View allAll Photos Tagged biochem
Europe, Portugal, Algarve, Sotavento, Ria Formosa, Salinas, Crates (uncut)
Captured in the salinas of the Olhão-part of the Ria Formosa. These small ponds are not very common. Due to the Halobacterium salinarum a salt loving bacteria - typical for salt pans - the ponds can turn red.
The harvesting method is the same as with the large ones: after the water has evaporated, the crystalized salt is collected by means of long-handled rakes or scrapers and shoveled into bags. After that the bags are placed in the crates on display here for processing and distribution.
This is number 18 of the Faro & Olhão album.
1. Der optische Betrug der Provence:
Das „Geheimnis von Grasse“ Der unbekannte Fakt:
Fast alle gigantischen, wellenförmigen, lila Teppiche, die Touristen auf Instagram und Flickr als „wunderschönen Lavendel“ feiern, sind biologisch absolut kein echter Lavendel! Es ist Lavandin (Lavandula hybrida), eine sterile, künstlich gekreuzte Monstermaschine .
Das getunte Getriebe:
Während der Echte Lavendel mühsam in kargen Höhenlagen wächst und nur winzige Erträge liefert, bringt der im Flachland angebaute Lavandin unbarmherzig die dreifache Erntemenge . Aber halt dich fest: Er riecht scharf nach Kampfer (fast wie Waschbenzin) und hat absolut keine medizinische Wirkung. 99 % aller lila Postkartenmotive zeigen diesen industriellen Klon!
2. Das Skorpion-Abwehrschild im Limes-Kastell .Der unbekannte Fakt:
Die alten römischen Legionäre – genau wie euer erschöpfter Mayer-Krieger auf dem Weg nach Hause – hatten in ihren Marschgepäcken unbarmherzig immer getrockneten Lavendel starr im Nest verriegelt!Die biologische Waffe: Lavendel enthält das brachiale Terpen Linalool. Das ist für das menschliche Auge unsichtbar, wirkt aber auf Spinnentiere und Insekten als mörderisches Nervengift. Wenn die Römer im wilden Germanien ihr Kastell aufschlugen und Zelte bauten , streuten sie Lavendel auf den Boden, um giftige Skorpione, Spinnen und Flöhe im Nu unschädlich zu machen oder zu vertreiben!
3. Der „Todesstoß“ durch überfütterte Löwen .Der unbekannte Fakt:
In den prunkvollen königlichen Menagerien der Renaissance (wie am Hofe von Versailles) gab es ein großes Problem: Die eingesperrten Löwen und Tiger litten durch die üppige Fleischfütterung und den Bewegungsmangel an fiesem, stinkendem Maulgeruch und extremen Magenkrämpfen.Das königliche Zahnrad: Die Wärter mischten den Raubkatzen unbarmherzig hochdosierte Lavendelblüten unter das rohe Fleisch. Die antibakterielle Wirkung tötete die Fäulnisbakterien im Löwenmagen im Keim ab. Lavendel war hochoffiziell das erste "Kaugummi" für königliche Löwen!
4. Die unheimliche Mumien-Konservierung nach 3.000 Jahren
Der unbekannte Fakt:
Als der Archäologe Howard Carter im Jahr 1922 das unbefleckte Grab des Pharaos Tutanchamun im Zement der Ewigkeit öffnete, stieß das Expeditionsteam auf verschlossene Tonkrüge mit einer zähen, schwarzen Masse .Die chemische Ewigkeit: Es handelte sich um 3.000 Jahre alte Salben auf Lavendelbasis. Das Verrückte: Durch die extreme Konservierungskraft des ätherischen Öls war der biochemische Zerfall so unbarmherzig blockiert, dass Carter beim Öffnen der Amphoren immer noch einen ganz zarten, herben, unverkennbaren Hauch von Lavendel riechen konnte! Lavendel überdauert Jahrtausende im Lot.
»Partikel des Internets, schillernde Schrift, ungreifbar. Alte Erkenntnisse perlen an ihr ab, und doch trägt sie die Mythologie ganzer Kulturen und erzeugt tief verwurzelte Reflexe.«
Wie durchlässig sind wir, wie absorbierend? Pamela Rosenkranz begreift Menschen als Membranen. Für ihre Ausstellungen wählt sie eindringliche Mittel. Im Kunsthaus Bregenz antwortet sie auf dessen Architektur. Peter Zumthor sucht phänomenologische Wirkungen: Licht, Schall, Kühle, Empfindlichkeit und Befinden spielen eine bedeutsame Rolle. Pamela Rosenkranz hinterfragt die Vergewisserung des authentischen Erlebens. Reine Erfahrung gibt es ebenso wenig wie Immunität gegen unsichtbare Existenzen. Dies ist in Zeiten einer Pandemie nicht zu leugnen. Menschsein ist osmotisch und künstlich modelliert.
Wie gotische Fenster hängen Lichtquellen in den Räumen. An den Vorderseiten zeigen sie Farbflächen in intensivem Blau. Es sind keine Bilder im gewöhnlichen Sinn, eher Glasfenster aus gesättigtem Licht, die sich wie Sedimente in dem Raum aus Glas und Beton gebildet haben. Bildschirme schimmern, geben Tiefe. Blau ist die Farbe der Kontemplation. Wir assoziieren Kühle, Grenzenlosigkeit, Sehnsucht. In vielen Religionen ist die Farbe Blau Symbol für Aufstieg und Erlösung. Doch Farben sind auch physikalische Ereignisse. Sie sind messbare Längen, die sich mit der Entwicklung des Sehsinns unter Wasser in prähistorischer Zeit verbinden. Rosenkranz betreibt Ästhetik als Grundlagenforschung des Sinnlichen. Damit steht sie den Experimenten der Spätimpressionisten näher als Yves Klein, der monochrom blaue Gemälde gemalt und die Farbe »verdinglicht« hat (Rosenkranz), als er sie patentieren ließ.
Was sind Farbe und Licht? Wie entstehen Gerüche und wie verhalten sich ihre Rezeptoren? Wie werden Schall und Vibrationen registriert? Und kann ein Gebäude nicht ähnlich einem Lebewesen Erfahrungen sammeln und bewahren, zum Beispiel Temperaturschwankungen, Feuchtigkeitsgrade, Erschütterungen? Akustische Schwingungen können sich verflüchtigen, aber nicht verschwinden. Ähnliches gilt für neurologische Durchdringungen und biochemische Substanzen, die nicht abbaubar sind. Menschen sind nicht länger souveräne, sondern synthetische Subjekte. Das Durchmengen von technischen und natürlichen Substanzen deutet Rosenkranz durch Situationen der Verunklärung an. Folien schimmern, Schallwellen vibrieren, Luftfeuchtigkeit wabert und ein archaischer Geruch, der künstlich hergestellt ist, durchzieht die Räume. Alles fließt, diese uralte philosophische Beobachtung gewinnt durch die Einwanderung des Künstlichen neue Aktualität.
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blastula stekelhuidige foto: Wim van Egmond....
T's sister J is finishing her senior year with a biochem degree, we are all so proud of her. J has shown, throughout the last four years that she has a stellar sense of humor.
Tonight, when her brother wouldn't "give her attention" and get off the phone-he was talking to his girlfiiend-she sent him this picture.
This is a Blastula. It is the anus. It is apparently the first thing formed in the cellular process of reproduction. J informed me that some species form the mouth first, but the human species forms the anus first.
Go figure.
J's present to T, this holiday season, will certainly be interesting. I'm going to go now and laugh my blastula off, as I regularly do, because of my kids.
Portugal, Algarve, Sotavento, Ria Formosa, Tavira, Salina (uncut)
A salina (salt pan) with a small dike and sluice near the bank of the tidal Gilhão river between Tavira and Quatro Äguas. The salina is operated by the Rui Simeão Tavira Sal sea salt works .
After Dirk's question about the colour I did some googlin' and found out that it's due to the Halobacterium salinarum a salt loving bacteria - typical for salt pans.
The soundtrack: Fado dos olhos- Katia Guireiro. She's alas not much known outside Portugal and perhaps the most 'classic' contemporary fadista. And the pure way she projects emotion lets hardly no one untouched (and no, Katia Guireiro isn't blind - that would be a tad unpractical being a physician - she only performs with her eyes closed).
54/365
A quick photo today, just because I have a whole lot of chemistry and biology to get done. I am always rather proud of the neatness of my skeletal structures and diagrams that I draw in my lab book, and to tell the truth, I spend more time on the drawing than I do on the write-up.
I fear it will be a long night doing this. At least I understand the biology.
Shambhala
HKD
Gibt es Shambhala, das buddhistische Paradies?
Shambhala ist ein mythisches Königreich (im buddhistischen Kulturraum) in dem eine erleuchtete Gesellschaft einen ebenso erleuchteten König hat. Selbstverständlich führt er den Willen des Volkes aus, denn sein Wille ist identisch mit dem des Volkes. Das ergibt keine Probleme, denn der Grad der Bewusstheit ist bei allen Beteiligten auf demselben Niveau.
Im Zustand des „Einheitsbewusstseins“ ist sich jeder gleichzeitig der Einheit bewusst, das heißt die Trennung oder Individualität ist für den Augenblick aufgehoben, weil jeder den anderen aus tiefster Erkenntnis heraus ebenfalls als göttliche Erscheinungsform erkennt.
Der Bewusstseinszustand der Einheit aber verliert sich langsam wieder und sinkt auf die Egoebene, die Ebene der Trennung und der Vielheit.
Die erste Stufe der Vielheit auf der Subjektebene ist für mich jene Stufe auf der das Bewusstsein sich noch als Gottheit erkennt. Es ist vergleichbar mit dem Bewusstsein darüber welches Softwareprogramm die Abläufe im Computer steuert. Welches Programm läuft in mir ab: Dionysos oder Apollon? Oder bin ich eher eine Aphrodite und meine Handlungen werden von eher sinnlichen statt rationalen Begierden bestimmt?
Auf dieser (Götter-) Ebene herrscht noch ausreichend Bewusstsein und Bewusstheit darüber, dass man „göttlichen Ursprungs“ ist. Sich selbst und den anderen als Gottheit wahrzunehmen erzeugt gegenseitigen Respekt.
Namaste, der Gruß, den ich in Nepal und in Indien hörte, ist sinngemäß gleichbedeutend mit der Übersetzung: Das Göttliche in mir grüßt das Göttliche in dir.
Den anderen Menschen als Gottheit wahrzunehmen ist die erste Stufe auf dem Weg ins paradiesische Shambhala, in dem der König keinen eigenen (Ego-) Willen dem (ebenfalls egolosen) Volke aufzwingen könnte.
Gleichberechtigung ist der springende Punkt in der dennoch rivalisierenden Götterwelt. Die Kraft des Verstandes (Apollo) kämpft gegen die sinnliche Lust (Aphrodite).
In der Star-Trek-Serie Voyager kämpft der vulkanische Logiker Tuvok im Ponfar (Brunftzeit der Vulkanier) mit allen Mitteln gegen den Ausbruch seiner freudianischen Libido. Hier zeigt sich der Kampf des Logos gegen den Eros sehr deutlich innerhalb der Psyche.
Wer oder was gibt den Impuls zu dem biochemischen Ungleichgewicht? Die eigene Seele, die nicht zu verwechseln ist mit dem Ego. Das alltägliche Bewusstsein (Ego) hat nämlich die Stufe der „eigenen Göttlichkeit“ verlassen und fühlt sich daher auch von Gott verlassen.
Kehrt die Seele zurück, erlöst sie das im Wahn der Trennung befindliche Ego. Der Wahn des Egos und mit diesem die Angst lösen sich auf im Urvertrauen der zurückgekehrten Seele.
Kinder schwimmen in diesem Urvertrauen und Weise, die wieder geworden sind wie die Kinder.
Und schon ist das Paradies der Kindheit wieder da. Der selige, unschuldige und damit paradiesische Zustand verzaubert die alltägliche Welt und da taucht Shambhala aus den Nebeln des Vergessens wieder auf und die goldenen Zinnen funkeln in der aufbrechenden Morgensonne.
Und nun ist der ganze Lebensweg erkennbar: Paradies – Vertreibung – Rückweg – Zurück im Paradies (der Kindheit).
Pilger, die Shambhala oder das Paradies suchen sind auf dem Rückweg. Gibt es Shambhala wirklich? Meine Antwort ist Ja, und der Weg lohnt sich. Du erkennst dich!
HKD
Digital art based on own photography and textures
HKD
one of my favs from the wedding this weekend..
this bride has 2 Masters degree and also has a PHD in biochem.. does work in genetics field for a seed company..
but talking to her you would have never known.. she was so down to earth!
lighting here was 3 speed lights
1. 430 EXII @ 1/32 power bare triggered by the cactus V5 system
2. 550 @ 1/64 power bare triggered by cactus V5 system
3. 580EXII on top of camera set to 1/32 power
magical settings was:
5DMKII
1/80
ISO 1000
F2.0
Tony Cragg, der Sohn eines Piloten und Elektroingenieurs in der Luftfahrtindustrie, arbeitete nach dem Abitur zunächst als Praktikant bei einem biochemischen Forschungsunternehmen, bevor er sich der Kunst zuwandte. Er nahm sein Studium am Gloucestershire College of Art and Design auf, besuchte anschließend die Malklasse der Wimbledon School of Art, bevor er 1973 an das Royal College of Art in London wechselte.
Während seines Studiums verlagerte sich Tony Craggs Interesse vom Malerischen zum Plastischen, so spannte er Netze aus geknoteten Kordeln über Alltagsgegenstände. Seine Bekanntschaft mit Konzept-Künstler Richard Long beeinflusste sein Schaffen in dieser Periode. Auf seinen „Erkundungsreisen“ durch die freie Natur und auf Deponien sammelte Tony Cragg Gegenstände, die ihm als Material und als Anregung für neue Arbeiten dienten: Zivilisationsmüll trifft auf natürliche Materialien.
1976 nahm er einen Lehrauftrag an der Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Metz an. Ein Jahr später zog er nach Wuppertal, das auch heute noch sein Wohnsitz ist. Zwei Jahre lebte er völlig zurückgezogen, um sich 1979 mit der Arbeit „New Stones, Newton’s Tones“ – einem Mosaik aus bunten, farblich geordneten und auf dem Boden ausgebreiteten Plastikstücken – in der Kunstszene zurückzumelden.
In den 80er Jahren war er auf vielen bedeutenden internationalen Ausstellungen vertreten. So zum Beispiel auf der documenta 7 und 8 in Kassel und auf fünf Biennalen in Venedig, Sao Paulo und Sydney. Mitte der 1980er Jahre zeichnete sich erneut eine Wende in Tony Craggs Werk ab: Objekte der Plastikära werden durch raumgreifende Bronzeplastiken ersetzt. 1988 erhielt er den Turner-Preis. Seit Ende der 1980er Jahre widmet sich Tony Cragg auch der Zeichnung.
Ab 1979 lehrte er an der Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, seit 1988 als Professor, um im Jahr 2001 als Professor für Bildhauerei an der Hochschule der Künste in Berlin zu beginnen. Seit 1994 ist er Mitglied an der Royal Academy of Arts, London, und seit 2002 Mitglied der Akademie der Künste, Berlin. Außerdem wurde er im selben Jahr in den Stand eines Commander of the British Empire (CBE) erhoben. Er war Prorektor und seit 2009 Rektor der Kunstakademie Düsseldorf; in dieser Funktion folgte er Markus Lüpertz. Am 1. August 2013 gab er das Amt an Rita McBride ab.
2009 wurde Anthony Cragg in die Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Künste gewählt.
Aus WIKIPEDIA
The Unreachable
HKD
Falls Psychologie interessiert:
Ich wäre gern anders. Warum schaffe ich das nicht?
Wünsche, vor allem unerfüllbare können sehr lästig sein.
Als Kind wollte ich so sein, wie mein Vater. Das schaffte ich aber nicht. Dann wollte ich Pilot werden und schaffte das auch nicht. Im Verlauf meines Lebens sank ich auf den Status eines Versagers oder Pechvogels und hatte im Kreis der Erfolgreichen nicht viel aufzuweisen. Wie gern hätte ich dazu gehört. Darum sehnte ich mich nach gewissen Talente und Umständen, die der Wirklichkeit nicht entsprachen.
Aus meiner heutigen Sicht weiß ich, dass ich mir den Erfolg im alltäglichen Leben versagte. Mein Geist sollte sich nicht zu tief in Äußerlichkeiten verstricken, in Ämter, Posten und im Kampf um dieselben. Doch dieses Wissen besaß ich damals nicht und auch nicht, aus welcher Quelle die quälenden Sehnsüchte entsprangen, die mich von einer erfolgreichen Rolle und besseren Verhältnissen träumen ließen.
Ich sehnte mich nach etwas Unerreichbarem, weil eine Kraft in mir das wollte, eine Kraft, deren Ursprung ich in meinem Inneren lokalisierte.
Ich erkannte, dass ich keine bewusste Kontrolle über meine Sehnsucht hatte und fand daher Konzepte interessant, dass Götter, Geister oder Dämonen für die unerwünschten emotionalen Eingebungen verantwortlich seien. Doch wenn es Engel und Dämonen gibt, dachte ich, wer ist dann ihr Befehlshaber?
Manche Religionen schlagen vor, dass die freundlichen Engel Gesandte Gottes sind und die Dämonen direkt dem Teufel unterstehen.
Die Vorstellung einer kosmischen Ordnung auf dieser Basis hielt lange in meinem Verstand an, doch die weitere psychologische Entwicklung ließ mich erkennen, dass Neigungen und Abneigungen, Wünsche und Sehnsüchte autonome emotionale Komplexe in mir sind, die im Zusammenhang mit der Ausschüttung von Hormonen und Neurotransmittern in meinem Körper stehen.
Die Vorstellung von einem Geschlechtstrieb löste die Engel und Dämonen ab. Ein biochemisches Ungleichgewicht sorgte demnach für meine heftigen Begierden.
Doch wieder bemerkte ich, dass ich keinen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die chemischen Prozesse in mir hatte. Immer noch konnte ich mich nicht mit meinem So-Sein abfinden und hoffte, mit Tabletten anders, besser sein zu können, als ich war. Nach einer gewissen Zeit stellte ich den Versuch pharmakologischer Manipulationen ein.
Im weiteren Verlauf fand ich heraus, dass die Sehnsucht besser und anders sein zu wollen Ausdruck eines autonomen Willens ist.
Unzufriedenheit mit dem Bestehenden, das Streben nach Höherem, Besserem, der Wille zum Sieg erkenne ich schließlich als den Antrieb zur Selbsterkenntnis und zum Leben selbst.
Selbsterkenntnis zeigt mir: Der Wille, eine Existenz zu führen, ein Leben zu haben ist der Ursprung meines Strebens nach etwas Unerreichbarem. Das Unerreichbare kann aus Objekten, Personen oder Beziehungen bestehen, was es ist, spielt keine Rolle. Solange etwas existiert, nach dem ich mich vergeblich sehne, so lange bin ich lebendig.
Aber kann es dann niemals zu einer inneren Entspannung kommen? Doch. Die Lösung ist Humor. Ich akzeptiere für den Rest meines Lebens, dass es immer etwas gibt, nach dem ich mich sehne. Ohne Wünsche kein Leben. Der wunschlose Zustand des Geistes stellte sich dennoch schließlich ein, ganz von allein, unterbrochen nur noch gelegentlich von Begehren, von einem Begehren, dass ich genießen kann und nicht mehr verurteilen muss.
Ich bin mit allen guten und schlechten Eigenschaften in mir versöhnt und glücklich, dass ich nichts mehr bekämpfen oder verändern muss. Freiheit von dem Zwang besser sein zu wollen stellte sich ein über das Wissen über die Relativität von richtig und falsch. Warum sollte ich besser werden, wenn ich nicht wirklich im Voraus weiß, was das Beste ist? Ach ja, der Komplex ist autonom und ich kann nicht anders als nach Verbesserung zu streben. Schließlich geht es um das Leben selbst…
HKD
Digital art based on own photography and textures
HKD
Dieser Text ist auch zu hören auf meinem neuen Video bei YouTube – Link:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1lLE6nmOZc
HKD
Portugal, Algarve, Sotavento, Ria Formosa, Tavira, Santa Luzia, Salina (uncut)
A salina (salt pan) with its sea salt production facility near Santa Luzia. The salina is operated by the Rui Simeão Tavira Sal sea salt works .
The red colour is due to the Halobacterium salinarum a salt loving bacteria - typical for salt pans.
A double soundtrack: Margarida Guerreiro - Sal e mel and Mafalda Arnauth - O Mar fala de ti.
Hooray! A science bench for Barbie. The Bunsen burner is attached. Love the goggles, stool, and sink. I've been planning a biochem lab in my mind for a while so these accessories will help. They all have those stupid anchor attachments though - even the computer. I've been gathering glassware (jewelry findings) and have some cardboard just right for science cabinets. I've got science coats and microscopes. Now, just need to focus.
Just found this at Walmart
Europe, Portugal, Algarve, Sotavento, Ria Formosa, Tavira-Santa Luzia, Salinas, Salt worker, Tractor. (uncut)
Harvest work at the salinas (salt pans) operated by Rui Simeão Tavira Sal sea salt works .
The red colour of the water and some of the salt is due to the Halobacterium salinarum a salt loving bacteria - typical for salt pans.
Check out the soundtrack : Milton Nacimento-Cancão de Sal.
Eine oder zwei Umarmungen am Tag lösen biochemische Reaktionen in uns aus und verändern unseren Hormonhaushalt. Wir kommen besser mit Stress, Angst und Depressionen klar.
Vote to make this a real LEGO set! ideas.lego.com/projects/118422
Additional images, including minifigures: flic.kr/s/aHskmkvuWw
If the set gets 10,000 votes of support from the public, LEGO will consider selling it in stores, so.... please vote and pass it on!
This textile cone shell is the first one I've found - it wasn't alive
The pattern on the shell is a bit like batik, and the snail that lives in it is venomous. If these shells are still inhabited, it is best to leave it alone as their sting is toxic. Collecting live specimens requires a permit grimwade.biochem.unimelb.edu.au/cone/index1.html
Europe, Portugal, Algarve, Sotavento, Ria Formosa, Tavira-Santa Luzia, Salinas, Salt workers (uncut)
Harvesting work at the salinas (salt pans) operated by Rui Simeão Tavira Sal sea salt works .
The red colour of the water and some of the salt is due to the Halobacterium salinarum a salt loving bacteria - typical for salt pans.
Check out the soundtrack : Milton Nacimento-Cancão de Sal.
gak-bremen.de/veranstaltungen/23v_joosten-mueller_de/
Von Reaktionsräumen wird in der Biologie gesprochen, wenn es um sogenannte Zellkompartimente geht – um abgeschlossene Räume innerhalb von Zellen, in denen spezielle biochemische Reaktionen ablaufen können (Horn et al.: 2020). Auch in Laboren gebräuchliche Glasapparaturen können als abgeschlossene, gläserne Räume, in denen kontrollierte chemische Reaktionen stattfinden, beschrieben werden. Der Begriff „gläsern“ – zwischen materieller Eigenschaft und metaphorischer Bedeutung – spielt in der Vermittlung von wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen durch Objekte eine zentrale Rolle; insbesondere als Symbol der Sichtbarmachung von für die menschlichen Sinne sonst verborgenen Welten. Die Untersuchung von drei historischen, post-museologischen Artefakten, welche die Idee einer „gläsernen Zelle“ verkörpern, bildet einen wichtigen Teil des Dissertationsprojektes von Joosten Mueller. Er forscht mit dem Fokus auf die bewegten Biographien von Objekten und den Herausforderungen, die ihnen am Ende ihres Lebens in musealen Kontexten begegnen: Sie altern, veralten, verstummen, werden unsichtbar, zerfallen, verschwinden. Die Installationsarbeit von Joosten Mueller definiert den abgeschlossenen Ausstellungsraum als einen solchen gläsernen Reaktionsraum, in dem Aspekte historischer Artefakte aufeinandertreffen – und so einen Ort der erlebbaren Wiederentdeckung schaffen.
Umgesetzt in Zusammenarbeit mit Roswitha Krebs-Goldbecker, Glastechnische Werkstatt, Universität Bremen.
Feel free to use this image, just link to www.enzymlogic.com. Work done with the molecular visualization VMD program developed at the University of Illinois: www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd/
Alzheimer's is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting in memory loss and decline in cognitive abilities. Accumulation of extracellular beta amyloidal plaques is one of the major pathology associated with this disease. β-Secretase, or BACE-1, performs the initial and rate limiting step of amyloidic pathway in which 37-43 amino acid long peptides are generated which aggregate to form plaques. Distinctive role of BACE-1 in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis has made it a validated target to develop anti-Alzheimer agents.
This publication characterizes 10 BACE-1 inhibitors in terms of their association and dissociation rate constants. Rate constants of association (kon) ranged from a low of 2.42×104 M-1s-1 to the highest value of 8.3×105 M1s-1. Rate constants of dissociation (koff) ranged from 1.09×10-4 s-1 (corresponding to a residence time of close to three hours), to the fastest of 0.028 s-1. To evaluate a possible selectivity advantage, researches assessed the binding and kinetic selectivity against CAT-D and BACE-1. CAT-D is an aspartyl protease with homology to BACE-1. Due to the role that CAT-D performs in lysosomal function, a BACE-1 inhibitor profile devoid of CAT-D activity would be highly desired. In general, affinities of inhibitors to BACE-1 were 20–1200 fold times more potent compared to CAT-D. The association rate of inhibitors to CAT-D was similar to the association rate determinations for BACE-1. However, inhibitors exhibited a slower dissociation rate constant (up to 970-fold) when bound to BACE-1 than to CAT-D, conferring an interesting temporal selectivity towards BACE-1.
These results led to the selection of three compounds for further thermodynamic and structural analysis. These compounds showed a compelling mode of binding. The equilibrium binding was enthalpy driven while unfavorable entropy of binding was observed. Moreover, the structural analysis revealed that upon ligand binding, the BACE-1 flap (a highly flexible hairpin loop) folds down over the bound ligand causing an induced fit. In contrast, the flap in CAT-D is folded down over the binding site, remaining unchanged upon ligand binding.
Ref: Mondal Kalyani et al. (2013) Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 441(2):291-6.
I'm so tired of studying for my biochemistry test on Wednesday, so I decided to download this new app, Vscocam. It's really cool! Love the vintage effect it adds to the photos!
As you can see, my camera is waiting for me to pick it up and take some pictures. But I don't have time :( ...except for this nonsense I'm doing right now, but it's just easier to procrastinate on the iPhone, and quicker :P. If I used my camera, I would probably end up downloading all the photos, and spend hours on Lightroom. I think all these things out!
Haha anyways, back to biochem!
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Trout Lodge, YMCA of the Ozarks.
Shot when going to 3B retreat (Biochem, Chemical biology and biophysics) with my rotation labmates.
There's a beautiful lake.
I know these kinds of shots have probably become cliche, but i have always been fascinated by the wonderful colors in the sky during the sunset and also with the clouds. I took this after ditching my biochem class lol!
Our advisor didn't receive Volume 1, but did get Volume 2. I wonder what we missed!
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Islamic Creationist and a Book Sent Round the World
By CORNELIA DEAN, July 17, 2007 (NYT)
Correction Appended
In the United States, opposition to the teaching of evolution in public schools has largely been fueled by the religious right, particularly Protestant fundamentalism.
Now another voice is entering the debate, in dramatic fashion.
It is the voice of Adnan Oktar of Turkey, who, under the name Harun Yahya, has produced numerous books, videos and DVDs on science and faith, in particular what he calls the “deceit” inherent in the theory of evolution. One of his books, “Atlas of Creation,” is turning up, unsolicited, in mailboxes of scientists around the country and members of Congress, and at science museums in places like Queens and Bemidji, Minn.
At 11 x 17 inches and 12 pounds, with a bright red cover and almost 800 glossy pages, most of them lavishly illustrated, “Atlas of Creation” is probably the largest and most beautiful creationist challenge yet to Darwin’s theory, which Mr. Yahya calls a feeble and perverted ideology contradicted by the Koran.
In bowing to Scripture, Mr. Yahya resembles some fundamentalist creationists in the United States. But he is not among those who assert that Earth is only a few thousand years old. The principal argument of “Atlas of Creation,” advanced in page after page of stunning photographs of fossil plants, insects and animals, is that creatures living today are just like creatures that lived in the fossil past. Ergo, Mr. Yahya writes, evolution must be impossible, illusory, a lie, a deception or “a theory in crisis.”
In fact, there is no credible scientific challenge to the theory of evolution as an explanation for the complexity and diversity of life on earth.
The book caused a stir earlier this year when a French translation materialized at high schools, universities and museums in France. Until then, creationist literature was relatively rare in France, according to Armand de Ricqles, a professor of historical biology and evolutionism at the College de France. Scientists spoke out against the book, he said in an e-mail message, and “thanks to the highly centralized public school system in France, it was possible to organize that the books sent to lycées would not be made available to children.”
So far, no similar response is emerging in the United States. “In our country we are used to nonsense like this,” said Kevin Padian, an evolutionary biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, who, like colleagues there, found a copy in his mailbox.
He said people who had received copies were “just astounded at its size and production values and equally astonished at what a load of crap it is.
“If he sees a picture of an old fossil crab or something, he says, ‘See, it looks just like a regular crab, there’s no evolution,’ ” Dr. Padian said. “Extinction does not seem to bother him. He does not really have any sense of what we know about how things change through time.”
Kenneth R. Miller, a biologist at Brown University, said he and his colleagues in the life sciences had all received copies. When he called friends at the University of Colorado and the University of Chicago, they had the books too, he said. Scientists at Brigham Young University, the University of Connecticut, the University of Georgia and others have also received them.
“I think he must have sent it to every full professor in the medical school,” said Kathryn L. Calame, a microbiologist at the Columbia University medical school who received a copy. “The genetics department, the biochem department, micro — everybody I talked to had it.”
While they said they were unimpressed with the book’s content, recipients marveled at its apparent cost. “If you went into a bookstore and saw a book like this, it would be at least $100,” said Dr. Miller, an author of conventional biology texts. “The production costs alone are astronomical. We are talking millions of dollars.”
Fatih Sen, who heads the United States office of Global Impex, a company that markets Islamic books, gifts and other products, including “Atlas,” would not comment on its distribution, except to describe the book as “great” and refer questions to the publisher, Global Publishing of Istanbul. Repeated attempts by telephone and e-mail to reach the concern, or Mr. Yahya, were unsuccessful.
In the book and on his Web site (www.harunyahya.com), Mr. Yahya says he was born in Ankara in 1956, and grew up and was educated in Turkey. He says he seeks to unmask what the book calls “the imposture of evolutionists” and the links between their scientific views and modern evils like fascism, communism and terrorism. He says he hopes to encourage readers “to open their minds and hearts and guide them to become more devoted servants of God.”
He adds that he seeks “no material gain” from his publications, most of which are available free or at relatively low cost.
Who finances these efforts is “a big question that no one knows the answer to,” said another recipient, Taner Edis, a physicist at Truman State University in Missouri who studies issues of science and religion, particularly Islam. Dr. Edis grew up in a secular household in Turkey and has lived in the United States since enrolling in graduate school at Johns Hopkins, where he earned his doctorate in 1994. He said Mr. Yahya’s activities were usually described in the Turkish press as financed by donations. “But what that can mean is anybody’s guess,” he said.
The effort seems particularly odd given the mailing list. Both Dr. Padian and Dr. Miller testified for the plaintiffs in the Dover, Penn., lawsuit that successfully challenged the teaching of intelligent design, an ideological cousin of creationism, in schools there. Other recipients include Steve Rissing, a biologist at Ohio State University who has been active on behalf of school board candidates who support the teaching of evolution and science museums that accept evolution as the foundation for modern biology.
“I don’t know what to make of it, quite honestly,” said Laddie Elwell, the director of the Headwaters Science Center in Bemidji, Minn., which she said received a dozen copies. Chuck Deeter, a staff member, said he and his colleagues might use the books’ fossil photographs in their programs on Darwin, which he said can be a hard sell in a region where many people are fundamentalist Christians with creationist beliefs.
Support for creationism is also widespread among Muslims, said Dr. Edis, whose book “An Illusion of Harmony: Science and Religion in Islam” was published by Prometheus Books this spring.
“Taken at face value, the Koran is a creationist text,” he said, adding that it would be difficult to find a scholar of Islam “who is going to be gung-ho about Darwin.”
Perhaps as a result, he said, Mr. Yahya’s books and other publications have won him attention in Islamic areas. “This is a guy with some influence,” Dr. Edis said, “unfortunately for mainstream science.”
Dr. Miller agreed. He said he regularly received e-mail messages from people questioning evolution, with an increasing number coming from Turkey, Lebanon and other areas in the Middle East, most citing Mr. Yahya’s work.
That’s troubling, he said, because Mr. Yahya’s ideas “cast evolution as part of the corrupting influence of the West on Islamic culture, and that promotes a profound anti-science attitude that is certainly not going to help the Islamic world catch up to the West.”
As the scientists ponder what to do with the book — for many, it is too beautiful for the trash bin but too erroneous for their shelves — they also speculate about the motives of its distributors.
“My hypothesis is, like all creationists, they believe that they have a startling truth that the public has been shielded from, and that if they present the facts, in quotation marks, that the scales will fall from the eyes and the charade of evolution will be revealed,” said Eugenie Scott, director of the National Center for Science Education, which fights the teaching of creationism in public schools. “These people are really serious about this.”
That may be, Dr. Miller said, but it’s also possible “that Harun Yahya and his people have decided that there are plenty of Muslim people in the United States who need to hear this message.”
In his e-mail message, Dr. de Ricqles said some worried that the book was directed at the Muslim population of France as a strategy to “destabilize” poor, predominantly immigrant suburbs “where a large population of youngsters of Moslem faith would be an ideal target for propaganda.”
But despite its wide distribution, Dr. Padian predicted that the book would have little impact in the United States. “We are used to books that are totally wrongheaded about science and confuse science and religion,” he said. “That’s politics.”
Correction: July 21, 2007
An article in Science Times on Tuesday about the widespread distribution of “Atlas of Creation,” a book with an Islamic creationist point of view, misstated the name of a company that shipped some of the books. It is SBS Worldwide Ltd., not SDS Worldwide.
Distance not only gives nostalgia, but perspective, and maybe objectivity.
- Robert Morgan
Taking a little breather. Need open air
My amazing roommate printed out all these photos for me! And with the pluses, I am officially caught up! :D
This was taken the day after my biochem exam and the day before my microbio one. LOL. Oh academia... one more midterm left but still taking it easy this week finally...
Cheers,
PS. I made a blogspot
and don't forget to check out my facebook fanpage :)
Curcumina naturale: integratore di curcuma
Curcumina ad alta biodisponibilità e coenzima Q10
Perchè utilizzare l' integratore di curcuma Brain Oil
Solo da noi : un integratore di curcumina ad alta disponibilità, (con brevetto depositato) grazie al burro di cacao e la piperina, integrato con coenziama Q10, Ashwagandha e Centella asiatica
Una cosa importante da controllare quando scegli un integratore a base di curcuma, è l'effettiva biodisponibilità della curcumina. Secondo uno studio l'ideale è assumere la curcuma in combinazione con un grasso (in Brain oil abbiamo usato il burro di cacao) e la piperina (costituente del pepe lungo e del pepe nero), quest'ultimo in rapporto 1:100 determina un aumento della biodisponibilità della curcumina di 20 volte. Questo effetto è attribuito alla capacità della piperina di inibire il metabolismo intestinale e la glucoronidazione epatica.
Il livello di protezione dipende dalla quantità di curcumina assunta giornalmente e dalla sua biodisponibilità. Per quanto riguarda la quantità, 4 capsule di Brainoil contengono ben 1.000 mg di curcuminoidi altamente biodisponibili. Come innanzi accennato, la biodisponibilità della curcumina viene ottenuta in parte con l'ausilio della piperina, su cui esiste una consolidata letteratura, ed in parte con una tecnologia produttiva esclusiva e con brevetto depositato, che consiste nell'unire a calore moderato la Curcumina e gli altri estratti di Brainoil al burro di cacao e granulare il composto così ottenuto. Tale granulato viene poi ripartito nelle capsule. Grazie a questo procedimento la curcumina si trova immersa in una matrice lipidica, rappresentata dal burro di cacao, che è solida dentro la capsula, ma torna liquida col calore del corpo umano. La curcumina ritrova così la sua ottimale stabilità ed è prontamente assorbita come nelle tradizionali formule ayurvediche in cui si usa il burro chiarificato (ghee), ottimo mezzo per l'assorbimento ma poco stabile e molto delicato.
Le benefiche proprietà della curcuma
La curcuma, la spezia che dà il colore giallo al curry, è la pianta più potente del pianeta nel combattere molte malattie. Ha talmente tante proprietà curative che sono stati pubblicati più di 6200 articoli che riguardano i benefici che apportano sia la curcuma che la curcumina, uno dei suoi componenti più rinomati.
Questo fa salire la curcuma in cima alla lista delle piante medicinali più menzionate di tutta la storia, accanto ad erbe molto popolari come aglio, cannella, ginseng, zenzero e cardo mariano.
Le scoperte più interessanti che sono state fatte grazie agli oltre 6000 studi che sono stati condotti, sono quelle che comparano i benefici della curcuma a quelli di farmaci usati comunemente.
Benefici della curcuma
Esaminando gli studi, i benefici della curcuma possono essere comparati a 10 categorie di farmaci:
Farmaci anti-infiammatori
Anti-depressivi
Chemioterapici
Anti-coagulanti
Antidolorifici
Anti-diabetici
Farmaci per l'artite
Farmaci contro la sindrome dell'intestino irritabile
Farmaci per abbassare il colesterolo
Steroidi
Neuroprotettivi
Ora andiamo più a fondo per capire come la curcuma possa essere un rimedio naturale a specifiche malattie.
Anche se la lista sarebbe molto più lunga, abbiamo selezionato 10 farmaci che possono essere confrontati con la curcuma, ma l'aspetto principale è che la curcuma non presenta effetti collaterali.
Azione Anti-coagulante
I medici generalmente prescrivono i farmaci anticoagulanti per rallentare e prevenire la formazione di coaguli di sangue, sfortunatamente per le persone con condizioni trattate con questi farmaci (es. trombosi venosa o embolia polmonare), questo approccio genera effetti collaterali come eccessivo sanguinamento ed emorragia si sommano ad altri come mal di testa e difficoltà respiratorie.
La curcuma al contrario non ha praticamente effetti collaterali, tranne nel caso in cui si assuma in grandissime quantità.
Grazie a svariati studi dalla metà degli anni '80 in poi , la curcumina è stata consigliata dai ricercatori come migliore opzione per le persone con trombosi.
Azione Anti-depressiva
Anche se sono stati condotti pochi studi sull'uomo, decine di ricerche su animali hanno dimostrato che la curcuma è molto efficace per migliorare i sintomi della depressione.
Riguardo a questo argomento, il "Journal Phytotherapy Research" ha pubblicato i risultati di uno studio innovativo. Allo studio hanno partecipato 60 volontari a cui è stata diagnosticata una depressione maggiore (MDD), come la depressione maniacale, ed hanno diviso il gruppo in 3 parti: i trattati con curcumina, con un noto antidepressivo (vedi bigliografia) e con una combinazione dei due.
Non solo è stato scoperto che per tutti i pazienti la curcumina era ben tollerata, ma che era efficace tanto quanto il farmaco antidepressivo nel trattare la depressione.
Secondo gli autori, "Lo studio fornisce la prima evidenza clinica che la curcumina può essere una terapia sicura ed efficace per il trattamento di pazienti con una leggera depressione. "
Azione Anti-infiammatoria
E' interessante sapere che l'aspetto più potente della curcumina è la sua capacità di controllare l'infiammazione.
La rivista medica Oncogene ha pubblicato i risultati di uno studio che ha valutato vari composti anti-infiammatori, e ha trovato che l'aspirina e l'ibuprofene sono meno efficaci, mentre la curcumina è fra i composti anti-infiammatori più potenti del mondo.
Questa notizia dovrebbe arrivare in tutte le case del mondo, perchè proprio l'infiammazione predispone le persone ad ammalarsi di varie patologie.
Malattie ad oggi molto diffuse come il cancro, la colite ulcerosa, l'artrite, il colesterolo alto e il dolore cronico possono essere il risultato dell'infiammazione.
Ricordatevi sempre che la curcuma, grazie alla sua attività anti-infiammatoria, è in grado di curare moltissime malattie che vi sono connesse.
Trattamento dell'artrite
Dal momento che la curcumina è conosciuta per i suoi effetti anti-infiammatorio e anti-dolorifico, è stato condotto uno studio su 45 pazienti affetti da artrite reumatoide per confrontare i benefici della curcumina a quelli di farmaci contro l'artrite, che mette a rischio di sviluppare permeabilità intestinale e malattie cardiache.
Nello studio i volontari sono stati divisi in 3 gruppi: quelli trattati solo con curcumina, quelli trattati solo con farmaci contro l'artrite e quelli trattati con una combinazione dei due. Il risultato dello studio è stato molto evidente:
Il gruppo trattato con curcumina ha mostrato la percentuale più alta di miglioramento su tutti i fronti rispetto al gruppo trattato con il farmaco contro l'artrite (vedi bibliografia). Cosa più importante, la curcumina è risultata sicura e non ha causato effetti avversi. Lo studio fornisce la prima evidenza di sicurezza e superiorità del trattamento con curcumina in pazienti con artrite reumatoide, e pone luce sulla necessità futura di condurre studi su larga scala per confermare questi risultati su molti altri pazienti.
I risultati di questo studio pubblicato su Phytotherapy Research nel 2012, incoraggiano a fare più studi sull'uomo per valutare il portentoso effetto della curcumina su persone che soffrono di diversi tipi di artrite.
Trattamento anti-tumorale
Di tutte le patologie che sono state trattate con curcumina, il cancro (di vari tipi), è una di quelle più studiate. Nel mondo, autorità come la Cancer Research UK, ha mostrato su cellule cancerose che la curcumina ha effetto anti-tumorale. Sembra in grado di uccidere le cellule tumorali e prevenirne la recidiva. L'effetto migliore lo esercita sui tumori al seno, all'intestino, allo stomaco e alla pelle.
In uno studio americano del 2007 i ricercatori hanno associato la chemioterapia all curcumina per trattare cellule prelevate da un tumore intestinale, ed hanno dimostrato che il trattamento combinato è più potente della sola chemioterapia. L' American Cancer Society lo conferma, studi di laboratorio hanno anche mostrato che la curcumina interferisce con lo sviluppo del cancro, crescita e diffusione. Recentemente, la curcumina ha ricevuto molta notorietà grazie alla sua capacità di ridurre la dimensione del tumore e uccidere cellule tumorali.
Trattamento del diabete
Per abbassare gli zuccheri nel sangue e curare l'insulino-resistenza non c'è trattamento migliore che introdurre la curcuma nella dieta.
Nel 2009 è stato condotto uno studio alla Auburn University che ha mostrato come assumere curcuma possa aiutare a curare il diabete.
Lo studio ha evidenziato che la curcumina è 400 volte più potente della metformina (un farmaco comunemente usato contro il diabete) nell'attivare l'AMPK che migliora la sensibilità all'insulina. In questo modo la curcuma può aiutare i pazienti che soffrono di diabete di tipo 2. Oltre a correggere le cause del diabete, è provato che la curcumina aiuta a migliorare molti aspetti correlati con l'insulino-resistenza e l'iperglicemia.
Prendete per esempio la neuropatia diabetica o la retinopatia. Una delle complicazioni più comuni del diabete è il danneggiamento dei vasi sanguigni che causa cecità.
Uno studio ha dimostrato che il trattamento con curcumina può posticipare questa terribile complicazione del diabete grazie alle sue proprietà antiinfiammatorie e antiossidanti.
Malattie gastrointestinali
Spesso, persone con problemi dell'apparato digerente come stomaco o intestino, diventano intolleranti a trattamenti farmacologici perchè la mucosa dello stomaco è già compromessa a causa dei numerosi interventi, e così la flora batterica intestinale.
Un'analisi approfondita di tutti gli studi che hanno valutato la capacità della curcumina di gestire l'infiammazione intestinale (IBS, malattia di Crohn e colite ulcerosa) ha trovato che molti pazienti potevano ridurre o sospendere i corticosteroidi che gli erano stati prescritti perchè la loro condizione era enormemente migliorata grazie alla curcumina!
Per molti pazienti con la sindrome dell'intestino irritabile (IBS) i corticosteroidi riducono i sintomi dolorosi, ma danneggiano il rivestimento intestinale e nel tempo peggiorano la situazione.
Comunque, l'assunzione di curcumina non ha questi effetti collaterali e, grazie ale sue proprietà anti-infiammatorie, aiuta l'intestino a guarire e supporta la crescita di una sana flora batterica intestinale (azione prebiotica).
Regolazione dei livelli di Colesterolo
Una delle ragioni per cui le malattie cardiovascolari sono un problema nel mondo occidentale, è che le persone sviluppano il pre-diabete (eccessivi zuccheri nel sangue) ad una velocità allarmante.
Sia nel caso di diabete che di pre-diabete, le persone soffrono di stress ossidativo, che danneggia l'interno dei vasi sanguigni. Proprio a causa di questo danno alle arterie il colesterolo si inizia ad attaccare alle aree danneggiate portando ad alti livelli di colesterolo LDL. I farmaci usati tradizionalmente come le statine, sono conosciute per danneggiare i reni e il fegato e causare molti effetti collaterali mortali.
Effettivamente abbassano il livello di colesterolo, ma non risolvono mai la causa dello stress ossidativo che è un alto livello di zuccheri e infiammazione. Fortunatamente, i medici stanno diventando sempre più consapevoli dei pericolosi effetti collaterali delle statine e prescrivono alternative naturali come curcumina e omega 3!
Uno studio condotto da Drugs in R & D ha trovato che la curcumina era ugualmente o più efficace che i farmaci per il diabete nel ridurre i livelli di stress ossidativo e infiammazione nel trattamento del colesterolo alto.
Studi come questi stanno facendo progettare alle case farmaceutiche una forma sintetica della curcumina, che sfortunamente, non funziona come quella naturale.
Anti-dolorifici
Una delle proprietà della curcumina più accettate universalmente è la capacità di controllare il dolore.
Negli ultimi anni l'European Journal of Pharmacology ha pubblicato uno studio che ha dimostrato che la curcumina attiva naturalmente il sistema oppioide in ratti diabetici. Questo processo naturale serve per lenire la risposta al dolore, ed è quello generalmente modulato dai farmaci.
L'uso della curcumina non è legato soltanto alla condizione di dolore legata al diabete, ma può essere usata in molte altre condizioni dolorose.
Prendete, per esempio, le gravi ustioni. Tipicamente, le vittime di ustioni sono trattate con pericolosi oppioidi e anti-infiammatori non steroidei. Lo U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research consiglia di usare la curcumina per trattare le bruciature anzichè le medicazioni convenzionali.
A questo punto inizia ad essere chiaro che l'uso della curcuma e suoi derivati inizia a spiazzare i trattamenti medici convenzionali anche come antidolorifico naturale.
10. Corticosteroidi
Come ultimo aspetto vediamo quali condizioni vengono normalmente trattate con i corticosteroidi:
Psoriasi
Lupus
Artrite reumatoide
Scleroderma
Dolore cronico
Nel 1999 è uscito uno studio in cui si dimostra che la curcumina ha la capacità di curare l'infiammazione cronica dell'occhio. Questa condizione è tipicamente trattata solo con steroidi, ma oggi è comune per i medici prescrivere curcumina al loro posto.
Anche se la funzione della curcumina è comparabile a quella degli steroidi, quello che non può essere paragonato è l'assenza di effetti collaterali.
Per darvi un'idea della quantità di sofferenza alleviata dalla curcumina, ecco un elenco di effetti collaterali dati dagli steroidi, presa dallo UK’s National Health Services (NHS):
Acne
Asma
Cancro
Cataratta
Ritardo nella guarigione delle ferite
Diabete
Glaucoma
Ipertensione (pressione alta)
Aumento dell'appetito (spesso associato con aumento di peso)
Indigestione
Insonnia
Problemi a reni e tiroide
Disturbi dell'umore (incluse aggressività, irritabilità, e repentini cambiamenti di umore)
Debolezza muscolare
Nausea
Rischio di contrarre infezioni
Rachitismo nei bambini
Tachicardia (rapido battito cardiaco)
Assottigliamento della pelle (che porta ad ecchimosi)
Come ultima cosa, quando considerate l'enorme quantità di complicazioni a cui ti sottopongono questi farmaci, è facile rendersi conto di come la curcumina sia superiore alla maggior parte delle medicine.
Se hai una delle malattie menzionate in questo articolo, parla con il tuo medico per sapere se puoi assumere la curcuma, e se non sei malato, assumere curcuma ti servirà come prevenzione.
Effetti collaterali della curcuma
Alcune persone hanno riportato reazioni allergiche alla curcuma, specialmente dopo l'esposizione al sole. Tipicamente si manifesta come un leggero rash cutaneo. Ad alte dosi di curcuma sono stati osservati i seguenti effetti collaterali:
Nausea
Diarrea
Aumentato rischio di sanguinamento
Aumento nel test di funzionalità epatica
Aumentate contrazioni della cistifellea
Ipotensione (pressione bassa)
Contrazioni uterine in donne in gravidanza
Aumentato flusso mestruale
Persone che assumono determinati farmaci devono stare attente quando mettono la curcuma nel cibo o assumono integratori naturali a base di curcuma. La curcuma può interferire con anti-coagulanti come l'aspirina, il clopidogrel e il warfarin. Può anche interagire con altri farmaci o integratori alimentari, quindi è sempre opportuno consultare il proprio medico prima di iniziare ad assumere la curcuma.
Se proprio non puoi fare a meno di assumere i farmaci, non scartare la possibilità di aggiungere la curcuma alla tua dieta, perchè ti aiuterà a controllare gli effetti collaterali delle medicine.
Uno studio pubblicato sul Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology descrive come combinare la curcuma a uno steroide (prednisolone), riduca efficacemente gli effetti collaterali di questo farmaco pericoloso.
Bibliografia
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Banafshe HR, et al. Effect of curcumin on diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: Possible involvement of opioid system. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; .
Cancer Research UK. Can turmeric prevent or treat cancer? Available at: www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/cancer-....
Cheppudira B, et al. Curcumin: a novel therapeutic for burn pain and wound healing. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22(10): 1295-303.
Kuncha M, et al. Curcumin potentiates the anti-arthritic effect of prednisolone in Freund’s complete adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66(1): 133-44.
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Usharani P, et al. Effect of NCB-02, atorvastatin and placebo on endothelial function, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, 8-week study. Drugs R D. 2008; 9(4): 243-50.
Yasunari Takada, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents differ in their ability to suppress NF-kappaB activation, inhibition of expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and cyclin D1, and abrogation of tumor cell proliferation. Oncogene 2004; 23(57): 9247-58.
In 2002 Hans Bruno Lund introduced the concept
"Multicomplex Management (MCM)" as a platform
for a new series of management concepts and tools,
e.g. "Expected Creative Potential (ECP)", desig-
ned as personal tools for the CEO of large, multicom-
plex organizations in addition to the traditional mana-
gement concepts and tools.
As of January 2010 the new concepts / tools "Multicomplex Management (MCM)" and "Expected Creative Potential (ECP)" were referred to on more than 800.000 websites or 40.000.000 webpages.
Literature:
Lund, Hans Bruno
Multicomplex Management (MCM)
Version 3
CD-ROM, 741 colored illustrations
Hans Bruno Lund
Skodsborg
Denmark
2009
A multicomplex organization:
Organization Structure Model used: Nordic Industrial Fund - Nordic Council of Ministers - Bio & Chemistry Division (BCD) - Division REI-activities (Research / Education / Innovation): 5 programmes: NordFood, Nordic Wood, NordPap, NordBio and NordYeast; 748 projects; 6.000 participating private and public companies, institutions, organizations and agencies in 62 countries. BCD connected 180.000 researchers, operators, engineers, technicians and company, organization and agency executives (1998). BCD was - in combination with NordTek (the organization managing the cooperation of the 23 Nordic technical universities) - the largest industrial and technological REI-network in Northern Europe. BCD was a 27.000 ECP Organization connecting 278.000 people totalling 2.7 million ECP. Photo on Picture 1: Hans Bruno Lund visiting the governor of Oulu province, Finland Dr. Eino Siuruainen during a NordTek seminar.
Hans Bruno Lund
Contact: hansbrunolund@hotmail.com
Pictures to Multicomplex Management (MCM): 1, 2, 3, ... , 16.
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Pictures:
Picture 1 - 9 on Page 1
Picture 10 on Page 2
Picture 11 - 12 on Page 6
Picture 13 - 15 on Page 7
Picture 16 on Page 8
Multicomplex Management (MCM) is explained in Picture 2.
Expected Creative Potential (ECP) is explained in Picture 2.
THE NORDBIO REI PROGRAMME
PART PROGRAMMES:
01 PROTEIN ENGINEERING
02 BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING
03 PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY
04 THERMOPHILIC AND PSYCHROPHILICS
05 FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY
06 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
NORDBIO was with 1.025 REI-activities the largest Biotechnology
REI Programme ever undertaken in Northern Europe.
As an example we take
02 BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING - 12 PROJECTS / 161 REI-ACTIVITIES (presentations and publications):
1. Ståhl Wernersson, E., Trägårdh, Ch. (1991). «Strömmning i luftade, omrörda tankar, Congress on Food and Nutrition», "Livsmedel 91'. Göteborg.
2. Ståhl Wernersson, E., Trägårdh, Ch. (1993). «Fluid dynamics and mass transfer in the bioreactor», Final Bioprocess Engineering Programme meeting, Lund.
3. Ståhl Wernersson, E., Trägårdh, Ch. (1993). «Fluid dynamics and mass transfer in the bioreactor», Nordic PhD course in Membrane Technology.
4. Ståhl Wernersson, E., Trägårdh, Ch. (1993). «Fluid dynamics and mass transfer in the bioreactor», Congress on Food and Nutrition, "Livsmedel 93', Lund.
5. Frandsen, S., Emborg, C.: «Correlation between the plasma membrane lipid composition of the yeast Saccharomycec cerevisia and zinc concentration in the growth environment», 5th European Congress on Biotechnology, Copenhagen (1990).
6. Frandsen, S., Emborg, C.,: « Development of study the performeance and characteristics of bioreactors with regard to mixing». 7th European Congress on Mixing, Brügge (1991).
7. Frandsen, S., Emborg, C.,: «Physiological effects of oscillating fermentation parameters in the bioreactor with the aim of enhancing product formation». Final Bioprocess Engineering meeting, Lund, October (1993).
8. Georg, S., Larsson, G., Enfors, S.-O.: "Metabolic response of S. cerevisia in a Bioreactor with Defined Energy Substrate Concentration Gradients". 9th International Biotechnology Symposium and Exposition, Crystal City, Virginia, USA (August 1992).
9. Larsson, G.: "Growth development and ethanol metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisia, in a scale down reactor simulating the conditions in industrial large scale fed batch reactors". Int. symp. Kinetics, dynamics, and physiology of microbial growth, Rüschlikon, Switzerland (October 1992).
10. Georg, S., Larsson, G., Enfors, S.-O.: "A Scale-Down Two-Compartment Reactor with Controlled Substrate Oscillations: Metabolic Response of Saccharomyces cerevisia". Int. Symp. Bioreactor Performance, Helsingör, Denmark (March 1993).
11. Georg, S., Larsson, G., Enfors, S.-O.: "Metabolic response of S. cerevisiae in a Scale-Down Two-Compartment Reactor with Controlled Substrate Oscillations". 6th Eur. Congr. Biotechnology, Firenze, Italy (June 1993).
12. Georg, S., Larsson, G., Enfors, S.-O.: "Kintics off cell response to local concentration gradients in bioreactors". Final Bioprocess Engineering Programme meeting, Lund (October 1993).
13. Larsson, G., Georg, S., Törnkvist , M., Noorman, H., Enfors, S.-O.: "Substrate gradients in bioreactors: origin and consequences". 6th Eur. Congr. Biotechnology, firenze, Italy (June 1993).
14. Noorman, H.J., Emborg, C., Enfors, S.-O., Frandsen, S., George, S., Hjertager, B., Larsson, G., Morud, K., Ståhl-Wernersson, E., Trägårdh, C., Törnkvist, M.; "Verification of integrated microbial and fluid dynamics for scale-up of bioreactors". Laboratory symposium, Technical University of Denmark.
15. Morud, K:, Hjertager, B.H. (1993): « Multidimesional modelling of flow processes in bioreactors», poster presented at the final Bioprocess Engineering meeting, Lund, 5-6 october.
16. Törnkvist, M., Larsson, G., Enfors, S-O., (1992): «Energy starvation indiced foaming in Escherichia coli». 9th International Biotechnology Symposium in Crystal, VA (USA).
17. Noorman, H.J., Emborg, C., Enfors, S.-O., Frandsen, S., George, S., Hjertager, B., Larsson, G., Morud, K., Sthål-Wernersson, E., Trägårdh, C., Törnkvist, M., (1992): « Verification of integrated microbial and fluid dynamics for svale-up of bioreactors». Laboratory Symposium, Technical University of Denmark.
18. Törnkvist, M., Larsson, G., Enfors, S.-O. (1993): « Mechanisms of foaming in bioreactors». International Symposium on Bioreactor performance, helsingör (DK)
19. Larsson, G., George, S., Törnkvist, M., Noorman, H.J., Enfors, S-O. (1993): « Substrate gradients in bioreactors: Origin and Consequences «. 6th European Congress on Biotechnology, Firenze (I).
20. Törnkvist, M., Larsson, G., Enfors, S-O. (1993): «Mechanisms of foaming in bioreactors». Final Bioprocess Engineering programme Meeting, Lund (S)
21. Noorman, H.J., Emborg, C., Enfors, S.-O. Hjertager, B., Trägårdh, C., (1992): «Scale- down tools and integrated microbial and fluid dynamics for scale-up of bioreactors». 9th Int. Biotechnology Symp., Crystal City VA (USA).
22. Noorman, H.J., Emborg, C., Enfors, S-O., Frandsen, S., George, S., Hjertager, B., Larsson, G., Morud, K., Ståhl-Wernersson, E., Trägårdh, C., Törnkvist, M., (1992): «Verification of integarted microbial and fluid dynamics scale-up of bioreactors». Laboratory Symposium, Technical university of Danmark.
23. Noorman, H.J., Enfors, S-O., Larsson, G., Hjertager, B., Trägådh, C., (1993): «Flow and converion in a 30 m3 stirred tank reactor». 6th European Congr. Biotechnology, Firenze (I).
24. Larsson, G., George, S., Törnkvist, M., Noorman, J.H., Enfors, S-O., (1993):
« Substrate gradients in bioreactors: origin and consequences». 6th Eur. Cong. Biotechnology, Firenze (I).
25. Noorman, H.J. (1993): « Bioreactor performance: The large scale.» Final Bioprocess Engineering meeting, Lund (S).
26. Visala, A., Zhang, X (1993): «Bioprocess monitoring system based on enlarged state consept and heuristics». Poster presented at the Final Bioprocess Engineering Preogramme Meeting, Lund (S).
27. Zhang, X., Visala, A., Halme, A. (1992): «A Kinetic Model of Mammalian Cell Cultures and Fitting it to the Sp 2/0-Ag14 Culture». Poster in ICCAFT/IFA-2 Conference, March 29 - April 2, 1992, Keystone, Colorado, USA.
28. Rank, M., Gram, J., Danielsson, B., «Implementation of a thermal biosensors in process environment». Poster at Biosensors 92 in Geneva, Switzerland:
29. Rank, M., Gram, J. Danielsson, B.: « On-line Monitoring of Fermentations in process environment using a thermal biosensor». Poster at Anabiotec 92 in Nordwijkhout, Holland:
30. Rank, M., Gram, J., Danielsson, B.: « On-line FIA of fermentations in the pilot plant of Novo Nordisk A/S». Paper presented at DAu, March 93 DTH, Lyngby, Denmark
31. Rank, M., Gram, J., Danielsson, B.: «On-line monitoring of penicillin V , glucose, lactate and ethanol with a thermal biosensors in process environments». Poster presented at the 12th Enzyme Engineering Meeting, Sept 93, Compiegne, France.
32. Morcel, C., Biedermann, K., Grøn, S., (1993): «Intergration of bioconversion and separation to control productivity» Poster presented at the final Bioprocess Engineering Meeting, Lund (S)
33. Vijayakumar, A.,R., Nilsson, M., Schornack,, C., Holst, O., Håkanson, H., Mattiasson, B.,: «Integration of fermentation, affinity adsorption and on-line process monitoring exemplified with cultivation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for production of a-amylase. Abstr. Mo-205. 6th Eur. Congress Biotechnol. Firenze, June 13-17 1993
34. Vijayakumar, A.R.,Nilsson, M., Schornack, C., Holst, O., Håkanson, H., Matiasson, B.,: «Integration of bioconversion and separation to control productivity». Final Bioprocess Engineering meeting, Lund, October 1993
35. Hansen H.A., Emborg, C.: «Complex medium supplements give difficulties when investigating mammalian cell physiology». Poster 11th Meeting European Society
of Animal Cell Technology, Brighton, England 1991.
Oxford, 1992)
36. Hansen, H.A., Emborg, C.: « Continuous suspension CHO cell culture». Poster 12th meeting ESACT, Würzberg, Germany 1993.
37. Dyring, C., Hansen, H.A., Emborg, C.: « The influence of ammonia on t-PA production from Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO) cells». Poster 12th Meeting ESACT Würzburg, germany, 1993.
38. Hansen, H.A., Emborg, C.: «Continuous cultivation of CHO cells». 6th European Congress on Biotechnology, Florence (I), 1993
39. Hansen, H.A., Madsen, N.,M., Emborg, C.: «An evaluation of fed-batch cultivation methods for mammalian cells based on model simulations» 6th European Congress on Biotechnology, Firenze, 1993.
40. Hansen, H.A., Emborg, C.: «On-line HPCL control of mammalian cell bioreactors». Final Bioprocess Engineering meeting, Lund, Oct. 1993.
41. Danielson, L.-G., Ingman F., Kovanen,L. Silfwerbrand-Lindh, C.: «On-line ammonium system», Poster, Analysdagarna, Lund, June 1993.
42. Martinelle, K., Häggström, L.: «Potassium ions affected the ammonia/ammonium toxicity in animal cell cultivations». ESACT 11, brighton 1991.
43. Ljunggren, J., Häggström, L.: «Amino acid metabolism in batch and fed batch culture of a murine myeloma cell». ESCAT 11, Brighton 1991.
44. Ljunggren, J., Häggström, L.: «Glutamine limited fed batch culture reduces overflow metabolism of amino acids and production of ammonia». 9th Biotechnology Symp., Washington, 1992.
45. Martinelle, K., Häggström, L.: «Detoxification of amminium in bioreactor cultivations». ESCAT 12, Würzburg 1993.
46. Ljunggren, J., Häggström, L.: « Glucose and glutamine limited fed batch cultures of hybridoma cells». ECB 6, Firenze 1993.
47. Danielsson, A., Häggström, L.: «Metabolic control of insect cell cultures». ECB 6, Firenze 1993.
48. Martinelle, K., Ljunggren, J., Häggström, L.: « Metabolism and physiology of cultured animal cells». Final Bioprocess Engineering meeting, Lund 1993.
49. Ståhl Wernersson, E. (1991): « Bubbles in two phase flow; turbulence, coalescenceand break up». A literature review with applications to aerated, agitated tanks, Report LUTKDH/TKLT-7001
50. Ståhl Wernersson, E. Trägårdh, Ch. (1990): « Fluid dybamics and mass transfer in the bioreactor». Scientific report for the Nordic Programme on Bioprocess Engineering, 15-18
51. Ståhl Wernersson, E. Trägårdh, Ch. (1991): « Fluid dybamics and mass transfer in the bioreactor». Scientific report for the Nordic Programme on Bioprocess Engineering, 12-16
52. Ståhl Wernersson, E. Trägårdh, Ch. (1991): «Fluid dybamics and mass transfer in the bioreactor». Scientific report for the Nordic Programme on Bioprocess Engineering, 14-24
53. Ståhl Wernersson, E. Trägårdh, Ch.: « Experimental measurements with thermal anemometri of turbulent characteristics, in a 30 m3 reactor, single phase flow». (tentative)
54. Ståhl Wernersson, E. Trägårdh, Ch.: « Experimental measurements with thermal anemometri of turbulent characteristics, in a 30 m3 reactor, two phase flow». (tentative)
55. Ståhl Wernersson, E. Trägårdh, Ch.: « Comparison of experimental measurements of velocities and turbulent chracteristics in in two different scales, 30 m3 and 0,4 m3». (tentative)
56. Trägårdh,Ch., Heinzle, E., Saner, U. (1990): « Mathematical modelling of mixing and biokinetics in agitated tank fermenters», In: Proc. 5th European Congress on Biotechnology, Copenhagen, pp 797
57. Trägårdh,Ch.(1991): « Turbulence and turbulence modelling in turbine agitated tanks». (Project Report)
58. Trägårdh,Ch.(1991): « Scale-up using integrated models». Proc. Internat. Symp. Bioreactor Performance, Helsingør, SBF, Lund, pp 221-230
59. Trägårdh,Ch., Ståhl Wernersson, E.: «Flow characteristics in turbine agitated
tanks: predictions and measurements». (tentative)
60. Frandsen, S., Mathisen, T.E., (1991): « Development of methods to study the
performance and characteristics of bioreactors with regard to mixing.
Part 1: Physical parameter determination». 7th European Congress on Mixing,
Brügge, 379-384
61. Frandsen, S., Nielsen, J., Villadsen, J., (1993): « Application of regime analysis of yeast fermentation for down-scaling». Nordic Programme on Bioprocess Engineering, Bioreactor Performance, Proceedings (Mortensen, U. and Noorman, H.J. eds.) 171-181
62. Hjortsø , M.A., Frandsen, S., Nielsen, J., (1993): « Population balance models of oscillations in yeast cultures». Proceedings of 6th European Congress on Biotechnology, Firenze
63. Enfors S.-O : "Microbial Kinetics: The short term perspective", Proc.Int.Symp.
Bioreactor Performance, Helsingör, Denmark (1993), pp 109-210
64. George, S; Larsson, G; Enfors, S.-O.: "A scaledown two-compartment reactor with controlled substrate oscillations: Metabolic response of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae " , Bioproc. Eng. 9 (1993) (in press) (ref I)
65. George, S; Morud, K; Larsson, G,; Hjertager, B,; Enfors, S.-O.: "Experimental verification of a CFD simulation of a Baker's yeast fermentation in a 215 m3
bubble column " , Manuscript for publication (1993) (ref II)
66. George, S.; Larsson, G.;Enfors, S.-O.: "Short term kinetics of aerobic ethanol production by S. cerevisiae", Manuscript for publication (1993) (ref III)
67. Larsson,G.;George, S.; Enfors, S.-O.: «Scale down reactor model to simulate
insufficiant mixing conditions during fed batch operation using a biological
system ", Process Mixing : Chemical and Biochemical Applications - Part II,
AIChE Symp. Series,vol.89 (1993),pp 151-157
68. Larsson,G.: "Methodology for scale-down of bioprocesses", Proc.Int.Symp.
Bioreactor Performance, Helsingör, Denmark (1993), pp 181-188
69. Larsson,G.;George, S.; Enfors, S.-O.: «Kinetics of cell response to local
consentration gradients in bioreactors». Scientific report for the
Nordic Programme on Bioprocess Engineering, Lyngby (1990) pp 25-34
70. Larsson,G.;George, S.; Enfors, S.-O.: «Kinetics of cell response to local
consentration gradients in bioreactors». Scientific report for the
Nordic Programme on Bioprocess Engineering, Sandnes (1991) pp 60-81
71. Larsson,G.;George, S.; Enfors, S.-O.: «Kinetics of cell response to local
consentration gradients in bioreactors». Scientific report for the
Nordic Programme on Bioprocess Engineering, Stockholm (1992) pp 36-43
72. Törnkvist, M., Larsson,G., Noorman, H., Enfors, S-O.: «Substrate gradients in bioreactors: Origin and consequences». Manuscript in publication.
73. Törnkvist, M., Larsson, G.,: «Sampling and analysis for evaluation of extracellular low nutrient concentrations during suspension cultivation of microorganisms». manuscript for publications.
74. Hjertager, B.H. (1990): «Multi-dimesional modelling of flow processes in bioreactors», paper in Proceedings from Bioprocess Engineering Meeting, Lyngby, 22-23 March
75. Morud, K., Solberg, T. and Hjertager, B.,H. (1991): « Turbulent two-phase air water flow in a bubble column» paper in Proceedings from Bioprocess Engineering Meeting, Sandnes, 2-4 April.
76. Morud, K., and Hjertager, B.,H. (1992): « Multidimensional modelling of processes in bioreactors: Flow and biochemical reaction in a bubble column and flow in a stirred vessel». Paper in proceedings from Bioprocess Engineering Meeting, Stockholm, 17-19 March.
77. Hjertager, B. H. and Morud, K.(1993): Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Bioreactors». Paper in Proc. of Bioreactor Performance Symposium, 15-17 March, Helsingør, Denmark pp 47-61.
78. .Noorman, H.J., Hjertager, B., Morud, K., Trägårdh, C., Enfors, S-O., Larsson, G.,
Törnquist, M., (1993a) : «Measurement and CDF Simulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae production in a 30 m3 Stirred Tank Reactor». Proceedings
of Bioreactor Performance Symposium, 15-17 March, Helsingör (DK), pp 243-259
79. Noorman H., Enfors, S-O., Hjertager, B., H., Larsson, G., Morud, K., Trägårdh, C.,
Törnquist, M., (1993b): « Verification of integrated microbial and fluid dynamics :
Saccharomyces cerevisiae production on 30 m3 scale. Presented at ECB 6, Firenze (I)
80. Noorman H., Morud, K., B.Hjertager,B.,H.,Trägårdh, C., Larsson, G., Enfors, S-O., (1993c): « CFD modelling and verification of flow and conversion in a 1 m3 bioreactor». Published at 3rd Int. Conference on Biorector and Bioprocess Fluid Dymanics, Cambridge, UK, 14-16 September.
81. Hjertager, B.H. and Morud, K. (1993) « Multidimesional computer modelling of two-phase flow processes in bioreactors» paper at Modelling for Improved Bioreactor performance, Bratislava, Slovakia, September 27-28.
82. George, S., Morud,K., Hjertager, B.H., Larsson, G., Enfors, S.-O. (1993): «Experimental verification of a CFD simulation of Bakers’ yeast fermentation in a 215 m3 bubble column», to be submitted.
83. Morud, K, Hjertager, B.,H.,(1994):»LDA measurement and CFD modelling of air-water flow in a stirred vessel», to be submitted.
84. Törnquist, M., Larsson, G.,: «Sampling and analysis for evaluation of extracellular
low nutrient concentrations during suspension cultivation of microorganisms»
(to be submitted)
85. Törnquist, M., Larsson, G., Enfors, S-O.: «Protein release and foaming in
Escherichia coli cultures grown on minimal medium»(to be submitted)
375
86. Törnquist, M., Larsson, G., Noorman, H.J., Enfors, S-O.: «Substrate gradients in
bioreactors: Origin and concequences» (to be submitted)
87. Törnquist, M., Larsson, G., Enfors, S.-O., (1991): «Mechanisms of foaming in bioreactors». Scientific Report for the Nordic Programme on Bioprocess Engineering 1990/91, pp 91-105
88. M.Törnquist, G.Larsson, S.-O. Enfors (1992): «Mechanisms of foaming in bioreactors». Scientific Report for the Nordic Programme on Bioprocess Engineering 1990/91, pp 51-59
89. Noorman, H.J., Hjertager, B., Morud, K., Trägårdh, C., Enfors, S-O., Larsson, G., Törnkvist, M., (1993): « Measurement and computational fluid dynamics simulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae production in a 30 m3 stirred tank reactor.» Proceedings from International Symposium on Bioreactor Performance, Helsingör (DK), 243-259.
90. Noorman, H.J., Enfors, S-O., Hjertager, B., Larsson, G., Morud, K., Trägårdh, C.,
Törnquist, M., (1993): «Verification of integrated microbial and fluid dynamics :
Saccharomyces cerevisiae production on 30 m3 scale.» Proceedings from 6th European Congress on Biotechnology, Firenze (I) (in press)
91. Noorman, H.J., Enfors, S.-O., Larsson, G., Törnquist, M., «Dynamics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism 2. Verification in a production scale bioreactor» (to be submitted)
92. Noorman, H.J., Hjertager, B., Morud, K., Trägårdh, C., Enfors, S.-O., Larsson, G.,
Törnquist, M., (1993): « Measurement and computational fluid dynamics simulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae production in a 30 m3 stirred tank reactor».Proc.Int. Symp. Bioreactor Performance, Helsingrø (DK), 243-259
93. Mortensen, U., Noorman , H.J.,(eds.) (1993): « Proceedings of the International Symposium on Bioreactor Performnace», SBF Lund (S)
94. Noorman, H.J., Enfors, S.-O., Hjertager, B., Larsson, G., Morud, K., Trägårdh, C.,
Tönquist, M., (1993): « Vreification of integrated microbial and fluid dynamics:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae production on 30 m3 scale». in: Proc. 6th Eur.
Congr.Biotechnol., Firenze (I) (in press)
95. Noorman, H.J., Morud, K., Hjertager, B., Trägårdh, C., Larsson, G., Enfors, S.-O. (1993): «CFD modelling and verification of flow and conversion ina 1 m3 bioreactor», Proc 3rd Int. Conf. Biooreactor and Bioprocess Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge (GB) (in press)
96. Noorman, H.J., Trägårdh, C., Qing, C.Y.,: « Power input and liquid mixing in a 30 m3
stirred tank reactor» (to be submitted)
97. Noorman, H.J., Enfors, S.-O.: «Dynamics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism.1. Formulation of a stoichiometric and kinetic model» (to be submitted)
89. H.J. Noorman, S.-O. Enfors, G.Larsson, M.Törnkvist: « Dynamics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism.2.Vreification in a production scale bioreactor» (to be submitted)
99. Noorman, H.J. (1992). « Bioreactor performance: The large scale «, Scientific
Report for the Nordic Bioprocess Engineering Program 1991/92, 66-78
100. Halme, A., Visala, A., (1991): «Combining Symboloc and Numerical infomation in modelling the state of biotechnical processes.» International Symposium on Bioprocess Modelling and Control, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, 21st-22nd January 1991.
101. Halme, A., Visala, A., (1991): « Combining Symbolic and Numerical Information in Modelling the State of Biotechnical Processes». Proc of the 1st European Control Conference, grenoble, France, July 2-5 1991.
102. Halme, A., Visala, A., Kankare, J., (1992): « Fuctional State Consept in Modelling of Biotechnical Processes» a paper in ICCAFT/IFAC-2 Conference, March 29-April 2, 1992, Keystone Colorado, USA.
103. Visala, A., Zhang, X., (1990): «Bioprocess monitoring based on enlarged state consept and heuritics» Scientific Report for the Nordic Bioprocess programme 1989/90, 46-48
104. Visala, A., Zhang, X., (1991): «Bioprocess monitoring system based on enlarged concept and heuristics»: Scientific Report for the Nordic Bioprocess Engineering Programme 1990/91, 171-189.
105. Visala, A., Zhang, X., (1992): «Bioprocess monitoring system based on enlarged concept and heuristics»: Scientific Report for the Nordic Bioprocess Engineering Programme 1991/92, 153-166
106. Zhang, X., Visala, A., Halme, A.: «A Functional State Modelling Approach for Bioprocesses: Part I: Local Models for Aerobic Yeast Growth Process and Part II: Simulations of Fuzzy Control of Aerobic Yeast Growth Process». Submitted for publication in Journal of Process Control.
107. Danielsson, B., Hedberg, U., Rank,M., and Xie,B., «Recent investigations on calorimetric biosensors», Sensor and Actuators B,6(1992), 138-142
108. Rank,M , Gram, J.,Danielsson, B., «Implementation of a thermal biosensor in process environment» Biosensor and Bioelectrinics,(1992),7,631-635.
109. Rank,M , Gram, J.,Danielsson, B, «Industral on-line monitoring of penicillin V, Glucose and Ethanol using a split-flow modified thermal sensor», Analytical Chimia Acta, (1993),281,521-526.
110. Rank, M., Gram, J., Stern-Nielsen, K., and Danielsson, B., «On-line monitoring of ethanol, acetaldehyde and glyserol during indistrial fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae», (to be submitted)
111. Rank, M., Gram, J., Danielsson, B., «Implementation of biosensors in process environments, Scientific Report for the Nordic Bioprocess Engineering Programme, 1989/90, 49-45
112. Rank, M., Gram, J., Danielsson, B., «Implementation of biosensors in process environments, Scientific Report for the Nordic Bioprocess Engineering Programme, 1990/91, 190-196
113. Rank, M., Gram, J., Danielsson, B., «Implementation of biosensors in process environments, Scientific Report for the Nordic Bioprocess Engineering Programme, 1991/92, 167-175
114. Biederman, K., (1993): «Integrated bioprocessing». In: Alberghina,L., Frontani, L., and Sensi, P.,(eds). proceedings of the 6th European Congress on Biotechnology, Florence, Italy, 13-17 June 1993. Elsevier Science Publichers, Amsterdam (in press)
115. Biederman, K., Wielen, LAM van and Rychtera, M., (1993) «Integration of bioprocess operations: In Schmidt-Kastner G., Sell, D., Biederman, K., Brocklebank, MP, Jungbauer, A., and Tijsterman, JA(eds). recivery of bioproducts. SCI, London, p 66-79
116. Morcel, C., Biederman, K., (1993): «Coupling of membrane filtration to fermentation for alfa-amylase production by Basillicus amyloliquefaciens. FEMS (in press)
117. Morcel, C.,(1993): «Fermenation coupled to microfiltration: alfa-amylase production from Basillicus amyloliquefaciens. Thesis. (in preparation)
118. Grøn, S., Emborg, C., Biederman, K.,: «Modelling and simulation of an integrated bioprocess. (in preparation)
119. Grøn, S., Morcel, C., and Biederman, K., «Modelling and optimization of alfa-amylse production by Basillicus amyloliquefaciens cultivated in a fermetation system with recycling. (In preperation)
120. Biederman, K., (1993) «Integrated bioprocessing» The 6th European Congress on Biotechnology, Florence, Italy, 13-17 June 1993. Intriductory lecture in the symposium on Integrated bioprocessing.
121. Grøn, S., (1993): «Modelling and simulation of an integrated bioprocess. The 6th European Congress on Biotechnology, Florence, Italy, 13-17 June. Workshop on Down stream processing.
122. Biederman, K., (1992) «Impact of protein secretion on downstream processing. European Science Foundation Meeting on Integrated Bioprocessing. Espinho, Portugal.
123. Morcel, C., Grøn, S., Biederman, K., (1993) «Study of fermetation-microfiltration system with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. ECB6, Florence, Italy, 13-17 June.
124. Grøn, S., Emborg, C., Biederman, K., (1993): «Modelling and simulation of an integrated bioprocess. ECB6, Florence, Italy, 13-17 June.
125. Morcel, C., Biederman, K., (1991): «Integration of bioconversion and separation to control productivity». Scientific report for the Nordic Bioprocess Engineering Programme. 1990/91, 205-217.
126. Morcel, C., Biederman, K., (1992): «Integration of bioconversion and separation to control productivity». Scientific report for the Nordic Bioprocess Engineering Programme. 1991/92, 184-206
127. Nilsson, M., Håkanson, H., and Matiasson, B., (1992): « Process monitoring by flow injection immunoassay.- Evaluation of a sequential competitive binding assay». J. Chromatogr. 597, 383-389.
128. Nilsson, M., Håkanson, H., and Matiasson, B., (1992): « Evaluation of direct vs. competitive assays in flow injection systems.» Proc. Control. Qual. 4, 37-45.
129. Mattiasson, B., Håkanson, H., (1992): « Immunochemically based assays for process control». Adv. Biochem. Eng./Biotechnol. Ed. A.Fiechter. Springer Verlag pp 81-102
130. Nilsson, M., Mattiasson, G., Mattiasson, B., (1993): « Automated immunochemical
binding assay (FLOW-ELISA) based on repeated use of an antibody column placed in a flow-injection system». J.Biotechnol. in press.
131. Mattiasson, B.,: « Flow injection bioanalysis - a convenient tool in process
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145. Clausen, A., (1993): «Insektceller». M.Sc. thesis
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148. Jensen, K.,F., (1993): «Dyrkning af CHO-celler i Biostat». M.Sc. thesis
149. Madsen, N.,M., (1991): «Hybridom kulturer- Modellering og simulering». M.Sc. thesis
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Literature
Lund, Hans Bruno
Multicomplex Management (MCM)
Version 3
CD-ROM, 741 colored illustrations
Dr. Hans Bruno Lund, Management Consultant
Skodsborg
Denmark
2009
Not available in libraries
Description: A man works in the lab. The glassware and pipets are consistent with biochemistry.
Date: September 1979
Item: PUC.PIC.Chemistry_385
Photograph from Pacific Union College Archives & Special Collections photographs, filed under Department of Chemistry.
Little's area of nose... Most common site of nosebleed Here is the arterial supply... Find the whole article at theparadigmshiftgroup.com/littles-area-nose/
#usmle, #usmlestep1, #step1, #medical, #medicine, #study, #studyblr, #knowledge, #know, #article, #blog, #blog_post, #education, #drug, #medication, #most, #popular, #famous, #best, #all, #exam, #examination, #surgery, #pediatrics, #ent, #gynae, #gynecology, #gyne, #obs, #obstetrics, #anatomy, #physiology, #biochem, #biochemistry, #physio, #pharma, #pharmacology, #patho, #pathology, #micro, #microbiology, #science, #biology, #bio, #animal, #plant, #ophthalmology, #dermatology, #radiology, #did_you_know, #success, #pass, #mnemonics, #motivation, #inspiration, #success, #usa, #study_abroad, #memory,
Sweet Fragrant Juicy Lychees or Litchis currently in abundance all over Thailand and at its cheapest best!
Thailand is also fondly referred to as the world’s kitchen owing to its vast variety of fruits and vegetables. Delicious and juicy lychee or “Litchi” heralds you the arrival of summer. Besides sweet and nutritious, the berries have cooling effect on the human body. Botanically, this exotic fruit belongs to the family of Sapindaceae and named scientifically as Litchi chinensis.
Litchis, not only eye-catching in spring when the huge sprays of flowers adorn the tree but also is a stunning sight for nature lovers when the tree is full of berries.
In structure, the fruit is a drupe; oval, heart-shaped or nearly round, measures about 3–5 cm long and 3 cm in diameter and weigh about 10 g. In appearance, the fruit has close resemblances with longan and rambutan fruits.
Its outer surface is covered with rough leathery rind or peel featuring pink color. The peel can be easily removable in the ripe fruits. Inside, the pulp consists of edible portion or aril that is white, translucent, sweet, and juicy.
The fruit has sweet, fragrant flavor and delicious to savor. The pulp has single, glossy brown nut-like seed, 2 cm long, and 1–1.5 cm in diameter. The seeds, like in sapodilla, are not poisonous but should not be eaten. Fresh lychees are readily available in the markets from June to October, about 120-140 days after flowering.
Separate each fruit from the brunch and wash them in cold water. To peel; gently pinch at stem end and peel away outer coat slowly as in the top picture. Furthermore, using a small-paring knife, make an incision over its outer tough skin lengthwise all the way to tip. Take care not to press the fruit otherwise you squirt its juice! Next; carefully peel away the tough outer skin along with the inner thin membrane to expose beautiful, jelly textured translucent white flesh. Once you remove its outer cover, put the whole berry in the mouth as you do in seed grapes. Do not bite. To enjoy, gently suck its divinely sweet juice by rolling between your tongue and palate and spit out the seed.
Lychee fruit contains 66 calories per 100 g, comparable to that in the table-grapes. It has no saturated fats or cholesterol, but composes of good amounts of dietary fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants.
Research studies suggest that oligonol, a low molecular weight polyphenol, is found abundantly in lychee fruit. Oligonol is thought to have anti-oxidant and anti-influenza virus actions. In addition, it helps improve blood flow in organs, reduce weight, and protect skin from harmful UV rays. (Takuya Sakurai (Kyorin University, Japan), Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 72(2), 463-476, 2008).
Litchi, like citrus fruits, is an excellent source of vitamin C; 100 g fresh fruits provide 71.5 mg or 119% of daily-recommended value. Studies suggest that consumption of fruits rich in vitamin C helps the human body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful, pro-inflammatory free radicals.
Further, it is a very good source of B-complex vitamins such as thiamin, niacin, and folates. These vitamins are essential since they function by acting as co-factors to help the body metabolize carbohydrates, protein, and fats.
Litchi also contains a very good amount of minerals like potassium and copper. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids help control heart rate and blood pressure; thus, it offers protection against stroke and coronary heart diseases. Copper is required in the production of red blood cells.
Selection and storage
Fresh lychee fruits are available in the markets from June to October. The Fruit must be allowed to ripen fully on the tree itself since the ripening process stops soon after harvested. Over maturity makes them turn dark-brown in appearance and lose their luster and flavor. While harvesting, snip off the entire fruit brunch, keeping just a short piece of the stem attached to the fruit.
In the store, choose fruits that feature fresh, without cuts or mold. Litchis have a very good shelf life. Fresh fruits can be kept at room temperature for up-to five days and can be stored for up to five weeks in the refrigerator. They can also be frozen or dried and canned for export purposes.
Sweet Fragrant Juicy Lychees or Litchis currently in abundance all over Thailand and at its cheapest best!
Thailand is also fondly referred to as the world’s kitchen owing to its vast variety of fruits and vegetables. Delicious and juicy lychee or “Litchi” heralds you the arrival of summer. Besides sweet and nutritious, the berries have cooling effect on the human body. Botanically, this exotic fruit belongs to the family of Sapindaceae and named scientifically as Litchi chinensis.
Litchis, not only eye-catching in spring when the huge sprays of flowers adorn the tree but also is a stunning sight for nature lovers when the tree is full of berries.
In structure, the fruit is a drupe; oval, heart-shaped or nearly round, measures about 3–5 cm long and 3 cm in diameter and weigh about 10 g. In appearance, the fruit has close resemblances with longan and rambutan fruits.
Its outer surface is covered with rough leathery rind or peel featuring pink color. The peel can be easily removable in the ripe fruits. Inside, the pulp consists of edible portion or aril that is white, translucent, sweet, and juicy.
The fruit has sweet, fragrant flavor and delicious to savor. The pulp has single, glossy brown nut-like seed, 2 cm long, and 1–1.5 cm in diameter. The seeds, like in sapodilla, are not poisonous but should not be eaten. Fresh lychees are readily available in the markets from June to October, about 120-140 days after flowering.
Separate each fruit from the brunch and wash them in cold water. To peel; gently pinch at stem end and peel away outer coat slowly as in the top picture. Furthermore, using a small-paring knife, make an incision over its outer tough skin lengthwise all the way to tip. Take care not to press the fruit otherwise you squirt its juice! Next; carefully peel away the tough outer skin along with the inner thin membrane to expose beautiful, jelly textured translucent white flesh. Once you remove its outer cover, put the whole berry in the mouth as you do in seed grapes. Do not bite. To enjoy, gently suck its divinely sweet juice by rolling between your tongue and palate and spit out the seed.
Lychee fruit contains 66 calories per 100 g, comparable to that in the table-grapes. It has no saturated fats or cholesterol, but composes of good amounts of dietary fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants.
Research studies suggest that oligonol, a low molecular weight polyphenol, is found abundantly in lychee fruit. Oligonol is thought to have anti-oxidant and anti-influenza virus actions. In addition, it helps improve blood flow in organs, reduce weight, and protect skin from harmful UV rays. (Takuya Sakurai (Kyorin University, Japan), Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 72(2), 463-476, 2008).
Litchi, like citrus fruits, is an excellent source of vitamin C; 100 g fresh fruits provide 71.5 mg or 119% of daily-recommended value. Studies suggest that consumption of fruits rich in vitamin C helps the human body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful, pro-inflammatory free radicals.
Further, it is a very good source of B-complex vitamins such as thiamin, niacin, and folates. These vitamins are essential since they function by acting as co-factors to help the body metabolize carbohydrates, protein, and fats.
Litchi also contains a very good amount of minerals like potassium and copper. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids help control heart rate and blood pressure; thus, it offers protection against stroke and coronary heart diseases. Copper is required in the production of red blood cells.
Selection and storage
Fresh lychee fruits are available in the markets from June to October. The Fruit must be allowed to ripen fully on the tree itself since the ripening process stops soon after harvested. Over maturity makes them turn dark-brown in appearance and lose their luster and flavor. While harvesting, snip off the entire fruit brunch, keeping just a short piece of the stem attached to the fruit.
In the store, choose fruits that feature fresh, without cuts or mold. Litchis have a very good shelf life. Fresh fruits can be kept at room temperature for up-to five days and can be stored for up to five weeks in the refrigerator. They can also be frozen or dried and canned for export purposes.
Neuer Wirkstoff bei Diabetes -Magnesium kann ...
Diabetes bremsen
Neuer Wirkstoff bei Diabetes - Eine erhöhte Magnesium-Einnahme wirkt sich positiv auf den Verlauf Diabetes mellitus aus.
Neuer Wirkstoff bei Diabetes - Forscher der iranischen Hormozgan-Universität untersuchten 54 Personen mit Typ-2-Diabetes. Sie gingen der These nach, dass sich Magnesium positiv auf die Blutzuckerwerte ausübt. Daher führten sie eine Studie durch und verabreichten der einen Hälfte der Probanden täglich 300 mg Magnesium, die andere Hälfte erhielt ein Placebo. In der ersten Gruppe verbesserten sich die Blutzuckerwerte deutlich, woraus geschlossen wird, dass die hohe Dosis Magnesium einen positiven Effekt auf Diabetiker hat.
Neuer Wirkstoff bei Diabetes - Weiterhin hilft auch regelmäßiger Sport bei einer Diabetes-Erkrankung, bis zu fünf Mal am Tag inklusive Krafttraining. Das Krafttraining sorgt durch den Muskelaufbau für eine verbesserte Insulinsensibilität. Regelmäßige Bewegung senkt die Blutzucker-, Blutfett- und Blutdruckwerte. Dabei muss es sich nicht einmal um viel Sport sein, eine halbe Stunde pro Tag kann bereits ausreichen. Ausdauersport hilft besonders, das Herz-Kreislauf-System zu stärken, ebenso die Lunge. Ob es nun Nordic Walking, Schwimmen oder Radfahren ist, spielt keine Rolle.
Damit es aber zu keiner Überlastung des Körpers kommt, ist eine vorherige Absprache mit einem Arzt sinnvoll.
Quelle:http://www.bildderfrau.de/gesundheit/krankheiten/article207093017/Magnesium-kann-Diabetes-bremsen.html
Quelle Wikipedia: Magnesiumwerkstoffe in der Medizin
Jüngste Forschungen versprechen ein hohes Entwicklungspotenzial von Magnesiumwerkstoffen als resorbierbares Implantatmaterial (z. B. als Stent) für den menschlichen Körper. Magnesiumwerkstoffe müssen in der Anwendung vor Kontaktkorrosion geschützt werden. Die Korrosionsbeständigkeit gegen normale atmosphärische Einflüsse ist hingegen gut. Das Kontaktkorrosionsverhalten wäre bei einer Verwendung als zeitlich begrenzt einzusetzendes Implantatmaterial ein entscheidender Vorteil, da es sich nach einer bestimmten Zeit gefahrlos auflösen würde. Damit entfielen Risiken und Kosten einer Operation zur Implantatentnahme.
Magnesiumsalze wie etwa Citrat, Gluconat, Aspartat und Aspartathydrochlorid sind in Deutschland als Arzneimittel zugelassen, und zwar in Tages-Dosen von 100 bis 400 mg gegen Mangelzustände und neuromuskuläre Störungen wie beispielsweise Muskelkrämpfe, Migräne oder Schwangerschaftskomplikationen. Nebenwirkungen sind Magen-Darm-Beschwerden und Durchfall, bei Überdosierung auch Müdigkeit und Pulsverlangsamung. Kontraindikationen sind Nierenfunktionsstörung sowie bestimmte Herzrhythmusstörungen.
Bei oraler Aufnahme von Magnesiumpräparaten (Tabletten, Kau- oder Lutschtabletten, Granulat zum Auflösen in Flüssigkeit) ist zum einen die Dosierung wichtig. Verschiedene Studien kommen zu dem Ergebnis, dass bei einer Einnahme von 120 mg circa 35 % resorbiert werden, jedoch bei Einnahme einer kompletten Tagesdosis von 360 mg nur noch circa 18 %.[22] Für die Resorption im Körper ist die Form der heute in Medikamenten gebräuchlichen Verbindungen unerheblich, denn sie sind sowohl pharmakologisch als auch biologisch und klinisch äquivalent; organische Salze wie etwa Magnesiumaspartat oder Magnesiumcitrat werden dabei lediglich schneller vom Körper aufgenommen als anorganische Verbindungen.[20] Zum anderen verbleibt das zusätzliche Magnesium nur dann nutzbringend im Körper, wenn auch genug bindende Moleküle im Körper zur Verfügung stehen; dies geschieht durch biochemische Anpassungen erst nach längerer Erhöhung des Magnesiumangebotes bzw. Einnahme über wenigstens vier Wochen.
Magnesiumsulfat („Bittersalz“) war früher als Abführmittel gebräuchlich.
Magnesiumsalze finden in der Alternativmedizin Verwendung.
Siehe auch: Orthomolekulare Medizin und Schüßler-Salze
Quelle de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium
web1295.fge1.5hosting.com/webapps/webapp_3447/neuer-wirks...
(Staff Photos by Rob Mattson/Amherst College) Teams of students from "Biochemical Principles of Life at the Molecular Level" (BIOL/CHEM 330), a course taught by Asst. Prof. Sheila Jaswal, who student lovingly know as "Dr. J," present and are judged on posters that detail their research topics, which students have chose, studied, crafted and refined throughout the fall semester, at the Frost Library, on the Amherst College campus in Amherst, Mass., Thursday afternoon, December 4, 2014.
According to the course description, Biochem 330 students "explore the chemical and structural properties of biological molecules and learn the logic used by the cell to build complex structures from a few basic raw materials," "consider the detailed balance sheet that shows how living things harvest energy from their environment to fuel metabolic processes and to reproduce and grow," and "consider some of the means by which cells respond to change and to stress."