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Back to my trip to Europe last year for a while!
Sforza Castle, Milan, day 6 of our Cosmos tour, October 5, 2012. We arrived late in the afternoon so didn't see all I wanted to see as we left very early the next morning. So not many good shots as it was too late in the day!
Castello Sforzesco (English: Sforza Castle) is a castle in Milan, Italy, that used to be the seat and residence of the Duchy of Milan and one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It now houses several of the city's museums and art collections.
The original construction on the site began in the 14th century. In 1450, Francesco Sforza began reconstruction of the castle, and it was further modified by later generations. A number of the rooms originally had elaborate internal decoration - the best known of these being the Sala Delle Asse, which contains ceiling paintings by Leonardo da Vinci.
After the French victory in the 1515 Battle of Marignano, the defeated Massimiliano Sforza, his Swiss mercenaries, and the cardinal-bishop of Sion retreated into the Castello Sforzesco. However, King Francis I of France followed them into Milan, and his sappers placed mines under the castle's foundations, whereupon the defenders capitulated.
Under the Spanish domination, the castle was developed: between 15th and 16th century, it had a garrison of some 1000 to 3000 men, and was one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It became a star fort, following the addition of 12 bastions. The external fortifications reached 3 km in length and covered an area of 25,9 hectares.
Most of the outer fortifications were demolished during the period of Napoleonic rule in Milan under the Cisalpine Republic. The semi-circular Piazza Castello was constructed around the city side of the castle, surrounded by a radial street layout of new urban blocks bounded by the Foro Buonoparte. The area on the "country" side of the castle was laid out as a vast 700m by 700m square parade ground known as Piazza d'Armi.
After the unification of Italy in the 19th century, the castle was transferred from military use to the city of Milan. Parco Sempione, one of the largest parks in the city, was created on the former parade grounds.
The government of Milan undertook restoration work, which was directed by Luca Beltrami. The Via Dante was cut through the medieval street layout in the 1880s to provide a direct promenade between the castle and the Duomo on axis with the main gate. The central Filarete tower above the main city entrance was rebuilt between 1900 and 1905 as a monument to King Umberto I.
Allied bombardment of Milan in 1943 during World War II severely damaged the castle. The post-war reconstruction of the building for museum purposes was undertaken by the BBPR architectural partnership.
Fro More Info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sforza_Castle
For More Info on Milan: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Biennale di Venezia 2014 - 14th International Architecture Exhibition - Fundamentals.
Fundamentals consists of three interlocking exhibitions:
1.Absorbing Modernity 1914-2014 is an invitation to the national pavilions to show the process of the erasure of national characteristics.
2.Elements of Architecture, in the Central Pavilion, pays close attention to the fundamentals of our buildings used by any architect, anywhere, anytime.
3.Monditalia dedicates the Arsenale to a single theme – Italy – with exhibitions, events, and theatrical productions.
Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Gardens are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various nations participating in the Biennale. Set amidst tall trees, the pavilions themselves form a sort of anthology of important twentieth-century architecture - given they were designed by architects of the status of Aalto, Hoffmann, Rietveld, Scarpa and Stirling.
The pavilions were built over the years, in the following chronological order (name of the architect in brackets):
1907 Belgium (Léon Sneyens);
1909 Hungary (Géza Rintel Maróti);
1909 Germany (Daniele Donghi), demolished and rebuilt in 1938 (Ernst Haiger);
1909 Great Britain (Edwin Alfred Rickards);
1912 France (Umberto Bellotto);
1912 Netherlands (Gustav Ferdinand Boberg), demolished and rebuilt in 1953 (Gerrit Thomas Rietveld);
1914 Russia (Aleksej V. Scusev);
1922 Spain (Javier De Luque) façade renovated in 1952 by Joaquin Vaquero Palacios;
1926 Czech Republic and Slovak Republic (Otakar Novotny);
1930 United States of America (Chester Holmes Aldrich and William Adams Delano);
1932 Denmark (Carl Brummer) enlarged in 1958 by Peter Koch;
1932 Padiglione Venezia (Brenno Del Giudice), enlarged in 1938;
1934 Austria (Josef Hoffmann);
1934 Greece (M. Papandréou - B. Del Giudice);
1952 Israel (Zeev Rechter);
1952 Switzerland (Bruno Giacometti);
1954 Venezuela (Carlo Scarpa);
1956 Japan (Takamasa Yoshizaka);
1956 Finland (Alvar Aalto Pavilion);
1958 Canada (Gruppo BBPR);
1960 Uruguay;
1962 Nordic Countries: Sweden, Norway, Finland (Sverre Fehn);
1964 Brazil (Amerigo Marchesin);
1987 Australia (Philip Cox);
1995 Korea (Seok Chul Kim and Franco Mancuso).
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Biennale di Venezia 2014 - 14th International Architecture Exhibition - Fundamentals.
Fundamentals consists of three interlocking exhibitions:
1.Absorbing Modernity 1914-2014 is an invitation to the national pavilions to show the process of the erasure of national characteristics.
2.Elements of Architecture, in the Central Pavilion, pays close attention to the fundamentals of our buildings used by any architect, anywhere, anytime.
3.Monditalia dedicates the Arsenale to a single theme – Italy – with exhibitions, events, and theatrical productions.
Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Gardens are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various nations participating in the Biennale. Set amidst tall trees, the pavilions themselves form a sort of anthology of important twentieth-century architecture - given they were designed by architects of the status of Aalto, Hoffmann, Rietveld, Scarpa and Stirling.
The pavilions were built over the years, in the following chronological order (name of the architect in brackets):
1907 Belgium (Léon Sneyens);
1909 Hungary (Géza Rintel Maróti);
1909 Germany (Daniele Donghi), demolished and rebuilt in 1938 (Ernst Haiger);
1909 Great Britain (Edwin Alfred Rickards);
1912 France (Umberto Bellotto);
1912 Netherlands (Gustav Ferdinand Boberg), demolished and rebuilt in 1953 (Gerrit Thomas Rietveld);
1914 Russia (Aleksej V. Scusev);
1922 Spain (Javier De Luque) façade renovated in 1952 by Joaquin Vaquero Palacios;
1926 Czech Republic and Slovak Republic (Otakar Novotny);
1930 United States of America (Chester Holmes Aldrich and William Adams Delano);
1932 Denmark (Carl Brummer) enlarged in 1958 by Peter Koch;
1932 Padiglione Venezia (Brenno Del Giudice), enlarged in 1938;
1934 Austria (Josef Hoffmann);
1934 Greece (M. Papandréou - B. Del Giudice);
1952 Israel (Zeev Rechter);
1952 Switzerland (Bruno Giacometti);
1954 Venezuela (Carlo Scarpa);
1956 Japan (Takamasa Yoshizaka);
1956 Finland (Alvar Aalto Pavilion);
1958 Canada (Gruppo BBPR);
1960 Uruguay;
1962 Nordic Countries: Sweden, Norway, Finland (Sverre Fehn);
1964 Brazil (Amerigo Marchesin);
1987 Australia (Philip Cox);
1995 Korea (Seok Chul Kim and Franco Mancuso).
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Back to my trip to Europe last year for a while!
Waiting for the city guild to show us the Sforza Castle, Milan, day 6 of our Cosmos tour, October 5, 2012. We arrived late in the afternoon so didn't see all I wanted to see as we left very early the next morning. So not many good shots as it was too late in the day!
Castello Sforzesco (English: Sforza Castle) is a castle in Milan, Italy, that used to be the seat and residence of the Duchy of Milan and one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It now houses several of the city's museums and art collections.
The original construction on the site began in the 14th century. In 1450, Francesco Sforza began reconstruction of the castle, and it was further modified by later generations. A number of the rooms originally had elaborate internal decoration - the best known of these being the Sala Delle Asse, which contains ceiling paintings by Leonardo da Vinci.
After the French victory in the 1515 Battle of Marignano, the defeated Massimiliano Sforza, his Swiss mercenaries, and the cardinal-bishop of Sion retreated into the Castello Sforzesco. However, King Francis I of France followed them into Milan, and his sappers placed mines under the castle's foundations, whereupon the defenders capitulated.
Under the Spanish domination, the castle was developed: between 15th and 16th century, it had a garrison of some 1000 to 3000 men, and was one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It became a star fort, following the addition of 12 bastions. The external fortifications reached 3 km in length and covered an area of 25,9 hectares.[1]
Most of the outer fortifications were demolished during the period of Napoleonic rule in Milan under the Cisalpine Republic. The semi-circular Piazza Castello was constructed around the city side of the castle, surrounded by a radial street layout of new urban blocks bounded by the Foro Buonoparte. The area on the "country" side of the castle was laid out as a vast 700m by 700m square parade ground known as Piazza d'Armi.
After the unification of Italy in the 19th century, the castle was transferred from military use to the city of Milan. Parco Sempione, one of the largest parks in the city, was created on the former parade grounds.
The government of Milan undertook restoration work, which was directed by Luca Beltrami. The Via Dante was cut through the medieval street layout in the 1880s to provide a direct promenade between the castle and the Duomo on axis with the main gate. The central Filarete tower above the main city entrance was rebuilt between 1900 and 1905 as a monument to King Umberto I.
Allied bombardment of Milan in 1943 during World War II severely damaged the castle. The post-war reconstruction of the building for museum purposes was undertaken by the BBPR architectural partnership.
Fro More Info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sforza_Castle
For More Info on Milan: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Studio BBPR, Edificio per uffici, Chase Manhattan Bank, 1958-1969, piazza Meda 1, via Hoepli 7.
To the left: Luigi Figini and Gino Pollini, Edificio per uffici, Hoepli Libreria, 1955-57
Back to my trip to Europe last year for a while!
Waiting for the city guild to show us the Sforza Castle, Milan, day 6 of our Cosmos tour, October 5, 2012. We arrived late in the afternoon so didn't see all I wanted to see as we left very early the next morning. So not many good shots as it was too late in the day!
Castello Sforzesco (English: Sforza Castle) is a castle in Milan, Italy, that used to be the seat and residence of the Duchy of Milan and one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It now houses several of the city's museums and art collections.
The original construction on the site began in the 14th century. In 1450, Francesco Sforza began reconstruction of the castle, and it was further modified by later generations. A number of the rooms originally had elaborate internal decoration - the best known of these being the Sala Delle Asse, which contains ceiling paintings by Leonardo da Vinci.
After the French victory in the 1515 Battle of Marignano, the defeated Massimiliano Sforza, his Swiss mercenaries, and the cardinal-bishop of Sion retreated into the Castello Sforzesco. However, King Francis I of France followed them into Milan, and his sappers placed mines under the castle's foundations, whereupon the defenders capitulated.
Under the Spanish domination, the castle was developed: between 15th and 16th century, it had a garrison of some 1000 to 3000 men, and was one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It became a star fort, following the addition of 12 bastions. The external fortifications reached 3 km in length and covered an area of 25,9 hectares.[1]
Most of the outer fortifications were demolished during the period of Napoleonic rule in Milan under the Cisalpine Republic. The semi-circular Piazza Castello was constructed around the city side of the castle, surrounded by a radial street layout of new urban blocks bounded by the Foro Buonoparte. The area on the "country" side of the castle was laid out as a vast 700m by 700m square parade ground known as Piazza d'Armi.
After the unification of Italy in the 19th century, the castle was transferred from military use to the city of Milan. Parco Sempione, one of the largest parks in the city, was created on the former parade grounds.
The government of Milan undertook restoration work, which was directed by Luca Beltrami. The Via Dante was cut through the medieval street layout in the 1880s to provide a direct promenade between the castle and the Duomo on axis with the main gate. The central Filarete tower above the main city entrance was rebuilt between 1900 and 1905 as a monument to King Umberto I.
Allied bombardment of Milan in 1943 during World War II severely damaged the castle. The post-war reconstruction of the building for museum purposes was undertaken by the BBPR architectural partnership.
Fro More Info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sforza_Castle
For More Info on Milan: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Back to my trip to Europe last year for a while!
Sforza Castle, Milan, day 6 of our Cosmos tour, October 5, 2012. We arrived late in the afternoon so didn't see all I wanted to see as we left very early the next morning. So not many good shots as it was too late in the day!
Castello Sforzesco (English: Sforza Castle) is a castle in Milan, Italy, that used to be the seat and residence of the Duchy of Milan and one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It now houses several of the city's museums and art collections.
The original construction on the site began in the 14th century. In 1450, Francesco Sforza began reconstruction of the castle, and it was further modified by later generations. A number of the rooms originally had elaborate internal decoration - the best known of these being the Sala Delle Asse, which contains ceiling paintings by Leonardo da Vinci.
After the French victory in the 1515 Battle of Marignano, the defeated Massimiliano Sforza, his Swiss mercenaries, and the cardinal-bishop of Sion retreated into the Castello Sforzesco. However, King Francis I of France followed them into Milan, and his sappers placed mines under the castle's foundations, whereupon the defenders capitulated.
Under the Spanish domination, the castle was developed: between 15th and 16th century, it had a garrison of some 1000 to 3000 men, and was one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It became a star fort, following the addition of 12 bastions. The external fortifications reached 3 km in length and covered an area of 25,9 hectares.
Most of the outer fortifications were demolished during the period of Napoleonic rule in Milan under the Cisalpine Republic. The semi-circular Piazza Castello was constructed around the city side of the castle, surrounded by a radial street layout of new urban blocks bounded by the Foro Buonoparte. The area on the "country" side of the castle was laid out as a vast 700m by 700m square parade ground known as Piazza d'Armi.
After the unification of Italy in the 19th century, the castle was transferred from military use to the city of Milan. Parco Sempione, one of the largest parks in the city, was created on the former parade grounds.
The government of Milan undertook restoration work, which was directed by Luca Beltrami. The Via Dante was cut through the medieval street layout in the 1880s to provide a direct promenade between the castle and the Duomo on axis with the main gate. The central Filarete tower above the main city entrance was rebuilt between 1900 and 1905 as a monument to King Umberto I.
Allied bombardment of Milan in 1943 during World War II severely damaged the castle. The post-war reconstruction of the building for museum purposes was undertaken by the BBPR architectural partnership.
Fro More Info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sforza_Castle
For More Info on Milan: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Back to my trip to Europe last year for a while!
Sforza Castle, Milan, day 6 of our Cosmos tour, October 5, 2012. We arrived late in the afternoon so didn't see all I wanted to see as we left very early the next morning. So not many good shots as it was too late in the day!
Castello Sforzesco (English: Sforza Castle) is a castle in Milan, Italy, that used to be the seat and residence of the Duchy of Milan and one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It now houses several of the city's museums and art collections.
The original construction on the site began in the 14th century. In 1450, Francesco Sforza began reconstruction of the castle, and it was further modified by later generations. A number of the rooms originally had elaborate internal decoration - the best known of these being the Sala Delle Asse, which contains ceiling paintings by Leonardo da Vinci.
After the French victory in the 1515 Battle of Marignano, the defeated Massimiliano Sforza, his Swiss mercenaries, and the cardinal-bishop of Sion retreated into the Castello Sforzesco. However, King Francis I of France followed them into Milan, and his sappers placed mines under the castle's foundations, whereupon the defenders capitulated.
Under the Spanish domination, the castle was developed: between 15th and 16th century, it had a garrison of some 1000 to 3000 men, and was one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It became a star fort, following the addition of 12 bastions. The external fortifications reached 3 km in length and covered an area of 25,9 hectares.[1]
Most of the outer fortifications were demolished during the period of Napoleonic rule in Milan under the Cisalpine Republic. The semi-circular Piazza Castello was constructed around the city side of the castle, surrounded by a radial street layout of new urban blocks bounded by the Foro Buonoparte. The area on the "country" side of the castle was laid out as a vast 700m by 700m square parade ground known as Piazza d'Armi.
After the unification of Italy in the 19th century, the castle was transferred from military use to the city of Milan. Parco Sempione, one of the largest parks in the city, was created on the former parade grounds.
The government of Milan undertook restoration work, which was directed by Luca Beltrami. The Via Dante was cut through the medieval street layout in the 1880s to provide a direct promenade between the castle and the Duomo on axis with the main gate. The central Filarete tower above the main city entrance was rebuilt between 1900 and 1905 as a monument to King Umberto I.
Allied bombardment of Milan in 1943 during World War II severely damaged the castle. The post-war reconstruction of the building for museum purposes was undertaken by the BBPR architectural partnership.
Fro More Info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sforza_Castle
For More Info on Milan: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
D802_566
22/08/2015 : Carpi (MO), piazza dei Martiri, palazzo dei Pio: museo monumento al Deportato (BBPR - Banfi, Belgioioso, Peressutti, Rogers, con Giuseppe Lanzani e Renato Guttuso, 1963-73)
cortile delle Stele
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Carpi (MO), piazza dei Martiri, Palazzo dei Pio, Museo monumento al deportato, cortile delle stele (sedici grandi stele, monoliti in cemento alti sei metri, recano i nomi di 60 campi di concentramento e di sterminio nazisti)
arch : studio BBPR (Belgioioso, Banfi, Peressutti e Rogers), Giuseppe Lanzani e Renato Guttuso, 1967
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Carpi (MO), piazza dei Martiri, Palazzo dei Pio, Museo monumento al deportato, cortile delle stele (sedici grandi stele, monoliti in cemento alti sei metri, recano i nomi di 60 campi di concentramento e di sterminio nazisti)
arch : studio BBPR (Belgioioso, Banfi, Peressutti e Rogers), Giuseppe Lanzani e Renato Guttuso, 1967
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: ROMA - La Call Internazionale 2016 è dedicata all’Area Archeologica Centrale di Roma ed in particolare al progetto di riqualificazione e risignificazione di Via dei Fori Imperiali, ACCADEMIA ADRIANEA (10|03|2016). Il bando in ITALIANO | Notice in ENGLISH.
ROMA - La Call Internazionale 2016 è dedicata all’Area Archeologica Centrale di Roma ed in particolare al progetto di riqualificazione e risignificazione di Via dei Fori Imperiali, ACCADEMIA ADRIANEA (10|03|2016).
ITALIANO - L’Accademia Adrianea di Architettura e Archeologia, in partnership con l’Ordine degli Architetti,
Pianificatori, Paesaggisti e Conservtori di Roma e Provincia e relativo Dipartimento beni culturali e
Areaconcorsi, bandisce la CALL FOR PROJECT INTERNAZIONALE PER VIA DEI FORI IMPERIALI A ROMA,
sul tema della riqualificazione e risignificazione dell’asse urbano, della comprensione e fruibilità del
patrimonio archeologico, architettonico e urbanistico in generale, connesso al tracciato monumentale
che collega Piazza Venezia con il Colosseo a Roma.
La Call si inserisce nel quadro dell’XIVa Edizione del Piranesi_Prix de Rome, che si svolgerà a
Roma e Villa Adriana dal 24 Agosto al 5 Settembre 2016 ed è strettamente connessa con il Convegno
Internazionale intitolato AREA CENTRALE DI ROMA. PROGETTI E IDEE PER VIA DEI FORI IMPERIALI, che
si terrà a Roma il 29 e 30 Agosto 2016, presso la sala Convegni de La Casa dell’Architettura Acquario
Romano, durante il quale verranno presentate le proposte progettuali.
ENGLISH - The Accademia Adrianea for Architecture and Archaeology, in partnership with the Ordine
degli Architetti, Pianificatori, Paesaggisti e Conservtori di Roma e Provincia and the related
Dipartimento Beni Culturali and Area Concorsi, establish the III INTERNATIONAL CALL FOR PROJECT for
VIA DEI FORI IMPERIALI on the issues of the requalification and re-signification of the urban axis, of the
understanding and usability of the archeological, architectural and urban, cultural heritage in general,
and in particular the monumental route that connects Piazza Venezia to the Colosseo in Rome.
The call is integral to the XIV Edition of the Piranesi_Prix de Rome, which will take place in
Rome and Villa Adriana from the 24th of August to the 5th of September 2016 and is also tied directly
to the International Conference “ROME’S CENTER. PROJECTS AND IDEAS FOR VIA DEI FORI IMPERIALI”
which will be held in Rome, at the Sala Convegni de la Casa Dell’Architettura Acquario Romano, on the
29th and 30th of August 2016, at which venue, the selected projects will be presented.
— PIRANESI PRIX DE ROME 2016 – XIV EDIZIONE – PRONTO IL BANDO PER IL CONCORSO SU VIA DEI FORI IMPERIALI, ACCADEMIA ADRIANEA di Architettura e Archeologia Onlus (02|2016).
Il 10 Marzo sarà pubblicato il bando di concorso di idee per Via dei Fori Imperiali, il primo dopo ottantadue anni dall’ultima consultazione concorsuale avente per oggetto la strada più discussa del mondo. Tale è infatti la distanza temporale che separa l’iniziativa dell’Accademia Adrianea di Architettura e Archeologia di Roma in collaborazione con l’Ordine degli Architetti, Paesaggisti, Pianificatori e Conservatori di Roma e provincia, dal celebre concorso per il Palazzo del Littorio al quale partecipò l’intera cultura architettonica di allora rappresentata da architetti come Giuseppe Terragni, Adalberto Libera, Luigi Moretti, Mario Ridolfi, Gio Ponti, i BBPR, per citarne solo alcuni. Dopo quella storica occasione, nessuna consultazione concorsuale è più stata bandita nonostante l’acceso dibattito che dagli anni Settanta ha, a più riprese, coinvolto il mondo della cultura sui temi del destino della Via
che collega Piazza Venezia con il Colosseo.
FONTE | SOURCE:
— ACCADEMIA ADRIANEA (10|03|2016).
lnx.accademiaadrianea.net/piranesiprixderome/professionis...
s.v.,
-- ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA: Maria Luisa Gottari, Prende il via il bando-concorso ‘Via dei Fori Imperiali’ a Roma Problemi archeologici con il fascio delle infrastrutture viarie e di trasporto, EDILIA2000 (08|03|2016). Foto: I Fori Imperiali & Via Dell’ Impero (G. Calza [1934] & L. Lenzi [1931]).
BBPRV²
(dittico su tabella affissa)
2x3
Un omaggio a due interventi milanesi del gruppo BBPR, la famosa Torre Velasca (1952-55) e la Chase Manatthan Bank (1958-69) , inseriti in due quadri del Veronese (1528-88).
nel primo caso sullo sfondo della Cena a nozze di Cana, la Torre si erge monolitica in tutta la sua gotica massività brutalista, al posto della precedente torre dal sapore classico di bifore e monofore; nel secondo caso, il colonnato porticato di Cena a casa di Levi viene sostituito dalla struttura in acciaio della Chase M. Bank, di forma sagomata a Y.
grazie ad Hannes Peer e Alien Attack per le foto.
ROBOCOOP
Milano, 2015
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Back to my trip to Europe last year for a while!
Sforza Castle, Milan, day 6 of our Cosmos tour, October 5, 2012. We arrived late in the afternoon so didn't see all I wanted to see as we left very early the next morning. So not many good shots as it was too late in the day!
Castello Sforzesco (English: Sforza Castle) is a castle in Milan, Italy, that used to be the seat and residence of the Duchy of Milan and one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It now houses several of the city's museums and art collections.
The original construction on the site began in the 14th century. In 1450, Francesco Sforza began reconstruction of the castle, and it was further modified by later generations. A number of the rooms originally had elaborate internal decoration - the best known of these being the Sala Delle Asse, which contains ceiling paintings by Leonardo da Vinci.
After the French victory in the 1515 Battle of Marignano, the defeated Massimiliano Sforza, his Swiss mercenaries, and the cardinal-bishop of Sion retreated into the Castello Sforzesco. However, King Francis I of France followed them into Milan, and his sappers placed mines under the castle's foundations, whereupon the defenders capitulated.
Under the Spanish domination, the castle was developed: between 15th and 16th century, it had a garrison of some 1000 to 3000 men, and was one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It became a star fort, following the addition of 12 bastions. The external fortifications reached 3 km in length and covered an area of 25,9 hectares.
Most of the outer fortifications were demolished during the period of Napoleonic rule in Milan under the Cisalpine Republic. The semi-circular Piazza Castello was constructed around the city side of the castle, surrounded by a radial street layout of new urban blocks bounded by the Foro Buonoparte. The area on the "country" side of the castle was laid out as a vast 700m by 700m square parade ground known as Piazza d'Armi.
After the unification of Italy in the 19th century, the castle was transferred from military use to the city of Milan. Parco Sempione, one of the largest parks in the city, was created on the former parade grounds.
The government of Milan undertook restoration work, which was directed by Luca Beltrami. The Via Dante was cut through the medieval street layout in the 1880s to provide a direct promenade between the castle and the Duomo on axis with the main gate. The central Filarete tower above the main city entrance was rebuilt between 1900 and 1905 as a monument to King Umberto I.
Allied bombardment of Milan in 1943 during World War II severely damaged the castle. The post-war reconstruction of the building for museum purposes was undertaken by the BBPR architectural partnership.
Fro More Info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sforza_Castle
For More Info on Milan: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Biennale di Venezia 2014 - 14th International Architecture Exhibition - Fundamentals.
Fundamentals consists of three interlocking exhibitions:
1.Absorbing Modernity 1914-2014 is an invitation to the national pavilions to show the process of the erasure of national characteristics.
2.Elements of Architecture, in the Central Pavilion, pays close attention to the fundamentals of our buildings used by any architect, anywhere, anytime.
3.Monditalia dedicates the Arsenale to a single theme – Italy – with exhibitions, events, and theatrical productions.
Alongside the Central Pavilion, built in 1894 and later restructured and extended several times, the Gardens are occupied by a further 29 pavilions built at different periods by the various nations participating in the Biennale. Set amidst tall trees, the pavilions themselves form a sort of anthology of important twentieth-century architecture - given they were designed by architects of the status of Aalto, Hoffmann, Rietveld, Scarpa and Stirling.
The pavilions were built over the years, in the following chronological order (name of the architect in brackets):
1907 Belgium (Léon Sneyens);
1909 Hungary (Géza Rintel Maróti);
1909 Germany (Daniele Donghi), demolished and rebuilt in 1938 (Ernst Haiger);
1909 Great Britain (Edwin Alfred Rickards);
1912 France (Umberto Bellotto);
1912 Netherlands (Gustav Ferdinand Boberg), demolished and rebuilt in 1953 (Gerrit Thomas Rietveld);
1914 Russia (Aleksej V. Scusev);
1922 Spain (Javier De Luque) façade renovated in 1952 by Joaquin Vaquero Palacios;
1926 Czech Republic and Slovak Republic (Otakar Novotny);
1930 United States of America (Chester Holmes Aldrich and William Adams Delano);
1932 Denmark (Carl Brummer) enlarged in 1958 by Peter Koch;
1932 Padiglione Venezia (Brenno Del Giudice), enlarged in 1938;
1934 Austria (Josef Hoffmann);
1934 Greece (M. Papandréou - B. Del Giudice);
1952 Israel (Zeev Rechter);
1952 Switzerland (Bruno Giacometti);
1954 Venezuela (Carlo Scarpa);
1956 Japan (Takamasa Yoshizaka);
1956 Finland (Alvar Aalto Pavilion);
1958 Canada (Gruppo BBPR);
1960 Uruguay;
1962 Nordic Countries: Sweden, Norway, Finland (Sverre Fehn);
1964 Brazil (Amerigo Marchesin);
1987 Australia (Philip Cox);
1995 Korea (Seok Chul Kim and Franco Mancuso).
Back to my trip to Europe last year for a while!
Sforza Castle, Milan, day 6 of our Cosmos tour, October 5, 2012. We arrived late in the afternoon so didn't see all I wanted to see as we left very early the next morning. So not many good shots as it was too late in the day!
Castello Sforzesco (English: Sforza Castle) is a castle in Milan, Italy, that used to be the seat and residence of the Duchy of Milan and one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It now houses several of the city's museums and art collections.
The original construction on the site began in the 14th century. In 1450, Francesco Sforza began reconstruction of the castle, and it was further modified by later generations. A number of the rooms originally had elaborate internal decoration - the best known of these being the Sala Delle Asse, which contains ceiling paintings by Leonardo da Vinci.
After the French victory in the 1515 Battle of Marignano, the defeated Massimiliano Sforza, his Swiss mercenaries, and the cardinal-bishop of Sion retreated into the Castello Sforzesco. However, King Francis I of France followed them into Milan, and his sappers placed mines under the castle's foundations, whereupon the defenders capitulated.
Under the Spanish domination, the castle was developed: between 15th and 16th century, it had a garrison of some 1000 to 3000 men, and was one of the biggest citadels in Europe. It became a star fort, following the addition of 12 bastions. The external fortifications reached 3 km in length and covered an area of 25,9 hectares.
Most of the outer fortifications were demolished during the period of Napoleonic rule in Milan under the Cisalpine Republic. The semi-circular Piazza Castello was constructed around the city side of the castle, surrounded by a radial street layout of new urban blocks bounded by the Foro Buonoparte. The area on the "country" side of the castle was laid out as a vast 700m by 700m square parade ground known as Piazza d'Armi.
After the unification of Italy in the 19th century, the castle was transferred from military use to the city of Milan. Parco Sempione, one of the largest parks in the city, was created on the former parade grounds.
The government of Milan undertook restoration work, which was directed by Luca Beltrami. The Via Dante was cut through the medieval street layout in the 1880s to provide a direct promenade between the castle and the Duomo on axis with the main gate. The central Filarete tower above the main city entrance was rebuilt between 1900 and 1905 as a monument to King Umberto I.
Allied bombardment of Milan in 1943 during World War II severely damaged the castle. The post-war reconstruction of the building for museum purposes was undertaken by the BBPR architectural partnership.
Fro More Info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sforza_Castle
For More Info on Milan: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
The Cimitero Monumentale ("Monumental Cemetery") is one of the two largest cemeteries in Milan, Italy, the other one being the Cimitero Maggiore. It is noted for the abundance of artistic tombs and monuments.
Designed by the architect Carlo Maciachini (1818–1899), it was planned to consolidate a number of small cemeteries that used to be scattered around the city into a single location.
Officially opened in 1866, it has since then been filled with a wide range of contemporary and classical Italian sculptures as well as Greek temples, elaborate obelisks, and other original works such as a scaled-down version of the Trajan's Column. Many of the tombs belong to noted industrialist dynasties, and have been designed by renowned artists such as Giò Ponti, Arturo Martini, Lucio Fontana, Medardo Rosso, Giacomo Manzù, Floriano Bodini, and Giò Pomodoro.
The main entrance is through the large Famedio, a massive Hall of Fame-like Neo-Medieval style building made of marble and stone that contains the tombs of some of the city's and the country's most honored citizens, including that of novelist Alessandro Manzoni.
The Civico Mausoleo Palanti designed by the architect Mario Palanti is a tomb built for meritorious "Milanesi", or citizens of Milan. The memorial of about 800 Milanese killed in Nazi concentration camps is located in the center and is the work of the group BBPR, formed by leading exponents of Italian rationalist architecture that included Gianluigi Banfi.
The cemetery has a special section for those who do not belong to the Catholic religion and a Jewish section.
Near the entrance there is a permeant exhibition of prints, photographs, and maps outlining the cemetery's historical development. It includes two battery-operated electric hearses built in the 1920s.
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...
Milan highlights:
Torre Velasca by BBPR from 1958 / Understanding Jacques Herzog's devastating criticism of the EXPO in Milan by visiting the EXPO in Milan / Edward Burtynsky's Aqua Shock photos at the Pallazzo della Ragione / Campari Spritzer at the Camparino in Galleria / sleeping to the sound of thunder and torrentuous rain / Armani Silos, both the exhibited fashion and also the close to 25 young, male custodians all dressed in Armani black attire / Superstudio Radical Art and Architecture exhibition at PAC / Fondazione Prada conceived by OMA/Rem Koolhaas / Bellini, Caravaggio, Veronese and Piero della Francesca at the Pinacoteca di Brera / Selfie Galore in front of the Duomo / Pizza / The Navigli and Tortona neighborhoods / P8 Jazz Radio with a live recording of Oscar Peterson Trio in Japan from the mid-1960's, red wine in a plastic cup and the new book from Michel Houellebecq in a hotel bed late at night ...