture FWP on developing CO2 capture & utilization technologies for fighting global warming.
Subhabrata Bera is looking at the optical transmission characteristics of thin films using a spectrophotometer. Such characterization helps us understand the sensing response of these thin films and is central to fabricating optical sensors.
"Water, Water Every Hare" Looney Tune(1952)
Directed by Charles M. Jones
Story by Michael Maltese
Animation by Ben Washam, Ken Harris, Phil Monroe, and Lloyd Vaughan
Layouts by Robert Gribbroek
Backgrounds by Philip DeGuard
Effects Animation by Harry Love
Voice Characterizations by Mel Blanc
Musical Direction by Carl W. Stalling
Mickey Leland research associate Megan Rich working in the Geological & Environmental Systems lab with mentor Thomas Paronish. Megan's project is core characterization of carbon storage wells. In this research, Megan will spend the summer learning how to acquire and analyze Multi-Sensor Corelogger and CT images data from a carbon storage well and compile the data into a report for publication.
Mítica noche de difuntos, en uno de las pub de Rock mas emblemáticos de l barrio antiguo de Valencia "La Flama" .
Cada año la gente se motiva mas en sus caracterizaciones.
Si pasáis por Valencia no paséis por alto el lugar.
In 2009 I worked on a portfolio of photographs for my friend Raj. He needed an actor portfolio and this is a photo from that set.
Mickey Leland research associate Megan Rich working in the Geological & Environmental Systems lab with mentor Thomas Paronish. Megan's project is core characterization of carbon storage wells. In this research, Megan will spend the summer learning how to acquire and analyze Multi-Sensor Corelogger and CT images data from a carbon storage well and compile the data into a report for publication.
Sanitary Landfill, Test Pits Characterization
For more information or additional images, please contact 202-586-5251.
**FILE** Bonasera, portrayed by Frank Puglia, asks Don Vito Corleone, portrayed by Marlon Brando, right, for a favor in a scene from the 1972 movie "The Godfather". Brando, who revolutionized American acting with his Method performances in "Streetcar Named Desire" and "On the Waterfront" and went on to create the iconic characterization of Corleone in "The Godfather," has died, his lawyer said Friday, July 2, 2004. He was 80. (AP Photo/Paramount Pictures )
[Kalanchoe Adanson 1763: 169 spp]
Phylogenetic analyses reveal a strongly supported Kalanchoe clade that includes 6 gg: Adromichus, Tylecodon, Cotyledon, Bryophyllum, Kitchingia, Kalanchoe. This Kalanchoe clade encompasses Berger's Kalanchoideæ, which consists of 3 gg (Bryophyllum, Kitchingia, Kalanchoe), as well as 3 gg of Berger's Cotyledonoideæ (Adromichus, Cotyledon, Tylecodon). Hence, this single clade illustrates well the lack of correspondence between monophyletic groups and the 6 traditionally recognized sff. The limits of Bryophyllum, Kitchingia and Kalanchoe have been much debated among systematists, with some recognizing 3 gg (e.g. Berger 1930) and others 2 gg (e.g. Hart & Eggli 1995) or even a single genus (Baldwin 1938). Analyses of matK sequence data place Kitchingia and Bryophyllum within Kalanchoe with strong support, suggesting that it may be more appropriate to recognize the single genus Kalanchoe. However, greater taxon density is needed to resolve fully the boundaries of these genera.
REFERENCES
Our (Norways) national day. Many school children and School band participate in the celebration .
Here it's the British shool going in theire characterizationly uniform.
Highlighting Public Health Nursing Researchers Campaign Week 2: Dr. Lisa Campbell
Research focus: Baseline characterization of extent of incivilities experienced by employees at a health sciences center
Práctica para el IV Trimestre de la Activa de Fotografía. Caracterización.
Toma en equipo con:
Borrego: www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=721483847&sk=wall
Rosy: facebook.com/rosy.romo
Flint is the state gemstone of Ohio. "Flint" is sometimes used as a lithologic term by modern geologists, but it is a synonym for chert. Flint and chert are the same - they are cryptocrystalline, quartzose sedimentary rocks. Rockhounds often assert that flint is high-quality while chert is low-quality. Some geologists assert that "flint" implies a biogenic origin and "chert" implies a chemical origin.
Many cherts do have a chemical origin - chert nodules are moderately common in some limestone units. The nodules form during diagenesis - pre-existing silica components in the carbonate sediments are dissolved, mobilized, and reprecipitated as chert masses. Some cherts do have a biogenic origin - for example, radiolarian cherts (rich in radiolarian microfossils) or spicular cherts (rich in siliceous sponge spicules).
The most famous flint deposit in Ohio is Flint Ridge, in Licking County. At this locality, the Middle Pennsylvanian-aged Vanport Flint is exposed in several places. The geologic literature on the Vanport Flint is relatively sparse, with inaccurate, incomplete descriptions and characterizations. For example, the literature describes the Vanport as a sheet of flint at Flint Ridge - it's actually a meganodule horizon. Other descriptions refer to the chert as the remains of siliceous sponges. In reality, siliceous sponge spicules are quite scarce in Vanport samples.
Two graduate student projects during the 2000s, conducted at two different universities, had very different conclusions & interpretations about the origin of the Vanport Flint. A 2003 study concluded that chert at Flint Ridge is biogenic in origin. A 2006 study concluded that the chert is chemical in origin.
Modern flint knappers value the Vanport Flint for being multicolored and high-quality (= very few impurities). With artificial heating, the flint is more easily knapped into arrowheads, spear points, and other objects. Prehistoric American Indians quarried the Vanport Flint at many specific sites on Flint Ridge. Old flint pits can be seen in Flint Ridge State Park. Many authentic artifacts found in Ohio (arrowheads & spearpoints - "projectile points") and elsewhere are composed of Vanport Flint.
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Info. from park signage:
FLINT RIDGE
For more than 10,000 years, Flint Ridge was one of the most important flint quarries in eastern North America. The flint formed at the bottom of a shallow ocean 300 million years ago. The softer rocks surrounding the flint have washed away, leaving the hard flint exposed near the surface. Prehistoric people came here to quarry the flint, which they crafted into a variety of stone tools. Hundreds of quarry pits and workshops are scattered for miles along this ridge. The beautiful rainbow-colored flint was especially prized by the Hopewell culture that built the nearby Newark Earthworks. Artifacts crafted from Flint Ridge flint may be found throughout eastern North America. In more recent times, local industries quarried the flint for use as grindstones.
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FLINT RIDGE
Flint Ridge is a chain of long, narrow hills extending from a few miles east of Newark almost to Zanesville, a distance of more than twenty miles. The surface of these hills is underlaid with an irregular layer of flint, which may be only a few inches or several feet in thickness and varies greatly in color and texture. In many places along this ridge, the soil has been eroded, revealing the underlying flint. You are standing at one of these outcroppings.
Flint is formed by a geologic process whereby the softer limestones and shales are replaced with much harder silica. Due to its high quartz content, flint polishes beautifully and exceptional pieces of jewelry can be made from it. The 106th General Assembly designated flint as Ohio's offical gem stone in 1965 because of its occurrence in several parts of Ohio, particularly Flint Ridge, and because of its importance as a semi-precious gem stone.
Flint is both hard and brittle and thus can be broken into pieces that have razor sharp edges. For this reason, Indians as long as 9000 years ago traveled to this ridge to secure the rock for making projectile points, knives, and scrapers. The area is now covered with hundreds of shallow pits from which flint has been quarries through the ages; several are visible along the trails. The prehistoric Indians broke off chunks of flint with stone mauls and pried them out of the pits with wooden poles. They broke the chunks into usable pieces with hammerstones and then proceeded to chip the flint for various purposes.
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FLINT RIDGE
The history of American Indians in Licking County goes back 14,000 years, and countless generations of native people spent full and varied lives in this area. Probably the best known are those whom archaeologists identify as the Hopewell, who left their imprint in the form of monumental earthworks, including the Newark Earthworks located just 11 miles from here.
Flint - specifically, Vanport or Flint Ridge flint - contributed significantly to this rich human history. As you stand here today at Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries & Nature Preserve, you're standing a few feet above a layer of flint 10-12 feet thick that stretches for 8 miles from east to west and for 3 miles from north to south. This flint deposit is so large that it actually shapes the landscape of Flint Ridge. First, it influences how and where trees grown and fall. Second, 14,000 years' worth of quarrying by the people who originally lived here changed the area's ecology.
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THIS QUARTER-MILE TRAIL SHARES THE STORY OF FLINT RIDGE
FLINT: "OHIO'S GEMSTONES", BUT WHY?
Vanport flint formed at the bottom of an ocean millions of years ago, and its unique properties made it a valuable source of material for crafting tools for ancient American Indians and early European settlers. Today, Vanport flint, with its rich and varied colors, is prized as Ohio's state gemstone.
TECHNOLOGY: MINING AND CRAFTING FLINT
The quarries and workshops at Flint Ridge are the traces of Ohio's first industry. The flint was dug from the ground and shaped into many kinds of tools.
THE PEOPLE OF THE RIDGE
Studying flint tools found in this area - how they were made and how they were used - provides insight into the American Indian people who lived in central Ohio prior to European contact.
NATURAL HISTORY: FOR EVERYTHING THERE IS A SEASON
The ancient flint quarries have becom vernal pools (temporary wetlands) that are now home to a variety of plants and animals. In addition, the presence of the flint layer just a few feet underneath the soil greatly influences the ways that trees in the area grow.
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OHIO'S GEMSTONE
VANPORT FLINT
The flint deposits at Flint Ridge are found in rocks of the geologic era known as the Pennsylvanian Period (299-320 million years ago). These deposits are the largest and purest occurrence of flint in the state. Technically called "Vanport Flint", Flint Ridge flint occurs in layers from 10 to 12 feet thick at this site. Vanport flint is particularly notable for its array of colors. Flint ranges in color from white to black, but is usually light gray to milky white and often mottled with patches and streaks. Other colors, however, such as bright red, yellow, green, and blue make Vanport flint unique. It can be so colorful that it's commonly referred to as Ohio's "rainbow" flint. The unusual beauty and historical importance of Flint Ridge flint earned it the title of Ohio's official gemstone in 1965.
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WHAT IS FLINT?
Flint is a sedimentary rock - it formed from sediment, material that settled millions of years ago to the bottom of the seas that covered what is now Ohio. Flint is a type of the common mineral quartz. It's one of the "microcrystalline" forms of quartz, meaning that its crystals are so small they can't be seen without magnification. The crystals are also tightly locked together, which gives flint its even consistency and hardness. These and other properties of flint make it an ideal material for creating sharp, durable tools.
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PEOPLE AT FLINT RIDGE THROUGH TIME
During the Middle Woodland Period (2,000 to 1,500 years ago), Ohio's American Indian culture began to quarry Flint Ridge flint on a more industrial scale. They still used the flint to make the tools needed for the tasks of daily living, but now they began to create specialty items, such as bladelet cores and teardrop-shaped knives. These were signature artifacts of the Hopewell culture (1-450 A.D.), and Hopewell people used these beautiful objects, as burial offerings, ceremonial gifts, and trade items for distribution from special places such as the Newark Earthworks.
After the decline of the Hopwell culture, later residents focused on using tool materials closer to their homes, and the use of Flint Ridge flint fell sharply. When Europeans introduced their trade goods to American Indians in the 1700s, Flint Ridge was all but abandoned. For a brief period in the 1800s to the 1920s, however, European Americans quarried Flint Ridge flint to make millstones and sandpaper.
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PEOPLE AND TECHNOLOGY
MINING AND CRAFTING FLINT
At Flint Ridge, ancient American Indians quarried the flint from pits they laboriously dug by hand into the bedrock. Many of these pits are still visible along the park trails. Once the flint was exposed, it was struck with hammer stones to break it into large chunks, which where then pried out of the surrounding rock with wooden poles.
Favorable pieces of flint were carried off to be knapped - expertly chipped and worked into tools. When flint is struck, it breaks into chunks withe edges as sharp as glass, and a skilled flint worker, or "knapper", can shape raw flint into precisely formed tools such as spear points, knives, scrapers, and drills. Ancient flint workers sometims used fire to heat the flint, which made it easier to knap. Heating flint also made its colors more vibrant.
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PEOPLE AT FLINT RIDGE THROUGH TIME
From the Paleoindian Period of North American history, which began around 14,000 years ago, through the Early Woodland Period, which ended about 2,000 years ago, ancient American Indians came to Flint Rigde when they needed flint to make new tools to replace those that were worn or broken. These early Americans probably came to the quarries at the same time each year, and their gatherings were not only an opportunity to obtain the needed flint, but also to meet friends and relatives they hadn't seen for many months.
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FOR EVERYTHING THERE IS A SEASON
The extensive flint deposits at Flint Ridge and the quarrying by early residents influenced the local ecosystem, including how nonhuman inhabitants thrive here and how trees grow in the area. Mining activities at Flint Ridge ceased hundreds of years ago, but the flint pits dug by ancient Americans remained.
The ancient flint quarries have become vernal pools (temporary wetlands) that are now home to a variety of plants and animals. The flint layer just a few feet beneath the soil hinders drainage, which influences the species of trees living here.
At Flint Ridge, the vernal pools are critical breeding grounds for 10 species of salamander. Several native species are unusual for the area, including the four-toed salamander, which is a "Species of Concern" in Ohio. Thriving and diverse native amphibian populations, such as those found at Flint Ridge, indicate that an ecosystem is healthy.
In addition to numerous animals, this seasonal forested wetland supports several kinds of trees. American beech trees prefer wet areas, and you can see a number of them neaby. Look for their smooth, gray "elephant leg" tunks and cigar-shaped buds. Other species that thrive in this ecosystem include oak, maple, hickory, sycamore, dogwood, redbud, hop hornbeam, cherry, elm, and sweetgum.
The trees' lives may be shortened because the flint underneath the soil blocks downward root growth, making the trees less stable.
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Stratigraphy: Vanport Flint, Allegheny Group, upper Middle Pennsylvanian
Locality: prehistoric flint pit, Flint Ridge State Park ("Flint Ridge State Memorial"; "Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries & Nature Preserve"), southeastern side of the Flint Ridge Road-Brownsville Road intersection, southeastern Licking County, east-central Ohio, USA (vicinity of 39° 59' 15.01" North latitude, 82° 15’ 44.39" West longitude)
George Long’s American Literature students used active and collaborative reading exercises to come to terms with The Great Gatsby. Here, the class examines details of characterization to construct a more holistic understanding of the text and insert their voices into the intellectual conversation. Photography by Glenn Minshall.
Mickey Leland research associate Megan Rich working in the Geological & Environmental Systems lab with mentor Thomas Paronish. Megan's project is core characterization of carbon storage wells. In this research, Megan will spend the summer learning how to acquire and analyze Multi-Sensor Corelogger and CT images data from a carbon storage well and compile the data into a report for publication.
Mickey Leland research associate Megan Rich working in the Geological & Environmental Systems lab with mentor Thomas Paronish. Megan's project is core characterization of carbon storage wells. In this research, Megan will spend the summer learning how to acquire and analyze Multi-Sensor Corelogger and CT images data from a carbon storage well and compile the data into a report for publication.
White Sands Missile Range Museum
This Carbon-Impregnated Plexiglas plate was exposed to MIRACL Beam during the fall of 1985 as part of the characterization tests that brought HELSTF (High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility) online as a test facility at White Sands Missile Range
MIRACL (Mid-Infrared Advanced Chemical Laser). It is a continuous wave, megawatt class deuterium-fluoride laser.
１２月２日からハワイで行われた国際会議9th International Symposium on Atomic Level Characterizations for New Materials and Devices 2013 (ALC13)でSiti ZulaikhaさんがStudent Awardを受賞しました。受賞テーマは有機EL素子の新しい非線形光学分析法に関するもので、水谷研と村田研の共同研究に基づく成果です。
（水谷研究室より提供）
１２月２日からハワイで行われた国際会議9th International Symposium on Atomic Level Characterizations for New Materials and Devices 2013 (ALC13)でSiti ZulaikhaさんがStudent Awardを受賞しました。受賞テーマは有機EL素子の新しい非線形光学分析法に関するもので、水谷研と村田研の共同研究に基づく成果です。
（水谷研究室より提供）
Mickey Leland research associate Megan Rich working in the Geological & Environmental Systems lab with mentor Thomas Paronish. Megan's project is core characterization of carbon storage wells. In this research, Megan will spend the summer learning how to acquire and analyze Multi-Sensor Corelogger and CT images data from a carbon storage well and compile the data into a report for publication.