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Self-portrait - Best Seen LARGE
Day 95... count down to 100 starts now!
This was a drawing K and I did years ago when we were reconnecting and coming close again after an argument. Edit done today for fuggers GayFabulous challenge!!
FGR - Rainbows can be straight! + Dorks Unite
HAPPY BIRTHDAY MATEY-MIGHTY-MAITE!!!
21 questions to answer:
1.) Why is sex so sexy? everything is sexy, so why not sex, too?
2.) What kind of animal are you? cat - preferably big black kind like a panther (hey a dork can dream)
3.) What's grosser than gross? the smell of bacon on the grill - especially if I have got a migraine. Gross!
4.) How many licks does it take to get to the center of a tootsie pop? 54
5.) What was the best thing before sliced bread? a bread knife
6.) Do you poop in the woods? nah!!!! need a clean toilet everytime (I can pee in the woods though, given enough urgency)
7.) What's your favorite sammich? hummous and grilled veg
8.) What's your worst habit? apart from picking my nose?! umm... watching inane TV
9.) If a #2 Pencil is so popular then why is it still #2? middle child has got to get a look in
10.) What is your shoe size? 39, 6.5 or 8 depending on country
11.) When cheese gets it's picture taken, what does it say? ..........................
12.) What kind of shape are you? (duh like a square or like a circle) oval, most definitely oval
13.) What's yer sign baby? two
14.) What's yer job? hmm... charity fundraising, with a side-line in natural meds
15.) Big Bewbies or Small Bewbies? tiny titties
16.) Where are you from? planet earth (told you I was a dork!)
17.) Do you hang the tp ova or unda? heh? had to look that up. Over, definitely OVER!
18.) What's your phobia? heights, especially cliffs... but have recently discovered I can get a real high from confronting this fear - tis better than drugs (dork!!!)
19.) What do you wash first in the shower? whatever is to hand
20.) Have you ever stuck a foreign object up your nose? umm no...? (is this back to fingers again?)
21.) What do chickens think we taste like? snake
This is also week 7 of 52 weekly self-portraits
This is a reaction to yesterday's fiasco of a 365 shot - massive thanks to everyone who left encouraging comments but I haven't changed my mind about it - it still sucks.
You guys really made me feel better though so hats off to ya.
I've got a new plan now. What I'd like to get out of the next one hundred days is a solid grounding in the fundamentals. The art of taking a good photograph. This has become more and more important to me over the last week or so and hopefully it's been reflected in my 365, with less reliance placed on Photoshop and more shots taken on location so to speak. If I can call my back garden a location ha ha!
With this in mind I had a flick through a book my dad found at my grandparent's house. It's quite old (first published 1977 - older then me!) and of course it's all about film cameras but the fundamentals of photography aren't going to change so I figured I can get the theory from this book and translate it to the digital age.
I read up about depth of field this morning - I love a bit of bokeh so I thought it'd be a good place to start.
I think I understand it a bit better now and I wanted to put into practise what I'd learnt so . . . I spent a bit of time in the back garden this morning trying it out.
I've decided, after yesterday's disappointment at getting some nice shots at Nothe Fort ruined by me lazily auto-focusing, to use manual focus as much as possible. This way I'll get what I want in focus instead of what the camera decides. It took me exactly fourty-four shots to get this one - I had one other serious contender but the detail was clearer in this one.
I put it through Lightroom to boost the greens - basically I whacked all the sliders pertaining to the colour green up to 100.
I know that the bokeh in this shot isn't really bokeh, but the maximum I could stop the aperture down to was about 5.3ish and the background wasn't that far behind me. I got the focus right - took about half an hour though! I'd like to get at least one shot with some as-serious-as-I-can-get-for-the-aperture bokeh this week . . . just have to wait and see if I make it any further than the back yard.
I'm not going to deprive myself of Photoshop totally but for the time being I'm going to try and put some photo theory into practise.
Uh, and the reason I was wearing a beanie in the bright, warm sunshine was because I'd only just finished watching Match of the Day and hadn't had time to get ready. I had bedhead OK?! That might also explain why I look so damn rough - taking photos early in the morning is not good for the looks ha ha!
I'll finish talking about this shot by saying I'm really pleased how it's come out. I might even do a depth of field mini-series this week . . . if nothing else it'll be good practise. Real edgy stuff eh?
Yeah, right . . . ummm . . . what did I do today? Well, it didn't start off too well, I had to suffer watching Man Utd lose 2-1 to Liverpool on Match of the Day, much to Joe's delight. By all accounts we were complete arse and deserved to lose - and this is against Liverpool with two of their big players missing. Gutted.
Then I compouded my misery by tripping the electricity while making toast! It wasn't till about half an hour ago me and Lydia realised we hadn't turned the freezer back on so everything in it was slowly melting and/or going rotten. Bugger.
We had a band rehearsal this afternoon. Things didn't go too well to start with, none of us had learnt all the songs and we had to work really hard to get anything done. The songs we ran through today were:
Monkeywrench - Foo Fighters
Slide Away - Oasis
Wake Me Up When September Ends - Green Day (this one's for the punters, none of us are that into it)
Bodysnatchers - Radiohead
Enter Sandman - Metallica
It's fair to say that Bodysnatchers was a total bust - it sounds quite simple but when you break it down it's so bloody complicated! And it treads a very fine line between sounding great and sounding shite. We sounded like the latter. The trouble with it is that the guitar sound (actually the three different guitar parts and their sounds) has to be just right to make it work or it ends up sounding like a dirge. We've put that one on the backburner for a while.
Slide Away should've been easy, it's Oasis for god's sake, but I'd forgotten everything bar the main solo so it was a bit of a struggle. It was sounding better the last time we played it though so it might make it into the next set. Just needs tightening up.
Monkeywrench sounded pretty good straight off, again a bit more tightening up is all that's needed and I think that'll make it into the set for the next gig.
Wake Me Up . . . sounded pretty damn good from the outset. I had to learn it on the spot because I hadn't run through it before so when we figured out where the guitars drop in and out that actually sounded good.
Enter Sandman . . . we've played this one before at a gig but it was only because a load of people were shouting at us to play it after Wayne started jamming the riff. We made it up to the solo before it went tits-up but that made us think it'd be a good one to learn - people went mental for it!
We spent a good hour on it learning it in chunks, working out the stops and starts and putting the bits and pieces together, but still couldn't make it through the whole song in one go. It wasn't until the last run-through that we nailed it and even Lydia said it sounded really good. And she can't stand Metallica. I think we'll be playing it at out next gig (October 4th) and I'm really looking forward to it - we'll be playing a song by one of my favourite bands!
So after a tricky start we came away with four songs that should be gig ready after our next practise, which isn't bad. The most pleasing thing for me was that while it wasn't going well for a long time we all stayed cool, supported each other and there was no childish arguments, which a couple of months ago would've been par for the course. And because we all stayed cool we got something out of it, whereas before we'd have parted on bad terms and there would've been a barrage of accusing emails the next day. So three cheers for the new, all growed up Konar-T.
Siena è un comune di 54.391 abitanti della Toscana centrale, capoluogo dell'omonima provincia.
La città è universalmente conosciuta per il suo patrimonio artistico e per la sostanziale unità stilistica del suo arredo urbano medievale, nonché per il suo famoso Palio; il centro storico è stato infatti dichiarato dall'UNESCO patrimonio dell'umanità nel 1995.
Siena fu fondata come colonia romana al tempo dell'Imperatore Augusto e prese il nome di Saena Iulia.
All'interno del centro storico senese sono stati ritrovati dei siti di epoca etrusca, che possono far pensare alla fondazione della città da parte degli etruschi.
Il primo documento noto in cui viene citata la comunità senese risale al 70 e porta la firma di Tacito che, nel IV libro delle Historiae, riporta il seguente episodio: il senatore Manlio Patruito riferì a Roma di essere stato malmenato e ridicolizzato con un finto funerale durante la sua visita ufficiale a Saena Iulia, piccola colonia militare della Tuscia. Il Senato romano decise di punire i principali colpevoli e di richiamare severamente i senesi a un maggiore rispetto verso l'autorità.
Dell'alto Medioevo non si hanno documenti che possano illuminare intorno ai casi della vita civile a Siena. C'è qualche notizia relativa alla istituzione del vescovado e della diocesi, specialmente per le questioni sorte fra il Vescovo di Siena e quello di Arezzo, a causa dei confini della zona giurisdizionale di ciascuno: questioni nelle quali intervenne il re longobardo Liutprando, pronunziando sentenza a favore della diocesi aretina. Ma i senesi non furono soddisfatti e pertanto nell'anno 853, quando l'Italia passò dalla dominazione longobarda a quella franca, riuscirono ad ottenere l'annullamento della sentenza emanata dal re Liutprando. Pare, dunque, che al tempo dei Longobardi, Siena fosse governata da un gastaldo, rappresentante del re: Gastaldo che fu poi sostituito da un Conte imperiale dopo l'incoronazione di Carlo Magno. Il primo conte di cui si hanno notizie concrete fu Winigi, figlio di Ranieri, nel 867. Dopo il 900 regnava a Siena l'imperatore Ludovico III, il cui regno non durò così a lungo, dal momento che nel 903 le cronache raccontano di un ritorno dei conti al potere sotto il nuovo governo del re Berengario.
Siena si ritrova nel X secolo al centro di importanti vie commerciali che portavano a Roma e, grazie a ciò divenne un'importante città medievale. Nel XII secolo la città si dota di ordinamenti comunali di tipo consolare, comincia a espandere il proprio territorio e stringe le prime alleanze. Questa situazione di rilevanza sia politica che economica, portano Siena a combattere per i domini settentrionali della Toscana, contro Firenze. Dalla prima metà del XII secolo in poi Siena prospera e diventa un importante centro commerciale, tenendo buoni rapporti con lo Stato della Chiesa; i banchieri senesi erano un punto di riferimento per le autorità di Roma, ai quali si rivolgevano per prestiti o finanziamenti.
Alla fine del XII secolo Siena, sostenendo la causa ghibellina (anche se non mancavano, le famiglie senesi di parte guelfa, in sintonia con Firenze), si ritrovò nuovamente contro Firenze di parte guelfa: celebre è la vittoria sui toscani guelfi nella battaglia di Montaperti, del 1260, celebrata anche da Dante Alighieri. Ma dopo qualche anno i senesi ebbero la peggio nella battaglia di Colle Val d'Elsa, del 1269, che portò in seguito, nel 1287, alla ascesa del Governo
dei Nove, di parte guelfa. Sotto questo nuovo governo, Siena raggiunse il suo massimo splendore, sia economico che culturale.
Dopo la peste del 1348, cominciò la lenta decadenza della Repubblica di Siena, che comunque non precluse la strada all'espansione territoriale senese, che fino al giorno della caduta della Repubblica comprendeva un terzo della toscana. La fine della Repubblica Senese, forse l'unico Stato occidentale ad attuare una democrazia pura a favore del popolo, avvenne il 25 aprile 1555, quando la città, dopo un assedio di oltre un anno, dovette arrendersi stremata dalla fame, all'impero di Carlo V, spalleggiato dai fiorentini, che cedette in feudo il territorio della Repubblica ai Medici, Signori di Firenze, per ripagarli delle spese sostenute durante la guerra. Per l'ennesima volta i cittadini senesi riuscirono a tenere testa ad un imperatore, che solo grazie alle proprie smisurate risorse poté piegare la fiera resistenza di questa piccola Repubblica e dei suoi cittadini.
Dopo la caduta della Repubblica pochi senesi guidati peraltro dall'esule fiorentino Piero Strozzi, non volendo accettare la caduta della Repubblica, si rifugiarono in Montalcino, creando la Repubblica di Siena riparata in Montalcino, mantenendo l'alleanza con la Francia, che continuò ad esercitare il proprio potere sulla parte meridionale del territorio della Repubblica, creando notevoli problemi alle truppe degli odiati fiorentini. Essa visse fino al 31 maggio del 1559 quando fu tradita dagli alleati francesi, che Siena aveva sempre sostenuto, che concludendo la pace di Cateau-Cambrésis con l'imperatore Carlo V, cedettero di fatto la Repubblica ai fiorentini.
Lo stemma di Siena è detto "balzana". È uno scudo diviso in due porzioni orizzontali: quella superiore è bianca, quella inferiore nera,con la Lupa che allatta Senio e Ascanio. Secondo la leggenda, starebbe a simboleggiare il fumo nero e bianco scaturito dalla pira augurale che i leggendari fondatori della città, Senio e Ascanio, figli di Remo, avrebbero acceso per ringraziare gli dei dopo la fondazione della città di Siena. Un'altra leggenda riporta che la balzana derivi dai colori dei cavalli, uno bianco ed uno nero, che Senio e Ascanio usarono nella fuga dallo zio Romolo che li voleva uccidere e con i quali giunsero a Siena. Per il loro presunto carattere focoso che, si dice, rasenta la pazzia, anche i senesi sono definiti spesso "balzani".
Siena (em português também conhecida como Sena) é uma cidade e sede de comuna italiana na região da Toscana, província do mesmo nome, com cerca de 52.775 (ISTAT 2003) habitantes. Estende-se por uma área de 118 km2, tendo uma densidade populacional de 447 hab/km2. Faz fronteira com Asciano, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Monteriggioni, Monteroni d'Arbia e Sovicille.
Siena é universalmente conhecida pelo seu património artístico e pela notável unidade estilística do seu centro histórico, classificado pela UNESCO como Património da Humanidade.
Segundo a mitologia romana, Siena foi fundada por Sénio, filho de Remo, e podem-se encontrar numerosas estátuas e obras de arte mostrando, tal como em Roma, os irmãos amamentados pela loba. Foi um povoamento etrusco e depois colónia romana (Saena Julia) refundada pelo imperador Augusto. Era, contudo, uma pequena povoação, longe das rotas principais do Império. No século V, torna-se sede de uma diocese cristã.
As antigas famílias aristocráticas de Siena reclamam origem nos Lombardos e à data da submissão da Lombardia a Carlos Magno (774). A grande influência da cidade como pólo cultural, artístico e político é iniciada no século XII, quando se converte num burgo autogovernado de cariz republicano, substituindo o esquema feudal.
Todavia, o esquema político conduziu sempre a lutas internas entre nobres e externas com a cidade rival de Florença. Data do século XIII a ruptura entre as facções rivais dos Guibelinos de Siena e dos Guelfos de Florença, que seria argumento para a Divina Comédia de Dante.
Em 4 de Setembro de 1260, os Guibelinos apoiaram as forças do rei Manfredo da Sicília e derrotaram os Guelfos em Montaperti, que tinham um exército muito superior em armas e homens. Antes da batalha, toda a cidade fora consagrada à Virgem Maria e confiada à sua protecção. Hoje, essa protecção é recordada e renovada, lembrando os sienenses da ameaça dos aliados da Segunda Guerra Mundial de bombardearam a cidade em 1944, o que felizmente não veio a acontecer.
Siena rivalizou no campo das artes durante o período medieval até o século XIV com as cidades vizinhas. Porém, devastada em 1348 pela Peste Negra, nunca recuperou o seu esplendor, perdendo também a sua rivalidade interurbana com Florença. A Siena actual tem um aspecto muito semelhante ao dos séculos XIII-XIV. Detém uma universidade fundada em 1203, famosa pelas faculdades de Direito e Medicina, e que é uma das mais prestigiadas universidades italianas.
Em 1557 perde a independência e é integrada nas formações políticas e administrativas da Toscana.
Siena também deu vários Papas, sendo eles: Alexandre III, Pio II, Pio III e Alexandre VII.
Os dois grandes santos de Siena são Santa Catarina (1347-1380) e São Bernardino (1380-1444). Catarina Benincasa, filha de um humilde tintureiro, fez-se irmã na Ordem Terceira dominicana (para leigos)e viveu como monja na casa dos pais. É famosa pelo intercâmbio interior com o próprio Cristo, que num êxtase lhe disse: "Eu sou aquele que é e tú és aquela que não é". Apesar da origem modesta, influenciou papas e príncipes com sua sabedoria e seu exemplo, conseguindo inclusive convencer o papa de então, contra a maioria dos cardeais, a regressar a Roma do exílio de Avinhon na França. Quanto ao franciscano São Bernardino, ele é célebre por ter sido o maior expoente, no Catolicismo, da via espiritual de invocação do Nome Divino, que encontra similares em todas as grandes religiões, do Budismo (nembutsu) ao Islã ([[dhikr]]) e ao Hinduísmo (mantra). Os sermões que Bernbardino fez na praça central de Siena provocaram tal fervor religioso e devoção ao nome de Jesus que o conselho municipal decidiu colocar o monograma do nome de Jesus (composto pelas letras IHS, significando "Jesus salvador dos homens")na fachada do prédio do governo. Do mesmo modo, muitos cidadãos o pintaram sobre as fachadas de suas casas, como até hoje se pode ver na cidade.
Siena also widely spelled Sienna in English) is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena.
The historic centre of Siena has been declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site. It is one of the nation's most visited tourist attractions, with over 163,000 international arrivals in 2008.[1] Siena is famous for its cuisine, art, museums, medieval cityscape and the palio.
Siena, like other Tuscan hill towns, was first settled in the time of the Etruscans (c. 900–400 BC) when it was inhabited by a tribe called the Saina. The Etruscans were an advanced people who changed the face of central Italy through their use of irrigation to reclaim previously unfarmable land, and their custom of building their settlements in well-defended hill-forts. A Roman town called Saena Julia was founded at the site in the time of the Emperor Augustus. The first document mentioning it dates from AD 70. Some archaeologists assert that Siena was controlled for a period by a Gaulish tribe called the Saenones.
The Roman origin accounts for the town's emblem: a she-wolf suckling infants Romulus and Remus. According to legend, Siena was founded by Senius, son of Remus, who was in turn the brother of Romulus, after whom Rome was named. Statues and other artwork depicting a she-wolf suckling the young twins Romulus and Remus can be seen all over the city of Siena. Other etymologies derive the name from the Etruscan family name "Saina," the Roman family name of the "Saenii," or the Latin word "senex" ("old") or the derived form "seneo", "to be old".
Siena did not prosper under Roman rule. It was not sited near any major roads and lacked opportunities for trade. Its insular status meant that Christianity did not penetrate until the 4th century AD, and it was not until the Lombards invaded Siena and the surrounding territory that it knew prosperity. After the Lombard occupation, the old Roman roads of Via Aurelia and the Via Cassia passed through areas exposed to Byzantine raids, so the Lombards rerouted much of their trade between the Lombards' northern possessions and Rome along a more secure road through Siena. Siena prospered as a trading post, and the constant streams of pilgrims passing to and from Rome provided a valuable source of income in the centuries to come.
The oldest aristocratic families in Siena date their line to the Lombards' surrender in 774 to Charlemagne. At this point, the city was inundated with a swarm of Frankish overseers who married into the existing Sienese nobility and left a legacy that can be seen in the abbeys they founded throughout Sienese territory. Feudal power waned however, and by the death of Countess Matilda in 1115 the border territory of the Mark of Tuscia which had been under the control of her family, the Canossa, broke up into several autonomous regions.
Siena prospered as a city-state, becoming a major centre of money lending and an important player in the wool trade. It was governed at first directly by its bishop, but episcopal power declined during the 12th century. The bishop was forced to concede a greater say in the running of the city to the nobility in exchange for their help during a territorial dispute with Arezzo, and this started a process which culminated in 1167 when the commune of Siena declared its independence from episcopal control. By 1179, it had a written constitution.
This period was also crucial in shaping the Siena we know today. It was during the early 13th century that the majority of the construction of the Siena Cathedral (Duomo) was completed. It was also during this period that the Piazza del Campo, now regarded as one of the most beautiful civic spaces in Europe, grew in importance as the centre of secular life. New streets were constructed leading to it, and it served as the site of the market and the location of various sporting events (perhaps better thought of as riots, in the fashion of the Florentine football matches that are still practised to this day). A wall was constructed in 1194 at the current site of the Palazzo Pubblico to stop soil erosion, an indication of how important the area was becoming as a civic space.
In the early 12th century a self-governing commune replaced the earlier aristocratic government. The consuls who governed the republic slowly became more inclusive of the poblani, or common people, and the commune increased its territory as the surrounding feudal nobles in their fortified castles submitted to the urban power. Siena's republic, struggling internally between nobles and the popular party, usually worked in political opposition to its great rival, Florence, and was in the 13th century predominantly Ghibelline in opposition to Florence's Guelph position (this conflict formed the backdrop for some of Dante's Commedia).
On 4 September 1260 the Sienese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeated the Florentine Guelphs in the Battle of Montaperti. Before the battle, the Sienese army of around 20,000 faced a much larger Florentine army of around 33,000. Prior to the battle, the entire city was dedicated to the Virgin Mary (this was done several times in the city's history, most recently in 1944 to guard the city from Allied bombs). The man given command of Siena for the duration of the war, Bonaguida Lucari, walked barefoot and bareheaded, a halter around his neck, to the Duomo. Leading a procession composed of all the city's residents, he was met by all the clergy. Lucari and the bishop embraced, to show the unity of church and state, then Lucari formally gave the city and contrade to the Virgin. Legend has it that a thick white cloud descended on the battlefield, giving the Sienese cover and aiding their attack. The reality was that the Florentine army launched several fruitless attacks against the Sienese army during the day, then when the Sienese army countered with their own offensive, traitors within the Florentine army killed the standard bearer and in the resulting chaos, the Florentine army broke up and fled the battlefield. Almost half the Florentine army (some 15,000 men) were killed as a result. So crushing was the defeat that even today if the two cities meet in any sporting event, the Sienese supporters are likely to exhort their Florentine counterparts to “Remember Montaperti!”.
The limits on the Roman town, were the earliest known walls to the city. During the 10th and 11th centuries, the town grew to the east and later to the north, in what is now the Camollia district. Walls were built to totally surround the city, and a second set was finished by the end of the 13th century. Much of these walls still exist today.[2]
Siena's university, founded in 1240 and famed for its faculties of law and medicine, is still among the most important Italian universities. Siena rivalled Florence in the arts throughout the 13th and 14th centuries: the important late medieval painter Duccio di Buoninsegna (1253–1319) was a Sienese, but worked across the peninsula, and the mural of "Good Government" by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in the Palazzo Pubblico, or town hall, is a magnificent example of late-Medieval/early Renaissance art as well as a representation of the utopia of urban society as conceived during that period. Siena was devastated by the Black Death of 1348, and also suffered from ill-fated financial enterprises. In 1355, with the arrival of Charles IV of Luxembourg in the city, the population rose and suppressed the government of the Nove (Nine), establishing that Dodici (Twelve) nobles assisted by a council with a popular majority. This was also short-lived, being replaced by the Quindici (Fifteen) reformers in 1385, the Dieci (Ten, 1386–1387), Undici (Eleven, 1388–1398) and Twelve Priors (1398–1399) who, in the end, gave the city's seigniory to Gian Galeazzo Visconti of Milan in order to defend it from the Florentine expansionism.
In 1404 the Visconti were expelled and a government of Ten Priors established, in alliance with Florence against King Ladislas of Naples. With the election of the Sienese Pius II as Pope, the Piccolomini and other noble families were allowed to return to the government, but after his death the control returned into popular hands. In 1472 the Republic founded the Monte dei Paschi, a bank that is still active today and is the oldest surviving bank in the world. The noble factions returned in the city under Pandolfo Petrucci in 1487, with the support of Florence and of Alfonso of Calabria; Petrucci exerted an effective rule on the city until his death in 1512, favouring arts and sciences, and defending it from Cesare Borgia. Pandolfo was succeeded by his son Borghese, who was ousted by his cousin Raffaello, helped by the Medici Pope Leo X. The last Petrucci was Fabio, exiled in 1523 by the Sienese people. Internal strife resumed, with the popular faction ousting the Noveschi party supported by Clement VII: the latter sent an army, but was defeated at Camollia in 1526. Emperor Charles V took advantage of the chaotic situation to put a Spanish garrison in Siena. The citizens expelled it in 1552, allying with France: this was unacceptable for Charles, who sent his general Gian Giacomo Medici to lay siege to it with a Florentine-Imperial army.
The Sienese government entrusted its defence to Piero Strozzi. When the latter was defeated at the Battle of Marciano (August 1554), any hope of relief was lost. After 18 months of resistance, it surrendered to Spain on 17 April 1555, marking the end of the Republic of Siena. The new Spanish King Philip, owing huge sums to the Medici, ceded it (apart a series of coastal fortress annexed to the State of Presidi) to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, to which it belonged until the unification of Italy in the 19th century. A Republican government of 700 Sienese families in Montalcino resisted until 1559.
The picturesque city remains an important cultural centre, especially for humanist disciplines
© Álbum 0493
By Catedrales e Iglesias
Arquidiócesis de México
Sitio Oficial de la Arquidiócesis de México
www.arquidiocesismexico.org.mx/
San Bernardino de Siena
Av. Nuevo León 24 Bis
Col. Barrio Santa Crucita C.P. 16070
Del. Xochimilco
Tel. 5676-0148
Tel. 5676-8646
Tomado del libro: Xochimilco y sus monumentos Históricos.
De Araceli Peralta Flores y Jorge Rojas Ramírez,
Departamento del Distrito Federal Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 1992, México.
Situado en el centro de Xochimilco ya que en torno a el ha girado una buena parte de la historia de pueblo. "Tanto a los conquistadores como a los evangelios, la construcción de esta iglesia les sirvió como punto de cohesión e identidad social, en cuanto que le permitió una armonía entre el indígena, el español y los primeros mestizos.
Xochimilco hacia 1524. George Kubler, en su libro: Arquitectura Mexicana del siglo XVI señala, que la iglesia y en convento tuvieron varias etapas constructivas que abarcaron desde 1530 hasta el año 1600. Para 1538 San Bernardino contaba ya con convento; hacia 1546 fray Francisco de Soto, uno de los once compañeros de fray Martín de Valencia, tomo la dirección y la supervisión de la obra; en 1585 se terminaron los dormitorios, la iglesia, las celdas, las viviendas y las dependencias. Para 1609 funcionó el colegio conventual de Xochimilco en donde se dieron clases de retórica, teología, artes y oficios.
Gran parte del dinero que se requirió para llevar a cabo la obra fue aportado por los indios principales de Xochimilco, siendo Martín Cerón de Álvaro uno de los más generosos .
Ante la escasez de frailes, en 1538, los franciscanos decidieron retirar los que habían en Xochimilco, dejando el convento como visita del grande de México. Los indios se opusieron con ruegos y llantos a esta determinación, logrando que se quedaran dos frailes para su convento.
En 1569 moraban en el convento cuatro religiosos que tenían a su cargo el adoctrinamiento de cinco mil indios. Cuando Fray Jerónimo de Mendieta fue guardián del convento, los indios del pueblo se agruparon por barrios en el atrio para adoctrinarse y contarse. Hacia 1585 el número de evangelizadores aumentó a seis.
La iglesia y el convento de San Bernardino tuvo trece pueblos de visita: Santiago Tepalcatlalpan, San Lucas Xochimanca, San Mateo Pochtla, San Miguel Topilejo, San Francisco Tlalnepantla, San Salvador Cuautenco, Santa Cecilia Ahuautla, San Andrés Ocoyoacac, San Lorenzo Tlatecpan, San Martín Tiatilpan, Santa Maria Nativitas Zacapan y Santa Cruz Acalpixcan.
Otro suceso importante de índole religioso se dio en el siglo XVII. En este siglo había fuertes diferencias entre los frailes peninsulares y criollos por querer ocupar los cargos mas altos, por lo que los criollos de la Provincia del Santo Evangelio, escribieron a Paulo V desde Xochimilco -en enero de 1614- solicitándole que los favoreciera con estos cargos. Lograron obtener un orden a través de la cual tanto criollos como peninsulares podían turnarse cada tres años en el provincialato y otras jerarquías.
En cuanto a los bienes muebles de San Bernardino destaca el retablo mayor de Xochimilco, que data del siglo XVI solo comparable en calidad con el de Huejotzingo, Puebla y del que se han hecho estudios muy detallados de su composición, y es considerado como una obra de gran valor artístico e iconográfico.
Por lo que toca a los retablos laterales tenemos el de Cristo, ubicado en el segundo tramo del lado norte. Data del siglo XVI; esta incompleto en su base y en sus calles laterales. El de la Sagrada Familia localizado en el segundo tramo del lado sur, corresponde a los siglos XVII-XVIII. El de la Virgen Purísima ubicada en el tercer tramo del lado sur, es del siglo XII-XVIII (no se encuentra en el lugar original y esta incompleto en su base). El de Cristo situado en el cuarto tramo del lado sur, data del siglo XVI - XVII. Otro de Cristo localizado en el quinto tramo del lado sur, corresponde a finales del siglo XVII (esta incompleto en su base). El de la Virgen del Carmen con las ánimas del purgatorio ubicado en el quinto tramo del lado norte, es del siglo XVII. El del Martirio de San Pedro situado en el sexto tramo del lado sur, data del siglo XVII-XVIII, este retablo fue hecho sin tener un diseño arquitectónico y no tiene columnas, arquitrabes ni frasos. El de la pasión de Cristo situado en el sexto tramo del lado norte corresponde al siglo XVII (esta incompleto y se encuentra en malas condiciones de estabilidad): El de San Sebastián Mártir ubicado en el séptimo tramo del lado, es del siglo XVIII. Sobre la historia de este ultimo retablo García Granados dice que en 1576 la población de Xochimilco fue afectada seriamente por el cocolixtle, por lo que Fray Jerónimo de Mendieta echó suerte para saber a que santo debían encomendarse, saliendo agraciado el Apóstol Santiago. Pasado un año y en vista que la peste no disminuía decidió encomendarlos a San Sebastián, con lo que el cocolixtle desapareció. En agradecimiento a estos santos les mandó construir sus retablos a ambos lados del altar mayor.
Tanto en el templo como en el convento existen pinturas, esculturas y tallas de gran calidad realizadas por grandes artistas. De las pinturas destacan las de Echave Orio, padre e hijo probablemente Simón Pereyns, Sánchez Salmerón Caravaggio y Francisco Martínez. Sobresalen las culturas de Luis Arciniegas y Juan Martínez Montañés.
La fina silleria tallada en cedro rojo, compuesta por seis sítiales divididos por brazos, así como los dos púlpitos que se encuentran en el templo, fueron hechos por el ebanista Juan Rojas en el siglo XVIII.
A finales del siglo XIX, el arquitecto Mariano Lezano construyó un ciprés de estilo neoclásico que cubría buena parte del retablo mayor. Años más tarde el arquitecto Roberto Álvarez Espinoza realizó unos estudios y elaboró unos planos con objeto de retirar el ciprés argumentando que éste tapaba el retablo del siglo XVI.
La década de los sesentas fue una de las más difíciles en lo que corresponde a la restauración del templo y del convento, ya que se realizaron en ellos intervenciones que afectaron tanto elementos arquitectónicos como a los retablos, pinturas y esculturas. Dicho trabajos se hicieron sin contar con un proyecto de restauración que científicamente apoyará los criterios de conservación y tampoco se consideró aplicar la tecnología más apropiada para cada caso.
Cabe señalar que en los años sesenta el atrio de la iglesia suscitó conflictos al quererse utilizar este espacio para otros fines. De hecho la esquina suroeste se encontraba ocupada por las escuelas primarias Vicente Riva Palacio y la Ignacio Ramírez, lo que dio pauta para que surgieran solicitudes en las que se pedía construir en lo quedaba del atrio un deportivo, y poder utilizar ese espacio para llevar acabo exposiciones ganaderas. De los dos últimos proyectos ninguno fue aprobado y hasta los años setenta. Las primeras fueron reubicadas quedando de ese modo el atrio libre de construcciones ajenas a su uso original.
... Complementar el exconvento franciscano de Xochimilco es situarse en la mística del encuentro del hombre consigo mismo, con el universo y con lo sobrenatural. ... Los alarifes lograron con su modestia una obra sobria realizada con ayuda indígena en sus acabados, fundiéndose el arte indígena y la cultura occidental, reafirmando así el nuevo pensamiento español. ... El conjunto guarda los cánones y la organización especial clásica de los conventos de la Nueva España: El Templo tiene vista al oriente y el claustro al costado sur, que lo protege de los vientos dominantes. ... El atrio es una típica solución americana .
Servia como espacio intermedio entre el interior y el exterior, para llevar acabo en el ceremonias que permitieran una gran concentración de gente. ... El espacio interior... Originalmente tenía techumbre y alfarje de madera, que fueron posteriormente sustituidos por bóvedas. Esto hizo necesario un nuevo entendimiento en el acomodado de su necesario un nuevo entendimiento acomodado geometría integrado estribos y botares a la estructura, destacando una cuyo forma de arco llamarían los estudios de "por tranquil o rampante", el cual sigue en empuje natural de la bóveda como si fuera caída de agua .
... cabe señalar que este tipo de solución estructural fue típica de Xochimilco, con la idea de reforzar las capillas y los templos, contra el hundimiento y desplome, ya que el suelo es altamente compresible y débil. ...El templo cuenta con una fachada en la que destaca la portada... un arco de medio punto, pilastras empotradas y enjutas, rematando a las pilastras una ventana coral de perfil mixtilínea. La fachada culmina con un almenado que la asemeja a una construcción militar; de ahí la idea equivocada de haber sido este tipo de conventos mal llamados conventos fortaleza. Casi al nivel del almenado se encuentra un reloj que muestra el aporte del siglo XIX. ...Hay que destacar los contrafuertes y arbotantes que flanquean la construcción porque representan el avance tecnológico de la época y el perfecto conocimiento de los materiales utilizados. La cúpula del templo, se terminó er. 1700... El doctor Atl nos dice "es probable que (sea) la cúpula más antigua de México y por una rara coincidencia la que parece derivarse más directamente del gran domo de Bruneleschi". ...Cada espacio al interior de las crujías es necesario imaginarlo con su humilde mobiliario de madera aparente o acabado con aceite de linaza, compuesto por una lámpara de aceite para iluminar el recinto, una cama de tablas y una especie de cómoda o ropero.
En la parte exterior encontramos la capilla de la Tercera Orden, compuesta por una sola nave de cuatro tramos que corresponden a finales del siglo XVII, cuya portada en cierta forma nos recuerda la porciúncula puerta de acceso lateral a la nave del templo principal, misma que guarda un significado especial para la orden franciscana.
El convento de San Bernardino muestra en su conjunto, con orgullo, la mano de obra de quienes lo pensaron y lo hicieron, convirtiendo en poemas sintetizados en su arquitectura.
Investigación
Mara González Guine
The argument molecules stayed in his head for awhile until the built to a bursting pressure and he had to let them out, had to make a call, and had to raise his voice. Even though he was in public, he couldn't care any longer because of the insane pressure against his skull all over his brain. He thought he might have an aneurysm if he didn't release them.
And so, the Argument Molecules were born into fruition and entered the man's exterior like ink blots on the world. They left his mouth, his ears, his eyes, his nose. They dwelt in the wet places and the dry ones too. They lingered around and played with bacteria. They changed the mood of the people around the man for the rest of the day.
Lonely mothers shrilly silenced their cherished child that night and wondered, "But why oh why am I so very angry?"
The Molecules had taken over, you see, and there wasn't anything anyone could do about it any longer.
**All photos are copyrighted. Please don't use without permission**
The New York Times Ethicist recently published a "ruling" on the ethics of AI generative art. He was responding to a person who wanted to use an Etsy image but was concerned the seller was profiting off the work of artists used to train generative AI. The Ethicist pointed out that artists have always stood on the shoulders of other artists, an argument that resonates with me. The image you see here is not simply the result of prompting an image in Midjourney because I made quite a few changes to it in Kira, using the Stable Diffusion plugin and using my digital painting skills and tools (like rearranging the chickens, recreating the woman in the distance, giving the man a hat etc.). But my influence on the image goes deeper. I used Midjourney's personalize parameter to generate images that reflect my aesthetic, color choices, brush work, level of detail and so on. The training was simple. I was given four thousand sets of widely diverse images and told to choose one of them. In other words, this is my unconscious "style." Unconscious because I did not deliberately tell Midjourney everything I prefer when I am painting. And in the act of grabbing from the gush of images this personalization parameter produced, I chose this image. Probably because I have re-discovered NC Wyeth who is famous for his illustrations of the old childhood novel "Treasure Island." He influences how I use illustration to tell stories. And Edward Hopper influences the mood of my work. And Norman Rockwell. Did Rockwell absorb NC Wyeth? I think so. Caravaggio gives my work its lighting. And perhaps NC Wyeth's son Andrew suffused my work. He taught me how to pay attention to the world immediately around me. And perhaps to some degree hundreds of more artists famous and obscure seen in museums, art workshops, videos and Internet images. In fact I have produced over 800 images of the Ravensway world using this amazing productive power of AI. A world that has storytelling power.
Two Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) have an argument at the top of a rock pile. Image taken near Hidden Falls Creek on Baranof Island, Inside Passage, Alaska.
Every friendship in your lifetime serves a purpose. Many of them don't last forever.. Maybe you share a unique bond with someone for 3 years and spend every living second with this friend.. and then One day you just slowly drift off & the friendship fades. Or worse, you two get into a disagreement & your friendship ends on bad terms.. Yet you still can think about all of those great times with that friend..(even if you no longer speak) and laugh- later in life.
>Some friendships are there to make you grow. To help you learn a lesson, that without this person you would have never learned. And their purpose was simply to come into your life, help you grow.. and move on.
.....
>>Then there are the real true friendships. The one's that you make.. and no matter what - the bond doesn't break. You may have disagreements with these friends, but the bond you two share is so much stronger than an argument.. & even if you haven't spoken in many months or even years.. When you two get back together, it's like you never left each other's side.
Those beautiful deep soul friendships that you find with VERY FEW PEOPLE are so special.. And you may not even know you're making one of these friendships when they're formed. ... But, then here you are so many years later.. Still catching up over a cup of coffee at the local coffee shop, just texting each other to see how they're doing.. but no matter what.. you're always there for each other.
Some friendships are forever.
Most are not.
Some friendships are unbreakable.. but you probably cannot count those people on one hand (even if you think you can).. In the end, the number will be far less than you think..
Be grateful for them. Keep them. Because some friends are meant to be your forever friend. & They're FAMILY.
_________________
**Hey guys. I am overwhelmed with all of my comments/ favorites right now.. *I'm not going to tell you I'm not.
I'm actually having a hard time catching up on returning all of your comments..
So please be patient with me.. as I ATTEMPT to return your comments.
I love every single one of your comments & read them all & smile.
I really do appreciate you all.
And I always look forward to hopping on to Flickr to see your photos & catch up!
I hope that you all had a nice Monday! :) Happy Tuesday tomorrow.. I'm going to try to do this weeks 52 week challenge photo tomorrow at some point (subject:monochrome). As long as all goes well.
Have a great evening all!
Northern Flicker ( Red-shafted Flicker) These two males were having a argument. The one on the right took a poke at the chest of the one on the left and almost fell off of its perch. It is native to most of North America, parts of Central America, Cuba, the Cayman Islands, and is one of the few woodpecker species that migrate. It is the only woodpecker that commonly feeds on the ground. There are over 100 common names for the Northern Flicker. Among them are: Yellowhammer, clape, gaffer woodpecker, harry-wicket, heigh-ho, wake-up, walk-up, wick-up, yarrup, and gawker bird. Many of these names are attempts at imitating some of its calls. Shot through a window covered in rain drops as it was pouring outside. Handheld 1/800sec, f8 iso 3200. IMG_4559
It must be breeding season or something. These birds always stay really high up, so not the easiest to catch without the zoom but you will get the idea here.
I am home now but I still have many photos to sort from my time in Emmaville.
Southern Elephant Seal (Mirounga leonina) bulls having an argument on a Sea Lion Island beach in the Falkland Islands.
Great Blue Heron, Ardea herodias
As far as I could tell, the storyline here was an argument over who was going to fetch breakfast, and who was going to babysit the two chicks. Mom won and dad went out to hunt shortly after this photo. Please see the 4 shots ahead of this. Now I know where the saying, "don't get your feathers ruffled!" comes from. These guys were definitely ruffled! Wakodahatchee Wetlands, Delray Beach, Florida
Please take a moment to view this image large.
O negócio é que eu não tolero mais que as pessoas usem o mesmo argumento de "Você não tem direito de dizer isso. Você gosta de Crepúsculo". Como se isso fosse mudar alguma coisa sobre mim. Eu já disse aqui o quanto eu gosto da saga e quanto ela significa para mim, de tal modo que já não tenho, a muito tempo, vergonha em admitir.
A local kid enjoying the views from a rock next to the viewpoint on top of The Treasury.
WARNING: If you go to Petra and want to take "the photo" of The Treasury you may have to pay extra fees to local scammers or have an argument with them.
Tree Swallow; Handsome aerialists with deep-blue iridescent backs and clean white fronts, Tree Swallows are a familiar sight in summer fields and wetlands across northern North America. They chase after flying insects with acrobatic twists and turns, their steely blue-green feathers flashing in the sunlight.
It is the only explanation I can come up with for this garden design. An angry couple must sit with backs to each other and eyes averted from beauty... until they learn better and can walk the path to each other again.
It's a thought.
For months, the world has watched and listened to arguments and discussions about what the course of action should be in the Middle East by the rest of the world. The thoughts are complex and very complicated
Wadi Rum, ironically, was the site of Lawrence of Arabia's war and the backdrop for one of the greatest films ever made. Now, scenes like this exist, with tents being used by tourists visiting the quiet solitary sand dunes to see the sweeping views. This is a "must do" if you visit Jordan.
East Midlands Trains Meridian 222006 heads north on the Midland Main Line at Barrow on Soar with a service from St Pancras, 4th April 2009. Built by Bombardier in 2004/5 as a nine car unit it was reduced to an eight car unit in late 2006 when MSO vehicle 60536 was removed and added to 222016 to argument it to a five car unit. In 2008 222006 was again reduced (to a seven car unit) when MSO vehicle 60546 was removed and added to 222010 to argument it to a five car unit
An aerial argument between two red kites. This interaction is usually over in a flash and you often don't appreciate the fact that one of them has turned upside down in the process.
Full Metal Jacket: "This is my rifle this is my gun" (youtube 0:26)
Trailer Volkstheater: "Alles Walzer Alles brennt. Eine Untergangsrevue" (youtube 2:10)
Used photo: "Arbeitszimmer von Margarete Joswig" by Christian Michelides, creative commons share alike CC-BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52996812
photo processing and additional writing, Bearbeitung, hinzugefügter Text: Ingrid Hedbavny
Man kann ein Gedicht in einer Sprache, die man nicht kennt durch üben üben üben auswendig lernen. Man kann sein ganzes Leben damit zubringen, Gedichte in Sprachen, die man nicht versteht, durch üben üben üben auswendig zu lernen und darin sein Lebenswerk sehen. Wenn üben üben üben alles ist was von Bedeutung ist, dann hätte man ein Leben voll von Bedeutung geführt - indem man Gedichte auswendig gelernt hat, die man nicht versteht, denn man hat ja sein ganzes Leben lang geübt geübt geübt und das ist ja laut obiger Aussage, das einzige was von Bedeutung ist.
Daß man gewisse Fertigkeiten üben muß ist eine Binsenweisheit, daß nichts sonst von Bedeutung ist als üben ist falsch - Was also hat das mit Ideenwerkstatt zu tun: weder ist es eine Idee (abgesehen davon, daß es falsch ist), noch ist es eine Methode Ideen zu finden, denn durch Repetition kommt man nicht zu Ideen, weil eine Idee per definitionem das Gegenteil ist - einen Einfall zu haben ist etwas anderes als diesen Einfall, den man selber oder ein anderer einmal gehabt hat zu wiederholen.
Je länger man Fehler einübt um so schwerer wird man sie wieder los. Etwas unwahres wird nicht wahr dadurch, daß man es dreimal oder öfters wiederholt. Ein Fehler wird nicht richtig dadurch, daß man ihn wiederholt. Je öfter man ihn wiederholt, um so mehr verfestigt sich der Fehler, um so schwerer ist es ihn zu eliminieren, zu korrigieren. Üben ist da kontraproduktiv, denn es verstärkt und verfestigt Fehler, das heißt es führt zu Verschlechterung und nicht zu Verbesserung. (= 2. Argument warum üben üben üben nicht alles ist was von Bedeutung ist)
Auseinandersetzung mit Gegenposition, Beantwortung von Fragen nach Erklärungen, nach Begründungen, eingehen auf Leute, die hinterfragen, eingehen auf Kritikpunkte, Auseinandersetzung mit Gegenargumenten, Diskussion, führen einerseits dazu, daß man auf Fehler aufmerksam wird, was Grundlage für jegliche Verbesserung ist und andererseits führen sie zu neuen Ideen. Blocken bewirkt das Gegenteil. Und je länger man das Blocken rund um die Uhr jahrelang übt um so mehr verfestigen sich die Fehler um so mehr beraubt man sich selbst der Möglichkeit zu neuen Ideen. Ich bin nicht diejenige, die blockt - wie wahr, das ist wahr auch ohne 3malige Wiederholung
Am Sonntag habe ich gearbeitet, es stand die Vorstellung "Alles Walzer alles brennt - Eine Untergangsrevue" auf dem Spielplan des Volkstheaters - ein Stück über das rote Wien und den darauf folgenden Austrofaschismus, in dem es auch um die Geschichte des 1. Mai geht.
1. Mai 2017 #text #writing #letter #buchstabe #typography #handschrift #klavier #piano #arbeitszimmer #arbeitsraum #partitur #klavierauszug #wagner #tristan #walküre #klaviatur #taste #schwarz #weiß #ebenholz #black #white #ebony #off_white #ivory #green #grün #braun #brown #merkzettel #aussage #message #binsenwahrheit #binsenweisheit #drill #mindless #wiederholung #stupid #mantra #nachbeten #auswendiglernen #wahrheit #wahr #truth #falsch #false #falsifizieren #spiegel #mirror #reflection #form #inhalt #aussage #struktur #aesthetizismus #kunstfertigkeit #argument #gegenargument #begründung #symmetry #asymmetrie #workshop #ideenfindung #kreativität #idea
IN ENGLISH BELOW THE LINE
Mai hauria pensat que, tenint una arcaica Kodak Pocket de 1895, l'hi buscaria una germana fabricada lleugerament més tard (el 1896). Però hi ha diversos arguments al respecte.
En primer lloc, compta amb la única distinció de conservar una plaqueta de la botiga on fou venguda, suposo que el mateix 1896. I es que aquesta correspon als desaparescuts grans magatzems El Siglo, de Barcelona. En efecte, la plaqueta llegeix: "Grandes Almacenes de El Siglo, Barcelona". I a sobre es preserva l'etiqueta amb el preu al interior ("30 pesetas"!!).
La vaig trobar en una venda a internet, tot i que el darrer propietari no era gaire llunyà, del mig de Occitania. Ara ha tornat a 20 km d'on fou venguda per primer cop, he he.
Per altra banda, també cal cosiderar que, tot i que produida només l'any seguent que l'altra Kodak Pocket, incopora molts canvis en l'estil i la mecànica: el cuir fi i grana ha canviat per un de negre i mes gruixut, i sobretot l'obturador és completament diferent, essent del tipus "sector" i molt igual a altres models de Kodak, com la Bulls-eye. El visor també canvià de rodó a quadrat.
Encara hi ha un darrer motiu: tot i que li manca una senzilla molla per a poder funcionar, compta amb les dues bobines del seu inusual format 102, el que em permetrà improvisar rodets per a aquesta càmera, i fer servir la seva "bessona", o aquesta mateixa i aconsegueixo reparar l'obturador.
ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_Kodak_(1895)
ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magatzems_El_Siglo
Sembla que l'edifici del c/Pelai no és l'original on s'hauria vengut la càmera, sino que estava situada a Les Rambles, fins que s'incendià el 1932.
barcelofilia.blogspot.com/2010/11/blog-post.html
====================
I would never have thought that, having an archaic Kodak Pocket from 1895, I would look for a "sister" made slightly later (in 1896). But there are several arguments about it.
First of all, it has the unique distinction of keeping a plaque from the retailer who sold it in 1896. And more important, this corresponds to the disappeared department stores El Siglo, in Barcelona. In fact, the ivory-like plaque reads: "Grandes Almacenes El Siglo, Barcelona". And on top of that, inside, the label with the price is still preserved ("30 pesetas" !!).
I found it in an internet sale, although the last owner was not far away, from southern France (Occitanie). Now it’s back almost "home", 20km from where it was first sold, ha ha (yes, it was made in Rochester, NY, but hey...)
On the other hand, it should also be noted that, although produced only the following year than the other Kodak Pocket, it incorporates many changes in style and mechanics: the fine and maroon leather has changed to a black and thicker one. , and especially the shutter is completely different, being of the "sector" type and very similar to other Kodak models, such as the Bulls-eye. The viewfinder also changed from round to square.
There is one last reason: although it lacks a simple spring to operate, it has two precious spools of its unusual format 102, which will allow me to improvise roll film (cutting 120 back paper and using 35mm film inside) for this camera, and use its "twin", or this one, if I manage to repair the shutter.
www.earlyphotography.co.uk/site/entry_C447.html
camera-wiki.org/wiki/Pocket_Kodak
www.kodaksefke.nl/pocket-kodak.html
barcelofilia.blogspot.com/2010/11/blog-post.html
The El Siglo department store stood in Les Rambles, Barcelona, till 1932, when a fire destroyed the building. Later it appears the store was rebuilt in nearby Carrer Pelai.