View allAll Photos Tagged chalcolithic
Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük
Two hills form the 37 ha site on the Southern Anatolian Plateau. The taller eastern mound contains eighteen levels of Neolithic occupation between 7400 bc and 6200 bc, including wall paintings, reliefs, sculptures and other symbolic and artistic features. Together they testify to the evolution of social organization and cultural practices as humans adapted to a sedentary life. The western mound shows the evolution of cultural practices in the Chalcolithic period, from 6200 bc to 5200 bc. Çatalhöyük provides important evidence of the transition from settled villages to urban agglomeration, which was maintained in the same location for over 2,000 years. It features a unique streetless settlement of houses clustered back to back with roof access into the buildings.
Source: UNESCO
Çatalhöyük is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük
Two hills form the 37 ha site on the Southern Anatolian Plateau. The taller eastern mound contains eighteen levels of Neolithic occupation between 7400 bc and 6200 bc, including wall paintings, reliefs, sculptures and other symbolic and artistic features. Together they testify to the evolution of social organization and cultural practices as humans adapted to a sedentary life. The western mound shows the evolution of cultural practices in the Chalcolithic period, from 6200 bc to 5200 bc. Çatalhöyük provides important evidence of the transition from settled villages to urban agglomeration, which was maintained in the same location for over 2,000 years. It features a unique streetless settlement of houses clustered back to back with roof access into the buildings.
Source: UNESCO
Çatalhöyük is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Presqu'île de Milliau, Trebeurden
The dolmen ("covered path", Allée Couverte) is initially built as a corridor under a tumulus.
This megalithic monument is a collective tomb.
The covered walkways appear as an evolution of the dolmens: they are on average more recent than these, and end in the Late Neolithic (of the polished stone age) and in the Chalcolithic (copper age, before the bronze age).
Crédit Photo : POPH
Música (abrir en nueva pestaña) / Music (Open link in new tab): Adrian von Ziegler - Prophecy.
(please see English text below)
Un restaurado cuco en los aledaños de Hoya Gonzalo (Albacete). Los "cucos" son construcciones tradicionales en piedra, localizados en mitad de los vastos campos manchegos, donde asemejan telúricas construcciones nacidas de la misma tierra, normalmente de planta más o menos circular y rematados en cúpula formada por aproximación de hiladas cuyo cometido era el de servir de refugio a los pastores y trabajadores del campo para resguardarse de los rigores del clima.
Históricamente, continúan una ancestral tradición cuyos orígenes más remotos nos llevan hasta tiempos del Calcolítico, si bien la construcción de cuantos hoy en día podemos contemplar diseminados por nuestros campos, es relativamente reciente, desde los que puedan ser más antiguos y remontarse al Siglo XVIII, hasta los más recientes, de mediados del Siglo XX. Atesoran, por tanto, un valor más etnográfico que histórico. El de la fotografía, está restaurado de acuerdo a esas antiguas tradiciones que hemos citado. Decidimos utilizar una tenue luz roja para aportar un toque de inquietante misterioso ambiente en medio de la oscura y fría noche :-)
-English:
A restored traditional dry stone hut (known as "cuco" in the region) in the outskirts of Hoya Gonzalo (Albacete, Spain). "Cucos" (cuckoos) are traditional dry stone huts, usually made of more or less circular floor and dome formed by nearness of stone rows and located amidst the vast open fields of La Mancha, where they resemble telluric buildings born from the earth itself, whose original role was to serve as a refuge for shepherds and peasants to shelter from the harsh climate.
They historically follow a remote tradition probably established in Chalcolithic times, although the construction of those that we can see today on our fields is relatively recent, from the 18th to mid 20th Centuries. So they have a more etnographic value than historical. We decided to use a red light to create a touch of haunting mystery mood in the middle of the cold night :-)
Imagen protegida por Plaghunter / Image protected by Plaghunter
© Francisco García Ríos 2016- All Rights Reserved / Reservados todos los derechos.
El contenido de estas imágenes no puede ser copiado, distribuido ni publicado por ningún medio, bien sea electrónico o de cualquier otra naturaleza.
Su utilización en otras páginas web sin el consentimiento expreso del autor está PROHIBIDO y es sancionable por ley.
Cualquiera que quiera usar mis fotografías debe ponerse en contacto conmigo primero para acordar los términos de uso; así pues, para informarse acerca de copias, licencias, utlilización en blogs o cualquier otro uso, por favor, envíe un mensaje o correo electrónico (recesvintus(at)yahoo.es).
Gracias.
The content of these images cannot be copied,distributed or published for any media, electronic or otherwise.
The utilization in other web pages without the express written consent of the author is PROHIBITED and punishable by law.
Anyone wanting to use my photographs should contact me first to discuss the terms; so to enquire about prints, licensing, blogging and so on, please send an e-mail or message (recesvintus(at)yahoo.es).
Primitive when contrasted with Ullaca and having characteristics that might fit with neolithic and chalcolithic monument. Known as he "Santuario de la Peña del Gato" outside the village of Argañín in the Sayago region of Spain.
The roc de la Dentilhère looks like a natural floraison of 'standing stones' cascading skyward, with this the last thrust take with the tripod abutting a significant drop. A series of low tumuli around the rock included chalcolithic burial finds - with the enigmatic 'hand of Morenci' discovered carefully protected in a fissure. The rock is on a ridge peppered with intriguing petroglyphs (my guess would be late cultural expressions from the Bronze age through into the early Medieval).
It is easy to boulder and scramble up the rock and there are arguments present in books and papers that a throne is visible at the top. I'm not convinced, but the rock does spiral with slop and primitive steps and this is the conclusion. The indent visible in this picture does not seem to have enough 'decisions' to be placed within the category of monolithic chair(?).
AJ 23.10.19
Achnabreck
Kilmartin Glen. Argyll.
5,000 ybp
Contrast with 'Weetwood Moor' in Northumberland. A different hand with a similar visual language.
Contrast with 'Monte Tetón' petyroglyph, Galicia Spain. A hyperbolic version of the concentric ring petroglyph.
Contrast with the 'Drumtroddan stone' in Dumfries and Galloway. Broadly similar cups and rings on a megalith and thus presented vertically.
Contrast with the 'Menhir Pedra Pintà' in Sardinia, again a similar scale and open poetic on a megalith - by design or lift?
Contrast with the 'Sikhote-Alin' in the Black Sea region with petroglyphs where concentrics are now locked within image envelopes. Arresting images, but seeming to be from a different gestation.
Dolmens are strongly associated with the Neolithic and cromlechs with the bronze age, with the image of the chalcolithic buffering hundreds of years between. In truth there is some room for blur. The two smaller dolmens (on the mountain rise behind this outcrop) are situated aside a path that can riddle all the way to the Cromlech de Gurrundué, and are late examples of this megalithic form, with dates in approximate time with an early bronze age cromlech. The main dolmen of Tella (again behind these vivid outcrops) is a little bigger, but still from the very end of the Neolithic. The view from the cromlech and from Tella of the hidden peaks of the three sisters (Las Treserol) is a constant. I have linked images of the three dolmens and the cromlech below. I have also linked a close image of Las Treserol - a truly mythical mountain comparable and contrastable with, for example, Mt Kailash.
Prior to the Neolithic, most all people moved over a year, and replacing the sense of 'landscape' with an act - 'pilgrimage', is perhaps to be expected. 'Las Treserol' is in my opinion the easiest idea of a central peak to the whole Pyrenees mountain range. Its myth is of three sisters. Sisters marry away from the local clan, and in deeper times past, perhaps suffered from a dissonance of sense of place. 'Three sister' myths from mountain peaks that feed water, touch the sky and seem to have power over the elements might offer a greater focus without negating local family and clan stories. There are varieties of the story of the three sisters and with medieval and post medieval pressures one must imagine that these may have changed.
Rock art from a modified cave is also linked below - to illustrate a potential intermediate point for pilgrims. The same style of energetic star image is visible in a second carved space some 270km to the west. The second space did not become a hermitage and remains unclassified. The stars may be icons from a cult that existed in pre Christian ages. With the second site set back behind the Ebro and on a path north to the Atlantic, a cult of water with sparkles of the sun offering dances of 'stars' may be possible. Here the many 'suns' are reflections of the sun via water, with the rock capturing the ripple of the water surface. One sun, many sparking reflections like the twinkling of stars at night. One sun with a capacity to mosaic its influence in multiple ways. I look into ideas of pilgrimage around Tella in many associated posts.
AJM 21.12.21
Like a micro 'allée couverte' without anti-chamber of corridor, and with an integrated stone for an interior 'chair' or table which seems to preclude all ideas of burial as a past function. A construction requiring a specialist team with the finished strength and permanence of a 'boat haven' but with a short interior space perhaps perfectly adapted to house the needs of an amber trader (deposits in overlooking hills). The word 'haven' offers an idea of permanence, serenity and protection without aggressive tones, and perhaps the term 'amber haven' should be afforded for this specific example.
AJ
A soft HDR from HDR pro, coping with the dynamic range looking from the shade inside and into sun filled valley. I was using the 28mm Rokinon.
Laure-Minervois
Aude. Occitanie.
Chalcolithique into the bronze age.
Upwards of three hundred individuals were found to have been burred after a 1926 dig. Many objects including some in copper.
The total length of the megalith held within its tumulus is 14 meters with a north south orientation. The edge of the 22m diameter tumulus is a ring of 20 standing stones (péristalithe) in-filled with dry stone. The dry stone arrives at the top of the stones making them disappear as ornamentation, and there may be an argument that the tumulus descended to the edge leaving the stones as a visible perimeter presence. The renovation has been robust with images during and just after in Jean Guilaine's book 1998. .
The corridor, antichamber, funeral chanber widen as a wedge. 4m, 5,60m and 3.20 respectively.
Comparisons with the dolmen du Capicin; Fades and Pouget are viable.
Today we look at buildings and 'read' their lines, ascribing a finishing term such as Bauhaus, Renaissance or Neo Classical. If we were to simply 'read' the lines and details of this heavy monolithic site without prior "reading", then we may notice the extremely heavy and softly squared dolmen-like monolithic 'table' and place the site within a category that includes late Neolithic sites and Chalcolithic sites. We may notice a simple 'throne' carved high above the surface of the ground and link it with a number of sites from late prehistoric ages. We may notice the lack of ornamentation and the sense of raw structure and place it in a Chalcolithic date category aside the 'boat havens' (currently described as hypogee) in the Fontvieilles cluster (images and hypothesis posted between April 2019 and spring 2020). We understand that a monolithic sarcophagi is located in the rock 'above' the site - which contrast with many Christian sites where burial is typically under the place of worship. We notice the proximity with highly significant Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze age and Iron Age sites. We notice that the site is both under deposits of the precious stone amber, and aside the great River Ebro E/W highway, and are relaxed to imagine a subject oriented 'warrior sentry' (proto police) sat on a carved chair with spiritually linked traders negotiating language and exchange with new or unknown visiting faces. In effect, we may see a strong space for a vivid and rare mineral that was at the heart of the late prehistoric mosaic, and a loci that is perfectly positioned between the hill top deposits and the valley's natural flows of people.
For a number of reasons I will not rush into dating other sites from this specific example.
AJM. 28.12.20
Antipatris (Αντιπατρίς), one of two places known as Tel Afek, is an archaeological site in Israel. It was inhabited from the chalcolithic time to the late Roman period, but is named after Antipatris, a city built in the site by Herod the Great, and named in honour of his father, Antipater II of Judea. An Ottoman fortress was built in its place in the 16th century.
The castle seen in the photo has been recently restored, with a type of restoration respectful of history and without pretensions of turning the place into a setting for series like "Game of Thrones."
Initially it was a medieval Muslim fortress (10th and 11th centuries), although recent studies place its origin in the Chalcolithic period, with later Celtiberian occupations and later Roman influence, since it may be the Roman city Valeriana, cited by some Roman historians, in honor of the emperor Valerian.
After the Christian reconquest of the city of Berlanga, carried out by King Ferdinand I of Castile, the city and its fortress underwent several reforms in which the outermost walls were raised, part of which can be seen in the photo.
And in the 16th century it was transformed into an artillery fortress with walls prepared for heavy artillery attacks, which is how they are seen in the upper part of the photo.
Later, as has happened with the vast majority of castles, they have been used as quarries for nearby towns. (Source: Wikipedia)
CASTILLO DE BERLANGA DE DUERO, SORIA, ESPAÑA, 2023
El castillo que se ve en la foto ha sido recientemente restaurado, con un tipo de restauración respetuosa con la historia y sin pretensiones de convertir el lugar en un escenario para series como "Juego de Tronos".
Inicialmente se trataba de una fortaleza medieval musulmana (siglos X y XI), aunque estudios recientes sitúan su origen en el periodo calcolítico, con posteriores ocupaciones celtíbera e influencia posterior romana, ya que puede tratarse de la ciudad romana Valeriana, citada por algunos historiadores romanos, en honor del emperador Valeriano.
Tras la reconquisa cristiana de la ciudad de Berlanga, llevada a cabo por el rey Fernando I de Castilla, la ciudad y su fortaleza sufren varias reformas en las que se levantan los muros más exteriores, parte de los cuales se ven en la foto.
Y en el siglo XVI se transforma en fortaleza artillera con muros preparados para el ataque de artillería pesada, que es como se ven en la parte superior de la foto.
Posteriormente, como ha ocurrido con la inmensa mayoría de los castillos, han sido usados como canteras para las localidades cercanas. (Fuente: Wikipedia)
The larger menhir is 3.5m high with the smaller just under 1.5m.
5500-5000 Y.B.P.
Menhir de la Murtra. North east Spain.
The smaller was re erected and there is talk of it having been part of a greater cromlech circle. If this is the case, foundation holes should be there to find. The alternative is that it was a simple menhir duo as seen in the pairs of the 'Cham des Bondons' in the Cevennes France - specifically an example like the Menhirs jumeaux de la Vaissière. Perthshire pairs also come to mind, for example the Thorn Stone Pair.
This Flickr post serves to offer an ambiance of an area that is nicely littered with megaliths not so far from other posts to do with the north east of Spain. Here, many of the diverse neolithic and Chalcolithic megaliths have associated basins and I use this as support evidence for my interpretive visualizations of the 'jaciment neolític de Savassona' and other photo-texts for example Grandmont.
AJ
Música (abrir en nueva pestaña) / Music (Open link in new tab): Faun - Era escuro.
(please see English text below)
Un restaurado cuco en los aledaños de Hoya Gonzalo (Albacete). Los "cucos" son construcciones tradicionales en piedra, localizados en mitad de los vastos campos manchegos, donde asemejan telúricas construcciones nacidas de la misma tierra, normalmente de planta más o menos circular y rematados en cúpula formada por aproximación de hiladas cuyo cometido era el de servir de refugio a los pastores y trabajadores del campo para resguardarse de los rigores del clima.
Históricamente, continúan una ancestral tradición cuyos orígenes más remotos nos llevan hasta tiempos del Calcolítico, si bien la construcción de cuantos hoy en día podemos contemplar diseminados por nuestros campos, es relativamente reciente, desde los que puedan ser más antiguos y remontarse al Siglo XVIII, hasta los más recientes, de mediados del Siglo XX. Atesoran, por tanto, un valor más etnográfico que histórico. El de la fotografía, es de nueva construcción, siguiendo esas antiguas tradiciones que hemos citado. Decidimos utilizar una tenue luz roja para aportar un toque de inquietante misterioso ambiente en medio de la oscura y fría noche :-)
-English:
A restored traditional dry stone hut (known as "cuco" in the region) in the outskirts of Hoya Gonzalo (Albacete, Spain). "Cucos" (cuckoos) are traditional dry stone huts, usually made of more or less circular floor and dome formed by nearness of stone rows and located amidst the vast open fields of La Mancha, where they resemble telluric buildings born from the earth itself, whose original role was to serve as a refuge for shepherds and peasants to shelter from the harsh climate.
They historically follow a remote tradition probably established in Chalcolithic times, although the construction of those that we can see today on our fields is relatively recent, from the 18th to mid 20th Centuries. So they have a more etnographic value than historical. We decided to use a red light to create a touch of haunting mystery mood in the middle of the cold night :-)
Imagen protegida por Plaghunter / Image protected by Plaghunter
© Francisco García Ríos 2016- All Rights Reserved / Reservados todos los derechos.
El contenido de estas imágenes no puede ser copiado, distribuido ni publicado por ningún medio, bien sea electrónico o de cualquier otra naturaleza.
Su utilización en otras páginas web sin el consentimiento expreso del autor está PROHIBIDO y es sancionable por ley.
Cualquiera que quiera usar mis fotografías debe ponerse en contacto conmigo primero para acordar los términos de uso; así pues, para informarse acerca de copias, licencias, utlilización en blogs o cualquier otro uso, por favor, envíe un mensaje o correo electrónico (recesvintus(at)yahoo.es).
Gracias.
The content of these images cannot be copied,distributed or published for any media, electronic or otherwise.
The utilization in other web pages without the express written consent of the author is PROHIBITED and punishable by law.
Anyone wanting to use my photographs should contact me first to discuss the terms; so to enquire about prints, licensing, blogging and so on, please send an e-mail or message (recesvintus(at)yahoo.es).
In the restoration works, a sandstone stela with engravings dating from the Chalcolithic era was found on the surface of the original burial mound, on the outside of ostrata 5 and 6 of the corridor. This stela, unique in the Basque area, has allowed the review of post-Palaeolithic graphic entities in the Basque-Navarrese area, allowing us to document graphic diversity. It is an anthropomorphic stele, a human silhouette with engravings that make up five horizontal lines, representing a hand, some engravings that support a halberd and, at shoulder height, two engraved daggers stand out.
Wikipedia
Kilmartin Glen Argyll.
4,200 - 3,200 ybp
In the foreground is a fine Kerb cairn. In the mid can be seen the main four-stone row. In the distance to the left is the two-stone row. The original position of the holed stone was behind the two-stone row, probably hidden by the left hand stone of the four-stone row (for this perspective). Studies of shadow movements throughout the year would need this stone to be re established into as near perfect position as is possible. Quite a lot of thought and planning required.
Some of the stones have cups and canals and the curent thinking is that they were decorated 1,500 years prior to being removed and lifted.
Panorama del risco de la cuevas - Perales de Tajuña, Madrid, España.
Situadas cerca de la margen derecha del río Tajuña y declaradas Monumento Nacional, las cuevas protohistóricas de Risco de las Cuevas. Son medio centenar de cavidades, divididas en dos grupos separados por un estrecho barranco, cuyo origen se remonta, al parecer, al Neolítico.
Algunos creen que se trata de la antigua Caracca carpetana, tribu ibera que combatió en las guerra Sertorianas en el siglo I a.C. Plutarco en su obra Vidas Paralelas que el general romano sacó de sus guaridas excavadas de un peñasco a los caracitanos. Su resistencia fue anulada levantando una polvareda que ahogo a sus habitantes en sus propias moradas, rindiendose. En los pies de las cuevas se han hallado proyectiles que se lanzaban con hondas.
Las dataciones más antiguas de ocupación datan de hace unos 5.000 años, en el periodo Calcolítico. Hay también abundantes restos de la Edad de Bronce, la Edad de Hierro, la época romana, árabe y medieval que se conservan en el Museo Arqueológico Regional de Alcalá de Henares y en el centro de interpretación dedicado al risco, en la antigua ermita de San Sebastián. Han estado habitadas hasta principios del siglo XX.
Panorama of the cliff of the caves - Perales de Tajuña, Madrid, Spain.
Located near the right bank of the Tajuña River and declared a National Monument, the protohistoric caves of Risco de las Cuevas. There are about fifty cavities, divided into two groups separated by a narrow ravine, whose origin goes back, apparently, to the Neolithic.
Some believe that it is the old Caracca carpetana, an Iberian tribe that fought in the Sertorian wars in the 1st century BC. Plutarch in his work Parallel Lives that the Roman general took out of his dens excavated from a rock to the caracitanos. Their resistance was annulled by raising a dust that drowned its inhabitants in their own homes, surrendering. At the foot of the caves have been found projectiles that were launched with slings.
The oldest occupation dates date from about 5,000 years ago, in the Chalcolithic period. There are also abundant remains from the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, the Roman, Arabic and medieval times that are preserved in the Regional Archaeological Museum of Alcalá de Henares and in the interpretation center dedicated to the cliff, in the old hermitage of San Sebastian. They have been habited until the beginning of the 20th century.
#380
It has just been announced that one of the five main cairns that make up the linear cemetery of Kilmartin Glen has a cist that contains rock art depicting red deer. This is big news for the UK - very, very big news. The UK had a diversity of megaliths, earthworks and schematic petroglyph of range and greatest quality, but very little representational paleolithic rock art: too much ice, and then too much of a meltwater channel barrage to bring in the style, or perhaps the drawings kept to leather and wood with there being fewer rock abris on Isles with shorter rivers? Apart from Creswell Crags, later periods were all schematic, hyperbolic or monumental.
Cists are often thought of as being from within the bronze age - think of boxes of wood or stone for bodies. The cairns (or mineral tumuli) of Kilmartin Glen have cists at their centres and even edges and some are dated to the Chalcolithic bridge, so around 5000 ybp and a last glimpse of the Neolithic. The above cairn, with the red deer rock-art, dates to late Neolithic and Bronze age and has three cists. For these early dates it is best to imagine varietal dolmens towards the centre and edges of mineral cairns/tumuli. Some cairns with one cist in the centre others more mixed.
www.historicenvironment.scot/visit-a-place/places/kilmart...
The relaxed and calm linear cemetery of Kilmartin Glen is in a wide valley, and this valley, and the side hills, hum with Neolithic and Bronze Age delights far beyond the five lineal cairns alone. Some of the finest rock art in the UK looks and waits from this sheltered position, discreetly back from a dynamic range of sea options; Northern Ireland, Arran, The Mull of Kytyre, Jura, Islay, The Isle of Man, Cumbria... and, Atlantic coastal and greater Biscay passage. For the moment, the rock art that is known from this local area is schematic and includes idiosyncratic stations of cups and rings, with some 'wheels', and 'ladder' tails... Northumberland, North West Spain and Portugal are all known for some broadly similar rupestre, but only sites on the Iberian peninsula have simplified deer figures adjacent to cups and rings, so comparisons will naturally be made. Nordic sites also exist with images of deer, but knowing the date range and position, first call will be the Atlantic run and Iberian exchange. Exchanges of culture and knowledge do not need parallel exchanges or significant long term exchanges of genetics, especially when protocols of goodwill are in place or when travelling parties are made up of men meeting men, as is the case for hunting groups and some religious formats (recent criticisms of the Solutreen hypothesis seem to miss this detail), and I expect that the artwork will also help to show that long distant fair-weather travel by boats occurred outside of the Mediterranean sea during the late ages of prehistory, and that even low frequency and rare events can have an impact of man's optic.
The discovery was made by Flickr's Hamish Fenton
www.flickr.com/people/hamishfenton/
(Oxfordshire) and it is well worth following him - areal shots and much more.
Orion is in the sky.
AJ
Some time back, I received a Flickr-Mail telling me about a publication relating to the megaliths behind Cap Creus in Spain (many thanks!). Over a year late, I found the book in a small book book shop, just off the top end of the Rambla in Figueres ... another year to find the time ... with many of the sites posted from around this date originating from data provided in this book : "Guia del megalitisme de L'Alt Empordà" by Vincenç Armangué i Ribas. The book was published in 2015 and the publisher is 'Megalitica'.
A paradolmen is a natural rock formation with a cavity that lends itself to a megalithic appropriation. Additional stones added by man can turn the space towards the idea of a dolmen. Neolithic and chalcolithic grave goods assure the difference between a paradolmen and an abris of the style 'toue'.
AJ
Achnabreck
Kilmartin Glen. Argyll.
5,000 ybp
The tail of the left hand cup and rings sleeks away over a single cup and then via a bifurcation to arrive at two small cup and rings. There is a real sense of movement and travel to this line. There may be two other tails dissecting the same rings.
The concentric rings to the right do not appear to have an obvious tail to their central cup whereas the central form has a tail that sprouts 'sepals' just under the rings.
Other canals can be seen to the right, with a sense of disposition and direction. The arms and head of an anthropomorphe may appear - but without the adjacent evolution it is impossible to know.
Individual peck marks can be seen from where the eqivalent of a 'bull point chisel' impacted. Whilst many thousands of years later, this reminds me of the technique used to draw horses in the Coa valley megasite.
One of the largest collections of monolithic body forms and graves can be found at the down slope of this monolithic carved form, in a greater site that can almost hear the lapping way of the river Ebro. Whilst many of the carved body forms are certainly sarcophagi from the early medieval, the above main monolithic loci looks coherently to have the surface language more typical of late prehistorical ages (for example the chalcolithic bridge), suggesting a lengthy period of site use that spanned prehistory with history.
AJM 16.02.21
The sierra in the background is the Alava's Peña del Castillo 989m between the Peña las Doce and Toloño on the boarder area between the Rioja and the Basque region. The Urizaharra deposits of amber (much looked for in the late ages of prehistory) are behind these crests. The above 'warm water form' is aside the Ebro river basin, set back less than 4km along a tributary, and in the lowland. Amber negotiation, and all of the ancillary meets and exchanges that might be provoked by just such a valued encounter might be best placed on just such a safe-ground between the lowland 'highway' and the highland valued deposits. Amber exchanges may have added wealth to the local area and the mindset of exchange may have provoked a diversification of high value production to increase the offer for arriving visitors and regular traders. Textiles, baskets and perfumes may all benefit from warm water forms, as might de-tanning acorns and soaking blistered feet.
Two other 'Warm water forms can be found within talking distance, and the 'amber harbour' of Llana - an applied megalith apt for precious stone negotiations, is within shouting distance to the south east. I would look to either side of the chalcolithic for dates.
AJM 09.01.21
The first inhabitants of the area lived on the Biga Peninsula in the Last Chalcolithic Age c. 6,000 years ago. However, very little is known about their identity and lifestyle. According to some excavations and research, the earliest settlements in the area were established at Kumtepe. Kumkale is thought to have been established in 4000 BC and Troy between 3500 and 3000 BC.
5,500-3,800 ybp, so mid neolithic to Chalcolithic.
Another extraordinary example of neolithic cup and canal rock carving from a 20 minute hike down the hill from the stunning Inscultures de les Creus de Planelles (see below). Not as vast as the Planelles station but well worth seeing for its authenticity and preservation. There is mica in the rock which is nice. See how the detailed area of canals and cups is in a tight zone expanding out...
There is a sign at the site warning visitors of bees. The light was excellent and I enjoyed the setup - changing lenses and trying different exposures. Bees normally come from hives - here they came from tunnels in the ground so were buzzing and fizzing under the camera bag. Once out, there was nothing to do but run around the rock as they are bees that chase :-)
AJ
The little island of Yeronisos, uninhabited since the 15th century, just off the coast at Agios Georgios on Cyprus.
The name Iera Nisos translates as Holy Island and recent excavations have revealed that it once had a sanctuary dedicated to Apollo in the late Hellenistic period, reputedy commissioned by Queen Cleopatra of Egypt.
Pliny talks about an island called Hiera located in Paphos and Strabo mentions a place called Hierocepis near Paphos and Akamas so it's is possible that the name refers to the altar of Apollo that was a known tourist spot during the 1st century B.C.
During the early Byzantine period, a Christian Basilica Church was built and there are also artifacts dating to the Early Chalcolithic period (3800 BC).
Serra de Osa, Redondo. Alentejo Central. Portugal. Europa.
Megalitic cultures of the Iberic Peninsula.
N 38 42.250' W 007 33.214'
www.monumentos.gov.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=1194
Anta/Dolmen - Neolithic e Chalcolithic (Copper Age). The Candieira menhir is located in a slight elevation next to the first ridgeline of the Ossa range, near the Calado Brook. This megalithic monument is composed of a polygonal shaped chamber, about 3m in diameter, formed by seven shale orthostates, 2m tall, along with a cover slab decorated with cups and a medium sized corridor, rectangular in shape, from which only two orthostates are preserved. Traces of the mamoa are identified on the outside, which would reach roughly 5m in diameter. The headboard has a small square shaped orifice, known locally as the "soul hole" which shows a strong magic symbolism. This orifice, which ascribes uniqueness to this megalithic monument, may have been made during prehistoric times, or even in later periods (medieval/modern), possibly being associated to the use of this dolmen as a shelter for shepherds and hermits. The architectural characteristics and the materials collected in this monument allow to frame its construction and use at the end of the 4th and 3rd millennium BC (3500/2000 BC), being reused in medieval periods (14th century), as well as modern periods.
The ancient city of Aphrodisias, once the capital of the province of Lydia, is located near the village of Geyre in the district of Karacasu . The history of the city can be traced back to the early bronze age and there is even clear evidence of a chalcolithic culture prior to the 3rd millennium B.C. The use of the name Aphrodisias began after the 3rd century B.C., in the Hellenistic period.
The wealth and cultural and political importance of the city is clearly attested by the size and magnificence of the buildings of which it is composed.The name Aphrodisias is derived from Aphrodite, the goddess of nature, beauty, love and plenty, and was one of the most famous cult centres of the goddess.
The agora (seen from the east) was planned in the 1 St. century B.C. for use as a market and popular meeting place. It is composed of two Ionic porticoes over 200 m long and running from east to west. The monumental gate of the agora is located at the eastern end. This ornamental entrance was erected in the middle of the 2nd century but in order to prevent the flooding that followed the 4th century earthquake it was converted into a nymphaeum and connected to a water supply system to be used in controlling the water flow.
5 300 – 4 200 ybp
Discovered in 1861
The original is pictured right (Rodez) with the measure of view seen via the copy that is positioned near to the spot where the statue menhir was found.
I have put Chalcolithic and early bronze age in the Flickr tags as the iconography of these schematic figures probably bridged these periods even if some of the iconic originals may be late neolithic.
Cucuteni culture or the Trypillia culture, is a Neolithic–Chalcolithic archaeological culture (c. 5500 to 2750 BC) of Southeast Europe.
Found in 1898, you see here the original location (left) and the original example (right). The small bows and arrows often situated near to the right shoulders of statue menhirs may not be at first convincing, but with the Statue-Menhir de la Coste the interpretation is indubitable. Key examples help people 'read' others. The arrowhead of the bow's arrow may still have been in flint and the state of preservation of this area of the original is very exciting. The belt seems to be woven and strings of leather would be one option of many. The hunter's knife seems to have been scrubbed away in a change of direction for the statues 'meaning' with the cup at the centre of the ring that holds the hunter's knife being a residue with a second unknown cup. The project to produce replica statue menhirs was massive and of real importance, and it should be expected that some examples may be returned to over time. My own feeling is that this example could be better - said with gratitude and without criticism.
To the left is the copy in situ with the original in the Musée Fenaille in Rodez to the right.
A bow (bow and arrow) near the right shoulder is smaller than life sized; a rectangular belt buckle, an object that looks like a knife holster, hints of the folds of a long shepherd's cloak. Two dangling legs like the ends of a Dr Who scarf.
(please see English text below)
Un restaurado cuco en los aledaños de Hoya Gonzalo (Albacete). Los "cucos" son construcciones tradicionales en piedra, localizados en mitad de los vastos campos manchegos, donde asemejan telúricas construcciones nacidas de la misma tierra, normalmente de planta más o menos circular y rematados en cúpula formada por aproximación de hiladas cuyo cometido era el de servir de refugio a los pastores y trabajadores del campo para resguardarse de los rigores del clima.
Históricamente, continúan una ancestral tradición cuyos orígenes más remotos nos llevan hasta tiempos del Calcolítico, si bien la construcción de cuantos hoy en día podemos contemplar diseminados por nuestros campos, es relativamente reciente, desde los que puedan ser más antiguos y remontarse al Siglo XVIII, hasta los más recientes, de mediados del Siglo XX. Atesoran, por tanto, un valor más etnográfico que histórico. El de la fotografía, está restaurado de acuerdo a esas antiguas tradiciones que hemos citado. En mitad de ese yermo paraje y bajo el estrellado cielo de la noche, me recordó a un escenario de aquellos clásicos del cine de ciencia ficción de los años 50. :-)
-English:
A restored traditional dry stone hut (known as "cuco" in the region) in the outskirts of Hoya Gonzalo (Albacete, Spain). "Cucos" are traditional dry stone huts, usually made of more or less circular floor and dome formed by nearness of stone rows and located amidst the vast open fields of La Mancha, where they resemble telluric buildings born from the earth itself, whose original role was to serve as a refuge for shepherds and peasants to shelter from the harsh climate.
They historically follow a remote tradition probably established in Chalcolithic times, although the construction of those that we can see today on our fields is relatively recent, from the 18th to mid 20th Centuries. So they have a more etnographic value than historical. In the middle of those badlands and under that dark starry night sky, It made me remember a scene of those classic science fiction films of the fifties :-).
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© Francisco García Ríos 2016- All Rights Reserved / Reservados todos los derechos.
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Gracias.
The content of these images cannot be copied,distributed or published for any media, electronic or otherwise.
The utilization in other web pages without the express written consent of the author is PROHIBITED and punishable by law.
Anyone wanting to use my photographs should contact me first to discuss the terms; so to enquire about prints, licensing, blogging and so on, please send an e-mail or message (recesvintus(at)yahoo.es).
Música (abrir en nueva pestaña) / Music (Open link in new tab): Mike Oldfield - Jungle Gardenia.
(please see English text below)
Otro cuco más, fotografiado en compañía de mis colegas Antonio e Isidro, en esta ocasión en las cercanías de Las Peñas de San Pedro (Albacete), en medio de estrellada noche bajo la luz de la luna y en un primaveral florido y silvestre entorno :-) .
Los "cucos" son viejas rústicas construcciones tradicionales en piedra, localizados en mitad de los vastos campos manchegos, donde asemejan telúricas construcciones nacidas de la misma tierra, normalmente de planta más o menos circular y rematados en cúpula formada por aproximación de hiladas cuyo cometido era el de servir de refugio a los pastores y trabajadores del campo para resguardarse de los rigores del clima.
Históricamente, continúan una ancestral tradición cuyos orígenes más remotos nos llevan hasta tiempos del Calcolítico (los "tholoi"), si bien la construcción de cuantos hoy en dí-a podemos contemplar diseminados por nuestros campos, es relativamente reciente, desde los que puedan ser más antiguos y remontarse al Siglo XVIII, hasta los más recientes, de mediados del Siglo XX. Atesoran, por tanto, un valor más etnológico que histórico.
-English:
Another traditional dry stone hut (known as "cuco" in the region), in a capture made in the company of my colleagues and fellow photographers Antonio and Isidro, this time near Las Peñas de San Pedro (Albacete, Spain) and surrounded by spring flowers and weeds, under the moonlight and the stars in the middle of the night :-) .
"Cucos" are old traditional and rustic dry stone huts, usually made of more or less circular floor and dome formed by nearness of stone rows and located amidst the vast open fields of La Mancha, where they resemble telluric buildings born from the earth itself, whose original role was to serve as a refuge for shepherds and peasants to shelter from the harsh climate.
They historically follow a remote tradition probably established in Chalcolithic times (tholoi), although the construction of those that we can see today on our fields is relatively recent, from the 18th to mid 20th Centuries. So they have a more ethnologic than historical value.
Imagen protegida por Plaghunter / Image protected by Plaghunter
© Francisco García Ríos 2016- All Rights Reserved / Reservados todos los derechos.
El contenido de estas imágenes no puede ser copiado, distribuido ni publicado por ningún medio, bien sea electrónico o de cualquier otra naturaleza.
Su utilización en otras páginas web sin el consentimiento expreso del autor está PROHIBIDO y es sancionable por ley.
Cualquiera que quiera usar mis fotografías debe ponerse en contacto conmigo primero para acordar los términos de uso; así pues, para informarse acerca de copias, licencias, utlilización en blogs o cualquier otro uso, por favor, envíe un mensaje o correo electrónico (recesvintus(at)yahoo.es).
Gracias.
The content of these images cannot be copied,distributed or published for any media, electronic or otherwise.
The utilization in other web pages without the express written consent of the author is PROHIBITED and punishable by law.
Anyone wanting to use my photographs should contact me first to discuss the terms; so to enquire about prints, licensing, blogging and so on, please send an e-mail or message (recesvintus(at)yahoo.es).
Cucuteni culture or the Trypillia culture, is a Neolithic–Chalcolithic archaeological culture (c. 5500 to 2750 BC) of Southeast Europe.
Cucuteni culture or the Trypillia culture, is a Neolithic–Chalcolithic archaeological culture (c. 5500 to 2750 BC) of Southeast Europe.
Música (abrir en nueva pestaña) / Music (Open link in new tab): Mussorgsky - Night On Bald Mountain.
(please see English text below)
Un refulgente cuco, fotografiado en compañía de mis colegas Antonio y Manolo Tobarra, en los aledaños de Jorquera (Albacete), y que asemeja estar conectado a los cables de alta tensión que surcan el cielo para emitir tan poderoso, mágico y sobrenatural fulgor por la suya entrada, como el que en la imagen muestra :-) .
Los "cucos" son viejas rústicas construcciones tradicionales en piedra, localizados en mitad de los vastos campos manchegos, donde asemejan telúricas construcciones nacidas de la misma tierra, normalmente de planta más o menos circular y rematados en cúpula formada por aproximación de hiladas cuyo cometido era el de servir de refugio a los pastores y trabajadores del campo para resguardarse de los rigores del clima.
Históricamente, continúan una ancestral tradición cuyos orígenes más remotos nos llevan hasta tiempos del Calcolítico (los "tholoi"), si bien la construcción de cuantos hoy en dí-a podemos contemplar diseminados por nuestros campos, es relativamente reciente, desde los que puedan ser más antiguos y remontarse al Siglo XVIII, hasta los más recientes, de mediados del Siglo XX. Atesoran, por tanto, un valor más etnográfico que histórico.
-English:
A glowing traditional dry stone hut (known and named as "cuco" in the region), in a capture made in the company of my colleagues and fellow photographers Antonio and Manolo Tobarra, in the outskirts of Jorquera (Albacete, Spain), that seems to be connected to the overhead power line to send out such a powerful, magical and supernatural glow from its entrance as shown in the picture :-) .
"Cucos" are old traditional and rustic dry stone huts, usually made of more or less circular floor and dome formed by nearness of stone rows and located amidst the vast open fields of La Mancha, where they resemble telluric buildings born from the earth itself, whose original role was to serve as a refuge for shepherds and peasants to shelter from the harsh climate.
They historically follow a remote tradition probably established in Chalcolithic times (tholoi), although the construction of those that we can see today on our fields is relatively recent, from the 18th to mid 20th Centuries. So they have a more etnographic than historical value.
Imagen protegida por Plaghunter / Image protected by Plaghunter
© Francisco García Ríos 2016- All Rights Reserved / Reservados todos los derechos.
El contenido de estas imágenes no puede ser copiado, distribuido ni publicado por ningún medio, bien sea electrónico o de cualquier otra naturaleza.
Su utilización en otras páginas web sin el consentimiento expreso del autor está PROHIBIDO y es sancionable por ley.
Cualquiera que quiera usar mis fotografías debe ponerse en contacto conmigo primero para acordar los términos de uso; así pues, para informarse acerca de copias, licencias, utlilización en blogs o cualquier otro uso, por favor, envíe un mensaje o correo electrónico (recesvintus(at)yahoo.es).
Gracias.
The content of these images cannot be copied,distributed or published for any media, electronic or otherwise.
The utilization in other web pages without the express written consent of the author is PROHIBITED and punishable by law.
Anyone wanting to use my photographs should contact me first to discuss the terms; so to enquire about prints, licensing, blogging and so on, please send an e-mail or message (recesvintus(at)yahoo.es).
Montpellier - Zoo de Lunaret. Displaced from Vidals (Lacaune) in the Tarn region of France.
Looking like a smart 'stele discoidal' or a slick Celtic circle, the left hand image is simply an attempt to make a grind stone. The stone mason got to a point where his work needed to be turned over, and he must have stopped when he saw the petyroglyphic image of a statue-menhir. The stone mason's lever marker's may be visible on the side edge where his 'baramine' may have scored the rock. There is an argument that these are late neolithic or chalcolithic marks - if so, they are faint. The work to cut the grindstone did remove the upper left and right edges of the menhir's curve. I have made a montage of what it's outer lines may have originally looked like - the right hand image. An adjacent image shows the statue-menhir in situe, surrounded by animals with not a word of refrance, (pre)history or context (see below).
Cucuteni culture or the Trypillia culture, is a Neolithic–Chalcolithic archaeological culture (c. 5500 to 2750 BC) of Southeast Europe.
Antipatris (Αντιπατρίς), one of two places known as Tel Afek, is an archaeological site in Israel. It was inhabited from the chalcolithic time to the late Roman period, but is named after Antipatris, a city built in the site by Herod the Great, and named in honour of his father, Antipater II of Judea. An Ottoman fortress was built in its place in the 16th century.
Música (abrir en nueva pestaña) / Music (Open link in new tab): Faun - Karuna.
(please see English text below)
Un restaurado cuco en los aledaños de Hoya Gonzalo (Albacete). Los "cucos" son construcciones tradicionales en piedra, localizados en mitad de los vastos campos manchegos, donde asemejan telúricas construcciones nacidas de la misma tierra, normalmente de planta más o menos circular y rematados en cúpula formada por aproximación de hiladas cuyo cometido era el de servir de refugio a los pastores y trabajadores del campo para resguardarse de los rigores del clima.
Históricamente, continúan una ancestral tradición cuyos orígenes más remotos nos llevan hasta tiempos del Calcolítico, si bien la construcción de cuantos hoy en día podemos contemplar diseminados por nuestros campos, es relativamente reciente, desde los que puedan ser más antiguos y remontarse al Siglo XVIII, hasta los más recientes, de mediados del Siglo XX. Atesoran, por tanto, un valor más etnográfico que histórico. El de la fotografía, está restaurado de acuerdo a esas antiguas tradiciones que hemos citado. Decidimos utilizar una tenue luz roja para aportar un toque de inquietante misterioso ambiente en medio de la oscura y fría noche :-)
-English:
A restored traditional dry stone hut (known as "cuco" in the region) in the outskirts of Hoya Gonzalo (Albacete, Spain). "Cucos" (cuckoos) are traditional dry stone huts, usually made of more or less circular floor and dome formed by nearness of stone rows and located amidst the vast open fields of La Mancha, where they resemble telluric buildings born from the earth itself, whose original role was to serve as a refuge for shepherds and peasants to shelter from the harsh climate.
They historically follow a remote tradition probably established in Chalcolithic times, although the construction of those that we can see today on our fields is relatively recent, from the 18th to mid 20th Centuries. So they have a more etnographic value than historical. We decided to use a red light to create a touch of haunting mystery mood in the middle of the cold night :-)
Imagen protegida por Plaghunter / Image protected by Plaghunter
© Francisco García Ríos 2017- All Rights Reserved / Reservados todos los derechos.
El contenido de estas imágenes no puede ser copiado, distribuido ni publicado por ningún medio, bien sea electrónico o de cualquier otra naturaleza.
Su utilización en otras páginas web sin el consentimiento expreso del autor está PROHIBIDO y es sancionable por ley.
Cualquiera que quiera usar mis fotografías debe ponerse en contacto conmigo primero para acordar los términos de uso; así pues, para informarse acerca de copias, licencias, utlilización en blogs o cualquier otro uso, por favor, envíe un mensaje o correo electrónico (recesvintus(at)yahoo.es).
Gracias.
The content of these images cannot be copied,distributed or published for any media, electronic or otherwise.
The utilization in other web pages without the express written consent of the author is PROHIBITED and punishable by law.
Anyone wanting to use my photographs should contact me first to discuss the terms; so to enquire about prints, licensing, blogging and so on, please send an e-mail or message (recesvintus(at)yahoo.es).
Thank you.
For this montage, I've drawn a figure wearing woven textiles and recognisable elements including a brimmed hat. The site is in the north of Spain. Simple and functional clothing elements may have deeper chronologies than we imagine, with this depiction targeting the chalcolithic bridge period around the start of the bronze age and perhaps the hat featured is in a fine woven 'straw'. The viewer may prefer to visualise other details: skin tint, partial nudity and ornaments and I have made no attempt to be 'realistic', simply to set a scene.
The water heats up in a shallow pool before being transferred into a deeper pool for actions such as softening lengths for weaving. Evaporation will be reduced once in the deeper pool.
The figure has a pole with a rectangle of leather for directing and agitating the water. The red pigment is based on garance and fabrics are fine but heavy when compared with todays threads.
Visitors who have walked up the Ebro valley may greet their feet, acorns may soak to loose their bitter taste prior to grinding into flour, perfumes may be reduced and weaves dyed naturally. Heated river stones may be engaged if the sun is low.
AJM 12.01.20
Statue-menhir du Colombier, Euzet-les-Bains
Gard. From the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Nîmes
Chalcolithic, so from around 5,200 ybp. 41 x 38 x 16 cm.
Made by peoples recognized under the term Fontbouisse, so villages like Cambous and the region of the Gard and Herault in the scrib lands behind the the area where the Mediterranean turns towards the east.
A paper describing the find: