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Moehne lake (Germany) - Moehne dam
The Möhne Reservoir, or Moehne Reservoir, is an artificial lake in North Rhine-Westphalia, some 45 km east of Dortmund, Germany. The lake is formed by the damming of two rivers, Möhne and Heve, and with its four basins stores as much as 135 million cubic metres of water.
In 1904 calculations about the future demand for water for people and industry in the growing Ruhr-area determined that the existing storage volume of 32.4 million m³ in dams of the Ruhr river system needed tripling. Thus, on 28 November 1904, the general assembly of the Ruhrtalsperreverein decided to construct additional dams. During 1908 to 1913 they built the Möhnetalsperre at a cost of 23.5 million marks.
When opened, the dam was the largest dam in Europe. 140 homesteads with 700 people had to move. It was built to help control floods, regulate water levels on the Ruhr river downstream, and generate hydropower. Today, the lake is also a tourist attraction.
The dam (51.489307°N 8.058772°E) was breached by RAF Lancaster Bombers ("The Dambusters") during Operation Chastise on the night of 16–17 May 1943, together with the Edersee dam in northern Hesse. Bouncing bombs had been constructed which were able to skip over the protective nets that hung in the water. A huge hole of 77 m by 22 m was blown into the dam. The resulting huge floodwave killed at least 1,579 people, 1,026 of them foreign forced labourers held in camps downriver. The small city of Neheim-Hüsten was particularly hard-hit with over 800 victims, among them at least 526 victims in a camp for Russian women held for forced labour.
Though the Organisation Todt quickly repaired the dams through the labor of 7,000 men taken from the construction of the Atlantic Wall, the impact of the raid on German industry in the Ruhr valley and on the civil population was significant. According to Albert Speer, "the power plant at the foot of the shattered dam looked as if it had been erased, along with its heavy turbines." "Industry was brought to a standstill", due to the "electrical installations being soaked and muddied."
Three other reservoirs were still intact, though the largest, the Sorpe Dam, had a hole above the water line. Another destroyed dam, the Edersee Dam, "had nothing to do with the supply of water to the Ruhr." The Mohne Dam was repaired by 23 September 1943, in time to collect water for needs the following summer, when the British failed to follow up with additional raids to hamper reconstruction.
(Wikipedia)
Der Möhnesee ist ein Stausee an der Möhne. Er liegt im Gemeindegebiet von Möhnesee im nordrhein-westfälischen Kreis Soest. Bei Stauziel hat die Hauptsperre 10,37 Quadratkilometer Wasseroberfläche und einen Speicherraum von 126,05 Millionen Kubikmetern; mit den zwei größten Vorsperren und einem Ausgleichsbecken sind es 134,5 Millionen Kubikmeter. Das Wasser wird durch eine 40,3 Meter hohe und 650 Meter lange Staumauer aufgestaut.
Der Möhnesee liegt am Nordwestrand des Naturparks Arnsberger Wald. Südlich entlang dem zur Westfälischen Bucht überleitenden Haarstrang zieht er sich in Ost-West-Richtung durch die nach ihm benannte Gemeinde Möhnesee und staut, neben kleineren Bächen, die Möhne und die Heve.
Die Aufstandsfläche der Talsperre befindet sich im oberen Bereich der Auflockerungszone der oberkarbonischen Arnsberg-Schichten, einer Wechsellagerung von intensiv gefalteten Sandsteinen, Grauwacken und Tonsteinen. Durch eine intensive tektonische Beanspruchung während der variszischen Gebirgsbildung sind die Gesteine intensiv gefaltet worden. Der Bereich des Möhnetals ist zudem durch das Vorhandensein von großen Störungszonen gekennzeichnet. Nördlich der Talsperre werden die gefalteten paläozoischen Schichten diskordant von Ablagerungen der Münsterländer Kreide überlagert. Die oberkreidezeitliche Abfolge fällt flach in nördliche Richtungen ein und beginnt mit einem glaukonithaltigem Grünsand der Essen-Grünsand-Formation aus dem Cenomanium und wird von Plänerkalken der Erwitte-Formation des Coniaciums und Turoniums und den Mergeln der Büren-Formation sowie der Pläner der Oerlinghausen-Formation des Turoniums überlagert. Die geologische Grenze zwischen paläozoischen und kreidezeitlichen Schichten bildet auch die geographische und naturräumliche Grenze zwischen Arnsberger Wald (Sauerland) und Haarstrang.
Die Möhnetalsperre dient der Niedrigwasseraufhöhung, dem Hochwasserschutz und der Stromerzeugung aus Wasserkraft. Vorrangiges Ziel ist die Niedrigwasseraufhöhung der Ruhr, in die das Wasser der Talsperre über den Unterlauf der Möhne und den Zusammenfluss im Arnsberger Stadtteil Neheim gelangt. Die Regulation des Wasserstands der Ruhr garantiert eine gleichmäßige Versorgung des Ruhrgebiets mit Roh- und Brauchwasser. Eigentümer und Betreiber der Talsperre ist der Ruhrverband.
Der Möhnesee, der nebst der Rurtalsperre und dem Biggesee zu den größten Stauseen in Nordrhein-Westfalen zählt, wie auch der angrenzende Arnsberger Wald sind vor allem für Menschen aus dem Ruhrgebiet bedeutende Naherholungsgebiete. Daher gibt es ein umfangreiches wassersportliches Angebot sowie jährlich einen großen Triathlonwettbewerb am Möhnesee. Möglich sind hier Grillen auf dem See, Segeln, Motorbootfahren mit Elektromotor und Tauchen bis zu Tiefen von 25 Metern. Entlang des Sees führt auf beiden Seiten der Möhnetalradweg von Brilon nach Neheim.
Hauptsperre
Der Stau- oder Speicherraum der Hauptsperre kann 126,05 Millionen m³ Wasser aufnehmen. Der Möhnesee ist mit seinen vier Abschnitten über zehn Kilometer lang und rund 10,37 km² groß. Bei Vollstau liegt seine tiefste Stelle mit 36 Metern beim Linkturm, der nach dem Erbauer Ernst Link benannt wurde.
Das Absperrbauwerk der Talsperre, das als Gewichtsstaumauer erbaut wurde, besteht aus Bruchsteinmauerwerk, ist nach dem Intze-Prinzip gebaut und hat eine Kronenlänge von 650 m.
Um bei Hochwasser einen Überlauf zu ermöglichen sind in der Mauerkrone, unterhalb der Fahrbahn, 105 Öffnungen eingelassen. Ein Teil der Energie des herabströmenden Wassers wird auf der Luftseite der Staumauer durch die hervorstehenden Bruchsteinquader bereits umgewandelt. Um die Mauer zu schonen und wegen der Energieerzeugung wird ein Überlaufen über die Öffnungen der Hochwasserentlastung möglichst vermieden. Zuletzt lief die Talsperre im August 2007 über, infolge extremer Niederschläge im Einzugsgebiet – zum Beispiel in Warstein am 9. August 2007 in drei Stunden 58,5 mm. Das vorletzte Überlauf-Ereignis war 1984.
Direkt unterhalb der Staumauer befindet sich ein Ausgleichsbecken (Ausgleichsweiher), das als Tosbecken dient. Der Stauraum ist 0,66 Millionen m³ groß und das Stauziel liegt auf 183,65 m ü. NHN.
Das Wasserkraftwerk hat eine Ausbauleistung von 7,04 MW; seine mittlere Gesamtjahresenergieerzeugung liegt bei 12,9 Millionen kWh.
Berechnungen des zukünftigen Bedarfs an Trink- und Brauchwasser für das wachsende Ruhrgebiet im Jahre 1904 hatten ergeben, dass zu den bereits vorhandenen Talsperren im Flusssystem der Ruhr mit einem Stauvolumen von 32,4 Millionen m³ die dreifache Menge erforderlich wäre, nämlich etwa 100 Millionen m³ Stauraum. Bis zum Jahr 1925 schätzte man sogar ein Anwachsen auf fast 200 Millionen m³. Daher wurde von der Generalversammlung des Ruhrtalsperrenvereins am 28. November 1904 eine Satzungsänderung zum Bau eigener Talsperren beschlossen. Am 22. Mai 1905 wurde zum ersten Mal über den Plan gesprochen, im Möhnetal eine große Talsperre zu bauen. Die Möhnetalsperre wurde daraufhin in den Jahren 1908 bis 1912 nach Plänen des Regierungsbaumeisters Ernst Link und nach einem Entwurf des Kölner Architekten Franz Brantzky für die Staumauer mit einem Kostenaufwand von 23,5 Millionen Mark erbaut und am 12. Juli 1913 vom Ruhrtalsperrenverein eingeweiht. Im Jahr der Einweihung war die Talsperre die größte Stauanlage in Europa. Der ehemalige Ort Kettlersteich versank vollkommen im Wasser. Das Dorf Delecke (Alt-Delecke) wurde ebenfalls zum größten Teil geflutet. Dem See mussten 140 Gehöfte mit 700 Menschen weichen.
Die Möhnetalsperre wurde im Zweiten Weltkrieg durch einen Operation Chastise (deutsch Züchtigung) genannten britischen Bombenangriff, geleitet durch Wing Commander Guy Gibson, in der Nacht vom 16. auf den 17. Mai 1943 stark beschädigt.
Um die Abwehranlagen am Stausee zu umgehen, wurden eigens zu diesem Zweck konstruierte über das Wasser hüpfende Rollbomben von nachtflugtauglichen Langstreckenbombern des Typs Avro Lancaster von der No. 617 Squadron abgeworfen. Diese Rollbomben hüpften bei flachem Auftrittswinkel aufgrund ihrer schnellen Eigendrehung über das Wasser und sprangen über die Torpedoabfangnetze hinweg. Anschließend prallten sie gegen die Staumauer, wobei ihr Drall dafür sorgte, dass sie rasch zum Mauersohlengrund sanken, wo sie dann in einer Tiefe von 10 bis 15 Metern explodierten. Eine von mehreren in kurzer Folge abgeworfenen Bomben erreichte ihr Ziel und führte zur Mauerbeschädigung. Der Stauraum war zum Zeitpunkt des Bombenangriffs Mai 1943 voll gefüllt. Es entstand so zunächst ein kleiner Riss, der sich durch den Druck der ausströmenden Wassermassen schnell erweiterte und zuletzt eine trapezförmige Lücke mit 77 m Breite und 22 m Tiefe ergab.
Aufgrund der hierdurch entstandenen Flutwelle, die sich über die Möhne bis weit ins Ruhrtal ergoss, kamen verschiedenen Angaben zufolge mindestens 1284 oder sogar über 1600 Menschen ums Leben. Der von der Abwurfstelle am weitesten entfernte Todesfall in Zusammenhang mit der Flutwelle ereignete sich in Essen-Steele, über 100 Kilometer jenseits der Staumauer. Ein Mahnmal am früheren Kloster Himmelpforten erinnert heute an die Toten der Katastrophe. Neheim, heute ein Stadtteil von Arnsberg, wurde besonders schwer getroffen; die Flutwelle war dort über 12 Meter hoch. Die meisten Menschen kamen im Neheimer Zwangsarbeiterlager Möhnewiesen ums Leben. In Neheim gibt es vor der St. Johannes-Kirche eine weitere Gedenkstätte.
Zweck dieses Angriffs, bei dem gleichzeitig auch die Edertalsperre und der Sorpesee angegriffen wurden, war mittelbar die Beeinträchtigung der Rüstungsindustrie im Ruhrgebiet; der Sorpedamm wurde aufgrund seiner speziellen Bauweise aus Beton mit Erd- und Steinüberschüttung kaum beschädigt.
Der Angriff auf die Staumauer wurde 1954 in dem britischen Spielfilm Mai '43 – Die Zerstörung der Talsperren (The Dam Busters) von Michael Anderson nachgezeichnet.
Der Wiederaufbau der Staumauer unter einem Aufgebot von mehreren tausend Arbeitskräften rund um die Uhr und unter Verwendung der ursprünglichen Baumaterialien wurde, trotz der damals sehr angespannten allgemeinen Material- und Kräftelage, unmittelbar nach der starken Beschädigung eingeleitet und konnte schon am 3. Oktober 1943 mit dem Auftragen der Fahrbahndecke auf der Dammkrone abgeschlossen werden. Der schnelle Fortgang der Arbeiten wurde schließlich auch durch die Nazi-Propaganda ausgenutzt, um der kriegsmüden Bevölkerung zumindest kleine Erfolge vorzuführen. Der Einfluss des Angriffes auf die Kriegswirtschaft des Ruhrgebietes war nicht so nachhaltig ausgefallen, wie von den Alliierten ursprünglich erhofft. Sie griffen die Großbaustelle bzw. die dann fertiggestellte Staumauer bis Kriegsende nicht mehr an.
Von 1972 bis 1979 fand eine umfassende Sanierung der Möhnetalsperre statt. Durch Sprengungen legte man entlang der Gründungssohle der Staumauer einen Kontrollgang an, von dem aus die Mauer verpresst und mit Drainagebohrungen versehen wurde.
Auch auf der freien Seite der Staumauer nagte am Mauerwerk der Zahn der Zeit. Durch die Risse drang Wasser ins Mauerwerk, einsetzender Frost beschädigte Steine. In den entstandenen Hohlräumen sammelten sich Samen an, keimten und bildeten Baum- und Strauchwerk aus, welches mit seinen Wurzeln die Mauer weiter schädigte. Von 1992 bis 2000 wurden umfassende Sanierungsarbeiten an der etwa 2,5 Hektar umfassenden Luftseite vorgenommen. Da Stein- und Fugensanierungen nur im Sommerhalbjahr durchgeführt werden konnten zog sich die Sanierung über acht Jahre.
Wie bei vielen anderen Stauseen finden sich unterhalb der Wasseroberfläche Relikte aus vergangenen Tagen. Im Spätsommer 2003 musste wegen Reparaturarbeiten an den Absperrschiebern des Hevevorbeckens der Wasserstand so weit abgesenkt werden, bis das Hevebecken vollständig entleert war. Zum Vorschein kam die alte Brücke mit der über ihr verlaufenden Straße.
Die Talsperrenmauer ist als Baudenkmal in die Denkmalliste der Gemeinde Möhnesee eingetragen.
Anlässlich des 100. Jahrestages der Vollendung der Talsperre im Jahre 1912 gab die Deutsche Post AG mit dem Erstausgabetag 4. April 2013 ein Sonderpostwertzeichen im Wert von 90 Eurocent mit Sonderstempeln und dem Text 100 Jahre Möhnetalsperre heraus. Der Entwurf stammt von den Grafikern Gerda M. und Horst F. Neumann aus Wuppertal.
2013 erscheint der Roman Nachtauge von Titus Müller, der die Geschichte des Ortes Neheim und die Flutkatastrophe aus der Perspektive historischer bzw. fiktiver Figuren realistisch, eindrucksvoll zum Leben erweckt und durch Lesungen vor Ort würdigt.
Unter dem Motto Jahrhundertleuchten wurden zum Jubiläum einen Monat lang rund um den Ausgleichsweiher eine Vielzahl von Lichtinstallationen ausgestellt. Zentrales Element war eine Videoinstallation, die auf 160 × 40 Meter der Bruchsteinoberfläche der Staumauer zwischen den Türmen mittels Dia- und Videoprojektoren 100 Jahre deutsche Geschichte mit dem Staudamm im Mittelpunkt zusammenfasste. Sie wurde von Britta und Wolfgang Flammersfeld erstellt.
(Wikipedia)
Being a bounty-hunter can be a be hard work, it is not just shooting and hunting, bombing and tracking, not only fast speed flight through astroid-field and so on...
there is a lot of calculation needed, what size of speeder can I afford and how much soup does it drink and also calculations like is it worth going all the way to Andromeda for 100.000 kredits? you will have to make budgets and calculations, some hire an accountant but this is also an expense that will have to be calculated (hopefully not by another accountant)
Most Bounty-hunters call all this part of their work for "Paper-time" still most of their time is actually out on the field, most are syndicated some are freelancers and some are parts of guilds and unions...
Most B-H´s are free on Sat & Sun or have an extra taxation-rate when working on their normally free days, the B-H Unions have seen to this...
So on Fridays most B-H are happy to have a free weekend and often celebrate together with other B-H´s at small exclusive B-H Clubs or guild bars, in the Aganon B-sector it is Often the minor planet known as the hard Space-rock Café here they can drink while droids service their ships and speeders while their owners brag and gossip about old glories or what happened last week...
we have place a small spy-drone-fly on an un-CTV protected spot... Let´s hear some genuine B-H´s talk...
- So Screw-Boink I promise you this is the truth, and nothing but the truth and if I am lying may the B-H patron saint strike me down with a evaporator-laser smack in my eye-head...
- Hey Iball stop making a five day poem about the truthfulness of you claims and get to the point tell us the story an let us be the judge if there is any truth to the story...
- Ok, so I was looking for this lost star-pilot, the Pink one, the contract was about 100k Kreds! so I was really eager to find this lost dot... so I looked on a space-map on where she was last spotted... and it was close to a planet I once visited where a group of male-human cavemen lived, well human males that want to go back to the primitive way of life they think their ancestors the dinosaurs lived...
- Ok, so did you find her there?
- Yeah tell us, please!!!
- Yes, I found her crashed ship on this very planet, and I looked about, saw some smoke from some huts further away so I went there...
- Ok, What happened then??
- Was the human Pilot there?
- Well I went up to the largest hut and peeked inside, my jawless-face dropped my jaw, the most horrible sight I have ever seen reached my eye, they were all naked and connected inside, I don´t like the sight of humans fully clothed but this was so revolting I still feel noxious and ill...
- So You got the reward? for finding her???
- No I didn´t, well not yet, because when I was standing there peeping like an uncle what do you call it? Tom!!!
Yes Tom... well when I stood there all the sudden the female was missing, so I was gonna turn to see where she was, but then I found a gun pressed to my eye, she had gotten dressed and like a Ninja-turtle moved in the darkness and caught me by surprise!
- So what happened then, obviously she didn´t kill you??? or did she?
- Yes what did she do? what did she do???
- Well she said: I Know why you are here, but I am sorry dear Bh-Friend I am not ready to return yet, I kind of like this planet, they worship me here... I am gonna make a deal with you, Her is a personal Id-contactor, I will call you when I feel bored with these males and then you can have the money for finding me... if you agree I will let you live and if you don´t, yeah well you get it...
- Ok, so what did you do???
- Well I agreed off cause and now you guys think that I am stupid enough to tell you where I found her!!! ha, ha, ha but I am more clever than that, I have boobytrapped the only path to this planet... so I can assure you that anyone trying to steal my bounty is gonna die for certain...
then you ask, how??? well, I am not telling you... ha, ha, ha...
- I don´t even believe in this story, why would a single woman want to spend all that time with human dinosaurs...
- Yeah, they will only force her to lay eggs and sit on them until they hatch that is why human women don´t like to reproduce... I have heard that from a victim I kidnapped and she was half-human!!!
Als er 1 schaap over de dam is volgen er meer...
day 6
"Schaapje, schaapje, heb je witte wol,
ja baas, ja baas, drie zakken vol..."
Manuscript title: Evronot ("Rules for Calculation of the Calendar")
Manuscript summary: This manuscript contains an Evronot ("Rules for Calculation of the Calendar"). Many so-called Sifre evoronot ("Books of calculation") emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries. They can be taken as a reaction to the Gregorian calendar, introduced in 1582. Such manuscripts often depict the biblical Issachar, one of Jacob’s sons, on or near a ladder; as an attribute, he holds an hourglass in his hand. This manuscript has two such miniatures; above the first of which there is also an illustration of a waning and a waxing moon with a human face and stars. The title page depicts an ornamental architectural arch. At the end of the book, there is the familiar motif of Moses seated at a table holding the Tablets of the Law.
Origin: Germany
Period: 17th century
Image source: Zürich, Braginsky Collection, B247: Evronot ("Rules for Calculation of the Calendar") (www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/list/one/bc/b-0247)
****Please Click on Image to view larger and on Black background****
I left Boise a little late, you know, with the biscuits and gravy and all…, and decided to drive home a different way, because according to my calculations, I could reach Burney Falls just as the sunset if everything went correctly. Turns out, not only was my calculation wrong, but everything didn’t go right. The sun set as I was LITERALLY speeding past River Mills, Oregon. The color was simply beautiful. Pink, orange, huge looming clouds. It was just glowing. I felt my face go red, I began to sweat a little, and my heart sank. I was like a five year old who wakes for Christmas too early and thinks Santa didn’t come. It was awful. As I reached the four way stop where straight meant Redding and right meant Burney, I stared at the blinking yellow and red lights above me. “Damn it, I drove this all this way, I’m going to Burney Falls in the Dark!” I didn’t end up with the shot I wanted, but to tell you the truth, I might like this one better. Turns out I’m all about stubborn dedication, and every once in a while, it turns out okay. Cheers and happy shooting!
–jared r.
Canon 5DMKII
Canon 16-35mm @ 29mm
Iso 200
f/4.5
30 sec
Here's a picture I took on a foggy morning just after sunrise a few months back in the Village of Villa Park. I posted a different picture of that morning on the day I took it, and I meant to come back and post more but never did. So here's this one.
I post this one tonight because those calculations I did for the last space station post got me to thinking about math and the passage of time. I mentioned when we moved to Villa Park a month before I took this photo of a sunrise that we'd moved west, so sunrise would find us just a bit later. The question I always meant to answer but never did, though, was, how much later?
That's a relatively easy question to answer if you answer two other questions first: 1.) How much farther west are we? 2.) How fast is my particular patch of planet rotating? Or, what's my speed as the planet spins me toward sunrise?
That second question is the harder one to answer, because I have to track down my latitude and then do a bunch of trigonometry to figure out how fast the planet at this latitude is spinning. But I did that math for the last space station post and therefore know the answer. I live at 41.9°N latitude, and am therefore being spun east at a speed of 783 miles per hour.
That leaves the first question, which is easy. I just have to go measure the distance from the old place to the new place, and then do a little dance because of an oddly coincidental little quirk of geography and random real estate transactions that simplifies this entire thought experiment tremendously. When we moved from Oak Park to Villa Park, we moved a distance of 10.52 miles almost exactly due west. And when I say almost exactly due west, I mean that a line running exactly west from our old place misses our new place by about 600 feet. Draw a line due east from our new place, and you hit the house on the corner of our Oak Park street 600 feet from our apartment that I always called the "scary house."
This is the kind of thing that gets me excited.
The reason this is significant for this thought exercise, though, is that our position almost exactly due west of the old place means the seasonal changes that move the Sun's position in the sky don't affect how long it takes sunrise to get from there to here. Our house in Villa Park is always going to be 10.52 miles behind our apartment in Oak Park at 783 miles an hour. That works out to 48.4 seconds. Sunrise hits our big back window 48.4 seconds later than it hits the big front windows on the old apartment.
Want to complicate this up, though? We used to live near the corner of Fullerton and Maplewood in Chicago's Logan Square neighborhood. That's farther east than the Oak Park place. How much earlier does Maplewood see sunrise?
Unfortunately, our departure from Maplewood didn't take us due west. There was a southward component to that vector. The straight line distance from Maplewood to Oak Park was 5.52 miles, but the heading was 32.78° south of due west. So we moved 4.66 miles west, but 2.98 miles south. So that means calculations for sunrise timing are only easy on the equinoxes. On the mornings of March 22 and September 22, Maplewood will see the sun 21.4 seconds before Oak Park, and 69.8 seconds before Villa Park. But only on those two days. Any other day, the tilting of the Earth on its axis throws Maplewood either a little closer to the sunrise than Oak and Villa Parks, or a little farther away, and calculating how much involves an enormous amount of math that changes for every day.
I'm not entirely sure how you'd do that math ... but for fun, I'll try it for the summer solstice. I think what I need to do is shift the sunrise line to match the maximum tilt of the Earth on its axis, which is 23.5°. Then I just plug in some trigonometry, calculate an adjustment, and if my thinking's right I find that on June 22, sunrise hits Maplewood 52.9 seconds before it hits Oak Park, and a minute and 41.3 seconds before it hits Villa Park. And what about the winter solstice? On December 22, sunrise hits Maplewood only 16.9 seconds before it hits Villa Park, and it actually beats its way into Oak Park 10.1 seconds ahead of Maplewood, even though Maplewood is further east.
So ... did you make it all the way through all that? I'm not sure I did. That's enough math for tonight, I think. I might have cured my insomnia.
After three days of researches and calculations, I finally had managed to find out a place along the coastline in Corsica where the sun set exactly behind a lighthouse, at Cape Revellata. When I actually saw the scene forming in front of my eyes as expected so much in advance, I have truly smiled of joy inside of me and almost moved :D
Single shot, hand-held, canon EOS 550D + EF-S55-250IS @ 250mm, no post-processing, just a slight crop
Un vero "faro"
Dopo tre giorni di calcoli e ricerche, avevo finalmente localizzato un luogo lungo la costa della Corsica dal quale il sole fosse esattamente allineato con un faro al tramonto, Punta Revellata. Quando ho visto che la scena si stava componendo davvero come avevo previsto, ho veramente sorriso di gioia e mi sono quasi commosso :D
Scatto singolo, mano libera, canon EOS 550D + EF-S55-250IS @ 250mm, nessuna elaborazione, solo un ritaglio leggero
The Visionar lenses are high-speed lenses for the projection of 35mm cinema film designed in the late 50s at Carl Zeiss Jena (patent application was filed on 29th October 1958).
Most likely the calculation of these lenses was done on the first east german computer "OPREMA" (stands for "Optik-Rechen-Maschine", i.e. Computer for Optics), a relay computer consisting of 16626 relays, 500 kilometres of cable and using up 55 square metres of space, which was developed at Carl Zeiss Jena and put into operation in 1955.
They are of a modified Double-Gauss design of 6 elements in 6 groups (i.e. no cemented doublets), which was also featured in their yearly scientific publication "Jenaer Jahrbuch" in 1960.
Available focal lengths were 50mm, 55mm, 60mm, 65mm, 71mm, 77mm, 84mm, 92mm, 100mm, 109mm (all f1.6), and 119mm, 130mm, 141mm, 154mm, 168mm, 183mm, 200mm (all f1.9), roughly in increments of the focal length multiplied with the 8th root of 2.
They were sold under the brands of "Carl Zeiss Jena" and "Rathenower Optische Werke".
Like basically all projection lenses I am aware of they are optimised for wide open use, they don't have a aperture mechanism neither a focussing helicoid. Even though they are calculated for 35mm cinema film (roughly equivalent to APS-C), they cover 35mm full frame quite well. Typically for projection lenses they show a quite even illumination across the frame combined with very good contrast wide open which makes them particularily useful for stitching bokeh panoramas.
On the picture you can see my adaptations of the Visionar 109mm and 154mm lenses.
The adaptation of the 154mm is very simple, a reversal ring combined with several 55mm hoods (front left in the picture) that can be put into the long tube at the back of the 154mm lens (right in the picture).
The lens collar is a clamp from Schneider Kreuznach for their industrial telecentric lenses (someone sold this on ebay for less than EUR 10).
However, the 154mm is quite heavy (1.4 kilograms) and requires a lot of pictures for panoramic shots, so most of the time I end up using the 109mm (you will find more details of the 109mm adaption in my Flickr album).
Pi (commonly shortened as 3.14159, or π) is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. Its value can be expressed as a mathematical series that produces an infinitely long number.
As such, Pi is 'irrational', which means that the digits never end or repeat in any known way. This mysterious mathematical quirk has been recognised by humans for millennia, and the symbol has now become well represented in popular culture.
The famed astrophysicist Carl Sagan's science fiction work 'Contact' proposed that radio transmissions carrying prime or transcendental numbers would be the best patterns to broadcast across interstellar distances in the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence.
Certain astronomical objects like Pulsar Neutron Stars are known to send out precise and rhythmic radio signals, which at one time caused much premature excitement before they became better understood as natural phenomena. There is, however, no star which would emit radio pulses in a sequence as complex as Pi. Amid vast stellar expanses filled with spikes of static and confused electromagnetic noise, this elegant pattern could only come from an 'artificial' source.
As Sagan's character Ellie Arroway puts it , upon the Very Large Array's discovery of such a signal emanating from the Vega star system; "Mathematics is the only truly universal language. It's no coincidence that they’re primes - it may be a beacon. Some kind of announcement to get our attention."
Science fiction aside, Pi remains a source of fascination due to its ubiquitous presence throughout the world of physics. Among many other applications, it is crucial to the calculation of circular or elliptical planetary orbits; satellite speeds, geometries, path vectors and decay rates - the Newtonian clockwork of the universe.
****************************************************
Pedantic or curious readers with mathematic questions about the transcendentality of Pi can click here to see NASA's explanation, which covers the topic far more thoroughly than I ever could. Or, to see more mathematically inspired artwork, take a look at The Golden Ratio. Thanks for reading, folks :-)
Calculation Table - Shilling and pence as decimals of 1 £ Sterling. On the back is another Calculation Table for Cwts., Qrs. and lbs. into decimals of 1 ton.
I received mine in 1967...
Kangchenjunga (Nepali: कञ्चनजङ्घा; Hindi: कंचनजंघा; Sikkimese: ཁང་ཅེན་ཛོཾག་), also spelled Kanchenjunga, is the third highest mountain in the world, and lies partly in Nepal and partly in Sikkim, India.[3] It rises with an elevation of 8,586 m (28,169 ft) in a section of the Himalayas called Kangchenjunga Himal that is limited in the west by the Tamur River, in the north by the Lhonak Chu and Jongsang La, and in the east by the Teesta River.[1]
Mount Kangchenjunga lies about 125 km (78 mi) east-south-east of Mount Everest.[4] It is the second highest mountain of the Himalayas. Three of the five peaks – Main, Central and South – are on the border between North Sikkim and Nepal.[5] Two peaks are in Nepal's Taplejung District.[6]
Kangchenjunga Main is the highest mountain in India, and the easternmost of the mountains higher than 8,000 m (26,000 ft). It is called Five Treasures of Snow after its five high peaks, and has always been worshipped by the people of Darjeeling and Sikkim.[7]
Until 1852, Kangchenjunga was assumed to be the highest mountain in the world, but calculations based on various readings and measurements made by the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India in 1849 came to the conclusion that Mount Everest, known as Peak XV at the time, was the highest. Allowing for further verification of all calculations, it was officially announced in 1856 that Kangchenjunga is the third highest mountain in the world.[8]
Kangchenjunga was first climbed on 25 May 1955 by Joe Brown and George Band, who were part of a British expedition. They stopped short of the summit as per the promise given to the Chogyal that the top of the mountain would remain inviolate. Every climber or climbing group that has reached the summit has followed this tradition.[7] Other members of this expedition included John Angelo Jackson and Tom Mackinon.[9]
Masha ~105 years old ( cat calculation lifespan )
she died today at 17:00 18.09.20015...8((((( she was 20 years old
On August 17, 2025, on the 16th anniversary of the start of my study of astronomy by self-education, I made calculations of the sky coordinates and requested shooting on remote telescopes (with parameters according to my calculations, for example, shutter speeds and number of images) to search for new astronomical objects. When I received and viewed one of the series of images, I found a star in them, which, upon checking in various information sources, turned out to be an already known supernova, but even such a find is unusual for me, because in several years of searching in images, I did not come across even a single known supernova.
When checking 5 photographs (of the sky region in the constellation Pisces) with exposures of 300 seconds taken on this date with another remote telescope, the 0.51-m f/6.8 reflector T59 of iTelescope.Net, which is located at the Siding Spring Observatory in Australia, at the very edge of the images (only 12 arcseconds from the edges of the frames!) I saw a relatively faint star (only about +20 mag), which was absent from the archival photographs: only the galaxy SDSS J004819.14+075856.8 was visible in them nearby. I assumed it was a supernova in this galaxy, and when I checked, this star was unknown, so I measured its position and brightness, then sent the information to the Transient Name Server (as of January 1, 2016 the Transient Name Server (TNS) is the official IAU mechanism for reporting new astronomical transients such as supernova candidates) with the status as a possible supernova, and it was published there: www.wis-tns.org/object/2025umq with temporary designation AT 2025umq, and as PSN J00481888+0759006 on the CBAT TOCP www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/unconf/followups/J00481888+07590...
On August 19 I made remote observations of this star with a two-metre-aperture robotic Liverpool Telescope (LT — on the Canary island of La Palma) to confirm the reality of the object, and it worked out, I also made new measurements of its position and brightness (to refine them): about +20.3 mag. On August 23 and 24 I additionally made photometric observations with the LT to get more such information about this star. I am attaching a photo (color) for August 24 (stacked 3x60 sec. with g’, r’ and i’ filters, 9 frames in total).
On August 20, according to my calculations and request, the spectrum of this star was obtained at the Liverpool Telescope, as a result of its analysis, this star was classified as a fading Type Ia supernova at redshift of 0.159 in the galaxy SDSS J004819.14+075856.8, with assignment it the designation SN 2025umq. On August 27, the corresponding ATel #17361 www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=17361 was published on the website «The Astronomer's Telegram» about the discovery, photometry and classification of this supernova with my name as the first author.
I will add that later I saw in one of the scientific sources on the Internet that this supernova was previously detected by ZTF sky survey (the light curve shows a maximum brightness of about +20 mag around August 10, and the first detection was on July 25), but for some reason information about it was not sent to the TNS, so I am its official discoverer.
It is important that this is the first supernova discovered by me personally (in the images obtained - at my request - from a remote telescope), because earlier I discovered two supernovae SN 2022bsi and SN 2022jhn only in the images of the CRTS sky survey, participating in the supernova search project, so I am the first co-author of those discoveries. In addition, I consider it's luck that supernova SN 2025umq was not outside the boundaries of the images, because it was very close near the edges of the frames. Also note that those two supernovae were much closer (at redshifts of 0.0369 and 0.013) to our galaxy, while this supernova is distant enough: it has a redshift of 0.159, which means it is more than 2 billion light years away, so it was a big luck that I, an amateur astronomer, was able to discover so low brightness supernova! I should add that usually such faint supernovae are rarely classified using the Liverpool Telescope (because too long exposures are needed to obtain a good signal-to-noise ratio, so it is more practical to use larger telescopes, but I did not have the opportunity to use a larger telescope to study this supernova, so I tried to do it at the Liverpool Telescope), but in this case it was possible to do so with the LT - due to the sufficient distance of this supernova from the center of the host galaxy.
Now I am the discoverer (only on the basis of self-education) of 82 variable stars, 10 planetary nebula candidates (and co-author of discovery of 5), 3 supernovae (two co-authored and one personally), 4 probably physical binaries pairs of stars, 3 novae in M31; 3 transients (possible supernovae) and 8 asteroids; author of scientific papers in astronomy, which were published in scientific journals (including peer-reviewed) and co-author of the papers, for example, the most recent «GOTO065054+593624: An 8.5 mag amplitude dwarf nova identified in real time via Kilonova Seekers» was published doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553823 in Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A). I have given online presentations during several international conferences in astronomy, for example, e-Poster during the XXXIst General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union (IAUGA 2022), my paper "The contribution of the modern amateur astronomer to the science of astronomy" (based on this my e-Poster) was published arxiv.org/abs/2212.12543 in arXiv.
Week 2, January 6 - January 12:
Worked a lot on stuff for uni throughout the week - sketches, calculations, presentations. I even spent my Friday night calculating and drawing diagrams for Building Physics. I filmed a Follow Me Around of what I did this weekend, which will be on my YouTube Channel on Wednesday, but I didn't actually do anything special. My life is kinda boring lately but once January is over, it will (hopefully) get better.
I seem to have a thing for overlays.
The daily M338 manifest train flys around the curve outside of Elroy, IL en-route to the Freeport, IL yard, where they will break the train into two, for a meet with a WB train out of Chicago. I lost track of this train, and was about to leave when I heard FRED chirps, and horn blasts as it made its way thru Lena. I had to look at the timestamp of my photo of this train at East Dubuque, and the current time, to do some rational calculations of whether the train was coming, or if it had already passed by this location. After doing some quick calculations of Mileposts at the Mississippi River and at this location, I decided to stay. Seems it averaged about 30mph between the Mississippi River, and this location, which I find amazing given the severe grades between the two locations
So where do I start with: Last June. I was planning on a third science fiction project which turned out to be the first. Intended to be a spiritual successor yet actually in the shared universe of my previous work, Paradox Force (it’s probably goshdarn cancelled at this point smh). I did my calculations, intending it to have the same shared themes along with the cyberpunk spy action superhero thing. Eventually, some plans got retconned and changed along the way as evidenced by what you’re seeing.
But I almost never got down to making more than one. Until something came up in my mind that, focusing on a long term plan that could make a series go on like a television show and have it run through the course of a couple seasons. So I did it, getting the first three volumes complete (unsurprising yay here). Fact is, it’s been 2 years that I’ve went through a lot on the internet, had my ups and downs, lots of stuff. Everyone knows that part already with your own tales to tell as well.
Tackling volume/season 3 was a different strategy for me to make, it saved me and conserved a lot of time as well. What I did was shooting 8 pictures on the same night (also on that friggin table, I know, I’m broke and always low budget). And the week before I decided to release everything on a daily basis, coincidentally matching the same date it was uploaded, I managed to churn up at least 70% of the scripts before going through minor rewrites. Then easy edits, like my memes! (heh.)
What the future holds: Mid way through 2019, I’ve come to a realization that being able to write for more than one volume is an accomplishment. And that only happened on Flickr (as of now.) I’ve also got comments lately about how I’m such a good writer—along with some of you who have commentated on me being an author (also thank you for that). But yes, it isn’t easy. Practice makes perfect from bad to good writing, it’s an everyday thing.
It’s also this year that I’ve learnt that focusing on writing might be my thing, coming along with figbarfs and art, but it’s always been first place. It’s also such a great hobby that, despite English isn’t my first language and my fluency (even having people mistaking me for being a local in their own country), I still have a high amount of passion and love to keep it going. I’ve acknowledged I have more stories to keep doing, which is still going on since day 1.
And there I made it, a trilogy that’s about some cool superhuman agents going around the world busting some evil people, very much fun right? I’m sure it is. Speaking of the recent one I’ve made, I’ve always intended to have one of the hidden main characters being related to another protagonist. I’ve been thinking of that since I released the first batch of characters in September, and I hoped the plot twists pulled of well. Essentially, also revisiting the elements of the first season and connecting with the aftermath of the second, despite each season being somehow standalone.
“But wait, did you say trilogy?”
Fact is, I did. I never said when would I actually end it. It’s about to approach its not-so-one-year anniversary (more of a September thing in 2018). For now, I’ve given some of these certain characters a definitive arc, but evidently, not everyone gets fleshed out with development with so much dialogue and stuff, which leaves room potentially in the future to grow. And to also give more themes as well.
Which leads to the fact that the Paladin franchise needs is a hiatus, though not entirely. I’m quite dubious on whether a continuation would be nice, likely because of the media/entertainment we consume and watch, season qualities are likely to drop and get worse, (take GoT for example) and etc. So by delaying it might actually prove a solid chance to make writing better.
Fact is, I don’t know about season 4’s release date yet, likely cuz I’m not trying to cram another entry for this big project. Being said, it gives me more time to focus on other franchises—-mainly DC Comics based, which serves as the catalyst for our group and a couple of Elseworlds style projects.
“How can it go on?”
A way to make it continue is to start with smaller projects. The Dusksmoke Chronicles was a great example/experiment that going for a different flavour of story works. Essentially it’s the cookie ice cream, and if Paladin is vanilla, then I can always go forth with more spin offs. Raspberry, orange etc. Exploring amounts of different times would be nice, expanding the worldbuilding/mythology/lore.
And also, I recently had my best friend to make a music commission (just a simple birthday gift he owed me). Trying to branch out and making some themes was also exciting, so we’re working slowly on that development. I have the first demo version of theme, so if anybody wants to listen, just send me a message.
Last but not least, time to actually announce....a competition. I’ve been holding way too back and long to say this, it has to happen. The second one that i’ve mentioned and teased all along ties into the universe.
I’m looking for figs along with builds (extra points) that fits into the category of my universe. You are allowed to make up to 5 figs at the very least—-either team or solo fig should fall into a certain faction; Paladin (good), Spectres (evil), Gardner Co. (neutral, sorta chaotic good), Guild (netural), or simply independent (can be M16, Interpol, regular assassin etc).
I recommend that read some of the materials before starting so you get a knowledge in depth of what can happen. Then if you’re done, try to give a story for your characters as well, keep on brainstorming.
I’ll keep further details out as I’m going to put more descriptions in the group. The set due date for this contest will last until the end of July.
So, comment below as well if you wanna sign up!
Manuscript title: Evronot ("Rules for Calculation of the Calendar")
Manuscript summary: This manuscript contains an Evronot ("Rules for Calculation of the Calendar"). Many so-called Sifre evoronot ("Books of calculation") emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries. They can be taken as a reaction to the Gregorian calendar, introduced in 1582. Such manuscripts often depict the biblical Issachar, one of Jacob’s sons, on or near a ladder; as an attribute, he holds an hourglass in his hand. This manuscript has two such miniatures; above the first of which there is also an illustration of a waning and a waxing moon with a human face and stars. The title page depicts an ornamental architectural arch. At the end of the book, there is the familiar motif of Moses seated at a table holding the Tablets of the Law.
Origin: Germany
Period: 17th century
Image source: Zürich, Braginsky Collection, B247: Evronot ("Rules for Calculation of the Calendar") (www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/list/one/bc/b-0247)
Or, "the good calculations make good friends".
Took in Paris back in 2009, just by Place des Vosgues few meters away from Café Hugo.
Wall 2, Unintended Calculations, Moda Hotel, Vancouver BC. Curated by me.
indigosadventures.wordpress.com/2011/03/28/unintended-cal...
By my calculations it has taken me about 15 hours or more. The wooden board measures 6.5 x 4.5 cm.
Made of wood, paper, polymer clay.
7x7in lokta paper, Micron 05. Almost a Spirograph effect on this one - it was a compass I used, just wrong calculations... Had to blacken out the bits I did not like.
Black and White conversion via channels calculation and split toning in Lightroom with cyan and sepia.
The abacus is an ancient calculation tool, which is used as an aid to perform mathematical operations is the first tool used for the calculations since 2000 BC in China and used later also among the Greeks and Romans
Manuscript title: Evronot ("Rules for Calculation of the Calendar")
Manuscript summary: This manuscript contains an Evronot ("Rules for Calculation of the Calendar"). Many so-called Sifre evoronot ("Books of calculation") emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries. They can be taken as a reaction to the Gregorian calendar, introduced in 1582. Such manuscripts often depict the biblical Issachar, one of Jacob’s sons, on or near a ladder; as an attribute, he holds an hourglass in his hand. This manuscript has two such miniatures; above the first of which there is also an illustration of a waning and a waxing moon with a human face and stars. The title page depicts an ornamental architectural arch. At the end of the book, there is the familiar motif of Moses seated at a table holding the Tablets of the Law.
Origin: Germany
Period: 17th century
Image source: Zürich, Braginsky Collection, B247: Evronot ("Rules for Calculation of the Calendar") (www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/list/one/bc/b-0247)
Explore
Thank you first to my boyfriend Roland who called me up and said "GO OUTSIDE"!!!!
Thank you next to AirSign for creating magic in the sky tonight!
It is so awful what happened in the middle of the night. A tragic man and victims of his problems.
SXSW was so perfect this year, it has grown beautifully, Lady Gaga singing tonight, Jimmy Fallon live all week from Austin, Rachel Ray is here with "Rachael's Rockin' Austin Feedback Party", JZ and Kanye played the other night, I mean this is magnificent and then to have violence happen? Impossible!
Blessings out to all the victims and their families.
Please remember that last nights crime had nothing to do with sxsw.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Updated: 3:09 p.m. Thursday, March 13, 2014 | Posted: 1:11 p.m. Thursday, March 13, 2014
DOWNTOWN AUSTIN
Austin skies to be stuffed with pi this evening
By Ben Wear
American-Statesman Staff
Austinites and South by Southwest attendees, still absorbing Thursday morning’s tragedy, this evening will get what for many is likely to be a confusing sign in the sky.
Five sky-writing aircraft from AirSign, a Florida aerial advertising company, will write out π, the Greek letter pi, the mathematical ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The calculation produces an unending series of digits, beginning with 3.141592. The company in a press release said its pilots will produce “several hundred characters” of the numerical sequence.
The pilots will create what amounts to a dot-matrix version of the numbers, emitting discreet puffs of smoke.
Aside from the bid to publicize its services at a well attended event, why pi?
Tomorrow, the company explained, is March 14, or 3.14.
Building on that, the company says the planes will begin their 90-minute writing process at 6:28 p.m. because “6:28 is pi times two, a number some believe is the truer reflection of the power of the circle.”
It is also just early enough for the pilots to get the job done before dark.
Poesia di Corrado Baroncini
-----------------------------------
Bologna, massacre of august,the 2nd. (85 morti, 200 feriti -08/02/1980)
A massacre studied, prearranged.
Raving strategy of terror
programmed by great hatred.
Choiced the inauspicious day of the action.
Choiced a public place:the station.
Choiced cynically our and moment
amog those of greatest crowding:
Cool calculation, pitiless execution
towara the final act, the explosicy.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
the deadly year was placed.
By following the plot of distorted minds,
the fasist killer carried the death
Hided on the botton of heavy bundle
an arm was ready to the insane trap.
According to the plan from time traced
directed his steps toward the indicated place.
the death and the killer crossed the threshold,
he put the gear, she put the shroud.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
All from time has been recomposed.
On the debris and the contorded irons
the same walls have rose.
There's always besides, smooth and whitish
a common marble plate
that has the names incised in file
of many that did not know his destiny cowardly killed.
Humble stone on the fresh wall
put at eternal remember.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
By many years awaited, justice has replied.
The law has reached the fierce killers
but not the leaders, only the followers.
In this way repeat themselves the known places
where the principal remain unknown.
Compelled in the limits already definite
the inquiry stops with too many unpunished,
and they covered, powerful and wike,
always threaten fanatic massacres.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
The just man is no more inclined.
He refuses the partial and precarios verditct,
is opposed at letting down on curtain.
He sollicits the top nan to do full light
on those which finance and conduct the attempts.
He reaffirms that a massacre how this
pretends justice not only in half.
And he throws a warning: IT DON'T SERVES TO FILE,
ITALY, AUGUST,THE 2nd, WILL CAN REMEMBER!
Poetry of Corrado Baroncini
Traduzione di Piero Tabarroni.
-----------
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto,
Un eccidio studiato, predisposto.
Strategia delirante del terrore
programmata con livido furore.
Scelto l'infausto giorno dell'azione.
Scelto un pubblico luogo;la stazione.
Scelti cinicamente ora e momento
tra quelli del maggiore affollamento.
Freddo calcolo, spietata esecuzione
sino all'atto finale, l'esplosione.
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto.
Il micidiale ordigno fu deposto.
Seguendo la trama di menti distorte
sicario fascista portava la morte.
Calata sul fondo del grave fardello
un'arma era pronta al folle tranello.
Secondo il disegno da tempo tracciato
diresse i suoi passi sul luogo indicato.
Varcaron la soglia la morte e il sicario,
lui pose l'ordigno, lei stese il sudario.
Bologna, strage del 2 agosto.
Tutto da tempo è stato ricomposto.
Sulle memorie e i ferri contorti
gli stessi muri sono risorti.
C'è solo in più, liscia e biancastra,
una comune marmorea lastra
che porta i nomi in fila incisi
di tanti ignari vilmente uccisi.
Umile pietra sul fresco muro
posta a ricordo imperituro.
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto.
Per anni invocata, giustizia ha risposto.
La legge ha raggiunto i biechi sicari,
ma non i gerarchi, soltanto gregari.
Così si ripetono i luoghi già noti
nei quali i mandanti rimangono ignoti.
Costretta nei limiti già definiti
l'indagine chiude con troppi impuniti,
e loro coperti. potenti e malvagi
minacciano sempre fanatiche stragi.
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto.
Il giusto all'oblio non è più disposto.
Rifiuta il verdetto parziale e precario,
si oppone che venga calato il sipario.
Sollecita l'alto a far piena luce
su chi gli attentati finanzia e conduce.
Riafferma che eccidio di tale entità
pretende giustizia non solo metà.
E un monito lancia: NON SERVE ARCHIVIARE,
L'ITALIA IL 2 AGOSTO SAPRA' RICORDARE!
Poesia di Corrado Baroncini
-----------------------------------
Poesia di Corrado Baroncini
-----------------------------------
Bologna, massacre of august,the 2nd. (85 morti, 200 feriti -08/02/1980)
A massacre studied, prearranged.
Raving strategy of terror
programmed by great hatred.
Choiced the inauspicious day of the action.
Choiced a public place:the station.
Choiced cynically our and moment
amog those of greatest crowding:
Cool calculation, pitiless execution
towara the final act, the explosicy.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
the deadly year was placed.
By following the plot of distorted minds,
the fasist killer carried the death
Hided on the botton of heavy bundle
an arm was ready to the insane trap.
According to the plan from time traced
directed his steps toward the indicated place.
the death and the killer crossed the threshold,
he put the gear, she put the shroud.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
All from time has been recomposed.
On the debris and the contorded irons
the same walls have rose.
There's always besides, smooth and whitish
a common marble plate
that has the names incised in file
of many that did not know his destiny cowardly killed.
Humble stone on the fresh wall
put at eternal remember.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
By many years awaited, justice has replied.
The law has reached the fierce killers
but not the leaders, only the followers.
In this way repeat themselves the known places
where the principal remain unknown.
Compelled in the limits already definite
the inquiry stops with too many unpunished,
and they covered, powerful and wike,
always threaten fanatic massacres.
Bologna, massacre of august, the 2nd.
The just man is no more inclined.
He refuses the partial and precarios verditct,
is opposed at letting down on curtain.
He sollicits the top nan to do full light
on those which finance and conduct the attempts.
He reaffirms that a massacre how this
pretends justice not only in half.
And he throws a warning: IT DON'T SERVES TO FILE,
ITALY, AUGUST,THE 2nd, WILL CAN REMEMBER!
Poetry of Corrado Baroncini
Traduzione di Piero Tabarroni.
-----------
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto,
Un eccidio studiato, predisposto.
Strategia delirante del terrore
programmata con livido furore.
Scelto l'infausto giorno dell'azione.
Scelto un pubblico luogo;la stazione.
Scelti cinicamente ora e momento
tra quelli del maggiore affollamento.
Freddo calcolo, spietata esecuzione
sino all'atto finale, l'esplosione.
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto.
Il micidiale ordigno fu deposto.
Seguendo la trama di menti distorte
sicario fascista portava la morte.
Calata sul fondo del grave fardello
un'arma era pronta al folle tranello.
Secondo il disegno da tempo tracciato
diresse i suoi passi sul luogo indicato.
Varcaron la soglia la morte e il sicario,
lui pose l'ordigno, lei stese il sudario.
Bologna, strage del 2 agosto.
Tutto da tempo è stato ricomposto.
Sulle memorie e i ferri contorti
gli stessi muri sono risorti.
C'è solo in più, liscia e biancastra,
una comune marmorea lastra
che porta i nomi in fila incisi
di tanti ignari vilmente uccisi.
Umile pietra sul fresco muro
posta a ricordo imperituro.
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto.
Per anni invocata, giustizia ha risposto.
La legge ha raggiunto i biechi sicari,
ma non i gerarchi, soltanto gregari.
Così si ripetono i luoghi già noti
nei quali i mandanti rimangono ignoti.
Costretta nei limiti già definiti
l'indagine chiude con troppi impuniti,
e loro coperti. potenti e malvagi
minacciano sempre fanatiche stragi.
Bologna. Strage del 2 agosto.
Il giusto all'oblio non è più disposto.
Rifiuta il verdetto parziale e precario,
si oppone che venga calato il sipario.
Sollecita l'alto a far piena luce
su chi gli attentati finanzia e conduce.
Riafferma che eccidio di tale entità
pretende giustizia non solo metà.
E un monito lancia: NON SERVE ARCHIVIARE,
L'ITALIA IL 2 AGOSTO SAPRA' RICORDARE!
Poesia di Corrado Baroncini
-----------------------------------
22nd Sep, when my calculations showed the sun rising just left of it, but something went awry with the planets that day ...
Trinity House was going to not repaint this year so a local band of enthusiasts had to set to with red and white paint.
- A neutral expression portrait in a classroom in front of a whiteboard full of numbers. Is it applied math or financial calculations? Is she a maths student? A business and finance student? Maybe the Fujifilm camera strap gives her away.
By my best calculations there are approximately 14 people in the world who have not taken a photo of Balanced Rock in Arches National Park. I personally have way too many, and if I never in my life taken another photo of it that will be okay with me, but I decided since we were down there a few weeks back I might as well try to get something a little different, so by catching it with snow around the base at sunrise, before the sun was actually shining directly on it, but putting some colorful light on the clouds, and at an angle that shows what looks like stair steps going up the spine, it might be a little better than what the average tourist's cell phone snap shot looks like.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based historical facts. BEWARE!
Development studies at Grumman for jet-powered fighter aircraft began near the end of World War II as the first jet engines emerged. In a competition for a jet-powered night fighter for the United States Navy, on 3 April 1946 the Douglas F3D Skyknight was selected over Grumman's G-75, a two-seater powered by four Westinghouse J30s. The Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer) also issued a contract to Grumman for two G-75 prototype aircraft on 11 April 1946, in case the Skyknight ran into problems.
However, Grumman soon realized that the G-75 was a dead end. But the company had been working on a completely different day fighter, the G-79, which offered a higher potential. In order to keep Grumman in the US Navy’s procurement loop, BuAer, in a bureaucratic maneuver, did not cancel the G-75 contract, but changed the wording to include prototypes of the entirely different G-79, too.
The G-79 project comprised a total of four different layouts and engine arrangements for a single seat fighter aircraft. G-79A and B were traditional tail sitters, but both featured mixed propulsion for an enhanced performance: G-79A was powered by an R-2800 radial engine and a Rolls Royce Derwent VI jet booster in the tail, fed by a pair of dorsal air intakes behind the cockpit. The G-79B was a similar aircraft, but its primary engine was a General Electric TG-100 turboprop in a more slender nose section. Even though both designs were big aircraft, initial calculations indicated a performance that would be superior to the Grumman F8F Bearcat, which had been designed as a thoroughbred interceptor.
The other two designs were pure jet fighters, both with a tricycle landing gear. G-79C had a layout reminiscent of the Gloster Meteor and was powered by two Derwent VI engines in bulky wing nacelles, and G-79D was finally an overall smaller and lighter aircraft, similar in its outlines to the early Vought F6U Pirate, and powered by a single Nene in the rear fuselage, fed by air intakes in the wing roots.
Since the operation of jet-powered aircraft from carriers was terra incognita for the US Navy, and early turbojets thirsty and slow to react to throttle input, BuAer decided to develop two of Grumman's G-79 designs into prototypes for real life evaluation: one of the conservative designs, as a kind of safe route, and one of the more modern jets.
From the mixed propulsion designs, the turboprop-powered G-79B was chosen (becoming the XF9F-1 'JetCat'), since it was expected to offer a higher performance and development potential than the radial-powered 'A'. From the pure jet designs the G-79D was chosen, because of its simplicity and compact size, and designated XF9F-2 'Panther'.
The first JetCat prototype made its maiden flight on 26 October 1947, but it was only a short airfield circuit since the TG-100 turpoprop failed to deliver full power and the jet booster had not been installed yet. The prototype Panther, piloted by test pilot Corky Meyer, first flew on 21 November 1947 without major problems.
In the wake of the two aircrafts' test program, several modifications and improvements were made. This included an equal armament of four 20mm guns (mounted in the outer, foldable wings on the JetCat and, respectively, in the Panther’s nose). Furthermore, both aircraft were soon armed with underwing HVAR air-to-ground rockets and bombs, and the JetCat even received an underfuselage pylon for the potential carriage of an airborne torpedo. Since there was insufficient space within the foldable wings and the fuselage in both aircraft for the thirsty jet’s fuel, permanently mounted wingtip fuel tanks were added on both aircraft, which incidentally improved the fighters' rate of roll. Both F9F types were cleared for flight from aircraft carriers in September 1949.
The F9F-1 was soon re-engined with an Allison T38 turboprop, which was much more reliable than the TF-100 (in the meantime re-designated XT31) and delivered a slightly higher power output. Another change was made for the booster: the bulky Derwent VI engine from the prototype stage was replaced by a much more compact Westinghouse J34 turbojet, which not only delivered slightly more thrust, it also used up much less internal space which was used for radio and navigation equipment, a life raft and a relocated oil tank. Due to a resulting CG shift towards the nose, the fuselage fuel cell layout had to be revised. As a consequence, the cockpit was moved 3’ backwards, slightly impairing the pilot’s field of view, but it was still superior to the contemporary Vought F4U.
Despite the engine improvements, though, the F9F-1 attained markedly less top speed than the F9F-2. On the other side, it had a better rate of climb and slow speed handling characteristics, could carry more ordnance and offered a considerably bigger range and extended loiter time. The F9F-2 was more agile, though, and more of the nimble dogfighter the US Navy was originally looking for. Its simplicity with just a single engine was appealing, too.
The Panther was eventually favored as the USN's first operational jet day fighter and put into production, but the F9F-1 showed much potential as a fast fighter bomber. Through pressure from the USMC, who was looking for a replacement for its F7F heavy Tigercat fighters, a production order for 50 JetCats was eventually placed, later augmented to 82 aircraft because the US Navy also recognized the type’s potential as a fast, ship-borne multi-role fighter. Further interest came in 1949 from Australia, when the country’s government was looking for a - possibly locally-built in license - replacement for the outdated Mustang Mk 23 and De Havilland Vampire then operated by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). Both Grumman designs were potential contenders, rivalling with the domestic CAC CA-23 fighter development.
The Grumman Panther became the most widely used U.S. Navy jet fighter of the Korean War, flying 78,000 sorties and scoring the first air-to-air kill by the U.S. Navy in the war, the downing of a North Korean Yakovlev Yak-9 fighter. Being rugged aircraft, F9F-2s, -3s and -5s were able to sustain operations, even in the face of intense anti-aircraft fire. The pilots also appreciated the Panther’s air conditioned cockpit, which was a welcome change from the humid environment of piston-powered aircraft.
The F9F-1 did fare less glamorous. Compared with the prototypes, the T38 turboprop's power output could be enhanced on service aircraft, but not on a significant level. The aircraft's original, rather sluggish response to throttle input and its low-speed handling were improved through an eight-blade contraprop, which, as a side benefit, countered torque problems during starts and landings on carriers.
The JetCat’s mixed powerplant installation remained capricious, though, and the second engine and its fuel meant a permanent weight penalty. The aircraft's complexity turned out to be a real weak point during the type's deployment to front line airfields in the Korean War, overall readiness was – compared with conservative types like the F4U and also the F9F-2, low. Despite the turboprop improvements, the jet booster remained necessary for carrier starts and vital in order to take on the MiG-15 or post-war piston engine types of Soviet origin like the Lavochkin La-9 and -11 or the Yakowlev Yak-9.
Frequent encounters with these opponents over Korea confirmed that the F9F-1 was not a “naturally born” dogfighter, but rather fell into the escort fighter or attack aircraft class. In order to broaden the type's duty spectrum, a small number of USMC and USN F9F-1s was modified in field workshops with an APS-6 type radar equipment from F4U-4N night fighters. Similar to the Corsair, the radar dish was carried in a streamlined pod under the outer starboard wing. The guns received flame dampers, and these converted machines, re-designated F9F-1N, were used with mild success as night and all-weather fighters.
However, the JetCat remained unpopular among its flight and ground crews and, after its less-than-satisfactory performance against MiGs, quickly retired. After the end of the Korean War in July 1953, all machines were grounded and by 1954 all had been scrapped. However, the turboprop-powered fighter bomber lived on with the USMC, which ordered the Vought A3U SeaScorpion as successor.
General characteristics:
Crew: 1
Length: 40 ft 5 in (12,31 m)
Wingspan: 43 ft 5 in (13,25 m)
Height: 15 ft 6 3/4 in (4,75 m)
Wing area: 250 ft² (23 m²)
Empty weight: 12,979 lb (5,887 kg)
Gross weight: 24,650 lb (11,181 kg)
Powerplant:
1× Allison T38E turboprop, rated at 2,500 shp (1,863 kW) plus 600 lbf (2.7 kN) residual thrust
1× Westinghouse J34-WE-13 turbojet booster with 3,000 lbf (13.35 kN)
Performance:
Maximum speed: 507 mph (441 kn; 816 km/h) at 30,000 ft (9,100 m)
497 mph (432 kn, 800 km/h) at sea level
Cruise speed: 275 mph (443 km/h; 239 kn) at 30,000 ft (9,100 m)
Stall speed: 74 mph (119 km/h; 64 kn) with flaps
Range: 2,500 mi (2,172 nmi; 4,023 km)
Service ceiling: 47,000 ft (14,000 m)
Rate of climb: 5,300 ft/min (27 m/s)
Wing loading: 71 lb/ft² (350 kg/m²)
Thrust/weight: 0.42
Armament:
4× 20 mm (0.79 in) AN/M3 cannon in the outer, foldable wings with 220 RPG
Underwing hardpoints and provisions to carry combinations of up to 6× 5 " (127 mm) HVAR
missiles and/or bombs on underwing hardpoints, for a total ordnance of 3,000 lb (1,362 kg)
The kit and its assembly:
This is another submission to the Cold War GB at whatifmodelers in early 2018, and rather a spontaneous idea. It was actually spawned after I finished my fictional Gudkov Gu-1 mixed propulsion fighter - while building (using the engine front from an F6F Hellcat) I had the impression that it could also have ended up as a post-war USN fighter design.
A couple of days later, while browsing literature for inspiration, I came across Grumman's G-79 series of designs that eventually led to the F9F Panther - and I was amazed that the 'A' design almost looked like my kitbashed Soviet fighter!
So I considered a repeated build of a P-47D/Supermarine Attacker kitbash, just in American colors. But with the F9F relationship, I planned the integration of Panther parts, so that the new creation would look different from the Gu-1, but also show some (more) similarity to the Panther.
The plan appeared feasible. Again, the aircraft's core is an Academy P-47D, with its outer wings cut off. Cockpit and landing gear were retained. However, instead of Supermarine Attacker wings from a Novo kit, I attached F9F-2 wings from a Hasegawa kit. Shape-wise this worked fine, but the Panther wings are much thinner than the Thunderbolt’s, so that I had to integrate spacers inside of the intersections which deepen the Hasegawa parts. Not perfect, but since the type would feature folding wings, the difference and improvisation is not too obvious.
On the fuselage, the Thunderbolt’s air outlets on its flanks were faired over and most of the tail section cut away. In the lower part of the tail, a jet pipe (from a Heller F-84G) was added and blended with PSR into the Thunderbolt fuselage, similar to the Gu-1. A completely new fin was scratched from an outer wing section from a Heinkel He 189, in an attempt to copy the G-79B's shape according to the drawing I used as benchmark for the build. I also used the F9F's stabilizers. With clipped tips they match well in size and shape, and add to the intended Grumman family look. The original tail wheel well was retained, but the tail wheel was placed as far back as possible and replaced by the twin wheel from a Hasegawa F5U. The Panther’s OOB tail hook was integrated under the jet pipe, too.
The front section is completely different and new, and my choice fell on the turboprop-powered G-79B because I did not want to copy the Gu-1 with its radial engine. However, the new turboprop nose was not less complicated to build. Its basis is a 1:100 engine and contraprop from a VEB Plasticart Tu-20/95 bomber, a frequent ingredient in my builds because it works so well in 1:72 scale. This slender core was attached to the Thunderbolt's fuselage, and around this basis a new cowling was built up with 2C putty, once more in an attempt to mimic the original G-79B design as good as possible.
In order to blend the new engine with the fuselage and come close to the G-79B’s vaguely triangular fuselage diameter, the P-47's deep belly was cut away, faired over with styrene sheet, and everything blended into each other with more PSR work. As a final step, two exhaust pipes were mounted to the lower fuselage in front of the wings’ leading edge.
The air intakes for the jet booster are actually segments from a Sopwith Triplane fuselage (Revell) – an unlikely source, but the shape of the parts was just perfect. More PSR was necessary to blend them into the aircraft’s flanks, though.
Painting and markings:
As per usual, I'd rather go with conservative markings on a fictional aircraft. Matching the Korean War era, the aircraft became all-over FS 35042 (Modelmaster). A black ink wash emphasized the partly re-engraved panel lines, and some post shading highlighted panels.
The wings’ leading edges and the turboprop’s intake were painted with aluminum, similar edges on fin and stabilizers were created with silver decal material. The interior of cockpit and landing gear was painted with green chromate primer.
The markings were puzzled together. “Stars and Bars” and VF-53 markings were taken from a Hobby Boss F4U-4 kit. The blue fin tip is the marking for the 3rd squadron, so that the “307” tactical code is plausible, too (the latter comes from a Hobby Boss F9F-2). In order to keep things subtle and more business-like (after all, the aircraft is supposed to be operated during the ongoing Korean War), I did not carry the bright squadron color to any other position like the spinner or the wing tips.
After some final detail work and gun and exhaust soot stains, the kit was sealed with semi-gloss acrylic varnish (Italeri). Matt acrylic varnish was used for weathering effects, so that the aircraft would not look too clean and shiny.
While it is not a prefect recreation of the Grumman G-79B, I am quite happy with the result. The differences between the model and the original design sketch can be explained through serial production adaptations, and overall the whole thing looks pretty conclusive. In fact, the model appears from certain angles like a naval P-51 on steroids, even though the G-79B was a much bigger aircraft than the Mustang.
“Everything that is beautiful and noble is the product of reason and calculation.” - Charles Baudelaire
Macro Monday project – 05/11/15
"5 (five)”
The New Lid.
If my calculations are correct, I should experience 30-50% more strikes on the lake when wearing this cap.
As I had messed up my calculations, FM36 wasn’t where I thought it would be and I knew the next along would be a 169 I now had a good half hour to wait for FM, I was beginning to feel the cold so it was back to the car just as 17519 passed by towards Chorlton, go on let’s get a photo at the old Maynes Sunnyside stop, proper Droylsden. I passed the bus without a problem and got the desired photo, I chose this stop despite having used the location hundreds of times since the 1970’s, it simply sums up what was once Maynes territory. I turned to get into the car just as FM36 passed by.
LX51FNY. 10th January 2015
Major Mason...NASA's. youngest astronaut... makes final calculations as he instructs his ground crew; "close the hatch grandpa...I 'll wave at you from the moon".
POEM
Lite the fuse!...I'm ready to go
around the moon, then down below.
I'll leave my print, if you don't mind,
in one giant leap for all 'kid-kind'.
Rocks I'll get for grandpa soon; then
take a 'selfie' with the man in the moon.
I'll mine green cheese (if such I find)
and hope it's not the 'stinky'kind!
Then I'll hear Houston say "fire that rocket...point it this way"
So I guess I'll have to head for home,
and promise mom no more to roam