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Alhambra is a fortified palace complex in Granada. It was built between 1232-1273 and extended to the fourteenth century. Alhambra was say Moorish caliphs.
It consists of the palace with several courtyards and adorned rooms, Alkazaba (on right), Generalife - the summer residence with the gardens and the gardens located around hill (on left).
The Alhambra was the last point of support the Arabs in Spain. In 1492, in which it was taken, it was the seat of the emirs of Granada.
Alhambra was in 1984 inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
In the background, the snow-capped Sierra Nevada mountains with the highest peak, Mulhacén (3479 m)
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Alhambra to warowny zespół pałacowy w Grenadzie. Został zbudowany w latach 1232–1273 i rozbudowywany do XIV wieku. Alhambra była twierdzą mauretańskich kalifów.
Składa się z pałacu z kilkoma dziedzińcami i dekorowanymi salami, Alkazaby (po prawej stronie), Generalife – letniej rezydencji z ogrodami oraz z ogrodów znajdujących się na całym wzgórzu (po lewej).
Alhambra była ostatnim punktem oparcia Arabów w Hiszpanii. W roku 1492, w którym została zdobyta, była siedzibą emirów Grenady.
W głębi widoczne ośnieżone góry Sierra Nevada z najwyższym szczytem Mulhacén (3479 m)
Alhambra została w 1984 roku wpisana na listę światowego dziedzictwa kultury UNESCO.
Mosque "Gold Dome of the Rock". Moriah Hill is a place sacred to the three great monotheistic religions. Tradition identifies this place with a mountain of Moriah, where Abraham was to sacrifice of his son Isaac. King David bought the place, trying to build a temple to God. It does this by his son Solomon. In the year 587 BC the temple is destroyed by the Babylonian king Nabuchodozonor. Is then reconstructed to provide only the former glory of King Herod Great. In the year 70 AD, is destroyed by the soldiers of Titus so that "no stone left unturned." Western Wall is a remnant of this great building. After the Arab invasion in the seventh century, Caliph Abd al Malik raises great mosque, one of the most beautiful and important. According to Arab tradition, the Prophet Muhammad was taken away to heaven along with his horse.
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Wzgórze Moria jest miejscem świętym dla trzech wielkich religii monoteistycznych. Tradycja utożsamia to miejsce z górą Moria, gdzie Abraham miał złożyć ofiarę ze swojego syna Izaaka. Król Dawid wykupił to miejsce, chcąc wybudować Bogu świątynię. Dokonuje tego jego syn Salomon. W roku 587 p.n.e świątynia zostaje zniszczona przez króla babilońskiego Nabuchodozonora. Zostaje odbudowana, uzyskując dawną świetność, dopiero za króla Heroda Wielkiego. W roku 70 n.e zostaje zniszczona przez żołnierzy Tytusa tak, że "nie pozostał kamień na kamieniu". Mur Płaczu jest pozostałością zachodniej ściany tej wielkiej budowli. Po inwazji arabskiej w VII wieku, kalif Abd al Malik wznosi wspaniały meczet, jeden z najpiękniejszych i najważniejszych. Według arabskiej tradycji, Prorok Mahomet stąd został wzięty do nieba wraz ze swoim koniem.
We wnętrzu pod kopułą znajduje się skała na której Abraham składał w ofierze Bogu swojego syna.
Mosque "Gold Dome of the Rock". Moriah Hill is a place sacred to the three great monotheistic religions. Tradition identifies this place with a mountain of Moriah, where Abraham was to sacrifice of his son Isaac. King David bought the place, trying to build a temple to God. It does this by his son Solomon. In the year 587 BC the temple is destroyed by the Babylonian king Nabuchodozonor. Is then reconstructed to provide only the former glory of King Herod Great. In the year 70 AD, is destroyed by the soldiers of Titus so that "no stone left unturned." Western Wall is a remnant of this great building. After the Arab invasion in the seventh century, Caliph Abd al Malik raises great mosque, one of the most beautiful and important. According to Arab tradition, the Prophet Muhammad was taken away to heaven along with his horse.
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Meczet "Złota Kopuła Skały". Wzgórze Moria jest miejscem świętym dla trzech wielkich religii monoteistycznych. Tradycja utożsamia to miejsce z górą Moria, gdzie Abraham miał złożyć ofiarę ze swojego syna Izaaka. Król Dawid wykupił to miejsce, chcąc wybudować Bogu świątynię. Dokonuje tego jego syn Salomon. W roku 587 p.n.e świątynia zostaje zniszczona przez króla babilońskiego Nabuchodozonora. Zostaje potem odbudowana, uzyskując dawną świetność dopiero za króla Heroda Wielkiego. W roku 70 n.e zostaje zniszczona przez żołnierzy Tytusa tak, że "nie pozostał kamień na kamieniu". Mur Płaczu jest pozostałością zachodniej ściany tej wielkiej budowli. Po inwazji arabskiej w VII wieku, kalif Abd al Malik wznosi wspaniały meczet, jeden z najpiękniejszych i najważniejszych. Według arabskiej tradycji, Prorok Mahomet stąd został wzięty do nieba wraz ze swoim koniem. We wnętrzu pod kopułą znajduje się skała na której Abraham składał w ofierze Bogu swojego syna.
This building was the royal residence of the Christian monarchs and subsequently the site of the Courts of the Holy Offices, a civil prison, and finally a military prison. It is set among magnificent gardens, including the garden known as the Avenue of the Monarchs which features statues of all the monarchs who had connections with the palace-fortress. It was declared a Historical Monument in 1931. The building is also part of the area declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1994. Since 1986, its gardens have been protected by town planning laws. It stands on top of the remains of the former caliph's palace.
Harran Archaeological Site is located at Harran Township, 44 km to the south of Şanlıurfa Province. Located at the center of the plain, called with the same name, Harran is at the junction of the roads stretching from south – to north and from east – to west. Having been settled by numerous civilisations, i.e. Old Assyrians, New Assyrians, Hittites, New Babilonians, Meds, Persians, Helens, Romans, East Romans, Emevis, Abbasids, Hamdanis, Numeyris (1059), Seldjuks (1086), Zengis and Ayyubids (1182), Harran was destroyed by Mongolians in 1272, and their people and wealth were carried to Mosul and Mardin. Harran has become the capital city of New Assyrian Kingdom and Umayyad State along the history and is the central city of Diyar-I Mudar at Cezire region. It is indicated that Harran is named such because that it was built by “Haran”, uncle of Prophet Abraham. Harran means “road” in Chaldean language. [1]
The Grand Mosque of Harran is the oldest mosque built in Anatolia as a part of the Islamic architecture. Also known as the Paradise Mosque, this monument was built by the last Ummayad caliph Mervan II between the years 744–750. The entire plan of the mosque which has dimensions of 104×107 m, along with its entrances, was unearthed during the excavations led by Dr Nurettin Yardimer since 1983. The excavations are currently being carried out also outside the northern and western gates. The Grand Mosque, which has remained standing up until today, with its 33.30 m tall minaret, fountain, mihrab, and eastern wall, has gone through several restoration processes. [2]
Text Refs:
[1] muze.gov.tr/muze-detay?SectionId=HAR01&DistId=MRK
[2] Wikipedia
Alhambra is a fortified palace complex in Granada. It was built between 1232-1273 and extended to the fourteenth century. Alhambra was say Moorish caliphs.
It consists of the palace with several courtyards and adorned rooms, Alkazaba (on right), Generalife - the summer residence with the gardens and the gardens located around hill (on left).
The Alhambra was the last point of support the Arabs in Spain. In 1492, in which it was taken, it was the seat of the emirs of Granada.
Alhambra was in 1984 inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
In the background, the snow-capped Sierra Nevada mountains with the highest peak, Mulhacén (3479 m)
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Alhambra to warowny zespół pałacowy w Grenadzie. Został zbudowany w latach 1232–1273 i rozbudowywany do XIV wieku. Alhambra była twierdzą mauretańskich kalifów.
Składa się z pałacu z kilkoma dziedzińcami i dekorowanymi salami, Alkazaby (po prawej stronie), Generalife – letniej rezydencji z ogrodami oraz z ogrodów znajdujących się na całym wzgórzu (po lewej).
Alhambra była ostatnim punktem oparcia Arabów w Hiszpanii. W roku 1492, w którym została zdobyta, była siedzibą emirów Grenady.
W głębi widoczne ośnieżone góry Sierra Nevada z najwyższym szczytem Mulhacén (3479 m)
Alhambra została w 1984 roku wpisana na listę światowego dziedzictwa kultury UNESCO.
Listening to Crosby Stills and Nash this morning and remembering a 2004 visit to Morocco. Didn’t make it to Marrakesh in the 60’s; babies, diapers, and doctor visits got in the way… so I decided to go for my 60th : )
More than You Ever Wanted to Know:
In the late 60’s, Morocco was fast becoming an essential stop-off point on the new hippie trail. It was a place frequented by seekers of all stripes; from travelers to artists, writers, and rock stars.
They were all drawn by the exotica of this storied corner of North Africa, whose heady promise of spiritual enlightenment and hashish served to melt away the conventions of the West.
In 1966, Graham Nash made a pilgrimage of his own, one that sparked off one of his most famous songs. On holiday from his day job as leader of The Hollies, Nash bought himself a ticket and hopped aboard a train from Casablanca to Marrakesh.
"Marrakesh Express" was written and composed by Nash during his final years as a member of the English rock band The Hollies, of which he was a member from its formation in 1962 till 1968. The band rejected the song as not commercial enough, but it found a home with Nash's new band Crosby, Stills and Nash.
Morocco Information:
The country is utterly amazing with many historical sites, Hassan Tower being one of those sites.
Hassan Tower is the minaret of an incomplete mosque in Rabat, Morocco.
It was commissioned by Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, the third Caliph of the Almohad Caliphate, near the end of the 12th century.
The tower was intended to be the largest minaret in the world, and the mosque, when completed, would have been the largest in the western Muslim world.
When al-Mansur died in 1199, construction on the mosque stopped. The minaret was left standing at a height of 44 meters. The rest of the mosque was also left incomplete, with only the beginnings of several walls and 348 columns being constructed.
The tower, along with the remains of the mosque and the modern Mausoleum of Mohammed V, forms an important historical complex in Rabat. It contains the tombs of the Moroccan king Mohammed V and his two sons, late King Hassan II and Prince Abdallah.
- Wikipedia
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Khast Imam (or Hast Imam) is a complex of buildings in Tashkent, consisting of several mosques, islamic schools (madrassa), such as Barak-Khan, Tilla Sheikh Mosque and the Hazrat Imam mosque. The Islamic Institute of Imam al-Bukhari, where future preachers are taught is also at this complex. The Muyi Muborak Madrasah contains the Uthman Qur'an (Samarkand codex), considered to be the oldest existing Quran in the world. Dating from 655 and stained with the blood of the murdered caliph, Uthman, it was brought by Timur to Samarkand, seized by the Russians as a war trophy and taken to Saint Petersburg. It was returned to Uzbekistan in 1924.
Submitted: 28/02/2019
Accepted: 01/03/2019
Puerta del Puente, también conocida popularmente como el Arco del Triunfo, construida sobre la antigua puerta musulmana en honor a Felipe II
Hazrat Imam Complex is popularly known as Hast-Imam located in an old residential district of Tashkent, Sibzar. The complex of historical and architectural monuments formed around Mazar Kaffallya ash-Shashi - the first Imam and preacher of Islam in Tashkent, also he was the famous theologian and linguist, after whom the complex was named "Hazrat Imam".
The library of spiritual control is stored more than thirty thousand books; there are two thousand rarities among them. The Holy book – Koran of the Rashidun Caliph Uthman is the special value for believers.
The present photo has been taken from the gates of Barak Khan Madarsa. The left structure is the Juma Masjid while the smaller structure on right is the Library having the Holy Uthman Koran.
Urbnisi (Georgian: ურბნისი) is a village in Georgia’s Shida Kartli region, in the district of Kareli.
Situated on the Mtkvari river, it was an important city in ancient and early medieval Iberia as Georgia was known to the Greeks and Romans. Archaeological studies have demonstrated that the place was inhabited in the 3rd millennium BC. The settlement grew larger and, in the 4th century BC became a city with thriving commerce and culture. Ruins of a fortress, rich baths, pagan sanctuaries and even a Jewish temple suggest the importance of the city. Burned structures and round catapult stones indicate the city may have been under a siege and subsequently sacked in c. 3rd century BC. The new era in Urbnisi’s life began with the conversion of Iberia to Christianity. It now became a major center of Georgian Orthodox culture. From the 6th to 7th centuries, a strong system of fortifications was erected around the city that did not prevent, however, the Arab commander Marwan (caliph from 744 to 750) from capturing the city in the 730s. Following the invasion, it declined to a small village. However, the Urbnisi cathedral of St. Stephen continued to function as a center of a Georgian Orthodox diocese.
The cathedral is a 6th-7th-century three-nave basilica which was rebuilt twice in the 10th and 17th centuries. Quite a simple and large church, it is based on twelve strong pillars for three naves. There are many inscriptions on the walls of the cathedral which are thought to be the examples of the 5th-6th-century Georgian alphabet.
Near the village is an 8th-9th-century domed church, Ruisi cathedral, which serves as a center of the Urbnisi-Ruisi eparchy of the Georgian Orthodox Church.
Both Urbnisi Monastery and the Ruisi Cathedral are known for a major ecclesiastic council convened here in 1103-1104 by the Georgian king David the Builder to cope with problems within the church hierarchy.
Castillo de Gormaz, Gormaz, Soria, Castilla y León, España.
El castillo de Gormaz es una fortaleza de origen andalusí situada junto al municipio homónimo (Soria, España). A pesar de que parece construida sobre una fortaleza anterior, la estructura actual fue realizada durante el Califato de Córdoba, específicamente por el califa al-Hakam II, quien ordenó al general Gálib su ampliación, tarea que se emprendió entre los años 965-66. Según algunos historiadores como Roger Collins, fue la fortaleza más grande de Europa en aquella época.
El castillo consta de dos partes diferenciadas y separadas por un foso. Al este se encuentra el alcázar, la torre del homenaje, la "torre de Almanzor", el aljibe y los aposentos califales. En la parte oeste se encuentra una alberca para dar de beber a los animales y una gran explanada donde acampaban las tropas. Cuenta con una gran puerta que denota su origen islámico, la Puerta Califal. En la cara oeste de la muralla hay tres estelas, una de origen romano y otra claramente islámica, que se colocaron allí para espantar los malos espíritus.
El castillo de Gormaz llegó a ser la fortaleza europea más grande de su época: con un perímetro amurallado de 1200 m, 446 m de largo, 28 torres y una forma muy alargada en dirección este-oeste.
The castle of Gormaz is a fortress of Andalusian origin located next to the homonymous municipality (Soria, Spain). Although it appears to have been built on a previous fortress, the current structure was built during the Caliphate of Córdoba, specifically by Caliph al-Hakam II, who ordered General Gálib to expand it, a task that was undertaken between the years 965-66. According to some historians such as Roger Collins, it was the largest fortress in Europe at that time.
The castle consists of two different parts and separated by a moat. To the east is the fortress, the keep, the "tower of Almanzor", the cistern and the caliphal chambers. In the western part there is a pool to water the animals and a large esplanade where the troops camped. It has a large gate that denotes its Islamic origin, the Califal Gate. On the west face of the wall there are three stelae, one of Roman origin and the other clearly Islamic, which were placed there to scare away evil spirits.
Gormaz Castle became the largest European fortress of its time: with a walled perimeter of 1,200 m, 446 m long, 28 towers and a very elongated shape in an east-west direction.
Imagen en perspectiva de la fuente del jardín y el edificio del Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos en Cordoba
A young boy with his bicycle in front of Chor Minor, city of Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Bukhara, which is situated on the Silk Route, is more than 2,000 years old. It is the most complete example of a medieval city in Central Asia, with an urban fabric that has remained largely intact.
Chor-minor, (four minarets), is a name of unusual Madrassah of Caliph Niyazkul, built in 1807.
Das historische Jeddah (UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe) zeigt noch die traditionelle Architektur, die einst in Städten an beiden Küsten des Roten Meeres üblich war und von der ausserhalb Saudi-Arabiens nur noch wenige Überreste erhalten sind. Der Stil zeichnet sich durch die imposanten Turmhäuser aus, die mit grossen hölzernen Roshan-Fenstererkern (Maschrabbiya) verziert sind und im späten 19. Jahrhundert von den Handelseliten der Stadt gebaut wurden, sowie durch niedrigere Korallensteinhäuser, Moscheen, Ribat-s, Suqs und kleine öffentliche Plätze, die zusammen einen lebendigen Raum bilden. Seit der 3. Kalif Othman ibn Affan Jeddah im 7. Jahrhundert n. Chr. zum offiziellen Hafen von Mekka machte, galt dieses für muslimische Pilger als « Tor nach Mekka » (Quelle: whc.unesco.org).
Historic Jeddah (UNESCO world heritage site) is an outstanding reflection of the Red sea architectural tradition, a construction style once common to cities on both coasts of the Red sea, of which only scant vestiges are preserved outside the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the nominated property. The style is characterized by the imposing tower houses decorated by large wooden Roshan (mashrabiya) built in the late 19th century by the city`s mercantile elites, and also by lower coral stone houses, mosques, ribat-s, suqs and small public squares that together compose a vibrant space. Historic Jeddah had a symbolic role as a gate to Makkah for Muslim pilgrims since the 7th century AH when the 3rd Caliph Othman ibn Affan made it the official port of Makkah (source: whc.unesco.org).
Mosque "Gold Dome of the Rock". Moriah Hill is a place sacred to the three great monotheistic religions. Tradition identifies this place with a mountain of Moriah, where Abraham was to sacrifice of his son Isaac. King David bought the place, trying to build a temple to God. It does this by his son Solomon. In the year 587 BC the temple is destroyed by the Babylonian king Nabuchodozonor. Is then reconstructed to provide only the former glory of King Herod Great. In the year 70 AD, is destroyed by the soldiers of Titus so that "no stone left unturned." Western Wall is a remnant of this great building. After the Arab invasion in the seventh century, Caliph Abd al Malik raises great mosque, one of the most beautiful and important. According to Arab tradition, the Prophet Muhammad was taken away to heaven along with his horse.
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Meczet "Złota Kopuła Skały". Wzgórze Moria jest miejscem świętym dla trzech wielkich religii monoteistycznych. Tradycja utożsamia to miejsce z górą Moria, gdzie Abraham miał złożyć ofiarę ze swojego syna Izaaka. Król Dawid wykupił to miejsce, chcąc wybudować Bogu świątynię. Dokonuje tego jego syn Salomon. W roku 587 p.n.e świątynia zostaje zniszczona przez króla babilońskiego Nabuchodozonora. Zostaje potem odbudowana, uzyskując dawną świetność dopiero za króla Heroda Wielkiego. W roku 70 n.e zostaje zniszczona przez żołnierzy Tytusa tak, że "nie pozostał kamień na kamieniu". Mur Płaczu jest pozostałością zachodniej ściany tej wielkiej budowli. Po inwazji arabskiej w VII wieku, kalif Abd al Malik wznosi wspaniały meczet, jeden z najpiękniejszych i najważniejszych. Według arabskiej tradycji, Prorok Mahomet stąd został wzięty do nieba wraz ze swoim koniem. We wnętrzu pod kopułą znajduje się skała na której Abraham składał w ofierze Bogu swojego syna.
Marrakesh, Morocco
The mosque was founded in 1147 by the Almohad caliph Abd al-Mu'min right after he conquered Marrakesh from the Almoravids. A second version of the mosque was entirely rebuilt by Abd al-Mu'min around 1158, with Ya'qub al-Mansur possibly finalizing construction of the minaret around 1195. This second mosque is the structure that stands today. It is considered a classic and important example of Almohad architecture and of Moroccan mosque architecture generally. The minaret tower, 77 metres (253 ft) in height, is decorated with varying geometric arch motifs and topped by a spire and metal orbs. It likely inspired other buildings such as the Giralda of Seville and the Hassan Tower of Rabat, which were built shortly after in the same era. The minaret is also considered an important landmark and symbol of Marrakesh.
—from Wikipedia
Das historische Jeddah (UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe) zeigt noch die traditionelle Architektur, die einst in Städten an beiden Küsten des Roten Meeres üblich war und von der ausserhalb Saudi-Arabiens nur noch wenige Überreste erhalten sind. Der Stil zeichnet sich durch die imposanten Turmhäuser aus, die mit grossen hölzernen Roshan-Fenstererkern (Maschrabbiya) verziert sind und im späten 19. Jahrhundert von den Handelseliten der Stadt gebaut wurden, sowie durch niedrigere Korallensteinhäuser, Moscheen, Ribat-s, Suqs und kleine öffentliche Plätze, die zusammen einen lebendigen Raum bilden. Seit der 3. Kalif Othman ibn Affan Jeddah im 7. Jahrhundert n. Chr. zum offiziellen Hafen von Mekka machte, galt dieses für muslimische Pilger als « Tor nach Mekka » (Quelle: whc.unesco.org).
Historic Jeddah (UNESCO world heritage site) is an outstanding reflection of the Red sea architectural tradition, a construction style once common to cities on both coasts of the Red sea, of which only scant vestiges are preserved outside the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the nominated property. The style is characterized by the imposing tower houses decorated by large wooden Roshan (mashrabiya) built in the late 19th century by the city`s mercantile elites, and also by lower coral stone houses, mosques, ribat-s, suqs and small public squares that together compose a vibrant space. Historic Jeddah had a symbolic role as a gate to Makkah for Muslim pilgrims since the 7th century AH when the 3rd Caliph Othman ibn Affan made it the official port of Makkah (source: whc.unesco.org).
* I have good memories of visiting both Marrakesh and Fes. I preferred Fes though of all the wonderful buildings we saw on the trip the Koutoubia Mosque stands out as the most impressive
The Koutoubia Mosque is the largest mosque in Marrakesh . It is located in the southwest medina quarter of the city, near the Jemaa el-Fnaa market place, and is flanked by large gardens.
The mosque was founded in 1147 by the Almohad caliph Abd al-Mu'min right after he conquered Marrakesh from the Almoravids. A second version of the mosque was entirely rebuilt by Abd al-Mu'min around 1158.
This second mosque is the structure that stands today. It is an important example of Almohad architecture and of Moroccan mosque architecture generally. The minaret tower, 253 ft in height, is decorated with varying geometric arch motifs and topped by a spire and metal orbs. It likely inspired other buildings such as the Giralda of Seville and the Hassan Tower of Rabat, which were built shortly after in the same era.
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Szalla, (Chellah) is a vast complex of ancient and medieval ruins in the suburb of Rabat, whose first settlers were probably the Phoenicians. In 1154, however, the city was abandoned.
In the following centuries, there was a royal necropolis on the site of the abandoned settlement, where the rulers had been buried since the Almohad dynasty. Most of the monuments date back to the sultan Abu al-Hassan (1331-1351), who brought up the walls and the magnificent main gate. There is a well preserved minaret of the 13th century mosque built by Caliph Abu Yusuf.
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Szalla, (Chellah) to rozległy kompleks starożytnych i średniowiecznych ruin na przedmieściach Rabatu, którego pierwszymi osadnikami byli prawdopodobnie Fenicjanie. W 1154 roku miasto zostało jednak opuszczone.
W kolejnych wiekach na miejscu opuszczonej osady istniała królewska nekropola, gdzie chowano władców począwszy od czasów dynastii Almohadów. Najwięcej zabytków pochodzi z czasów sułtana Abu al-Hassana (1331-1351), który wzniósł tu mury i okazałą główną bramę. Na terenie kompleksu znajduje się dobrze zachowany minaret dawnego meczetu z XIII wieku wzniesionego przez kalifa Abu Jusufa.
Rello, Soria, Castilla y León, España.
Rello es una localidad y también un municipio de la provincia de Soria, comunidad autónoma de Castilla y León, España. Pueblo de la Comunidad de Villa y Tierra de Berlanga.
Tras la Reconquista perteneció a la Comunidad de Villa y Tierra de Berlanga hasta el siglo xv en que alcanzó el título de villa dentro del Señorío del Conde de Coruña. A la caída del Antiguo Régimen, la localidad se constituyó en municipio constitucional en la región de Castilla la Vieja, partido de Almazán, que en el censo de 1842 contaba con 58 hogares y 230 vecinos.
Rello es una villa medieval amurallada, con castillo en uno de sus extremos y todo el caserío encerrado en lo alto de un risco de piedra caliza. En el término encontramos también una atalaya califal con inusual forma troncocónica, llamada Torre del Tiñón, a medio camino de Bordecorex, en la cual legendariamente se sitúa la muerte del caudillo Almanzor, que se retiraba malherido a Medinaceli.
Fue declarado Bien de Interés Cultural en la categoría de Conjunto Histórico el 8 de noviembre de 2001. El castillo figura en el catálogo de Bienes Protegidos de la Junta de Castilla y León en la categoría de Castillo con fecha de declaración 22 de abril de 1949.
Rello is a town and also a municipality in the province of Soria, autonomous community of Castilla y León, Spain. Village of the Community of Villa and Tierra de Berlanga.
After the Reconquest, it belonged to the Community of Villa y Tierra de Berlanga until the 15th century, when it reached the title of villa within the Lordship of the Count of Coruña. At the fall of the Old Regime, the town became a constitutional municipality in the region of Castilla la Vieja, Almazán district, which in the 1842 census had 58 households and 230 neighbors.
Rello is a medieval walled town, with a castle at one end and the entire farmhouse enclosed on top of a limestone cliff. In the municipality we also find a caliphal watchtower with an unusual frustoconical shape, called Torre del Tiñón, halfway to Bordecorex, in which the death of the caudillo Almanzor, who retired badly wounded to Medinaceli, is legendary.
It was declared an Asset of Cultural Interest in the category of Historical Complex on November 8, 2001. The castle appears in the catalog of Protected Assets of the Junta de Castilla y León in the category of Castle with the declaration date April 22, 1949 .
Castillo de Gormaz, Gormaz, Soria, Castilla y León, España.
El castillo de Gormaz es una fortaleza de origen andalusí situada junto al municipio homónimo (Soria, España). A pesar de que parece construida sobre una fortaleza anterior, la estructura actual fue realizada durante el Califato de Córdoba, específicamente por el califa al-Hakam II, quien ordenó al general Gálib su ampliación, tarea que se emprendió entre los años 965-66. Según algunos historiadores como Roger Collins, fue la fortaleza más grande de Europa en aquella época.
El castillo consta de dos partes diferenciadas y separadas por un foso. Al este se encuentra el alcázar, la torre del homenaje, la "torre de Almanzor", el aljibe y los aposentos califales. En la parte oeste se encuentra una alberca para dar de beber a los animales y una gran explanada donde acampaban las tropas. Cuenta con una gran puerta que denota su origen islámico, la Puerta Califal. En la cara oeste de la muralla hay tres estelas, una de origen romano y otra claramente islámica, que se colocaron allí para espantar los malos espíritus.
El castillo de Gormaz llegó a ser la fortaleza europea más grande de su época: con un perímetro amurallado de 1200 m, 446 m de largo, 28 torres y una forma muy alargada en dirección este-oeste.
The castle of Gormaz is a fortress of Andalusian origin located next to the homonymous municipality (Soria, Spain). Although it appears to have been built on a previous fortress, the current structure was built during the Caliphate of Córdoba, specifically by Caliph al-Hakam II, who ordered General Gálib to expand it, a task that was undertaken between the years 965-66. According to some historians such as Roger Collins, it was the largest fortress in Europe at that time.
The castle consists of two different parts and separated by a moat. To the east is the fortress, the keep, the "tower of Almanzor", the cistern and the caliphal chambers. In the western part there is a pool to water the animals and a large esplanade where the troops camped. It has a large gate that denotes its Islamic origin, the Califal Gate. On the west face of the wall there are three stelae, one of Roman origin and the other clearly Islamic, which were placed there to scare away evil spirits.
Gormaz Castle became the largest European fortress of its time: with a walled perimeter of 1,200 m, 446 m long, 28 towers and a very elongated shape in an east-west direction.
Maschhad wurde um das Jahr 823 gegründet. Der Name (arabisch „Ort des Märtyrers“) entstand, weil dort das Grabmal des achten schiitischen Imams Ali ibn Musā ar-Rezā liegt, der dort der schiitischen Überlieferung zufolge auf Geheiss des Kalifen al-Ma'mūn vergiftet wurde. Davor war die Stadt ein eher unbedeutendes Dorf mit dem Namen Sanābād, das sich nach dem Tod des Imams zu einer wichtigen Wallfahrtsstätte entwickelte. Ein Heiligtum zu Ehren des Imams wurde errichtet, das heute eine der reichhaltigsten Sammlungen von Kunst- und Kulturgütern des Iran beherbergt. Verschiedene theologische Schulen des schiitischen Islam nahmen von hier ihren Ausgang (Wikipedia).
Almost everything about Mashhad relates to its role as the holiest city in Iran, even its name (literally: burial place of the martyr). Mashhad started life out as Sanabad, a village pitstop for trade caravans headed towards Turkmenistan. But in the ninth century, the eighth Shi'ite Imam Ali Bin Moosa Al Reza, the great grand son of Imam Ali who was the cousin & son in law of Prophet Mohammad was poisoned by the caliph of the time. Imam Reza was buried in Mashhad, and his shrine became one of the holiest sites to the shi'ite muslims after the Holy Kaaba in Saudi Arabia and Karbala in Iraq (wikitravel).
Szalla, (Chellah) is a vast complex of ancient and medieval ruins in the suburb of Rabat, whose first settlers were probably the Phoenicians. In 1154, however, the city was abandoned.
In the following centuries, there was a royal necropolis on the site of the abandoned settlement, where the rulers had been buried since the Almohad dynasty. Most of the monuments date back to the sultan Abu al-Hassan (1331-1351), who brought up the walls and the magnificent main gate. There is a well preserved minaret of the 13th century mosque built by Caliph Abu Yusuf.
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Szalla, (Chellah) to rozległy kompleks starożytnych i średniowiecznych ruin na przedmieściach Rabatu, którego pierwszymi osadnikami byli prawdopodobnie Fenicjanie. W 1154 roku miasto zostało jednak opuszczone.
W kolejnych wiekach na miejscu opuszczonej osady istniała królewska nekropola, gdzie chowano władców począwszy od czasów dynastii Almohadów. Najwięcej zabytków pochodzi z czasów sułtana Abu al-Hassana (1331-1351), który wzniósł tu mury i okazałą główną bramę. Na terenie kompleksu znajduje się dobrze zachowany minaret dawnego meczetu z XIII wieku wzniesionego przez kalifa Abu Jusufa.
Madinat al-Zahra or Medina Azahara was a fortified palace-city on the western outskirts of Córdoba in present-day Spain. Its remains are a major archaeological site today. The city was built in the 10th century by Abd ar-Rahman III, a member of the Umayyad dynasty and the first caliph of Al-Andalus. It served as the capital of the Caliphate of Córdoba and its center of government.
The main reason for its construction was politico-ideological: Abd ar-Rahman III had declared himself "caliph" in 929 and the dignity of this new title required the establishment of a new city, a symbol of his power, imitating other eastern Caliphates. It sought to demonstrate his superiority over his great rivals, the Fatimid Caliphs of Ifriqiya in North Africa and the Abbasid Caliphs in Baghdad. The city was built near Córdoba, the existing capital of al-Andalus under Umayyad rule. Construction began in 936–940 and continued in multiple phases throughout his reign and the reign of his son, Al-Hakam II. The new city included ceremonial reception halls, a congregational mosque, administrative and government offices, aristocratic residences, gardens, a mint, workshops, barracks, service quarters, and baths. Water was supplied through aqueducts. After al-Hakam II's death, however, the city ceased to act as the center of government under the rule of Ibn Abi Amir al-Mansur. Between 1010 and 1013 it was sacked during a civil war and thereafter abandoned, with many of its materials re-used elsewhere.
The ruins of the city were excavated starting in 1911. Only about 10 hectares of the 112 hectares of the city have been excavated and partially restored, but this area includes the main palaces. A dedicated archeological museum, located on the edge of the site, was opened in 2009. On July 1, 2018, the site was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site with the inscription name "Caliphate City of Medina Azahara".
From Wikipedia: Here (on the Temple Mount) King Solomon built the First Temple almost 3,000 years ago. It was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE, but, 70 years later, Jews returning from exile built the Second Temple on the same site. King Herod began remodeling the building in 19 BCE, but it was not completed until 63 CE, long after his death at the beginning of the century.
In reaction to the “Great Revolt” in 70 CE, the temple was destroyed by the Romans and deliberately left in ruins. When the Romans razed the Temple, they left one outer wall standing. They probably would have destroyed that wall as well, but it must have seemed too insignificant to them since it was not part of the Temple itself, just a retaining wall surrounding the Temple Mount.
After the suppression of the revolt, Jews were allowed to pray on the ruins and to bring sacrifices on the alter that remained after the temple was burned down. Emperor Hadrian later gave Jews permission to rebuild the temple but changed his mind. After the Bar-Kokhba rebellion, Hadrian barred Jews from the area and they prayed instead on the Mount of Olives that overlooked the Temple Mount.
There is some evidence the Byzantines may have built a church on the Temple Mount at one point but the prohibition on Jews praying there remained under Emperor Constantine, who allowed them access only on Tisha B’Av. When his nephew Julian became emperor in 361, Jews were again allowed to visit the Temple Mount and were even given permission to rebuild the temple. When Julian died two years later, however, his successor canceled the project and Christian opposition to a Jewish presence continued throughout the Byzantine period.
At various times Jews may have been allowed to pray on the Temple Mount but, wherever they lived, Jews would pray three times a day in the direction of the Temple Mount for the temple’s restoration.
Following the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in May 638, which Jews supported, Caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab ordered the clearing of the site and the building of a house of prayer. The Temple Mount was again opened to Jewish worshippers.
In 680, the Muslims built the Dome of the Rock to enshrine the outcrop of bedrock believed to be the place of the sacrifice on Mount Moriah. Nadav Shragai quotes Professor Dan Bahat who found “‘it was the Jewish elders who showed the Muslims the boundaries of the Foundation Stone,’ which was covered with garbage and sewage – boundaries from which the Muslims derived the dimensions of the Dome of the Rock, which was built above the ancient Rock.”
Arabic QUBBAT AS-SAKHRAH, also erroneously referred to as the MOSQUE OF OMAR, this shrine in Jerusalem is the oldest extant Islamic monument. The rock over which the shrine was built is sacred to both Muslims and Jews. The Prophet Muhammad, founder of Islam, is traditionally believed to have ascended into heaven from the site. In Jewish tradition, it is here that Abraham, the progenitor and first patriarch of the Hebrew people, is said to have prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac. The Dome and Al-Aqsa Mosque are both located on the Temple Mount, the site of Solomon's Temple and its successors.
The Dome of the Rock was built between AD 685 and 691 by the caliph 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, not as a mosque for public worship but rather as a mashhad, a shrine for pilgrims. It is virtually the first monumental building in Islamic history and is of considerable aesthetic and architectural importance; it is rich with mosaic, faience, and marble, much of which was added several centuries after its completion. Basically octagonal, the Dome of the Rock is more typically Roman or Byzantine than Islamic. A wooden dome--approximately 60 feet (18 m) in diameter and mounted on an elevated drum--rises above a circle of 16 piers and columns. Surrounding this circle is an octagonal arcade of 24 piers and columns. The outer walls repeat this octagon, each of the eight sides being approximately 60 feet (18 m) wide and 36 feet (11 m) high. Both the dome and the exterior walls contain many windows.
Christians and Muslims in the European Middle Ages believed the Dome itself to be the Temple of Solomon (Templum Domini). The Knights Templars were quartered there in the Crusades, and Templar churches in Europe imitated its plan.
Alhambra (Arabic: "red tower") - a fortified palace complex in Granada. Built in the years 1232-1273 and expanded to the fourteenth century. It is the fortress of the Moorish caliphs. Yusuf I and Muhammad V.
Alhambra, a monument of Arab construction in Europe, it consists of a palace with several courtyards and decorated rooms and Alkazaba. Next to the palace is Generalife - a summer residence with gardens. The Alhambra was the last point of Arab support in Spain until 1492.
The Alhambra Fortress was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1984.
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Alhambra (arab. "czerwona wieża") – warowny zespół pałacowy w Grenadzie. Zbudowany w latach 1232–1273 i rozbudowywany do XIV wieku. Jej rozbudowa trwała za panowania emirów z dynastii Nasrydów – Jusufa I i Muhammada V. Alhambra była twierdzą mauretańskich kalifów.
Twierdza Alhambra została w 1984 roku wpisana na listę światowego dziedzictwa kultury UNESCO.
Zabytek arabskiego budownictwa w Europie. Składa się z pałacu z kilkoma dziedzińcami i dekorowanymi salami oraz Alkazaby. Obok pałacu znajduje się Generalife – letnia rezydencja z ogrodami. Alhambra była do roku 1492 ostatnim punktem oparcia Arabów w Hiszpanii.
I've seen this TurboS before, but never at night. The lighting was usable so I tried and liked how it came out.
The Alcázar de Toledo, one of the most important landmarks in Toledo, and in whole Spain, illuminated at evening twilight as seen from el Parador de Toledo, in front of the city.
The Alcázar of Toledo (Spanish: Alcázar de Toledo, IPA: [alˈkaθaɾ ðe toˈleðo]) is a stone fortification located in the highest part of Toledo, Spain. It is a large quadrangular building measuring 60 meters on a side, framed by four large towers 60 meters high, each crowned by the typical Madrid spire. Most of the building was rebuilt between 1939 and 1957 after the siege of the Alcázar during the Spanish Civil War.
Once used as a Roman palace in the 3rd century, it was turned into a fortress in the 10th century during the reign of Cordoba Caliph Abd ar-Rahman III. It was restored under Charles I (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) and his son Philip II of Spain in the 1540s. In 1521, Hernán Cortés was received by Charles I at the Alcázar, following Cortes' conquest of the Aztecs. The name is from Arabic al-qasr 'the castle' (ultimately, from Latin 'castrum').
(From Wikipedia)
Press "L or Z" to enlarge the picture.
Happy Friday!
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Alcázar de Toledo al anochecer, Toledo, España
El Alcázar de Toledo, uno de los monumentos más importantes de Toledo y de toda España, iluminado al atardecer, visto desde el Parador de Toledo, frente a la ciudad.
El Alcázar de Toledo o Real Alcázar de Toledo es una fortificación de carácter civil y militar, ubicada en una de las partes más altas de la ciudad española de Toledo. Se trata de una gran edificación de forma cuadrangular de 60 metros de lado, enmarcada con cuatro grandes torres de 60 metros de altura, cada una coronada por el típico chapitel madrileño de pizarra. Su privilegiada situación ha hecho de él un lugar de gran valor estratégico y así lo intuyeron los diversos pueblos que se asentaron en él. Su nombre se debe a uno de esos dominadores: los árabes, que fueron los que lo llamaron «Al Qasar» القصر, que significa «fortaleza».
Utilizado como palacio romano en el siglo iii, fue restaurado bajo el reinado de Carlos I y su hijo Felipe II en la década de 1540. En julio de 1528, Hernán Cortés fue recibido por Carlos I en el alcázar, tras la conquista del Imperio azteca. La mayor parte del alcázar fue reconstruida o restaurada entre 1939 y 1957 después del asedio del Alcázar en la guerra civil española.
Actualmente el Alcázar de Toledo es sede del Museo del Ejército y de la Biblioteca de Castilla-La Mancha. Está protegido como Bien de Interés Cultural.
(Información de Wikipedia)
Pulsa "L o Z" si deseas ampliar la foto.
¡Feliz viernes!
Castillo de Gormaz, Gormaz, Soria, Castilla y León, España.
El castillo de Gormaz es una fortaleza de origen andalusí situada junto al municipio homónimo (Soria, España). A pesar de que parece construida sobre una fortaleza anterior, la estructura actual fue realizada durante el Califato de Córdoba, específicamente por el califa al-Hakam II, quien ordenó al general Gálib su ampliación, tarea que se emprendió entre los años 965-66. Según algunos historiadores como Roger Collins, fue la fortaleza más grande de Europa en aquella época.
El castillo consta de dos partes diferenciadas y separadas por un foso. Al este se encuentra el alcázar, la torre del homenaje, la "torre de Almanzor", el aljibe y los aposentos califales. En la parte oeste se encuentra una alberca para dar de beber a los animales y una gran explanada donde acampaban las tropas. Cuenta con una gran puerta que denota su origen islámico, la Puerta Califal. En la cara oeste de la muralla hay tres estelas, una de origen romano y otra claramente islámica, que se colocaron allí para espantar los malos espíritus.
El castillo de Gormaz llegó a ser la fortaleza europea más grande de su época: con un perímetro amurallado de 1200 m, 446 m de largo, 28 torres y una forma muy alargada en dirección este-oeste.
The castle of Gormaz is a fortress of Andalusian origin located next to the homonymous municipality (Soria, Spain). Although it appears to have been built on a previous fortress, the current structure was built during the Caliphate of Córdoba, specifically by Caliph al-Hakam II, who ordered General Gálib to expand it, a task that was undertaken between the years 965-66. According to some historians such as Roger Collins, it was the largest fortress in Europe at that time.
The castle consists of two different parts and separated by a moat. To the east is the fortress, the keep, the "tower of Almanzor", the cistern and the caliphal chambers. In the western part there is a pool to water the animals and a large esplanade where the troops camped. It has a large gate that denotes its Islamic origin, the Califal Gate. On the west face of the wall there are three stelae, one of Roman origin and the other clearly Islamic, which were placed there to scare away evil spirits.
Gormaz Castle became the largest European fortress of its time: with a walled perimeter of 1,200 m, 446 m long, 28 towers and a very elongated shape in an east-west direction.
Sepulcros de Alfonso VIII de Castilla y de su esposa Leonor de Inglaterra, fundadores del Monasterio de las Huelgas en el año 1187.
Alfonso VIII fue rey de Castilla entre 1158 y 1214. Por parte de padre era descendiente de los reyes de Castilla y de León de la Casa de Borgoña y de los Condes de Barcelona, y por parte de madre, de los reyes de Pamplona y de Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, El Cid Campeador.
Alfonso VIII fue el fundador en 1212 del Studium Generale de Palencia, considerada la primera universidad de España, el cual, posteriormente, fue trasladado a Salamanca, suponiendo la base de su famosa universidad. Por otra parte, su corte se convirtió en un importante instrumento cultural que acogió a trovadores y a sabios, especialmente por influjo de su esposa Leonor.
Alfonso se enfrentó al califa almohade Muhámmad an-Násir (llamado en las crónicas Miramamolín, que quiere decir Comendador de los creyentes) en la famosa batalla de las Navas de Tolosa, librada el 16 de julio de 1212 en la Provincia de Jaén, seguida inmediatamente por el asedio y batalla de Úbeda, que abrió definitivamente el valle del Guadalquivir y la Andalucía occidental al reino de Castilla. Un año más tarde, lograba lo propio en la plaza de Alcaraz, consolidando el poder castellano en toda la submeseta sur.
El rey se casó en septiembre de 1170 con Leonor Plantagenet, hija de Enrique II de Inglaterra y de Leonor de Aquitania. El matrimonio se efectuó cuando los contrayentes tenían 14 y 10 años, respectivamente. La influencia política y cultural de la reina fue notable.
Leonor falleció el 31 de octubre de 1214, pocos días después de la muerte del rey Alfonso VIII acaecida el 6 de octubre del mismo año. Fue regente de Castilla durante esos veinticuatro días.
Tombs of Alfonso VIII of Castile and his wife Eleanor of England, founders of the Monastery of las Huelgas in the year 1187.
Alfonso VIII was king of Castile between 1158 and 1214. On his father's side he was descended from the kings of Castile and León of the House of Burgundy and the Counts of Barcelona, and on his mother's side, from the kings of Pamplona and Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, El Cid Campeador.
Alfonso VIII was the founder in 1212 of the Studium Generale of Palencia, considered the first university in Spain, which was later moved to Salamanca, forming the basis of its famous university. On the other hand, his court became an important cultural instrument that welcomed troubadours and scholars, especially under the influence of his wife Leonor.
Alfonso faced the Almohad caliph Muhammad an-Násir (called in the chronicles Miramamolín, which means Commander of the believers) in the famous battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, on July 16, 1212 in the province of Jaén, immediately followed by the siege and battle of Úbeda, which definitively opened the Guadalquivir valley and western Andalusia to the kingdom of Castile. A year later, he achieved the same in the Plaza de Alcaraz, consolidating Castilian power throughout the southern sub-plateau.
The king married Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine, in September 1170. The marriage took place when the couple were 14 and 10 years old, respectively. The political and cultural influence of the queen was notable.
Eleanor died on October 31, 1214, a few days after the death of King Alfonso VIII on October 6 of the same year. She was regent of Castile during those twenty-four days.
Fresco ejecutado por Jerónimo y Pedro Ruiz de Camargo, en 1594, que representa la batalla de las Navas de Tolosa.
En el centro de la composición figuran Alfonso VIII y el arzobispo Ximénez de Rada y a sus lados los monarcas de Aragón y Navarra. Arriba a la derecha podemos ver el Pendón del califa almohade conocido como El Miramamolín y a la izquierda la Cruz que portaba el arzobispo, ambos en el museo del propio monasterio.
Debajo a la izquierda, la representación de Alfonso VIII de Castilla y a la derecha la de su esposa Leonor de Inglaterra.
La batalla de las Navas de Tolosa, enfrentó el 16 de julio de 1212 a un ejército aliado cristiano formado en gran parte por tropas castellanas de Alfonso VIII, apoyado también por Pedro II de Aragón y Sancho VII de Navarra, contra el ejército muy superior de los almohades en las inmediaciones de la localidad jienense de Santa Elena. La victoria fue para las tropas cristianas y está considerada como una de las batallas más importantes de la Reconquista.
Fue iniciativa de Alfonso VIII entablar una gran batalla contra los almohades tras haber sufrido la derrota de Alarcos en 1195. Para ello solicitó apoyo al papa Inocencio III para favorecer la participación del resto de los reinos cristianos de la península ibérica y la predicación de una cruzada por la cristiandad.
Está considerada como el punto culminante de la Reconquista y el inicio de la decadencia de la presencia musulmana en la península ibérica.
Fresco executed by Jerónimo and Pedro Ruiz de Camargo, in 1594, which represents the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.
In the center of the composition are Alfonso VIII and Archbishop Ximénez de Rada, and at their sides are the monarchs of Aragon and Navarra. Above on the right we can see the Banner of the Almohad caliph known as El Miramamolín and on the left the Cross carried by the archbishop, both in the museum of the monastery itself.
Below on the left, the representation of Alfonso VIII of Castile and on the right that of his wife Eleanor of England.
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, on July 16, 1212, pitted a Christian allied army formed largely by Castilian troops of Alfonso VIII, also supported by Pedro II of Aragon and Sancho VII of Navarre, against the much superior army of the Almohads in the vicinity of the Jaén town of Santa Elena. The victory was for the Christian troops and is considered one of the most important battles of the Reconquista.
It was the initiative of Alfonso VIII to start a great battle against the Almohads after having suffered the defeat of Alarcos in 1195. To do so, he requested support from Pope Innocent III to encourage the participation of the rest of the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula and the preaching of a crusade for Christianity.
It is considered the climax of the Reconquista and the beginning of the decline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian Peninsula.
The Al-Hussain Mosque is a mosque built in 1154. The mosque is located in Cairo, Egypt, near the Khan El-Khalili bazaar. It is considered to be one of the holiest Islamic sites in Egypt.
The place is still so sacred that no Muslims can not enter it.
The mosque was built on the cemetery of the Fatimid caliphs, though this was not known until the site's archaeological excavation. It is named for Muhammad's grandson, Hussain ibn Ali. Shia Muslims believe that Husayn's head is buried on the grounds of the mosque. The complex includes a mausoleum, which dates back to the mosque's original construction in 1154.
The currently standing building was constructed in the 19th century, and was influenced by Gothic Revival architecture. Today, the mosque houses some items considered sacred by Muslims, such as the oldest complete manuscript of the Quran.
Alhambra (Arabic: "red tower") - a fortified palace complex in Granada. Built in the years 1232-1273 and expanded to the fourteenth century. It is the fortress of the Moorish caliphs. Yusuf I and Muhammad V.
Alhambra, a monument of Arab construction in Europe, it consists of a palace with several courtyards and decorated rooms and Alkazaba. Next to the palace is Generalife - a summer residence with gardens. The Alhambra was the last point of Arab support in Spain until 1492.
The Alhambra Fortress was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1984.
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Alhambra (arab. "czerwona wieża") – warowny zespół pałacowy w Grenadzie. Zbudowany w latach 1232–1273 i rozbudowywany do XIV wieku. Jej rozbudowa trwała za panowania emirów z dynastii Nasrydów – Jusufa I i Muhammada V. Alhambra była twierdzą mauretańskich kalifów.
Twierdza Alhambra została w 1984 roku wpisana na listę światowego dziedzictwa kultury UNESCO.
Zabytek arabskiego budownictwa w Europie. Składa się z pałacu z kilkoma dziedzińcami i dekorowanymi salami oraz Alkazaby. Obok pałacu znajduje się Generalife – letnia rezydencja z ogrodami. Alhambra była do roku 1492 ostatnim punktem oparcia Arabów w Hiszpanii.
Monastir was founded on the ruins of the Punic–Roman city of Ruspina.
The city features a well preserved Ribat, built by the Abbaside's caliph Harun ar-Raschid in the year 796, that was used to scan the sea for hostile ships.
Several ulema came to stay in the Ribat of this peaceful city for contemplation.
The Ribat was also one of the filming locations for Monty Python's Life Of Brian.
Formerly known as Gerrha, a stronghold built by Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid ibn Abdel Malek in the 8th century, the site was later abandoned, leaving a number of well-preserved ruins. (The present-day name derives from Ayn Gerrha, or "source of Gerrha".) The famous Umayyad ruins are now a World Heritage Site.
Queste colonne tronche assieme alla torre di Hassan sono i resti di una moschea rimasta incompleta, nonché uno dei simboli storici più visitati di Rabat.
Comissionata nel 1195, per ordine del califfo Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, la torre doveva essere il più grande minareto del mondo insieme alla moschea, anch’essa ideata per essere la più grande del mondo, ma nel 1199 i lavori si interruppero a causa della morte del califfo.
Di conseguenza, la torre raggiunse soltanto i 44 metri, ovvero circa la metà dell’altezza prevista di 86 metri e la moschea fu lasciata con solo una piccola parte delle numerose mura e colonne che dovevano essere innalzate.
These truncated columns together with the Hassan Tower are the remains of an incomplete mosque, as well as one of the most visited historical symbols of Rabat.
Commissioned in 1195, by order of the caliph Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, the tower was supposed to be the largest minaret in the world together with the mosque, also designed to be the largest in the world, but in 1199 the work was interrupted due to of the death of the caliph.
As a result, the tower only reached 44 metres, or about half of the planned height of 86 metres, and the mosque was left with only a small part of the many walls and columns that needed to be raised.
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Castillo de Gormaz, Gormaz, Soria, Castilla y León, España.
El castillo de Gormaz es una fortaleza de origen andalusí situada junto al municipio homónimo (Soria, España). A pesar de que parece construida sobre una fortaleza anterior, la estructura actual fue realizada durante el Califato de Córdoba, específicamente por el califa al-Hakam II, quien ordenó al general Gálib su ampliación, tarea que se emprendió entre los años 965-66. Según algunos historiadores como Roger Collins, fue la fortaleza más grande de Europa en aquella época.
El castillo consta de dos partes diferenciadas y separadas por un foso. Al este se encuentra el alcázar, la torre del homenaje, la "torre de Almanzor", el aljibe y los aposentos califales. En la parte oeste se encuentra una alberca para dar de beber a los animales y una gran explanada donde acampaban las tropas. Cuenta con una gran puerta que denota su origen islámico, la Puerta Califal. En la cara oeste de la muralla hay tres estelas, una de origen romano y otra claramente islámica, que se colocaron allí para espantar los malos espíritus.
El castillo de Gormaz llegó a ser la fortaleza europea más grande de su época: con un perímetro amurallado de 1200 m, 446 m de largo, 28 torres y una forma muy alargada en dirección este-oeste.
The castle of Gormaz is a fortress of Andalusian origin located next to the homonymous municipality (Soria, Spain). Although it appears to have been built on a previous fortress, the current structure was built during the Caliphate of Córdoba, specifically by Caliph al-Hakam II, who ordered General Gálib to expand it, a task that was undertaken between the years 965-66. According to some historians such as Roger Collins, it was the largest fortress in Europe at that time.
The castle consists of two different parts and separated by a moat. To the east is the fortress, the keep, the "tower of Almanzor", the cistern and the caliphal chambers. In the western part there is a pool to water the animals and a large esplanade where the troops camped. It has a large gate that denotes its Islamic origin, the Califal Gate. On the west face of the wall there are three stelae, one of Roman origin and the other clearly Islamic, which were placed there to scare away evil spirits.
Gormaz Castle became the largest European fortress of its time: with a walled perimeter of 1,200 m, 446 m long, 28 towers and a very elongated shape in an east-west direction.
The Jāmeh Mosque of Isfahān is the grand, congregational mosque (Jāmeh) of Isfahān city, within Isfahān Province, Iran. The mosque is the result of continual construction, reconstruction, additions and renovations on the site from around 771 to the end of the 20th century. It has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2012. Built in Isfahan during the Omayyad dynasty it is rumored in Isfahan that one of the pillars of this Masjid were personally built by the Caliph in Damascus. Prior to it becoming a Masjid it is said to have been a house of worship for Zoroastrians. This is one of the oldest mosques still standing in Iran.
(from Wikipedia)