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No . 1 Croydon (formerly the NLA Tower, and colloquially the 50p Building, the Weddingcake or the Threepenny bit building) is a tall building at 12–16 Addiscombe Road, Croydon, Greater London, next to East Croydon station. It was designed by Richard Seifert & Partners and completed in 1970. It has 24 storeys and is 269 feet (82 m) high. 'NLA' stood for 'Noble Lowndes Annuities'. It was one of many new buildings constructed in the growing town of Croydon in the 1960s. The development of tall buildings was later encouraged in the 2004 London Plan, which led to the erection of new skyscrapers as Greater London went through a high-rise boom.
Folkestone
"A tontine is an investment plan for raising capital, devised in the 17th century and relatively widespread in the 18th and 19th centuries. It enables subscribers to share the risk of living a long life by combining features of a group annuity with a kind of mortality lottery. Each subscriber pays an agreed sum into the fund and thereafter receives a periodical payout. As members die, their payout entitlements devolve to the other participants, and so the value of each continuing payout increases. On the death of the last member, the scheme is wound up." (Wikipedia). This, apparently, is how Tontine Street came to be.
An unscrupulous member might be tempted to knock off one or two of his co-investors to increase his share.
A medieval tower house which once stood on the site was, in 1415, held by Sir John Heron. This was destroyed by a Scottish army in 1496 commanded by James IV of Scotland and Perkin Warbeck. James IV returned on 24 August 1513 on his way to besiege Norham Castle, and held a council or parliament at "Twesil" or "Twesilhaugh."
The estate was sold by the Herons circa 1520 to a member of the Selby family. A survey in 1561 reported only the remnants of a tower house and a barmkin. John Selby seems to have repaired the buildings, and an inventory was made of the furnishings on his death in 1595 mentioning a new chamber, a gallery, and chambers in the tower. Of the medieval structure, blocked windows, a chamfered doorway and the original north-east angle quoins are all that remains visible now.
In 1685 Sir Francis Blake (d. 1718) purchased the estate from the widow Selby for £1,944, plus an annuity of £100, and the Blake family lived on the estate until 1738 when they moved to nearby Tillmouth Hall.
From about 1770, Sir Francis Blake (d. 1780) worked on the recreation of the castle as a Gothic Revival mansion, designed by architect James Nesbit of Kelso to be five levels tall. Despite some forty years of work, the project was never completed. When in 1882, the Blakes built a new mansion at Tillmouth Park much of the incomplete Twizell Castle was demolished and the stone used in the new construction. The house is now a two-story folly. Rectangular in plan, with circular towers on the angles and two wings on the north side, the basement rooms in the main block are stone and brick-vaulted as a precaution against fire.
Cette église est dédiée à saint Maur (patron des charbonniers) et fut édifiée entre le XIVe et le XVIe siècle.
Sa construction, sur les ruines d’une 1re église, débuta en 1301, par les habitants qui louent les services d’architectes et de maîtres artisans de tous métiers. Tous mettent la main à la pâte y compris les enfants. Des impôts spéciaux avec dons d’argent, en biens immobiliers, en rentes ont aidé à financer les travaux. On compte 88 gros legs sans compter la multitude de prestations et de journées de travail fournies par les petits gens tant la Foi était grande à cette époque. L’église fut ouverte au culte 43 ans après le début de sa construction et subira de nombreuses transformations.
A l’entrée se situe un tympan remarquable qui lui date de l’église primitive ; tympan sculpté qui date de la seconde moitié du XIIe. Il représente la seconde Parousie du Christ (apparition du Christ) juste avant le Jugement Dernier dont l’imminence relève de la présence de 2 anges sonnant de la trompette et par les ressuscités qui soulèvent le couvercle de leur tombeau.
Une fois le tympan franchi, s’ouvre la nef centrale gothique avec une distribution de 4 chapelles dédiées à gauche et à droite ; cet ensemble très coloré entièrement rénové à l’identique.
This church is dedicated to Saint Maur (patron saint of charcoal burners) and was built between the 14th and 16th centuries.
Its construction, on the ruins of a first church, began in 1301, by the inhabitants who hired the services of architects and master craftsmen of all trades. Everyone pitches in, including the children. Special taxes with donations of money, real estate, annuities helped finance the work. There are 88 large legacies without counting the multitude of services and days of work provided by the little people so great was the Faith at that time. The church was opened for worship 43 years after the start of its construction and will undergo many transformations.
At the entrance is a remarkable tympanum which dates from the primitive church; sculpted tympanum dating from the second half of the 12th century. It represents the second Parousia of Christ (appearance of Christ) just before the Last Judgment, the imminence of which is due to the presence of 2 angels sounding the trumpet and by the resurrected who lift the lid of their tomb.
Once the tympanum is crossed, the Gothic central nave opens with a distribution of 4 dedicated chapels on the left and on the right; this very colorful set completely renovated identically.
About 10 minutes away from where I was staying were the remains of Croxden Abbey. Amazing to see all the intricate details and workmanship that was built all those centuries ago. Here's some back history taken from wikipedia:
(In 1176, Bertram de Verdun, the lord of the manor of Croxden, endowed a site for a new abbey near Alton, Staffordshire, to a group of 12 Cistercian monks from Normandy. Bertram founded the abbey, like many noblemen of his time, for the souls of his family and on the condition that the monks would celebrate mass.
The abbey continued to expand into the 13th century, with King John awarding the monks an annuity of £5 from the Exchequer of Ireland in 1200, before exchanging it for land in Adeney, Shropshire, in 1206. Croxden was relatively prosperous at this time, drawing the majority of its wealth from sheep farming. By 1315, the monks were supplying more wool to the continent than any other religious house in the county, with transactions being recorded with Florentine merchants well into the 1420s.
By the 14th century, Croxden's financial situation had worsened. The strains of royal taxation and the repayment of loans combined with bad harvests and plague were a drain on the abbey's resources. In 1537 the abbey was surrendered and the land and property sold off to later be converted into a farm.)
Welcome to the rougier of North Aveyron, Villecomtal, the “Villa Comtalis”:
Fondé vers 1295 par Henri II, comte de Rodez, il fut bâti le long d’une voie desservant la vallée du Dourdou suivant un plan en damier dressé par un architecte de la cathédrale ruthénoise. En 1329, un arrêt de la Cour en Parlement de Paris, donne en toute propriété à Béatrix, fille aînée de Raymond II et épouse de Bertrand de La Tour d’Auvergne, la ville de Villecomtal et son mandement en compensation d’une rente annuelle comprise dans sa part d’héritage. La seigneurie, vendue aux de Rolland, noblesse très ancienne, resta dans cette famille jusqu’au XVIème siècle. Après divers possesseurs, elle fut apportée en dot à la maison de Nattes par Marie de Rességuier.
Il ne reste du bâtiment primitif que le donjon, le corps de logis; mais ces deux derniers modifiés pour les besoins des religieuses ne présentent plus aucun caractère de ce qu’ils pouvaient être à l’origine. Vers 1437, aux frais de la population, le village fut ceinturé d’une muraille longue d’environ 400 mètres, haute, par endroits, de 8 mètres. Le château fut construit à la même époque par Pierre de Rolland, Sénéchal de Castres.
La congrégation des sœurs de l’Union fit l’acquisition du château en 1850 pour le transformer en couvent et en pensionnat pour jeunes filles.
Depuis quelques années, la bâtisse devenue propriété de la commune a été revendue à un particulier. Deux portes fortifiées s’ouvraient sur la rue Droite, artère principale du bourg : “lo portal haut” et « lo portal bas » qui seul subsiste bien que très profondément modifié par l’adjonction d’un campanile achevé en 1785. Situé sur un passage, Villecomtal offrait de nombreuses auberges et écuries aux voyageurs et marchands.
L’église saint Barthélémy fut construite entre 1700 et 1715 afin de doter le village d’un lieu de culte intra-muros. A la fin des travaux, l’édifice avait la forme d’une croix latine et le clocher en peigne à cinq cloches, se trouvait sur l’un des côtés. Au XIXème, elle connaît de grands changements : la boiserie du chœur, la chaire et la table de communion sont refaites et les deux chapelles latérales sont agrandies vers la façade (d’où sa forme actuelle rectangulaire).
En 1900, le clocher est reconstruit au chevet de l’église.
Un épisode important de la vie religieuse qui débutera en 1801, à la signature du Concordat et qui perdurera jusqu’en 1931. En effet, Villecomtal fut «La Petite Rome» de «La Petite Eglise». Ses adeptes étaient alors appelés «Les Enfarinés».
Pour bien comprendre ce que fut le schisme anticoncordataire, il faut remonter à La Constitution Civile du Clergé promulguée le 12 juillet 1790 qui, entre autres dispositions, déclarait l’Eglise de France hors de l’autorité du Pape.En raison de l’imbrication des convictions religieuses et politiques de l’époque, mais aussi de la condamnation prononcée par Rome, la situation ne fut nette qu’après l’abolition de la royauté le 10 août 1792.Quatre vingt un évêques, réfugiés à l’étranger, organisèrent des réseaux clandestins autour d’hommes de confiance et par ce moyen administrèrent leur diocèse contre les prélats « jureurs » nommés par le gouvernement révolutionnaire.
En Aveyron, sous l’impulsion de Monseigneur Colbert de Seignelay, évêque de Rodez, la résistance à La Constitution Civile du Clergé fut active. La « Société Ecclésiastique » composée de prêtres réfractaires, dont à Villecomtal les abbés Delhom et Régis, fut une de ces cellules dirigées de Londres où l’évêque s’était réfugié.
En 1800, la nécessité de normaliser les relations diplomatiques avec le Vatican et de remettre de l’ordre dans l’Eglise de France se fit de plus en plus pressante et une négociation fut engagée entre Bonaparte, Premier Consul, et le cardinal Spina, envoyé spécial de Pie VII, pour aboutir en 1801 au Concordat promulgué à Paris en 1802. Trente cinq évêques anticonstitutionnels, dont celui de Rodez, tous résidant hors de France, en refusèrent les dispositions et entrèrent en dissidence contre Pie VII qui leur demandait de démissionner. Ils se servirent de leurs réseaux pour lutter contre le Concordat et l’administration de leur diocèse par les nouveaux promus. En Rouergue, de nombreux ecclésiastiques suivirent les consignes données par l’ex-évêque Colbert de Seignelay démis par le Vatican. A Villecomtal, les abbés Delhom et Régis se distinguèrent par leur zèle anticoncordataire au point qu’ils furent considérés comme les pontifes de « La Petite Eglise », autre nom donné à la dissidence du Rouergue.
Le rétablissement de la royauté en 1814/1815 et l’abolition du Concordat en 1905 ne changèrent pas l’attitude de « la Petite Eglise » qui sous le nom « La Petite Eglise Vieille Catholique » comptent de nos jours quelques milliers de fidèles en France et surtout à l’étranger : Europe, Afrique, Amérique. Plus de 24 paroisses aveyronnaises et 3 dans le Cantal adhérèrent à ce mouvement.
Leurs fidèles vinrent en grand nombre, jusqu’à un millier d’après les rapports de la police, assister aux messes célébrées à Villecomtal par l’abbé Delhom au lieu-dit « Le Taulan » et l’abbé Régis à « Los Topis ».
On les nommait « Les Enfarinés » car à l’instar des us de l’Ancien Régime, dont ils se réclamaient, sans pour autant qu’on puisse les considérer comme des royalistes avérés, les hommes dénouaient leurs cheveux qu’ils portaient longs et les poudraient avec de la farine (faute de poudre de riz) pour assister aux offices religieux. Les femmes vêtues de noir, portaient un bonnet à mentonnière, un scapulaire autour du cou et un grand chapelet de buis autour de la taille. Après le décès des derniers prêtres schismatiques, elles firent perdurer La Petite Eglise en organisant de pieuses réunions qui servaient de messe.
Le dernier fidèle en Rouergue est mort en 1931, dans un village voisin de Villecomtal en prononçant les dernières paroles « Soy Enfarinat »
Association “Terre des enfarinés”
Liens externes:
Les enfarinés sur Wikipédia
Le « Masque Rouge »
Dans les année 1946/1947, des paysans et notamment des marchands de bestiaux, de retour des foires locales, se faisaient agresser par un homme portant une cagoule ou un foulard rouge qui dissimulait son visage, le dos voûté, avec un accent étranger avéré ou simulé, qui les menaçait avec une mitraillette pour les dépouiller de l’argent gagné lors de la vente de leurs bêtes .L’homme dit « le masque rouge » connaissait parfaitement la région et arrivait à semer les gendarmes qui le poursuivaient. En effet, le masque rouge ne rentrait pas chez lui après avoir commis son larcin mais revenait à la foire où ses pas se mêlaient aux milliers d’autres.
Le masque rouge n’a jamais été arrêté ni identifié. Beaucoup d’hypothèses et de versions populaires ont couru à ce sujet mais en vain. Il faut quand même souligner, à sa décharge, qu’il n’a jamais utilisé sa mitraillette qui lui servait seulement à impressionner ses victimes.
Source Villecomtal.fr
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Founded around 1295 by Henri II, Count of Rodez, it was built along a road serving the Dourdou valley following a checkerboard plan drawn up by an architect of the Ruthenian cathedral. In 1329, a judgment of the Court in the Parliament of Paris, gives in full ownership to Béatrix, eldest daughter of Raymond II and wife of Bertrand de La Tour d'Auvergne, the town of Villecomtal and his mandate in compensation for an annual annuity included in its share of inheritance. The seigneury, sold to the de Rolland, a very old nobility, remained in this family until the 16th century. After various owners, it was brought as a dowry to the house of Nattes by Marie de Rességuier.
All that remains of the original building is the keep, the main building; but these last two modified for the needs of the nuns no longer present any character of what they might have been originally. Around 1437, at the expense of the population, the village was surrounded by a wall about 400 meters long and, in places, 8 meters high. The castle was built at the same time by Pierre de Rolland, Sénéchal de Castres.
The congregation of the Sisters of the Union acquired the castle in 1850 to transform it into a convent and boarding school for young girls.
In recent years, the building that has become the property of the municipality has been sold to an individual. Two fortified gates opened onto rue Droite, the town's main artery: “lo portal haut” and “lo portal bas” which alone remains although very profoundly modified by the addition of a campanile completed in 1785. Located on a hill Passage, Villecomtal offered many inns and stables to travelers and merchants.
Saint Bartholomew's Church was built between 1700 and 1715 to provide the village with an intramural place of worship. At the end of the work, the building had the shape of a Latin cross and the comb bell tower with five bells was on one side. In the 19th century, it underwent great changes: the woodwork of the choir, the pulpit and the communion table were redone and the two side chapels were enlarged towards the facade (hence its current rectangular shape).
In 1900, the bell tower was rebuilt at the apse of the church.
An important episode in religious life which began in 1801, when the Concordat was signed, and which lasted until 1931. Indeed, Villecomtal was "La Petite Rome" of "La Petite Eglise". Its followers were then called "Les Enfarinés".
To fully understand what the anticoncordat schism was, we must go back to La Constitution Civile du Clergé promulgated on July 12, 1790 which, among other provisions, declared the Church of France outside the authority of the Pope. religious and political convictions of the time, but also the condemnation pronounced by Rome, the situation was not clear until after the abolition of the kingship on August 10, 1792.Four twenty-one bishops, refugees abroad, organized clandestine networks around men of confidence and by this means administered their diocese against the prelates "jurors" appointed by the revolutionary government.
In Aveyron, under the leadership of Monsignor Colbert de Seignelay, Bishop of Rodez, resistance to La Constitution Civile du Clergé was active. The "Ecclesiastical Society" made up of refractory priests, including in Villecomtal the abbots Delhom and Régis, was one of those cells led from London where the bishop had taken refuge.
In 1800, the need to normalize diplomatic relations with the Vatican and to restore order in the Church of France became more and more urgent and a negotiation was initiated between Bonaparte, First Consul, and Cardinal Spina, envoy. special of Pius VII, to end in 1801 in the Concordat promulgated in Paris in 1802. Thirty-five unconstitutional bishops, including that of Rodez, all residing outside France, refused its provisions and entered into dissent against Pius VII who asked them to resign. They used their networks to fight against the Concordat and the administration of their diocese by the newly promoted. In Rouergue, many ecclesiastics followed the instructions given by ex-bishop Colbert de Seignelay, dismissed by the Vatican. In Villecomtal, the abbots Delhom and Régis were distinguished by their anti-concordance zeal to the point that they were considered the pontiffs of "La Petite Eglise", another name given to the dissidence of Rouergue.
The reestablishment of the kingship in 1814/1815 and the abolition of the Concordat in 1905 did not change the attitude of “la Petite Eglise” which under the name “La Petite Eglise Vieille Catholique” now has a few thousand faithful in France. and especially abroad: Europe, Africa, America. More than 24 parishes in Aveyron and 3 in Cantal joined this movement.
Their faithful came in large numbers, up to a thousand according to police reports, to attend the masses celebrated in Villecomtal by Father Delhom at a place called "Le Taulan" and Father Régis at "Los Topis" .
They were called "Les Enfarinés" because, like the habits of the Ancien Régime, which they claimed to be, without being able to consider them as proven royalists, the men untied their hair which they wore long and Powder them with flour (lack of rice powder) to attend religious services. The women, dressed in black, wore a chin-cup, a scapular around the neck and a large boxwood rosary around the waist. After the death of the last schismatic priests, they continued La Petite Eglise by organizing pious meetings which served as mass.
The last faithful in Rouergue died in 1931, in a neighboring village of Villecomtal, pronouncing the last words "Soy Enfarinat"
Association “Terre des enfarinés”
External links:
Flouries on Wikipedia
The "Red Mask"
In the years 1946/1947, peasants and in particular cattle dealers, returning from local fairs, were attacked by a man wearing a balaclava or a red scarf who concealed his face, his back arched, with a recognized foreign accent or simulated, which threatened them with a submachine gun to strip them of the money earned from the sale of their animals. The man called "the red mask" knew the region perfectly and managed to sow the gendarmes who were pursuing him. Indeed, the red mask did not return home after having committed the theft but returned to the fair where his footsteps mingled with thousands of others.
The red mask has never been arrested or identified. Many hypotheses and popular versions have been circulated about this, but to no avail. It should be noted, in his defense, that he never used his submachine gun, which he used only to impress his victims.
Source Villecomtal.fr
Ropstock Castle
Originally, Kasteeltje Ropstock was an old farmstead that was extended. When the Van Hese-Cools family bought it in 1881, they immediately had it demolished. In 1888, they had a more luxurious castle built. The family had 10 children, so Ropstock Castle became too small and was extended.
In the mid-20th century, the castle was transferred to the Augustine nuns of Lier, who turned it into a home for the elderly, in return for an annual annuity of 50,000 Belgian francs.
Currently, Ropstock castle is used as a day centre for people with mental disabilities.
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Kasteeltje Ropstock was oorspronkelijk een oude hoeve dat verder werd uitgebouwd. Wanneer de familie Van Hese – Cools het kasteeltje aankoopt, in 1881, laten ze het meteen afbreken. In 1888 laten ze er een luxueuzer kasteeltje bouwen. Het gezin telde 10 kinderen waardoor kasteel Ropstock te klein werd en werd uitgebreid.
Halverwege de 20e eeuw wordt het kasteel overgedragen aan de Lierse gasthuiszusters Augustinessen die er een bejaardentehuis van maken, tegen betaling van een jaarlijkse lijfrente van 50.000 Belgische frank.
Momenteel wordt kasteel Ropstock gebruikt als dagcentrum voor mensen met een verstandelijke beperking.
Cette église est dédiée à saint Maur (patron des charbonniers) et fut édifiée entre le XIVe et le XVIe siècle.
Sa construction, sur les ruines d’une 1re église, débuta en 1301, par les habitants qui louent les services d’architectes et de maîtres artisans de tous métiers. Tous mettent la main à la pâte y compris les enfants. Des impôts spéciaux avec dons d’argent, en biens immobiliers, en rentes ont aidé à financer les travaux. On compte 88 gros legs sans compter la multitude de prestations et de journées de travail fournies par les petits gens tant la Foi était grande à cette époque. L’église fut ouverte au culte 43 ans après le début de sa construction et subira de nombreuses transformations.
A l’entrée se situe un tympan remarquable qui lui date de l’église primitive ; tympan sculpté qui date de la seconde moitié du XIIe. Il représente la seconde Parousie du Christ (apparition du Christ) juste avant le Jugement Dernier dont l’imminence relève de la présence de 2 anges sonnant de la trompette et par les ressuscités qui soulèvent le couvercle de leur tombeau.
Une fois le tympan franchi, s’ouvre la nef centrale gothique avec une distribution de 4 chapelles dédiées à gauche et à droite ; cet ensemble très coloré entièrement rénové à l’identique.
This church is dedicated to Saint Maur (patron saint of charcoal burners) and was built between the 14th and 16th centuries.
Its construction, on the ruins of a first church, began in 1301, by the inhabitants who hired the services of architects and master craftsmen of all trades. Everyone pitches in, including the children. Special taxes with donations of money, real estate, annuities helped finance the work. There are 88 large legacies without counting the multitude of services and days of work provided by the little people so great was the Faith at that time. The church was opened for worship 43 years after the start of its construction and will undergo many transformations.
At the entrance is a remarkable tympanum which dates from the primitive church; sculpted tympanum dating from the second half of the 12th century. It represents the second Parousia of Christ (appearance of Christ) just before the Last Judgment, the imminence of which is due to the presence of 2 angels sounding the trumpet and by the resurrected who lift the lid of their tomb.
Once the tympanum is crossed, the Gothic central nave opens with a distribution of 4 dedicated chapels on the left and on the right; this very colorful set completely renovated identically.
Built 1458 along with the adjoining almshouses by Canon John Stevens of Exeter cathedral. He provided an annuity of 17s4d (about 87p) for maintenance of the property. The area was hit by a German bomb in 1942, although the almshouses had been declared unfit for habitation in the 19th century.
Cette église est dédiée à saint Maur (patron des charbonniers) et fut édifiée entre le XIVe et le XVIe siècle.
Sa construction, sur les ruines d’une 1re église, débuta en 1301, par les habitants qui louent les services d’architectes et de maîtres artisans de tous métiers. Tous mettent la main à la pâte y compris les enfants. Des impôts spéciaux avec dons d’argent, en biens immobiliers, en rentes ont aidé à financer les travaux. On compte 88 gros legs sans compter la multitude de prestations et de journées de travail fournies par les petits gens tant la Foi était grande à cette époque. L’église fut ouverte au culte 43 ans après le début de sa construction et subira de nombreuses transformations.
A l’entrée se situe un tympan remarquable qui lui date de l’église primitive ; tympan sculpté qui date de la seconde moitié du XIIe. Il représente la seconde Parousie du Christ (apparition du Christ) juste avant le Jugement Dernier dont l’imminence relève de la présence de 2 anges sonnant de la trompette et par les ressuscités qui soulèvent le couvercle de leur tombeau.
Une fois le tympan franchi, s’ouvre la nef centrale gothique avec une distribution de 4 chapelles dédiées à gauche et à droite ; cet ensemble très coloré entièrement rénové à l’identique.
This church is dedicated to Saint Maur (patron saint of charcoal burners) and was built between the 14th and 16th centuries.
Its construction, on the ruins of a first church, began in 1301, by the inhabitants who hired the services of architects and master craftsmen of all trades. Everyone pitches in, including the children. Special taxes with donations of money, real estate, annuities helped finance the work. There are 88 large legacies without counting the multitude of services and days of work provided by the little people so great was the Faith at that time. The church was opened for worship 43 years after the start of its construction and will undergo many transformations.
At the entrance is a remarkable tympanum which dates from the primitive church; sculpted tympanum dating from the second half of the 12th century. It represents the second Parousia of Christ (appearance of Christ) just before the Last Judgment, the imminence of which is due to the presence of 2 angels sounding the trumpet and by the resurrected who lift the lid of their tomb.
Once the tympanum is crossed, the Gothic central nave opens with a distribution of 4 dedicated chapels on the left and on the right; this very colorful set completely renovated identically.
Cette église est dédiée à saint Maur (patron des charbonniers) et fut édifiée entre le XIVe et le XVIe siècle.
Sa construction, sur les ruines d’une 1re église, débuta en 1301, par les habitants qui louent les services d’architectes et de maîtres artisans de tous métiers. Tous mettent la main à la pâte y compris les enfants. Des impôts spéciaux avec dons d’argent, en biens immobiliers, en rentes ont aidé à financer les travaux. On compte 88 gros legs sans compter la multitude de prestations et de journées de travail fournies par les petits gens tant la Foi était grande à cette époque. L’église fut ouverte au culte 43 ans après le début de sa construction et subira de nombreuses transformations.
A l’entrée se situe un tympan remarquable qui lui date de l’église primitive ; tympan sculpté qui date de la seconde moitié du XIIe. Il représente la seconde Parousie du Christ (apparition du Christ) juste avant le Jugement Dernier dont l’imminence relève de la présence de 2 anges sonnant de la trompette et par les ressuscités qui soulèvent le couvercle de leur tombeau.
Une fois le tympan franchi, s’ouvre la nef centrale gothique avec une distribution de 4 chapelles dédiées à gauche et à droite ; cet ensemble très coloré entièrement rénové à l’identique.
This church is dedicated to Saint Maur (patron saint of charcoal burners) and was built between the 14th and 16th centuries.
Its construction, on the ruins of a first church, began in 1301, by the inhabitants who hired the services of architects and master craftsmen of all trades. Everyone pitches in, including the children. Special taxes with donations of money, real estate, annuities helped finance the work. There are 88 large legacies without counting the multitude of services and days of work provided by the little people so great was the Faith at that time. The church was opened for worship 43 years after the start of its construction and will undergo many transformations.
At the entrance is a remarkable tympanum which dates from the primitive church; sculpted tympanum dating from the second half of the 12th century. It represents the second Parousia of Christ (appearance of Christ) just before the Last Judgment, the imminence of which is due to the presence of 2 angels sounding the trumpet and by the resurrected who lift the lid of their tomb.
Once the tympanum is crossed, the Gothic central nave opens with a distribution of 4 dedicated chapels on the left and on the right; this very colorful set completely renovated identically.
A few miles from the Peak District national park, Lyme is the largest house in Cheshire and is Grade 1 listed. Its history can be traced as far back as 1346, when the estate was gifted to Sir Thomas Danyers by Edward III, in gratitude for his service to the Black Prince at the Battle of Crécy. Danyers had retrieved the standard of the Black Prince and was rewarded with annuity of 40 marks per year, which could be exchanged for land belonging to the Black Prince.
When Sir Thomas died, the estate passed to his daughter, Margaret in 1388. She married Piers Legh and so the dynasty of the Legh family at Lyme began, which would stretch right up until 1946.
The original house was demolished by Piers Legh VII and construction of the current house began in the mid-16th century. Initially the building was L shaped but in the 1720s Giacomo Leoni was commissioned to make modifications, resulting in the addition of the Italianate courtyard and the house began to resemble its modern appearance. The house displays several architectural styles together which makes it difficult to establish which additions were made by Leoni - Elizabethan, Baroque and Palladian styles are all present.
In the early 19th century, Thomas Legh commissioned Lewis Wyatt to restore and modernise the house, which had begun to deteriorate as the family fortunes declined. Most of Wyatt's improvements were internal, but he also added a tower structure to provide living quarters for the servants, as well as the east wing.
Formal gardens were created in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
In 1946, the Legh family donated Lyme to the care of the National Trust. From 1947 the estate was managed by Stockport Corporation and its successor Stockport MBC until 1994 when the National Trust took direct control
Le Conseil économique, social et environnemental de Wallonie (CESE Wallonie) est un outil d’aide à la décision publique. Il réunit les représentants des organisations patronales, syndicales et environnementales.
Le siège du CESW se situe à Liège, dans le bâtiment de l'ancien Hospice des Incurables et des filles repenties.
Cet établissement charitable est dû à l'initiative de Dewaldor chanoine de Saint-Denis. En 1689, M. de Tignée céda aux Incurables deux maisons qu'il possédait au faubourg Saint-Léonard près du couvent de ce nom. Le vicomte de Montenacken fit don en 1690 pour le même usage d'une maison située près du pont du Torrent derrière Saint-Denis. En 1701, le baron de Surlet, vicaire général, légua aux Incurables un grand terrain et de spacieux bâtiments dans la rue du Vertbois. Il y ajouta une rente annuelle de 3 000 florins et de plus 50 000 florins pour frais d'établissement. C'est à partir de 1705 que les Incurables des deux sexes sont transférés dans la rue du Vertbois. En 1756, les hommes sont transférés rue Grande-Bêche dans les bâtiments occupés avant eux par les religieuses conceptionnistes. Ils sont toujours là à la fin du XIXe siècle. En 1891, les femmes incurables déménagent au Valdor.
L'aile gauche est louée à la Ville de Liège qui y installe l'école de mécanique jusqu'en 1932. L'aile droite, quant à elle, accueille des orphelins depuis 1892.
Le 16 janvier 1945, une bombe volante détruit complètement l'aile gauche et endommage l'ensemble de l’infrastructure.
La reconstruction de l'aile gauche de l'hospice débute en 1950. Le vieil hospice, entièrement rénové, accueille des pupilles, âgés de six à vingt ans. En 1981, l'orphelinat du Vertbois ferme définitivement ses portes mais le CPAS de Liège utilise encore une partie du site.
En 1989, dans le cadre de l'application des accords politiques attribuant à Liège le rôle de Capitale économique de la Région wallonne, plusieurs intervenants publics décident de racheter et de réaffecter l'ancien hospice du Vertbois. Le 19 août 1991, le CPAS cède le bâtiment afin que les travaux de réaffectation puissent débuter.
À partir de mars 1994, l'aile droite et l'annexe contemporaine de la rue de l'Evêché sont occupées par le Conseil économique, social et environnemental de Wallonie (CESE) et par la Commission royale des Monuments.
The Economic, Social, and Environmental Council of Wallonia (CESE Wallonia) is a public decision-making tool. It brings together representatives of employer, trade union, and environmental organizations.
The CESW headquarters are located in Liège, in the building of the former Hospice for the Incurables and Repentant Daughters.
This charitable institution was founded on the initiative of Canon Dewaldor of Saint-Denis. In 1689, Mr. de Tignée donated to the Incurables two houses he owned in the Saint-Léonard suburb near the convent of that name. In 1690, Viscount Montenacken donated a house located near the Torrent Bridge behind Saint-Denis for the same purpose. In 1701, Baron de Surlet, Vicar General, bequeathed to the Incurables a large plot of land and spacious buildings on Rue du Vertbois. He added an annual annuity of 3,000 florins and an additional 50,000 florins for establishment costs. Starting in 1705, the incurables of both sexes were transferred to Rue du Vertbois. In 1756, the men were transferred to Rue Grande-Bêche to the buildings previously occupied by the Conceptionist nuns. They were still there at the end of the 19th century. In 1891, the incurable women moved to Valdor.
The left wing was rented to the City of Liège, which housed the mechanics school there until 1932. The right wing, meanwhile, had been home to orphans since 1892.
On January 16, 1945, a flying bomb completely destroyed the left wing and damaged the entire infrastructure. The reconstruction of the left wing of the hospice began in 1950. The old hospice, completely renovated, accommodated children aged six to twenty. In 1981, the Vertbois orphanage closed its doors permanently, but the Liège Public Social Welfare Centre (CPAS) still used part of the site.
In 1989, as part of the implementation of the political agreements granting Liège the role of Economic Capital of the Walloon Region, several public stakeholders decided to purchase and repurpose the former Vertbois hospice. On August 19, 1991, the CPAS transferred the building so that repurposing work could begin.
From March 1994, the right wing and the contemporary annex on Rue de l'Evêché were occupied by the Economic, Social and Environmental Council of Wallonia (CESE) and the Royal Commission for Monuments.
Cash for the Crazy Tuesdays group challenge: Line/Title of a Song. This one is a BOGO with not one but two songs.
First is the J.G. Wentworth opera song: known as "The Wagnerian Piece" which won at least two major production awards. It is one of those hate it or love it things because it is basically a TV commercial that's an opera. The singers sing about a phone number in the style of a Wagner Opera. If you follow the music link below be careful because it is actually quite addictive in its campiness. Lyrics below.
I have a structured settlement and I need cash now!
Call J. G. Wentworth!
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I have an annuity but I need cash now!
Call J. G. Wentworth!
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They've helped thousands, they'll help you, too!
One lump sum of cash they will pay to you!
If you get long-term payments but you need cash now!
Call J. G. Wentworth!
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Music Link: www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbGw3A9Dg-Q
The second is a song by ABBA from 1976
"Money, Money, Money"
Cette église est dédiée à saint Maur (patron des charbonniers) et fut édifiée entre le XIVe et le XVIe siècle.
Sa construction, sur les ruines d’une 1re église, débuta en 1301, par les habitants qui louent les services d’architectes et de maîtres artisans de tous métiers. Tous mettent la main à la pâte y compris les enfants. Des impôts spéciaux avec dons d’argent, en biens immobiliers, en rentes ont aidé à financer les travaux. On compte 88 gros legs sans compter la multitude de prestations et de journées de travail fournies par les petits gens tant la Foi était grande à cette époque. L’église fut ouverte au culte 43 ans après le début de sa construction et subira de nombreuses transformations.
A l’entrée se situe un tympan remarquable qui lui date de l’église primitive ; tympan sculpté qui date de la seconde moitié du XIIe. Il représente la seconde Parousie du Christ (apparition du Christ) juste avant le Jugement Dernier dont l’imminence relève de la présence de 2 anges sonnant de la trompette et par les ressuscités qui soulèvent le couvercle de leur tombeau.
Une fois le tympan franchi, s’ouvre la nef centrale gothique avec une distribution de 4 chapelles dédiées à gauche et à droite ; cet ensemble très coloré entièrement rénové à l’identique.
This church is dedicated to Saint Maur (patron saint of charcoal burners) and was built between the 14th and 16th centuries.
Its construction, on the ruins of a first church, began in 1301, by the inhabitants who hired the services of architects and master craftsmen of all trades. Everyone pitches in, including the children. Special taxes with donations of money, real estate, annuities helped finance the work. There are 88 large legacies without counting the multitude of services and days of work provided by the little people so great was the Faith at that time. The church was opened for worship 43 years after the start of its construction and will undergo many transformations.
At the entrance is a remarkable tympanum which dates from the primitive church; sculpted tympanum dating from the second half of the 12th century. It represents the second Parousia of Christ (appearance of Christ) just before the Last Judgment, the imminence of which is due to the presence of 2 angels sounding the trumpet and by the resurrected who lift the lid of their tomb.
Once the tympanum is crossed, the Gothic central nave opens with a distribution of 4 dedicated chapels on the left and on the right; this very colorful set completely renovated identically.
Philip Mould:
Known as La Belle Jennings, the sitter was one of the most celebrated beauties at the court of Charles II. Gramont compares her with Aurora, or the goddess of spring and says of her: Miss Jennings ... had a complexion more dazzlingly fair than had ever yet been seen. Her tresses were a perfect blond.'
Frances was one of nine children (four sons and five daughters) of Richard Jennings of Holywell House, near St.Albans by his second wife Frances, daughter of Sir Giffard Thornhurst, Bart, of Agnes Court, Kent. Her younger sister Sarah was later to marry John Churchill and became the famous Duchess of Marlborough.
At the age of about 15, Frances became a Maid of Honour to the Duchess of York and her appearance at court caused a sensation. The French Ambassador Courtin described her thus: She is small but has a fine figure, a splendid complexion, hair like Madame de Longueville''s (you will remember), quick brilliant eyes and the finest and whitest skin I have ever seen.
Frances and her fellow Maids of Honour gained a reputation of some notoriety for their behaviour at Court. Samuel Pepys records the incident of Miss Jennings and Miss Price disguising themselves as orange girls:
What mad freaks the Mayds of Honour at Court have that Mrs.Jenings, one of the Duchesse's mayds, the other day dressed herself like an orange wench and went up and down and cried oranges; till falling down, or by such accident, though in the evening, her fine shoes were discerned and she put to a great deale of shame.
Her admirers included James, Duke of York, Marquis de Berni, Henry Jermyn and Richard Talbot but all of them were rejected. She was almost alone among her competitors in maintaining a reputation of chastity. In the spring of 1666 she married George Hamilton, an officer and a Roman Catholic. The King showed his approval by bestowing on Hamilton a pension of £500 a year and their first child, a daughter Elizabeth, was born a year later.
As a result of increased religious tension following the Great Fire, Catholics were forced to retire from the English army. As a consequence, Hamilton and 200 other Catholics in the Lifeguards transferred their services to France but not before he was knighted by the King in 1667. The Hamiltons quickly established themselves at the French Court. Hamilton raised a regiment of 1,500 Irish recruits and successfully took part in the victories at Sintzheim and Entzheim but was later killed at the Battle of Savarne in 1676. Frances was widowed with three children and Madame de Sevigne wrote that she was inconsolable and ruined beyond all hope. 4 The diarist John Evelyn met her in the same year at the house of the Countess of Berkeley, whose husband was Ambassador Extraordinary at Paris:
There was in my Lady Ambassadress's company Lady Hamilton, a sprightly young lady, much in the good graces of the family, wife of that valiant and worthy gentleman, George Hamilton, not long after slain in the wars. She had been a Maid of Honour to the Duchess, and now turned papist.
She petitioned the English court and secured for herself an annuity and the title of the Countess of Bantry. In 1679 she married in Paris, Colonel Richard Talbot, one of her early suitors at the Court of Charles II, but continued her court duties, attending the Queen at the Coronation in Westminster Abbey on 23 April 1685 and in the earlier lists of Queen Mary's household she appears as a Lady of the Bedchamber. Three months after the accession of James II, her husband was elevated as the Earl of Tyrconnel and given command of the army in Ireland.
His activities in Ireland aroused considerable controversy and as Commander of the Army in Ireland he disarmed the Protestants and filled the ranks with Catholics. He succeeded Clarendon as Viceroy in January 1687 and the following year he sent three thousand Irish troops to England. He fought courageously when his cause was shattered at the Battle of the Boyne. Tyrconnel decided to continue the struggle and returned to Ireland in 1691 but he died suddenly of apoplexy in Limerick after the defeat of Aughrim.
Frances was with the exiled court of James and Mary at St.Germain, when her husband died. She spent the following years in France, England and Holland before finally settling in Dublin where she lived in a house in Paradise Row, Arbor Hill, near Phoenix Park. She founded a nunnery in King Street for the Order of Poor Clares. She died as a result of falling out of bed and was buried in a vault in St.Patrick's Cathedral.
By Tyrconnel she had two daughters, of whom lady Charlotte was married to the Prince of Vintimiglia. Three of her daughters by Hamilton, Elizabeth, Frances and Mary married respectively Viscounts Ross, Dillon and Kingsland and were well known in Ireland as the Three Viscountesses.
Excerpt from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Banting:
Sir Frederick Grant Banting KBE MC FRS FRSC (November 14, 1891 – February 21, 1941) was a Canadian medical scientist, physician, painter, and Nobel laureate noted as the co-discoverer of insulin and its therapeutic potential.
In 1923, Banting and John Macleod received the Nobel Prize in Medicine. Banting shared the honours and award money with his colleague, Charles Best. That same year, the government of Canada granted Banting a lifetime annuity to continue his work. To this day, Frederick Banting, who received the Nobel Prize at age 32, remains the youngest Nobel laureate for Physiology/Medicine.
Malakoff Médéric is a joint, mutual and non-profit group of social protection, born on July 1 , 2008 from the merger of two historical actors in this sector: the Malakoff group and the Médéric group.
The Malakoff group comes from the Forges Committee , an employers' association created at the end of the 19th century for the mining and metallurgical sector. In 1891, a group of industrialists belonging to the Forges Committee created the Mutual Insurance Mutuals Fund of the Forges de France against industrial accidents. It is intended to guarantee the service of annuities in the event of accidents occurring during their work to the workers of the affiliated enterprises.
The arrondissement, called Opéra, is located on the right bank of the River Seine. It contains many places of cultural, historical, and architectural interest, including the Palais Garnier, home to the Paris Opera, Boulevard Haussmann, and its large department stores Galeries Lafayette and Printemps. (wikipedia)
L'Hôtel de Stockhem, appelé également de Stockhem de Heers, est un ancien hôtel particulier du début du XVIIIe siècle.
L'hôtel de Stockhem est construit aux environs de 1700, à l'emplacement d'un immeuble du XVIIe siècle dont il a conservé très peu d'éléments. Cet hôtel de maître a appartenu à la famille de Stockhem jusqu'aux environs de 1816. Après avoir fait fortune dans le monde de la métallurgie puis grâce à un commerce de rentes, les Stockhem cumulent des charges dans la plus haute magistrature de la cité de Liège et plusieurs autres membres de la famille feront partie du chapitre cathédral Saint-Lambert. Des alliances matrimoniales les font entrer dans la grande bourgeoisie et bientôt dans la noblesse. La Révolution va porter un coup sévère au lignage des Stockhem.
En 1936, l'hôtel de Stockhem devient le siège de l'école d'hôtellerie de Liège. Quelques années plus tard, l'école s'étend également à l'hôtel de Grady voisin.
The Hôtel de Stockhem, also known as the Hôtel de Stockhem de Heers, is a former private mansion dating back to the early 18th century.
The Hôtel de Stockhem was built around 1700 on the site of a 17th-century building, of which very few features have survived. This mansion belonged to the de Stockhem family until around 1816. After making their fortune in the metallurgy industry and then through an annuity business, the Stockhems held positions in the highest judiciary of the city of Liège, and several other members of the family were members of the Saint-Lambert Cathedral Chapter. Marriage alliances brought them into the upper middle class and soon into the nobility. The Revolution dealt a severe blow to the Stockhem lineage.
In 1936, the Hôtel de Stockhem became the headquarters of the Liège Hotel School. A few years later, the school also expanded to the neighboring Grady Hotel.
Cette église est dédiée à saint Maur (patron des charbonniers) et fut édifiée entre le XIVe et le XVIe siècle.
Sa construction, sur les ruines d’une 1re église, débuta en 1301, par les habitants qui louent les services d’architectes et de maîtres artisans de tous métiers. Tous mettent la main à la pâte y compris les enfants. Des impôts spéciaux avec dons d’argent, en biens immobiliers, en rentes ont aidé à financer les travaux. On compte 88 gros legs sans compter la multitude de prestations et de journées de travail fournies par les petits gens tant la Foi était grande à cette époque. L’église fut ouverte au culte 43 ans après le début de sa construction et subira de nombreuses transformations.
A l’entrée se situe un tympan remarquable qui lui date de l’église primitive ; tympan sculpté qui date de la seconde moitié du XIIe. Il représente la seconde Parousie du Christ (apparition du Christ) juste avant le Jugement Dernier dont l’imminence relève de la présence de 2 anges sonnant de la trompette et par les ressuscités qui soulèvent le couvercle de leur tombeau.
Une fois le tympan franchi, s’ouvre la nef centrale gothique avec une distribution de 4 chapelles dédiées à gauche et à droite ; cet ensemble très coloré entièrement rénové à l’identique.
This church is dedicated to Saint Maur (patron saint of charcoal burners) and was built between the 14th and 16th centuries.
Its construction, on the ruins of a first church, began in 1301, by the inhabitants who hired the services of architects and master craftsmen of all trades. Everyone pitches in, including the children. Special taxes with donations of money, real estate, annuities helped finance the work. There are 88 large legacies without counting the multitude of services and days of work provided by the little people so great was the Faith at that time. The church was opened for worship 43 years after the start of its construction and will undergo many transformations.
At the entrance is a remarkable tympanum which dates from the primitive church; sculpted tympanum dating from the second half of the 12th century. It represents the second Parousia of Christ (appearance of Christ) just before the Last Judgment, the imminence of which is due to the presence of 2 angels sounding the trumpet and by the resurrected who lift the lid of their tomb.
Once the tympanum is crossed, the Gothic central nave opens with a distribution of 4 dedicated chapels on the left and on the right; this very colorful set completely renovated identically.
The Federal style "Indian Dormitory", built in 1838, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
In the 1836 Treaty of Washington, the Ojibwa and Ottawa tribes ceded most of the northern part of Michigan's Lower Peninsula and part of the Upper Peninsula to the United States, in exchange for yearly annuity payments and training in farming methods. The Indian Dormitory was constructed for Native Americans coming to Mackinac to receive their payments..
Since 2010 the building has housed the Richard and Jane Manoogian Mackinac Art Museum.
Malakoff Médéric is a joint, mutual and non-profit group of social protection, born on July 1 , 2008 from the merger of two historical actors in this sector: the Malakoff group and the Médéric group.
The Malakoff group comes from the Forges Committee , an employers' association created at the end of the 19th century for the mining and metallurgical sector. In 1891, a group of industrialists belonging to the Forges Committee created the Mutual Insurance Mutuals Fund of the Forges de France against industrial accidents. It is intended to guarantee the service of annuities in the event of accidents occurring during their work to the workers of the affiliated enterprises.
The arrondissement, called Opéra, is located on the right bank of the River Seine. It contains many places of cultural, historical, and architectural interest, including the Palais Garnier, home to the Paris Opera, Boulevard Haussmann, and its large department stores Galeries Lafayette and Printemps. (Wikipedia)
Malakoff Médéric is a joint, mutual and non-profit group of social protection, born on July 1 , 2008 from the merger of two historical actors in this sector: the Malakoff group and the Médéric group.
The Malakoff group comes from the Forges Committee , an employers' association created at the end of the 19th century for the mining and metallurgical sector. In 1891, a group of industrialists belonging to the Forges Committee created the Mutual Insurance Mutuals Fund of the Forges de France against industrial accidents. It is intended to guarantee the service of annuities in the event of accidents occurring during their work to the workers of the affiliated enterprises.
The arrondissement, called Opéra, is located on the right bank of the River Seine. It contains many places of cultural, historical, and architectural interest, including the Palais Garnier, home to the Paris Opera, Boulevard Haussmann, and its large department stores Galeries Lafayette and Printemps. (Wikipedia)
Mary of Teck
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mary of Teck
Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions; Empress consort of India
Tenure6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936
Coronation22 June 1911
SpouseGeorge V of the United Kingdom
Issue
Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, later Duke of Windsor
George VI of the United Kingdom
Mary, Princess Royal, Countess of Harewood
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
Prince George, Duke of Kent
Prince John
Full name
Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes
HouseHouse of Windsor
House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
House of Württemberg
FatherFrancis, Duke of Teck
MotherPrincess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge
Born26 May 1867
Kensington Palace, London
Died24 March 1953 (aged 85)
Marlborough House, London
Burial31 March 1953
St George's Chapel, Windsor
Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953) was the queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, as the wife of King-Emperor George V. By birth, she was a princess of Teck, in the Kingdom of Württemberg, with the style Serene Highness. To her family, she was informally known as May, after her birth month.
Her father, who was of German extraction, married into the British Royal Family, and "May" was born and brought up in the United Kingdom. At the age of 24 she was betrothed to Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, the second in line to the British throne, but six weeks after the announcement of the engagement he unexpectedly died of pneumonia. The following year she became engaged to Albert Victor's next surviving brother, George, who subsequently became king. Before her husband's accession, she was successively Duchess of York, Duchess of Cornwall, and Princess of Wales. As his queen consort from 1910, she supported her husband through World War I, his ill-health, and major political changes arising from the aftermath of the war and the rise of socialism and nationalism. After George's death in 1936, her eldest son Edward became King-Emperor, but to her dismay he abdicated the same year in order to marry twice-divorced American socialite Mrs. Wallis Simpson. She supported her second son, Albert, who succeeded to the throne as George VI, until his death in 1952. She died the following year, at the beginning of the reign of her granddaughter, Elizabeth II. Briefly, there were three queens in the country: Mary; her daughter-in-law, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother; and Elizabeth II.
Contents [hide]
1 Early life
2 Engagements
3 Duchess of York
4 Princess of Wales
5 Queen consort
6 Queen Mother
7 Legacy
8 Titles, styles, honours and arms
8.1 Titles and styles
8.2 Honours
8.3 Arms
9 Ancestry
10 Issue
11 See also
12 Notes and sources
13 References
14 External links
[edit]Early life
Princess Victoria Mary ("May") of Teck was born on 26 May 1867 at Kensington Palace, London. Her father was Prince Francis, Duke of Teck, the son of Duke Alexander of Württemberg by his morganatic wife, Countess Claudine Rhédey von Kis-Rhéde. Her mother was Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, the third child and younger daughter of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, and Princess Augusta of Hesse-Cassel. She was baptised in the Chapel Royal of Kensington Palace on 27 July 1867 by Charles Thomas Longley, Archbishop of Canterbury, and her three godparents were Queen Victoria, the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII and May's father-in-law), and Princess Augusta, the Duchess of Cambridge.[1]
May's upbringing was "merry but fairly strict".[2] She was the eldest of four children, the only girl, and "learned to exercise her native discretion, firmness and tact" by resolving her three younger brothers' petty boyhood squabbles.[3] They played with their cousins, the children of the Prince of Wales, who were similar in age.[4] May was educated at home by her mother and governess (as were her brothers until they were sent to boarding schools).[5] The Duchess of Teck spent an unusually long time with her children for a lady of her time and class,[2] and enlisted May in various charitable endeavours, which included visiting the tenements of the poor.[6]
Although her mother was a grandchild of King George III, May was only a minor member of the British Royal Family. Her father, the Duke of Teck, had no inheritance or wealth, and carried the lower royal style of Serene Highness because his parents' marriage was morganatic.[7] However, the Duchess of Teck was granted a Parliamentary Annuity of £5000, and received about £4000 a year from her mother, the Duchess of Cambridge.[8] Despite this, the family was deeply in debt and lived abroad from 1883, in order to economise.[9] The Tecks travelled throughout Europe, visiting their various relations. They stayed in Florence, Italy, for a time, where May enjoyed visiting the art galleries, churches and museums.[10]
In 1885, the Tecks returned to London, and took up residence at White Lodge, in Richmond Park. May was close to her mother, and acted as an unofficial secretary, helping to organise parties and social events. She was also close to her aunt, the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (née Princess Augusta of Cambridge), and wrote to her every week. During World War I, the Crown Princess of Sweden helped pass letters from May to her aunt, who lived in enemy territory in Germany until her death in 1916.[11]
[edit]Engagements
Princess Victoria Mary shortly before her marriage to the Duke of York in 1893
In December 1891, May was engaged to her second cousin, once-removed, Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, the eldest son of the Prince of Wales.[12] The choice of May as bride for the Duke owed much to Queen Victoria's fondness for her, as well as to her strong character and sense of duty. However, the Duke of Clarence and Avondale died six weeks later during the worldwide influenza pandemic that swept through Britain in the winter of 1891–2.[13]
Albert Victor's brother, Prince George, Duke of York, now second in line to the throne, evidently became close to May during their shared period of mourning, and Queen Victoria still favoured May as a suitable candidate to marry a future king.[14] In May 1893, George proposed, and May accepted. They were soon deeply in love, and their marriage was a success. George wrote to May every day they were apart and, unlike his father, never took a mistress.[15]
[edit]Duchess of York
See also: Wedding of Prince George, Duke of York, and Princess Mary of Teck
May married Prince George, Duke of York, on 6 July 1893 at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace, in London.[16] The new Duke and Duchess of York lived in York Cottage on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, and in apartments in St. James's Palace. York Cottage was a modest house for royalty, but it was a favourite of George, who liked a relatively simple life.[17] They had six children: Edward, Albert, Mary, Henry, George, and John.
Princess Victoria Mary, The Duchess of Cornwall and York. Ottawa, 1901
The Duchess loved her children, but she put them in the care of a nanny, as was usual in upper-class families at the time. The first nanny was dismissed for insolence and the second for abusing the children. This second woman, anxious to suggest that the children preferred her to anyone else, would pinch Edward and Albert whenever they were about to be presented to their parents, so that they would start crying and be speedily returned to her. On discovery, she was replaced by her effective and much-loved assistant, Mrs. Bill.[18]
Sometimes, Queen Mary appears to have been a distant mother. At first, she failed to notice the nanny's abuse of the young Princes Edward and Albert,[19] and her youngest son, Prince John, was housed in a private farm on the Sandringham Estate, in the care of Mrs. Bill, perhaps to hide his epilepsy from the public. However, despite her austere public image and her strait-laced private life, Mary was a caring mother in many respects, revealing a fun-loving and frivolous side to her children and teaching them history and music. Edward wrote fondly of his mother in his memoirs: "Her soft voice, her cultivated mind, the cosy room overflowing with personal treasures were all inseparable ingredients of the happiness associated with this last hour of a child's day ... Such was my mother's pride in her children that everything that happened to each one was of the utmost importance to her. With the birth of each new child, Mama started an album in which she painstakingly recorded each progressive stage of our childhood".[20] He expressed a less charitable view, however, in private letters to his wife after his mother's death: "My sadness was mixed with incredulity that any mother could have been so hard and cruel towards her eldest son for so many years and yet so demanding at the end without relenting a scrap. I'm afraid the fluids in her veins have always been as icy cold as they are now in death."[21]
As Duke and Duchess of York, George and May carried out a variety of public duties. In 1897, she became the Patron of the London Needlework Guild in succession to her mother. The Guild, initially established as The London Guild in 1882, was renamed several times, and was named after Mary between 1914 and 2010.[22]
On 22 January 1901, Queen Victoria died, and May's father-in-law, Albert Edward, ascended the throne as King Edward VII. For most of the rest of that year, George and May were styled TRH The Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York. For eight months they toured the British Empire, visiting Gibraltar, Malta, Egypt, Ceylon, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Mauritius, South Africa and Canada. No royal had undertaken such an ambitious tour before. She broke down in tears at the thought of leaving her children, who were to be left in the care of their grandparents, for such a lengthy period of time.[23]
[edit]Princess of Wales
The Princess of Wales at court, 1902
On 9 November 1901, nine days after arriving back in Britain and on the King's sixtieth birthday, George was created Prince of Wales. The family moved their London residence from St James's Palace to Marlborough House. As Princess of Wales, May accompanied her husband on trips to Austria-Hungary and Württemberg in 1904. The following year, she gave birth to her last child, John. It was a difficult labour, and although May recovered quickly, her newborn son suffered respiratory problems.[24]
From October 1905 the Prince and Princess of Wales undertook another eight month tour, this time of India, and the children were once again left in the care of their grandparents.[25] They passed through Egypt both ways and on the way back stopped in Greece. The tour was almost immediately followed by a trip to Spain for the wedding of King Alfonso XIII to Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, at which the bride and groom narrowly avoided assassination.[26] Only a week after returning to Britain, May and George went to Norway for the coronation of King Haakon VII and Queen Maud (George's sister).
[edit]Queen consort
King George V and Queen Mary
Queen Mary with her daughter Princess Mary during World War I.
On 6 May 1910, Edward VII died. The Prince of Wales ascended the throne as George V, and Mary became queen consort. When her husband asked her to drop one of her two official names, Victoria Mary, she chose to be called Mary, preferring not to take the name of her husband's grandmother, Queen Victoria.[27] Queen Mary was crowned with the King on 22 June 1911 at Westminster Abbey. Later in the year, the new King and Queen travelled to India for the Delhi Durbar held on 12 December 1911, and toured the sub-continent as Emperor and Empress of India, returning to Britain in February.[28] The beginning of Mary's period as consort brought her into conflict with the Dowager Queen Alexandra. Although the two were on friendly terms, Alexandra could be stubborn; she demanded precedence over Mary at the funeral of Edward VII, was slow in leaving Buckingham Palace, and kept some of the royal jewels that should have been passed to the new queen.[29]
During World War I, Queen Mary instituted an austerity drive at the palace, where she rationed food, and visited wounded and dying servicemen in hospital, which she found a great emotional strain.[30] After three years of war against Germany, and with anti-German feeling in Britain running high, the Russian Imperial Family, which had been deposed by a revolutionary government, was refused asylum, possibly in part because the Tsar's wife was German-born.[31] News of the Tsar's abdication provided a boost to those in Britain who wished to replace the monarchy with a republic.[32] After republicans used the couple's German heritage as an argument for reform, George abandoned his German titles and renamed the Royal House from the German "Saxe-Coburg and Gotha" to the English "Windsor". Other royals anglicised their names; the Battenbergs became the Mountbattens, for example. The Queen's relatives also abandoned their German titles, and adopted the British surname of Cambridge (derived from the Dukedom held by Queen Mary's British grandfather). The war ended in 1918 with the defeat of Germany and the abdication and exile of the Kaiser.
Teck-Cambridge Family
Francis, Duke of Teck[show]
Adolphus, Marquess of Cambridge[show]
Alexander, Earl of Athlone[show]
Two months after the end of the war, Queen Mary's youngest son, John, died at the age of thirteen. She described her shock and sorrow in her diary and letters, extracts of which were published after her death: "our poor darling little Johnnie had passed away suddenly ... The first break in the family circle is hard to bear but people have been so kind & sympathetic & this has helped us [the King and me] much."[33] Her staunch support of her husband continued during the latter half of his reign. She advised him on speeches, and used her extensive knowledge of history and royalty to advise him on certain matters affecting his position. He appreciated her discretion, intelligence and judgement.[34] She maintained an air of self-assured calm throughout all her public engagements in the years after the war, a period marked by civil unrest over social conditions, Irish independence and Indian nationalism.[35]
In the late 1920s, George V became increasingly ill with lung problems, exacerbated by his heavy smoking. Queen Mary paid particular attention to his care. During his illness in 1928, one of his doctors, Sir Farquhar Buzzard, was asked who had saved the King's life. He replied, "The Queen".[36] In 1935, King George V and Queen Mary celebrated their silver jubilee, with celebrations taking place throughout the British Empire. In his jubilee speech, George paid public tribute to his wife, having told his speechwriter, "Put that paragraph at the very end. I cannot trust myself to speak of the Queen when I think of all I owe her."[37]
[edit]Queen Mother
George V died on 20 January 1936, after his physician, Lord Dawson of Penn, gave him an injection of morphine and cocaine which may have hastened his death.[38] Queen Mary's eldest son, Edward, Prince of Wales, ascended the throne as Edward VIII. She was now officially Queen Mother, though she did not use that title and was instead known as Her Majesty Queen Mary.
Within the year, Edward caused a constitutional crisis by announcing his desire to marry his twice-divorced American mistress, Mrs. Wallis Simpson. Queen Mary disapproved of divorce, which was against the teaching of the Anglican Church, and thought Mrs. Simpson wholly unsuitable to be the wife of a king. After receiving advice from the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Stanley Baldwin, as well as the Dominion governments, that he could not remain king and marry Mrs. Simpson, Edward abdicated. Though loyal and supportive of her son, Queen Mary could not comprehend why Edward would neglect his royal duties in favour of his personal feelings.[39] Mrs. Simpson had been presented formally to both King George V and Queen Mary at court,[40] but Queen Mary later refused to meet her either in public or privately.[41] Queen Mary saw it as her duty to provide moral support for her second son, the reserved and stammering Prince Albert, Duke of York, who ascended the throne upon Edward's abdication, taking the name George VI. When Mary attended the coronation, she became the first British dowager queen ever to do so.[42] Edward's abdication did not lessen her love for him, but she never wavered in her disapproval of the damage she believed had been done to the Crown.[15][43]
Queen Mary with her granddaughters, Princesses Margaret (front) and Elizabeth
Queen Mary took an interest in the upbringing of her granddaughters, Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret, and took them on various excursions in London, to art galleries and museums. (The Princesses' own parents thought it unnecessary for them to be taxed with any demanding educational regime.)[44]
During World War II, George VI wished his mother to be evacuated from London. Although she was reluctant, she decided to live at Badminton House, Gloucestershire, with her niece, Mary Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort, the daughter of her brother, Lord Cambridge.[45] Her personal belongings were transported from London in seventy pieces of luggage. Her household, which comprised fifty-five servants, occupied most of the house, except for the Duke and Duchess's private suites, until after the war. The only people to complain about the arrangements were the royal servants, who found the house too small,[46] though Queen Mary annoyed her niece by having the ancient ivy torn from the walls as she considered it unattractive and a hazard. From Badminton, in support of the war effort, she visited troops and factories, and directed the gathering of scrap materials. She was known to offer lifts to soldiers she spotted on the roads.[47] In 1942, her youngest surviving son, Prince George, Duke of Kent, was killed in an air crash while on active service. Queen Mary finally returned to Marlborough House in June 1945, after the war in Europe had resulted in the defeat of Nazi Germany.
Queen Mary was an eager collector of objects and pictures with a royal connection.[48] She paid above-market estimates when purchasing jewels from the estate of Dowager Empress Marie of Russia[49] and paid almost three times the estimate when buying the family's Cambridge Emeralds from Lady Kilmorey, the mistress of her late brother Prince Francis.[50] In 1924, the famous architect Sir Edwin Lutyens created Queen Mary's Dolls' House for her collection of miniature pieces.[51] Indeed, she has sometimes been criticised for her aggressive acquisition of objets d'art for the Royal Collection. On several occasions, she would express to hosts, or others, that she admired something they had in their possession, in the expectation that the owner would be willing to donate it.[52] Her extensive knowledge of, and research into, the Royal Collection helped in identifying artefacts and artwork that had gone astray over the years.[53] The Royal Family had lent out many objects over previous generations. Once she had identified unreturned items through old inventories, she would write to the holders, requesting that they be returned.[54]
In 1952, King George VI died, the third of Queen Mary's children to predecease her; her eldest granddaughter, Princess Elizabeth, ascended the throne as Queen Elizabeth II. Queen Mary died the next year of lung cancer (referred to publicly as "gastric problems"[55]) at the age of 85, only ten weeks before Elizabeth's coronation. Queen Mary let it be known that, in the event of her death, the coronation was not to be postponed. Her remains lay in state at Westminster Hall, where large numbers of mourners filed past her coffin. She is buried beside her husband in the nave of St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.[56]
Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset (18 March 1589, Charter House, London – 28 March 1624, Dorset House, London) was the son of Robert Sackville, 2nd Earl of Dorset.
Born at Charther House, London, Sackville was styled Lord Buckhurst from 1608 until 1609, when he succeeded his father as Earl of Dorset and inherited the family home of Knole House.
During the years, 1612–24, Sackville served as a Lord Lieutenant of Sussex.
Richard Sackville is perhaps best remembered as the first husband of Lady Anne Clifford; they married on 27 February 1609. Their marriage was not a success; partisans of the Earl tended to blame Lady Anne's powerful personality, while partisans of the Countess pointed to the Earl's repeated infidelities, not to mention his extravagance and indebtedness - “one of the seventeenth century’s most accomplished gamblers and wastrels”.[2].
Rumor noted later by the curious antiquary John Aubrey had it that one of Richard Sackville's "Concubines" was Venetia Stanley. She was said to have had children by him and he settled upon her an annuity of £500 p.a..[3] Among the Earl's other mistresses was Martha Penistone, the wife of Sir Thomas Penistone one of the Earl's retinue.[4]
At the time of their marriage, Lady Anne had been in a long-running legal contest over her inheritance rights; in 1617, the 3rd Earl signed away her claim on contested ancestral lands to James I, in return for a cash payment, which the Earl used to pay off his gambling debts.[5]
The 3rd Earl and Lady Anne had five children between 1615 and 1624; unfortunately none of their three sons, born in 1616, 1618, and 1621, survived their father. Their two daughters, Isabella (born 6 October 1622, died 22 August 1719) and Margaret (born posthumously on 2 July 1624, died May 1676), were longer lived. Margaret became the wife of John Tufton, 2nd Earl of Thanet.
The 3rd Earl died without a male heir on Easter Sunday of 1624 at Dorset House, London, and was succeeded by his younger brother Edward Sackville. The 3rd Earl was buried on 7 April 1624 at St. Michael's Parish Church in Withyham, Sussex.
Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset (18 March 1589, Charter House, London – 28 March 1624, Dorset House, London) was the son of Robert Sackville, 2nd Earl of Dorset.
Born at Charther House, London, Sackville was styled Lord Buckhurst from 1608 until 1609, when he succeeded his father as Earl of Dorset and inherited the family home of Knole House.
During the years, 1612–24, Sackville served as a Lord Lieutenant of Sussex.
Richard Sackville is perhaps best remembered as the first husband of Lady Anne Clifford; they married on 27 February 1609. Their marriage was not a success; partisans of the Earl tended to blame Lady Anne's powerful personality, while partisans of the Countess pointed to the Earl's repeated infidelities, not to mention his extravagance and indebtedness - “one of the seventeenth century’s most accomplished gamblers and wastrels”.[2].
Rumor noted later by the curious antiquary John Aubrey had it that one of Richard Sackville's "Concubines" was Venetia Stanley. She was said to have had children by him and he settled upon her an annuity of £500 p.a..[3] Among the Earl's other mistresses was Martha Penistone, the wife of Sir Thomas Penistone one of the Earl's retinue.[4]
At the time of their marriage, Lady Anne had been in a long-running legal contest over her inheritance rights; in 1617, the 3rd Earl signed away her claim on contested ancestral lands to James I, in return for a cash payment, which the Earl used to pay off his gambling debts.[5]
The 3rd Earl and Lady Anne had five children between 1615 and 1624; unfortunately none of their three sons, born in 1616, 1618, and 1621, survived their father. Their two daughters, Isabella (born 6 October 1622, died 22 August 1719) and Margaret (born posthumously on 2 July 1624, died May 1676), were longer lived. Margaret became the wife of John Tufton, 2nd Earl of Thanet.
The 3rd Earl died without a male heir on Easter Sunday of 1624 at Dorset House, London, and was succeeded by his younger brother Edward Sackville. The 3rd Earl was buried on 7 April 1624 at St. Michael's Parish Church in Withyham, Sussex.
Frances Walsingham (also Frances Sidney; Frances Devereux, Countess of Essex; Frances De Burgh (or Burke), Countess of St. Albans and Clanricarde) 1569 - 13 February 1631) was an English countess during the Tudor and Stuart periods.
She was the only child of Sir Francis Walsingham, spymaster for Queen Elizabeth I, and Ursula St. Barbe. A lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth, she married Philip Sidney in 1583; although he died three years later in 1586. In 1590 Frances’ father also died and she was left with an annuity of £300.
In 1590 Frances married again, to Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, to whom she had been committed by Philip at his death fighting overseas. This match which caused great displeasure to the Queen. Elizabeth was said to have been in love with Essex, who was the stepson of her great love, Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester. Essex was also the great-grandson of two of Henry VIII's mistresses, Mary Boleyn, the sister of Queen Anne Boleyn, and Anne Stafford, Countess of Huntingdon . Some historians believe that Catherine Carey, the daughter of Mary Boleyn and the grandmother of Essex, was fathered by Henry VIII. This would make Frances' children the great-great-grandchildren of England's best-known king.
Robert was executed in 1601 after participating in an attempted coup against the Queen. Frances had three children with her second husband, these were named Frances, Robert and Dorothy. Robert became the third Earl of Essex.
In 1603, she remarried to Richard De Burgh (or Burke), Earl of St Albans and Clanricarde. They had one daughter, Honor, Marchioness of Winchester.
L'Hôtel de Stockhem, appelé également de Stockhem de Heers, est un ancien hôtel particulier du début du XVIIIe siècle.
L'hôtel de Stockhem est construit aux environs de 1700, à l'emplacement d'un immeuble du XVIIe siècle dont il a conservé très peu d'éléments. Cet hôtel de maître a appartenu à la famille de Stockhem jusqu'aux environs de 1816. Après avoir fait fortune dans le monde de la métallurgie puis grâce à un commerce de rentes, les Stockhem cumulent des charges dans la plus haute magistrature de la cité de Liège et plusieurs autres membres de la famille feront partie du chapitre cathédral Saint-Lambert. Des alliances matrimoniales les font entrer dans la grande bourgeoisie et bientôt dans la noblesse. La Révolution va porter un coup sévère au lignage des Stockhem.
En 1936, l'hôtel de Stockhem devient le siège de l'école d'hôtellerie de Liège. Quelques années plus tard, l'école s'étend également à l'hôtel de Grady voisin.
The Hôtel de Stockhem, also known as the Hôtel de Stockhem de Heers, is a former private mansion dating back to the early 18th century.
The Hôtel de Stockhem was built around 1700 on the site of a 17th-century building, of which very few features have survived. This mansion belonged to the de Stockhem family until around 1816. After making their fortune in the metallurgy industry and then through an annuity business, the Stockhems held positions in the highest judiciary of the city of Liège, and several other members of the family were members of the Saint-Lambert Cathedral Chapter. Marriage alliances brought them into the upper middle class and soon into the nobility. The Revolution dealt a severe blow to the Stockhem lineage.
In 1936, the Hôtel de Stockhem became the headquarters of the Liège Hotel School. A few years later, the school also expanded to the neighboring Grady Hotel.
The parish of St James, Clerkenwell, has had a long and sometimes lively history. By 1788 the old church, which was a medley of seventeenth and eighteenth century sections in various styles grafted onto the remains of the mediaeval nunnery church, presented an appearance of picturesque and dilapidated muddle. In that year an act of parliament was passed for the rebuilding of the church, the money to be provided by the sale of annuities. The architect was a local man, James Carr, and he produced a building which is pre-eminently a preaching-house but with carefully planned and harmonious detail clearly influenced by Wren and Gibbs. The new church was dedicated by Bishop Beilby Porteus in 1792. The upper galleries were added in 1822 for the children of the Sunday-School, founded in 1807 and still flourishing; the back parts of the upper galleries were for the use of the poor. The tower and spire were restored in 1849 by W. P. Griffith, and Sir Arthur Blomfield restored the church and rearranged the ground floor in 1882; both works were done very well. Inside, a noteworthy feature is the curved acoustic wall at the west end. The wall at the east end originally had painted panels in the Venetian window frame; the stained glass in the east windows is by Heaton, Butler and Bayne, 1863.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_James%27s_Church,_Clerkenwell
IMG_1944
Le siège du CESW se situe à Liège, rue du Vertbois dans le bâtiment de l'ancien Hospice des Incurables et des filles repenties.
Cet établissement charitable est dû à l'initiative de Dewaldor chanoine de Saint-Denis. En 1689, M. de Tignée céda aux Incurables deux maisons qu'il possédait au faubourg Saint-Léonard près du couvent de ce nom. Le vicomte de Montenacken fit don en 1690 pour le même usage d'une maison située près du Pont du Torrent derrière Saint-Denis. En 1701, le baron de Surlet, vicaire général, légua aux Incurables un grand terrain et de spacieux bâtiments dans la rue du Vertbois. Il y ajouta une rente annuelle de 3 000 florins et de plus 50 000 florins pour frais d'établissement. C'est à partir de 1705 que les Incurables des deux sexes sont transférés dans la rue du Vertbois. En 1756, les hommes sont transférés rue Grande-Bêche dans les bâtiments occupés avant eux par les religieuses conceptionnistes. Ils sont toujours là à la fin du XIXe siècle. En 1891, les femmes incurables déménagent au Valdor.
This charitable institution is due to the initiative of Dewaldor canon of Saint-Denis. In 1689, Mr. de Tignée yielded to Incurable two houses he owned in Saint-Leonard suburb near the Convent of the name. Viscount Montenacken donated in 1690 for the same use of a house located near the Pont Torrent behind Saint-Denis. In 1701, Baron Surlet, Vicar General, bequeathed the Incurable large grounds and spacious buildings in the street of Greenwood. He added an annuity of 3000 florins and over 50,000 florins for establishment costs. It was from 1705 that the Incurable of both sexes are transferred into the street Vertbois. In 1756, the men were transferred Great Beche Street in buildings occupied by them before the religious Conceptionist. They are always there in the late nineteenth century. In 1891, the women move in Valdor incurable.
A former Benedictine monastery, it is now a parish church. Considered one of the finest examples of Norman architecture in Britain, it has "probably the largest and finest Romanesque" crossing tower in England.
After the Battle of Tewkesbury in the Wars of the Roses on 4 May 1471, some of the defeated Lancastrians sought sanctuary in the abbey. The victorious Yorkists, led by King Edward IV, forced their way into the abbey; the resulting bloodshed caused the building to be closed for a month until it could be purified and re-consecrated.
At the dissolution of the monasteries, the last abbot, John Wakeman, surrendered the abbey to the commissioners of King Henry VIII on 9 January 1539. As a former monk of an endowed community, he received an annuity. This was the relatively large sum of 400 marks, but would have ceased when he was ordained as the first Bishop of Gloucester in September 1541. Meanwhile, the people of Tewkesbury saved the abbey from destruction. Insisting that it was their parish church which they had the right to keep, they bought it from the Crown for the value of its bells and lead roof which would have been salvaged and melted down, leaving the structure a roofless ruin. The price came to £453.
The bells merited their own free-standing belltower, an unusual feature in English sites. After the dissolution, the bell-tower was used as the gaol for the borough until it was demolished in the late 18th century.
The central stone tower was originally topped with a wooden spire, which collapsed in 1559 and was never rebuilt. Restoration undertaken in the late 19th century under Sir George Gilbert Scott was reopened on 23 September 1879. Work continued under the direction of his son John Oldrid Scott until 1910 and included the rood screen of 1892.
Flood waters from the nearby River Severn reached inside the abbey during severe floods in 1760, and again on 23 July 2007.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_Park
Lyme Park is a large estate located south of Disley, Cheshire. The estate is managed by the National Trust and consists of a mansion house surrounded by formal gardens, in a deer park in the Peak District National Park.[1] The house is the largest in Cheshire,[2] and is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building.[3]
The estate was granted to Sir Thomas Danyers in 1346 and passed to the Leghs of Lyme by marriage in 1388. It remained in the possession of the Legh family until 1946 when it was given to the National Trust. The house dates from the latter part of the 16th century. Modifications were made to it in the 1720s by Giacomo Leoni, who retained some of the Elizabethan features and added others, particularly the courtyard and the south range. It is difficult to classify Leoni's work at Lyme, as it contains elements of both Palladian and Baroque styles.[a] Further modifications were made by Lewis Wyatt in the 19th century, especially to the interior. Formal gardens were created and developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The house, gardens and park have been used as locations for filming and they are open to the public. The Lyme Caxton Missal is on display in the Library.
History
The land now occupied by Lyme Park was granted to Piers Legh and his wife Margaret D'anyers, by letters patent dated January 4, 1398, by Richard II, son of the Black Prince. Margaret D'anyers' grandfather, Sir Thomas D'anyers, had taken part in retrieving the standard of the Black Prince at the Battle of Crécy in 1346, and was rewarded with annuity of 40 marks a year by the Black Prince, drawn on his Cheshire estate, and which could be exchanged for land of that value belonging to the Black Prince. Sir Thomas died in 1354, and the annuity passed to his nearest surviving kin, his granddaughter Margaret, who in 1388 married the first Piers Legh (Piers Legh I). Richard II favoured Piers and granted his family a coat of arms in 1397, and the estate of Lyme Handley in 1398 redeeming the annuity. However, Piers was executed two years later by Richard's rival for the throne, Henry Bolingbroke.[6]
When in 1415 Sir Piers Legh II was wounded in the Battle of Agincourt, his mastiff stood over and protected him for many hours through the battle. The mastiff was later returned to Legh's home and was the foundation of the Lyme Hall Mastiffs. They were bred at the hall and kept separate from other strains, figuring prominently in founding the modern breed. The strain died out around the beginning of the 20th century.[7][8]
The first record of a house on the site is in a manuscript folio dated 1465, but that house was demolished when construction of the present building began during the life of Piers Legh VII, in the middle of the 16th century.[5] This house, by an unknown designer, was L-shaped in plan with east and north ranges; piecemeal additions were made to it during the 17th century. In the 1720s Giacomo Leoni, an architect from Venice, added a south range to the house creating a courtyard plan, and made other changes.[3] While he retained some of its Elizabethan features, many of his changes were in a mixture of Palladian and Baroque styles.[2] During the latter part of the 18th century Piers Legh XIII bought most of the furniture which is in the house today. However, the family fortunes declined and the house began to deteriorate. In the early 19th century the estate was owned by Thomas Legh, who commissioned Lewis Wyatt to restore the house between 1816 and 1822. Wyatt's alterations were mainly to the interior, where he remodelled every room.[9] Leoni had intended to add a cupola to the south range but this never materialised.[10] Instead, Wyatt added a tower-like structure (a hamper) to provide bedrooms for the servants. He also added a one-storey block to the east range, containing a dining-room.[2] Later in the century William Legh, 1st Baron Newton, added stables and other buildings to the estate, and created the Dutch Garden.[9] Further alterations were made to the gardens by Thomas Legh, 2nd Baron Newton and his wife during the early 20th century.[11] In 1946 Richard Legh, 3rd Baron Newton, gave Lyme Park to the National Trust.[12]
House
The house is the largest in Cheshire, measuring overall 190 feet (58 m) by 130 feet (40 m) round a courtyard plan. The older part is built in coursed, squared buff sandstone rubble with sandstone dressings; the later work is in ashlar sandstone. The whole house has a roof of Welsh slates. The symmetrical north face is of 15 bays in three storeys; its central bay consists of a slightly protruding gateway. The arched doorway in this bay has Doric columns with a niche on each side. Above the doorway are three more Doric columns with a pediment, and above this are three further columns. Over all this are four further columns with an open pediment bearing an image of Minerva. The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner referred to this gateway as "the craziest Elizabethan frontispiece".[13] The endmost three bays on each side project slightly forwards. The ground floors of the three outer bays on each side are rusticated, and their upper storeys are divided by large Corinthian pilasters.[3] The west front is also in three storeys, with nine bays, the outer two bays on each side projecting forward. The ground floor is rusticated and the upper floors are smooth.[2]
North front of the house seen through the gateway
The symmetrical 15-bay three-storey south front overlooking the pond is the work of Leoni.[2] Although Leoni had been influenced by the works and principles of Palladio,[14] both Pevsner and the authors of the citation in the National Heritage List for England agree that the design of this front is more Baroque than Palladian.[2][3] The bottom storey is rusticated with arched windows, and the other storeys are smooth with rectangular windows. The middle three bays consist of a portico of which the lowest storey has three arches. Above this arise four giant fluted Ionic columns supporting a triangular pediment.[2][3] Standing on the pediment are three lead statues, of Neptune, Venus and Pan.[15] The pediment partly hides Wyatt's blind balustraded ashlar attic block. The other bays are separated by plain Ionic pilasters and the end three bays on each side protrude slightly.[2][3] The nine-bay three-storey east front is mostly Elizabethan in style and has Wyatt's single-storey extension protruding from its centre.[3] The courtyard was remodelled by Leoni, who gave it a rusticated cloister on all sides. Above the cloister the architecture differs on the four sides although all the windows on the first (piano nobile) floor have pediments. On the west side is a one-bay centrepiece with a window between two Doric pilasters; on the south and north are three windows with four similar pilasters; and on the east front is the grand entrance with a portal in a Tuscan aedicule.[2] This entrance is between the first and second storeys and is approached by symmetrical pairs of stairs with iron balusters,[3] which were made in 1734 by John Gardom of Baslow, Derbyshire.[16][b] In the centre of the courtyard is an Italian Renaissance well-head, surrounded by chequered pink and white stone, simulating marble.[10]
Interior
The Entrance Hall, which is in the east range, was remodelled by Leoni. It is asymmetrical and contains giant pilasters and a screen of three fluted Ionic columns. The doorway to the courtyard has an open pediment. A hinged picture can be swung out from the wall to reveal a squint looking into the Entrance Hall.[2] Also in the Entrance Hall are tapestries which were woven at Mortlake between 1623 and 1636. They were originally in the Leghs' London home in Belgrave Square and were moved to Lyme in 1903. In order to accommodate them, the interior decorator, Amadée Joubert, had to make alterations, including the removal of a tabernacle and cutting out four of the pilasters.[18] To the south of the Entrance Hall is the Library, and to the east is Wyatt's Dining Room, which has a stucco ceiling and a carved overmantel both in a late 17th-century style, as well as a frieze. The decoration of this room is considered to be a rare early example of the Wrenaissance style.[2]
To the north of the Entrance Hall are the two principal Elizabethan rooms, the Drawing Room and the Stag Parlour. The Drawing Room is panelled with intersecting arches above which is a marquetry frieze. The ceiling has studded bands, strapwork cartouches and a broad frieze. Over the fireplace is a large stone overmantel, which is decorated with pairs of atlantes and caryatids framing the arms of Elizabeth I.[2] The stained glass in this room includes medieval glass that was moved from the original Lyme Hall to Disley Church and returned to Lyme in 1835.[3] The Stag Parlour has a chimneypiece depicting an Elizabethan house and hunting scenes, and it includes the arms of James I. The other Elizabethan rooms in the house are the Stone Parlour on the ground floor, and the Long Gallery, which is on the top floor of the east range. The Long Gallery also has a chimneypiece with the arms of Elizabeth I. The Grand Staircase dates from the remodelling by Leoni and it has a Baroque ceiling.[2] The Saloon is on the first floor of the south range, behind the portico.[19] Its ceiling is decorated in rococo style,[20] and the room contains wooden carvings that have been attributed to Grinling Gibbons.[3][c] The Chapel, in the northeast corner of the ground floor, also contains detailed carvings.[2]
This missal had been owned by the Legh family since at least 1508. It is the only known nearly complete copy of the earliest edition of a missal according to the Sarum Rite still in existence. When the family moved from the house in 1946, the missal went with them, and was held for safe-keeping in the John Rylands Library in Manchester. In the late 2000s the National Trust acquired it, and it was decided to return it to Lyme Park. To celebrate this the décor of the library was restored to the way it had been during the 19th century. This included re-graining of its ceiling, reproducing velvet for the upholstery and curtains, and re-papering the room with replica wallpaper, based on its original design.[21]
Grounds
The house is surrounded by formal gardens of 6 hectares (15 acres) in a deer park of about 550 hectares (1,359 acres) which are listed at Grade II* in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.[22][23] In the gardens and deer park are a number of structures.
Gardens
Dutch Garden
To the west of the house is the former mill pond. From the south side a lawn slopes down to another pond beyond which is a small ravine with a stone bridge, this area being known as Killtime. To the west of the lawn is the sunken Dutch Garden, which was created by William Legh. It consists of formal flower beds with a central fountain. To the west, south and east of the orangery are further formal flower gardens, including rose gardens.[11]
Deer park
The park was enclosed in the 14th century by Piers Legh I. In the 17th century Richard Legh planted avenues of sycamore and lime trees. Richard's son, Peter Legh XII carried out more extensive tree-planting in the park, giving it its current appearance.[11] Red deer descended from the original deer present when the park was enclosed graze in the grounds, as do Highland cattle. Formerly an unusual breed of wild white cattle with red ears grazed in the park but they became extinct in 1884.[24] Fallow deer and sheep also graze in the park.[12]
Structures
The Lantern
The most obvious structure in the park, other than the house, is a tower called the Cage which stands on a hill to the east of the approach road to the house (53.34453°N 2.05189°W). It was originally a hunting lodge and was later used as a park-keeper's cottage and as a lock-up for prisoners. The first structure on the site was built about 1580; this was taken down and rebuilt in 1737, possibly to a design by Leoni for Peter Legh X. The tower is built in buff sandstone rubble with ashlar sandstone dressings. It is square in plan, in three storeys, with attached small square towers surmounted by cupolas at the corners. The Cage is a Grade II* listed building.[25] Also in the park is the Paddock Cottage which was erected by Peter Legh IX and restored in the early 21st century. To the east of this are the remains of the Stag House (53.32211°N 2.05374°W).[11] To the left of the house in Lantern Wood is a belvedere known as the Lantern (53.33842°N 2.04333°W). It is built in sandstone and has three storeys and a spire; the lowest storey is square in plan while the other storeys and the spire are octagonal. The top storey and spire date from about 1580 and originally formed a bellcote on the north gatehouse. This was removed during the restoration of the house by Wyatt and rebuilt on the present site. It is a Grade II* listed building.[26]
Immediately to the northeast of the house is the Orangery which was designed in 1862 by Alfred Darbyshire.[2] The Orangery is joined to the house by a covered passage known as the Dark Passage. This was designed by Wyatt for Sir Thomas Legh in 1815 and is a Grade II listed building.[27] Further from the house, to the northeast of the orangery, are the stables (53.33912°N 2.05283°W). These are dated 1863 and were also designed by Darbyshire. They are built in sandstone on a courtyard plan and are listed at Grade II.[28] Other structures in the grounds listed at Grade II are the Pheasant House dating from about 1870,[29] an Italian white marble wellhead in the centre of the courtyard of the house dating from the 18th century and probably brought to the house from Venice in about 1900,[30] sandstone kennels in an H-plan dating from around 1870,[31] a pair of gardener's cottages dated 1871,[32] terrace revetment walls to the west of the house containing some 17th-century masonry with later repairs,[33] the lodge, gate piers and gates on Lyme Park Drive,[34] the forward gatepiers to Lyme Park Drive, dating from the late 17th century and moved to their present position about 1860,[35] the gate piers in Red Lane,[36] and the gate piers, gates and railings to the north of the north front of the house.[37]
Present day
Lyme Park is owned and administered by the National Trust. The house, garden and park are open to the public at advertised hours.[38] An entrance fee to the house and garden is payable by non-members of the National Trust, and additional fee is charged for parking.[39] In the grounds are shops, a refreshment kiosk, a coffee shop and a restaurant.[40] The Lyme Caxton Missal is on display in the library. Associated with it is an interactive audio-visual display with a touch-screen facility to enable pages of the book to be "turned", and chants from the missal to be sung as they would have been 500 years ago.[41] Events are held in the park.[42] The Bowmen of Lyme use the park for archery.[43]
Lyme Park and its hall have been used in several films and television programmes. The exterior of the hall was used as Pemberley, the seat of Mr Darcy, in the 1995 BBC adaptation of Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice,[11] and as a location for the Red Dwarf episode "Timeslides".[44] It was also used as a location in the 2011 film The Awakening[45] and in the second series of The Village in 2014.
Cette église est dédiée à saint Maur (patron des charbonniers) et fut édifiée entre le XIVe et le XVIe siècle.
Sa construction, sur les ruines d’une 1re église, débuta en 1301, par les habitants qui louent les services d’architectes et de maîtres artisans de tous métiers. Tous mettent la main à la pâte y compris les enfants. Des impôts spéciaux avec dons d’argent, en biens immobiliers, en rentes ont aidé à financer les travaux. On compte 88 gros legs sans compter la multitude de prestations et de journées de travail fournies par les petits gens tant la Foi était grande à cette époque. L’église fut ouverte au culte 43 ans après le début de sa construction et subira de nombreuses transformations.
A l’entrée se situe un tympan remarquable qui lui date de l’église primitive ; tympan sculpté qui date de la seconde moitié du XIIe. Il représente la seconde Parousie du Christ (apparition du Christ) juste avant le Jugement Dernier dont l’imminence relève de la présence de 2 anges sonnant de la trompette et par les ressuscités qui soulèvent le couvercle de leur tombeau.
Une fois le tympan franchi, s’ouvre la nef centrale gothique avec une distribution de 4 chapelles dédiées à gauche et à droite ; cet ensemble très coloré entièrement rénové à l’identique.
This church is dedicated to Saint Maur (patron saint of charcoal burners) and was built between the 14th and 16th centuries.
Its construction, on the ruins of a first church, began in 1301, by the inhabitants who hired the services of architects and master craftsmen of all trades. Everyone pitches in, including the children. Special taxes with donations of money, real estate, annuities helped finance the work. There are 88 large legacies without counting the multitude of services and days of work provided by the little people so great was the Faith at that time. The church was opened for worship 43 years after the start of its construction and will undergo many transformations.
At the entrance is a remarkable tympanum which dates from the primitive church; sculpted tympanum dating from the second half of the 12th century. It represents the second Parousia of Christ (appearance of Christ) just before the Last Judgment, the imminence of which is due to the presence of 2 angels sounding the trumpet and by the resurrected who lift the lid of their tomb.
Once the tympanum is crossed, the Gothic central nave opens with a distribution of 4 dedicated chapels on the left and on the right; this very colorful set completely renovated identically.
HENRY BRASSEY MONUMENT, 1891
"The Lord Watch Between Me and Thee,
When We are Absent One from Another"
TO THE GLORY OF GOD
AND IN LOVING MEMORY OF
HENRY ARTHUR BRASSEY
OF PRESTON HALL
1840 – 1891
AND OF HIS WIFE ANNA HARRIET
1844 – 1898
Henry Brassey, died 1891. "The Good Squire of Aylesford." Lived at Preston Hall, the 2nd son of Thomas Brassey, a leading Railway Contractor. Educated at Harrow and University College, Oxford. J.P. for Kent. Liberal Unionist M. P. for Sandwich 1868 – 1885. High Sheriff of Kent 1890 – 91. Captain of West Kent (Queen's Own) Yeomanry Cavalry.
Prize winning Cattle Breeder. He died of pneumonia, following the influenza epidemic of 1891. His Pall Bearers were some of his oldest workmen; Guard of Honour from the R. W. K. Y. C. Very large number of mourners attended funeral, a special train was laid on from Charing Cross.
The monument is rather disappointing and commonplace, it is a pity that the Brassys' taste did not match their wealth!
The Times published his will:
"MR. H. A. BRASSEY'S WILL. Probate duty has been paid on £1,042,611 0s 8d as the net value (thegross being £1, 075,913 15s 7d) of the personal estate of Mr HENRY ARTHUR BRASSEY, of Preston Hall, Ashford (sic), Kent, and Bath-house, Piccadilly, who died on the 13th of May last, aged 51 years, and of whose will, dated the 10th of August, 1883, with a codicil made the 20th of July 1887, the executors are his brothers, Thomas first Lord Brassey, of Bulkely, Chester, Mr Albert Brassey, of Heythrop, Oxford, and Mr Robert Mitchell Campbell, of Glaisnock, Old Cumnock. The testator bequeaths to his wife during her widow-hood an annuity (including the income provided for by her marriage settlement) of £8,000 and the use and enjoyment of the testator's town house and its furniture and of plate to the value of £1,000. In the event of Mrs Brassey's remarriage her annuity is to be reduced to £2,000 for the remainder of her life.
Mr. Brassey leaves in trust for each of his daughters £50,000. He bequeaths to the Bishop's of London's Fund and the Fever Hospital, Liverpool road, Islington, £1,000 each; to the Great Ormand Street Hospital for Sick Children, St. George's Hospital, the Royal Hospital for Incurables, the British Lying-in Hospital, Endell street, the Lock Hospital, the Royal National Hospital for Consumption, Ventnor, the Hospital for Consumption, Brompton, and the Infant Orphan Asylum at Wanstead, £500 each.
To the West Kent General Hospital the testator bequeaths £1,000 and to the Kent County Ophthalmic Hospital, the Royal Albert Orphan Asylum, Bagshot, the Academy for the Blind, the Central London Hospital for Diseases of the Throat and Ear. The Metropolitan Convalescent Institution , Walton on Thames, and the Orphan Working School, Haverstock hill, £500 each.
Mr Brassey bequeaths also £500 to the National Refuges for Homeless and Destitute Children, Great Queen Street to be primarily applied in aid of maintaining the boys in and upon and in keeping up the training ships Chichester and Arethusa. He devises the Preston hall estate to the use of his first son in priority, and all the contents of the hall to the use of the tenant for life of that estate."
I totally disagree with the above description. The monument is amazing. Fantastic attention to detail. Not sure who the sculptor was all I can see is C A W WILKE S ?? London 1877
HENRY BRASSEY MONUMENT, 1891
"The Lord Watch Between Me and Thee,
When We are Absent One from Another"
TO THE GLORY OF GOD
AND IN LOVING MEMORY OF
HENRY ARTHUR BRASSEY
OF PRESTON HALL
1840 – 1891
AND OF HIS WIFE ANNA HARRIET
1844 – 1898
Henry Brassey, died 1891. "The Good Squire of Aylesford." Lived at Preston Hall, the 2nd son of Thomas Brassey, a leading Railway Contractor. Educated at Harrow and University College, Oxford. J.P. for Kent. Liberal Unionist M. P. for Sandwich 1868 – 1885. High Sheriff of Kent 1890 – 91. Captain of West Kent (Queen's Own) Yeomanry Cavalry.
Prize winning Cattle Breeder. He died of pneumonia, following the influenza epidemic of 1891. His Pall Bearers were some of his oldest workmen; Guard of Honour from the R. W. K. Y. C. Very large number of mourners attended funeral, a special train was laid on from Charing Cross.
The monument is rather disappointing and commonplace, it is a pity that the Brassys' taste did not match their wealth!
The Times published his will:
"MR. H. A. BRASSEY'S WILL. Probate duty has been paid on £1,042,611 0s 8d as the net value (thegross being £1, 075,913 15s 7d) of the personal estate of Mr HENRY ARTHUR BRASSEY, of Preston Hall, Ashford (sic), Kent, and Bath-house, Piccadilly, who died on the 13th of May last, aged 51 years, and of whose will, dated the 10th of August, 1883, with a codicil made the 20th of July 1887, the executors are his brothers, Thomas first Lord Brassey, of Bulkely, Chester, Mr Albert Brassey, of Heythrop, Oxford, and Mr Robert Mitchell Campbell, of Glaisnock, Old Cumnock. The testator bequeaths to his wife during her widow-hood an annuity (including the income provided for by her marriage settlement) of £8,000 and the use and enjoyment of the testator's town house and its furniture and of plate to the value of £1,000. In the event of Mrs Brassey's remarriage her annuity is to be reduced to £2,000 for the remainder of her life.
Mr. Brassey leaves in trust for each of his daughters £50,000. He bequeaths to the Bishop's of London's Fund and the Fever Hospital, Liverpool road, Islington, £1,000 each; to the Great Ormand Street Hospital for Sick Children, St. George's Hospital, the Royal Hospital for Incurables, the British Lying-in Hospital, Endell street, the Lock Hospital, the Royal National Hospital for Consumption, Ventnor, the Hospital for Consumption, Brompton, and the Infant Orphan Asylum at Wanstead, £500 each.
To the West Kent General Hospital the testator bequeaths £1,000 and to the Kent County Ophthalmic Hospital, the Royal Albert Orphan Asylum, Bagshot, the Academy for the Blind, the Central London Hospital for Diseases of the Throat and Ear. The Metropolitan Convalescent Institution , Walton on Thames, and the Orphan Working School, Haverstock hill, £500 each.
Mr Brassey bequeaths also £500 to the National Refuges for Homeless and Destitute Children, Great Queen Street to be primarily applied in aid of maintaining the boys in and upon and in keeping up the training ships Chichester and Arethusa. He devises the Preston hall estate to the use of his first son in priority, and all the contents of the hall to the use of the tenant for life of that estate."
The old upright shaft and great spur wheel from Reed Mill, Kingston in Kent lay outside the front of the Windmill Museum on Wimbledon Common.
In 1799 John Watney applied to the Manor Court to enclose a piece of land on Wimbledon Common for the purpose of erecting a windmill. John Watney died before construction started and in 1816 a new application was made by a Roehampton carpenter, Charles March. A 99 year lease was granted for a small plot of land on Wimbledon Common, at an annual rent of two shillings, 'upon this special condition that he shall erect and keep up a public Corn Mill for the advantage and convenience of the neighbourhood'.
With Charles March being a carpenter this probably accounts for the unusual construction of the mill, which originally had a single-storey octagonal brick base together with a second storey constructed of wood which housed all the working machinery. Above this was a conical tower which held the post supporting the cap on which the sails were mounted.
In 1864 5th Earl Spencer, Lord of the Manor, announced his intention to enclose Wimbledon Common and build himself a new manor house on the site of the mill. A six year legal battle by local opposition followed and was resolved by the common being handed over to the local community, with maintenance and an annuity to be paid to the Spencer family. The mill was subsequently converted into living accommodation.
Major restoration work took place in 1893 with a number of changes being made to the structure. The mill continued to be used as accommodation, latterly for the Commons Rangers, until 1975, when further repairs were carried out and the first floor was converted into a museum.
Cette église est dédiée à saint Maur (patron des charbonniers) et fut édifiée entre le XIVe et le XVIe siècle.
Sa construction, sur les ruines d’une 1re église, débuta en 1301, par les habitants qui louent les services d’architectes et de maîtres artisans de tous métiers. Tous mettent la main à la pâte y compris les enfants. Des impôts spéciaux avec dons d’argent, en biens immobiliers, en rentes ont aidé à financer les travaux. On compte 88 gros legs sans compter la multitude de prestations et de journées de travail fournies par les petits gens tant la Foi était grande à cette époque. L’église fut ouverte au culte 43 ans après le début de sa construction et subira de nombreuses transformations.
A l’entrée se situe un tympan remarquable qui lui date de l’église primitive ; tympan sculpté qui date de la seconde moitié du XIIe. Il représente la seconde Parousie du Christ (apparition du Christ) juste avant le Jugement Dernier dont l’imminence relève de la présence de 2 anges sonnant de la trompette et par les ressuscités qui soulèvent le couvercle de leur tombeau.
Une fois le tympan franchi, s’ouvre la nef centrale gothique avec une distribution de 4 chapelles dédiées à gauche et à droite ; cet ensemble très coloré entièrement rénové à l’identique.
This church is dedicated to Saint Maur (patron saint of charcoal burners) and was built between the 14th and 16th centuries.
Its construction, on the ruins of a first church, began in 1301, by the inhabitants who hired the services of architects and master craftsmen of all trades. Everyone pitches in, including the children. Special taxes with donations of money, real estate, annuities helped finance the work. There are 88 large legacies without counting the multitude of services and days of work provided by the little people so great was the Faith at that time. The church was opened for worship 43 years after the start of its construction and will undergo many transformations.
At the entrance is a remarkable tympanum which dates from the primitive church; sculpted tympanum dating from the second half of the 12th century. It represents the second Parousia of Christ (appearance of Christ) just before the Last Judgment, the imminence of which is due to the presence of 2 angels sounding the trumpet and by the resurrected who lift the lid of their tomb.
Once the tympanum is crossed, the Gothic central nave opens with a distribution of 4 dedicated chapels on the left and on the right; this very colorful set completely renovated identically.
North Chapel. Large Baroque Monument Reaching from Floor to Ceiling,
On a scale more fitting for Westminster Abbey! Probably by John Nost. Central Pedestal, surmounted by an Urn,Drapes held up by two Putti. Sir John Banks stands on the left , bewigged in a semi Roman costume, a pensive Lady Banks, opposite him, and son, Caleb lying between them, propped up on a cushion, also bewigged and in Roman costume.
THE BANKS MONUMENT IN THE NORTH CHAPEL, 1700
MEMORIAE SACRUM
HINC FELICEM EXPECTANT RESURRECTIOREM
JOHANNES BANKS DE AYLESFORD IN COMITATU CANTII BARONETT
UXOR ETIAM EJUS ELIZABETHA, JOHANNIS DETHICK MILITIS
COMITATU NORFOLCIAE OBIN PRAETORIS LONDINENSIS FILIA
NECON FILIUS UTRIUS QUE COMMUNIS CALEB BANKS
MARITUS QUIDEM SED LIBERIS ORBATUS
HIC PRAETEREA NATI SUNT LIBERI QUATUAR
MARTHA,ELIZABETHA ET MARIAM, MARTHA ET JOHANNES EXTINCTUS
QUORUM ALTERA NEMPE ELIZABETHA NUPTA FUIT
HENEAGIO FINCH, HENEAGII COMITIS NOTTINGHAMIAE
SUMUA ANGLIAE CONCELARII FILIO NATU SECUNDO
AUS PICIIS SERENISSIMAE REGINAE ANNAE BARONI DE GERNSEY
MARIA VERO JOHANI SAVILL, JOHANNIS DE METHLEY
IN COMITATU EBORACENSI ARMIGERI FILIO PRIMOGENITO
EXUVIAS DEPOSUERUNT
CALEB BANKS SEPBRIS 13 ANO 1696 AETATIS 37
ELIZABETHA OCTBRIS 21 ANO 1696 AETATUS 59
JOHANNES OCTBRIS 18 ANO 1699 AETATIS 72
Sir John Banks, Baronet, died 1699, born in Maidstone 1627, the son of a prosperous Woollen Draper and former Mayor, he was a Merchant and Financier, he was also a Member of Parliament.
1644 He entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
1652 Was part of a business supplying the Navy. This activity brought him into contact with Samuel Pepys, who became a friend.
1654 Married Elizabeth Dethick, daughter of John Dethick, a wealthy London Merchant, who was Lord Mayor in 1655, and knighted by Cromwell in 1656. Soon after, Banks became involved in the East India Company and the Levant Company.
1654 – 59 M. P. for Maidstone
1662 Made a Baronet by Charles 11
In the 1660's Banks prospered supplying the Navy, particularly during the Anglo – Dutch wars.
1668 Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society
1669 Became a Director of the East India Company, and was Governor of the Company in 1672 – 4, and in 1683. He was also involved in the Royal African Company, of which he was a deputy Governor in 1674 – 6.
1670's bought a large, new house in Lincoln's Inn Fields, and carried out much rebuilding on Aylesford Friary, which he had bought earlier.
1679 – 1690 M. P. for Rochester
1690 – 1694 M. P. for Queenborough
1695 – 1698 M. P. for Maidstone.
Banks seemed very skilled at smoothly adjusting to changing political fortunes, from Republic to Restoration and the changes after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, lending money regardless of political colour.
His income during the latter part of his life was about £5,000 per annum; his estate was worth about £180,000. He was the first and last Baronet. Most of his wealth passed to daughter Elizabeth and her husband Heneage Finch, who became the first Earl of Aylesford in 1714.
Sir John Banks long P.C.C. Will is dated 22nd November 1697
There is an Indenture, dated 22nd June 1680, between John Banks of the 1st part, Henry Thornhill of the 2nd part, John Knatchbull and Edward Rudge of the 3rd part, concerning his real and personal estate, the Rectory and Parsonage of Northfleet, the glebeland, houses, barns, buildings and tithes of the said Rectory, purchased from Sir John Sydley of St. Cleere, this property to his cousin John Banks for life.
His Mansion in Aylesford (Friars) and lands called Great Buckland, North Buckland, and properties in Westbere in Maidstone, Hartlip, Burham. Bredhurst, Mears Court, and properties in Aylesford, Ditton, Newhithe, Burham, Maidstone, Boxley, Detling, Bearsted, Rainham, Bredhurst, Borden, Newington, Bobbing, Milton , Rodmersham, Kingsdown, Milsted, Newenden, Hunton, Linton, Farleigh, Marden, Headcorn, , and 2 houses called Homeplace and Ouldhouse, with land in Minster and Borough of Ossenden in Kent, houses and land in Iwade, and other land and property on the Isle of Sheppey; including those held on lease from the Hospital of St. Katherine; also the Advowson of the Rectory of Ditton and fee farm rents, all this to daughter Elizabeth and her husband Heneage Finch, for ever; in default of heirs, then to to his daughter Mary and her husband John Savile, in default of heirs, to his "own right heirs".
If Elizabeth dies in Banks lifetime, above to Heneage Finch, for life, after Finch dies to Elizabeth's children in specified order. If Mary dies as above, then legacy passes in same manner.
The Fleet and Fishery at Newenden, held on lease from the Crown, to daughter and son in law Elizabeth and John, also leaseholds held of Dean and Chapter of Rochester, at Marden. Out of latter an annuities of £300 to daughter Elizabeth,
and £100 to cousin John Banks, £10 to cousin Mary Hunt, to cousin Elizabeth Bishopp, £10 to cousin Stephen Grigby, £10 to cousin Thomas Grigby, £10 to Samuel Read, £10 to Rebecca Mee.
His house in Lincoln s Inn Fields, and properties in the Isle of Thanet, in New and Old Romney, Lydd and elsewhere in Romney Marsh; his farm rents in Essex, Stafford and Derby to the Saviles, same terms as earlier legacy.
Live and dead stock to the Finches and Saviles.
Personal estate, in Aylesford house to the Finches, in Lincolns Inn Fields to the Saviles.
East India stock, silver plate, money, debts shared equally between Finches and Saviles.
Property in Hinxhill, former inheritance of uncle John Banks, father of cousin John, to the Finches and Saviles, equally.
His executors are to build 6 houses near his mansion in Maidstone for 6 poor parishioners of Maidstone. Each to have ground room with chimney, and a "little buttery", and one upper room with chimney, also a small individual plot behind each house. The cost from personal estate; also £60 per annum towards maintenance of the poor people and repairs, equally dived among the 6. Residents who are not "orderly and sober" can be removed; the Saviles are to make rules and give preference to his former servants.
Lands in Isle of Thanet, leased from Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, and from Queen's College, Cambridge,to cousins, John Rudge and Samuel Read, in trust, rents to be distributed as Mary Savile directs. If Mary dies in Banks lifetime then to John Savile, for life; after he dies to his 1st son to reach 21 years, if no son then to daughter.
Desires to be buried at Aylesford, with wife, son and other children. If he does not make vault in his lifetime in chancel, where wife and son are buried, executors to make one on same ground and lay him with his wife and children, and repair that end of chancel, if needed for the security of the vault. Executors to put up monument, cost not to exceed £400.
To his sister -------- ? £50. To late servant, James Sherbourne and to each servant in family at time of his death, £50.
£50 to put out apprentice 6 poor children living in Aylesford. £40 paid to Mayor of Maidstone to distribute to poor of the town.
The Manor of Rushenden and land near Queenborough, on lease from St. Katherine's Hospital, to the Finches, they to keep lease going for their eldest son, then to his male issue.
Land and property in Bonnington near Romney Marsh to the Saviles, same condition as above.
Land in Isle of Sheppey called South Marsh to the Finches.
Finches and Saviles are joint executors.
Witnesses: Richard Hoare, John Lily and Henry Hoare
Codicil dated 7th October 1699
To the Finches Manor of Wormseale? in parishes of Bobbing and Newington, purchased from Henry Eve, and land in Maidstone, purchased from Thomas Selby.
To the Saviles all land in Romney Marsh near Lydd, purchased from -------- Lee.
Witnesses: John Rudge, James Sherbourne and Martin Tomkins
Proved 11th December 1699
Vicars' Close, in Wells, Somerset.
Vicars' Close is claimed to be the oldest purely residential street with original buildings surviving intact in Europe. John Julius Norwich calls it "that rarest of survivals, a planned street of the mid-14th century". It comprises numerous Grade I listed buildings, comprising 27 residences (originally 44), built for Bishop Ralph of Shrewsbury, a chapel and library at the north end, and a hall at the south end, over an arched gate. It is connected at its southern end to the cathedral by way of a walkway over Chain Gate.
The Close is about 460 feet (140 m) long, and paved with setts. Its width is tapered by 10 feet (3.0 m) to make it look longer when viewed from the main entrance nearest the cathedral. When viewed from the other end it looks shorter. By the nineteenth century the buildings were reported to be in a poor state of repair, and part of the hall was being used as a malt house. Repairs have since been carried out including the construction of Shrewsbury House to replace buildings damaged in a fire.
The Vicars' Hall was completed in 1348 and included a communal dining room, administrative offices and treasury of the Vicars Choral. The houses on either side of the close were built in the 14th and early 15th centuries. Since then alterations have been made including a unified roof, front gardens and raised chimneys. The final part of the construction of the close was during the 1420s when the Vicars' Chapel and Library was constructed on the wall of the Liberty of St Andrew. The south face includes shields commemorating the bishops of the time. The interior is decorated with 19th century gesso work by Heywood Sumner and the building now used by Wells Cathedral School.
The Close owes its origins to a grant of land and buildings by Walter de Hulle, a canon of Wells Cathedral, for the purpose of accommodating chantry priests; however the land is likely to have been used for a long period before the construction of the close, as prehistoric flint flakes and Romano-British pottery shards were recovered from the garden of number four during work to construct an extension.
Bishop Jocelin styled the priests serving the cathedral as the Vicars Choral, in the 12th century, their duty being to chant divine service eight times a day. Previously they had lived throughout the town, and Bishop Ralph resolved to incorporate them and provide subsistence for the future. The Vicars Choral were assigned annuities from his lands and tenements in Congresbury and Wookey, an annual fee from the vicarage of Chew, and endowed them with lands obtained from the Feoffees of Walter de Hulle. The residences he built became known as the College, or Close of the Vicars.
The Treasury Hotel was built in 1887 - 1888, replacing an earlier hotel, the Dunmore Arms (1865).
In 1885 James Hunter took a 25 year lease from William Cribb on several adjoining allotments on the corner of George and Elizabeth Streets from William Cribb.
Hunter planned a major commercial development on the site, and in 1886 erected office buildings with Treasury Chambers fronting George St and Francis House on Elizabeth Street. The choice of location was astute, for the new Treasury Building opposite was being erected and enhanced the prestige of the area. Financial problems prevented Hunter from completing the project and in 1887 he sub-let the Dunmore Arms site to well-known Brisbane publican, Denis O'Connor.
O'Connor engaged architects John Hall & Son to design a new hotel for the site. The contractor was Abraham James and the contract sum £3,999. Borrowing its name from the partially-finished new government offices opposite, the hotel offered 'tastefully furnished and decorated' accommodation to 'Families and Commercial Gentlemen'. In May 1889 O'Connor transferred his sub-lease to George Back Cutbush who remained the lessee until 1910. In 1906 William Cribb donated both allotments 18 & 19 to the YMCA in return for an annuity of £400. Over the next few years the YMCA sold most of this property and the new owner of the Treasury Hotel in 1908 was William Denis O'Connor. The hotel remained linked with the O'Connor family till the late 1950s.
During the late 1880's the Treasury Hotel was one of a large number of hotels in the city. In 1889 there were 9 hotels in George Street. The Treasury Hotel and the Transcontinental Hotel are the only George Street buildings from this period that remain in use as hotels.
Source: Queensland Heritage Register.
This peasant couple are my ancestors on my father's side. These are the only two photos of them I have.
Tragically, they were affixed to an official document attesting to their right to an annuity following the death of their only son, who "died for France" in 1917.
It's easier to undestand their expression of profound sadness...
* * *
Ce couple de paysans sont mes ancêtres du côte paternel. Ce sont les deux seules photos d'eux dont je dispose.
Détail tragiques, elles étaient apposées sur un document officiel attestant de leur droit à une rente, suite au décès de leur fils unique, "Mort pour la France” en 1917.
On comprend mieux, sur ce cliché, leur air de profonde tristesse…
A medieval tower house which once stood on the site was, in 1415, held by Sir John Heron. This was destroyed by a Scottish army in 1496 commanded by James IV of Scotland and Perkin Warbeck. James IV returned on 24 August 1513 on his way to besiege Norham Castle, and held a council or parliament at "Twesil" or "Twesilhaugh."
The estate was sold by the Herons circa 1520 to a member of the Selby family. A survey in 1561 reported only the remnants of a tower house and a barmkin. John Selby seems to have repaired the buildings, and an inventory was made of the furnishings on his death in 1595 mentioning a new chamber, a gallery, and chambers in the tower.[2] Of the medieval structure, blocked windows, a chamfered doorway and the original north-east angle quoins are all that remains visible now.
In 1685 Sir Francis Blake (d. 1718) purchased the estate from the widow Selby for £1,944, plus an annuity of £100, and the Blake family lived on the estate until 1738 when they moved to nearby Tillmouth Hall.
From about 1770, Sir Francis Blake (d. 1780) worked on the recreation of the castle as a Gothic Revival mansion, designed by architect James Nesbit of Kelso to be five levels tall. Despite some forty years of work, the project was never completed. When in 1882, the Blakes built a new mansion at Tillmouth Park much of the incomplete Twizell Castle was demolished and the stone used in the new construction. The house is now a two-story folly. Rectangular in plan, with circular towers on the angles and two wings on the north side, the basement rooms in the main block are stone and brick-vaulted as a precaution against fire. from Wikipedia
Lit with the drone
Vicars' Close, in Wells, Somerset.
Vicars' Close is claimed to be the oldest purely residential street with original buildings surviving intact in Europe. John Julius Norwich calls it "that rarest of survivals, a planned street of the mid-14th century". It comprises numerous Grade I listed buildings, comprising 27 residences (originally 44), built for Bishop Ralph of Shrewsbury, a chapel and library at the north end, and a hall at the south end, over an arched gate. It is connected at its southern end to the cathedral by way of a walkway over Chain Gate.
The Close is about 460 feet (140 m) long, and paved with setts. Its width is tapered by 10 feet (3.0 m) to make it look longer when viewed from the main entrance nearest the cathedral. When viewed from the other end it looks shorter. By the nineteenth century the buildings were reported to be in a poor state of repair, and part of the hall was being used as a malt house. Repairs have since been carried out including the construction of Shrewsbury House to replace buildings damaged in a fire.
The Vicars' Hall was completed in 1348 and included a communal dining room, administrative offices and treasury of the Vicars Choral. The houses on either side of the close were built in the 14th and early 15th centuries. Since then alterations have been made including a unified roof, front gardens and raised chimneys. The final part of the construction of the close was during the 1420s when the Vicars' Chapel and Library was constructed on the wall of the Liberty of St Andrew. The south face includes shields commemorating the bishops of the time. The interior is decorated with 19th century gesso work by Heywood Sumner and the building now used by Wells Cathedral School.
The Close owes its origins to a grant of land and buildings by Walter de Hulle, a canon of Wells Cathedral, for the purpose of accommodating chantry priests; however the land is likely to have been used for a long period before the construction of the close, as prehistoric flint flakes and Romano-British pottery shards were recovered from the garden of number four during work to construct an extension.
Bishop Jocelin styled the priests serving the cathedral as the Vicars Choral, in the 12th century, their duty being to chant divine service eight times a day. Previously they had lived throughout the town, and Bishop Ralph resolved to incorporate them and provide subsistence for the future. The Vicars Choral were assigned annuities from his lands and tenements in Congresbury and Wookey, an annual fee from the vicarage of Chew, and endowed them with lands obtained from the Feoffees of Walter de Hulle. The residences he built became known as the College, or Close of the Vicars.
The Grade I Listed The Vicars' Chapel at the end of Vicars' Close, in Wells, Somerset.
Now used as a school room it was built as a Private chapel between 1424-1430 for Bishop Bubwith or Bishop Stafford. It contains some 13th Century carved detail incorporated on S front. Local stone rubble, with Chilcote stone ashlar facade and dressings, Welsh slate roof behind crenellated parapet, between coped gables, ashlar chimney stack.
Vicars' Close is claimed to be the oldest purely residential street with original buildings surviving intact in Europe. John Julius Norwich calls it "that rarest of survivals, a planned street of the mid-14th century". It comprises numerous Grade I listed buildings, comprising 27 residences (originally 44), built for Bishop Ralph of Shrewsbury, a chapel and library at the north end, and a hall at the south end, over an arched gate. It is connected at its southern end to the cathedral by way of a walkway over Chain Gate.
The Close is about 460 feet (140 m) long, and paved with setts. Its width is tapered by 10 feet (3.0 m) to make it look longer when viewed from the main entrance nearest the cathedral. When viewed from the other end it looks shorter. By the nineteenth century the buildings were reported to be in a poor state of repair, and part of the hall was being used as a malt house. Repairs have since been carried out including the construction of Shrewsbury House to replace buildings damaged in a fire.
The Vicars' Hall was completed in 1348 and included a communal dining room, administrative offices and treasury of the Vicars Choral. The houses on either side of the close were built in the 14th and early 15th centuries. Since then alterations have been made including a unified roof, front gardens and raised chimneys. The final part of the construction of the close was during the 1420s when the Vicars' Chapel and Library was constructed on the wall of the Liberty of St Andrew. The south face includes shields commemorating the bishops of the time. The interior is decorated with 19th century gesso work by Heywood Sumner and the building now used by Wells Cathedral School.
The Close owes its origins to a grant of land and buildings by Walter de Hulle, a canon of Wells Cathedral, for the purpose of accommodating chantry priests; however the land is likely to have been used for a long period before the construction of the close, as prehistoric flint flakes and Romano-British pottery shards were recovered from the garden of number four during work to construct an extension.
Bishop Jocelin styled the priests serving the cathedral as the Vicars Choral, in the 12th century, their duty being to chant divine service eight times a day. Previously they had lived throughout the town, and Bishop Ralph resolved to incorporate them and provide subsistence for the future. The Vicars Choral were assigned annuities from his lands and tenements in Congresbury and Wookey, an annual fee from the vicarage of Chew, and endowed them with lands obtained from the Feoffees of Walter de Hulle. The residences he built became known as the College, or Close of the Vicars.
Wallington is a country house and gardens located about 12 miles (19 km) west of Morpeth, Northumberland, England, near the village of Cambo. It has been owned by the National Trust since 1942, after it was donated complete with the estate and farms by Sir Charles Philips Trevelyan, the first donation of its kind. It is a Grade I listed building. Some of the wealth of the Trevelyan family derived from the holding of slaves in Grenada.
The estate was owned by the Fenwick family from 1475 until Sir John Fenwick, 3rd Baronet had financial problems and opted to sell his properties to the Blacketts in 1688. He sold the rump of the family estates and Wallington Hall to Sir William Blackett for £4000 and an annuity of £2000 a year. The annuity was to be paid for his lifetime and that of his wife, Mary Fenwick. Blackett was happy with the deal as he discovered lead on the land and he became rich.
The hall house was rebuilt, demolishing the ancient pele tower, although the cellars of the early medieval house remain. The house was substantially rebuilt again, in Palladian style, for Sir Walter Blackett by architect Daniel Garret, before passing to the Trevelyan family in 1777.
After Pauline Jermyn married the naturalist Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, they began hosting literary and scientific figures at the Hall. As a cultural centre, Wallington visitors included members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.
Sir Charles Philips Trevelyan inherited the property from his father, Sir George Otto Trevelyan, in 1928. He was a leading member of Liberal and Labour governments in the late 1920s. Charles was married to "Molly", Lady Mary Trevelyan.
The house is set in 100 acres (40 ha) of rolling parkland, which includes a wooded dene (valley), ornamental lakes, lawns, and a recently refurbished walled garden.
The ceilings in the dining and drawing rooms are decorated in the rococo style by the Italian artist, Pietro Lafranchini . Attractions inside the house include the desk where Thomas Babington Macaulay, brother-in-law of Sir Charles Trevelyan, wrote his History of England, a large collection of antique dollshouses, and eight murals in the central hall depicting the history of Northumberland, painted by William Bell Scott.
The National Trust also own the estate of which the house is a part; the produce from these farms, as well as others in the region, was sold in a farm shop on site. The farm shop closed in 2012.
This is Mrs Flynn with her children. Photo taken at Leperstown, near Dunmore East, Co. Waterford.
8th June 2017, seanmac999 Sean McGowan, Tells us that the young girl sitting on the right is his Mother Mary Flynn, he also gives some good background on the circumstances of the family at the time as follows:
I recognise this photo, my mother is the child sitting bottom right!! Background is the local farmers refused to pay the De Valera government the rates previously paid as annuities to the UK due to the hardship imposed by the Economic War. Result was 9 local farmers were detained in Mountjoy on conspiracy charges before a Military Tribunal. Local farmers rallied around to harvest corn and dig potatoes for the imprisoned colleagues before their eventual release in October. Mrs Flynn had the next child in April 1934 so was in the early stages only!!
Mother is Bridget Flynn, Francis standing on left, Philomena standing to right, Norbert sitting left and Mary Flynn (my mother) sitting on right (some head of hair - have a photo of my daughter as a small girl with the same hairstyle). Margaret is the child in Bridget's arms.
Mary would have been 4 years old and it is interesting to see the hob-nailed boots on a child that age.
Date: 21 September 1933
NLI Ref.: POOLEWP 4003
Vicars' Close, Wells, Somerset, England
Just playing with a new toy which Santa kindly dropped off on Sunday. This is Vicars' Close in Wells with Wells Cathedral in the background
Info below from Wikipedia:-
Vicars' Close, in Wells, Somerset, England is claimed to be the oldest purely residential street with its original buildings all surviving intact in Europe. John Julius Norwich calls it "that rarest of survivals, a planned street of the mid-14th century". It comprises numerous Grade 1 listed buildings, comprising 27 residences (originally 44), built for Bishop Ralph of Shrewsbury, a chapel and library at the north end, and a hall at the south end, over an arched gate. It is connected at its southern end to the cathedral by way of a walkway over Chain Gate.
The Close is about 460 ft (140 m) long, and paved with setts. Its width is tapered by 10 ft (3 m) to make it look longer when viewed from the main entrance nearest the cathedral. When viewed from the other end it looks shorter.
By the nineteenth century the buildings were reported to be in a poor state of repair, and part of the hall was being used as a malthouse.
The Close owes its origins to a grant of land and buildings by Walter de Hulle, a canon of the cathedral, for the purpose of accommodating thirteen chantry priests. Bishop Jocelin styled these priests the Vicars Choral, their duty being to chant divine service eight times a day. Previously they had lived throughout the town, and Bishop Ralph resolved to incorporate them and provide subsistence for the future. The Vicars Choral were assigned annuities from his lands and tenements in Congresbury and Wookey, an annual fee from the vicarage of Chew, and endowed them with lands obtained from the Feoffees of Walter de Hulle. The residences he built became known as the College, or Close of the Vicars.
The first part of the Close to be constructed were a first floor barrel-roofed common hall and store room below, kitchen and bakehouse which were completed in 1348. Chain Gate was abutted to it in 1459 by Thomas Beckington. This included a gallery over the gate into the cathedral for the vicars' convenience. The entrance arch into the close is divided into a pedestrian gate and a waggon gate, and has a lierne vault ceiling.
The chapel was built c1424-1430 at the north end of the close against the northern boundary wall of the Liberty. The lower floor was a chapel, and a spiral stair lead up to the library. It is now used by Wells Cathedral School.
The residences originally comprised a ground floor hall of approximately 20 ft x 13 ft (6 m x 4 m), and an upper floor of the same size. Both had a fireplace in the front wall. The date of some of the buildings is unclear but it is known that some had been built by 1363 and the rest were completed by 1412. From the 15th century onwards many alterations have been made, including extensions at the rear and knocking through walls to create larger dwellings. Following the Reformation when clerical marriage was permitted, larger households would have been required. In a charter of c.1582 Queen Elizabeth restricted the number of vicars to twenty.
In the fifteenth century, Bishop Thomas Beckington left much of his estate to the Vicars Choral, enabling repairs to be carried out. The chimney shafts were renewed. Each stack incorporates two heraldic shields and the upper sections of the stacks are octagonal. The shields are those of the Bishop, a beacon above tun, and the arms of his three executors; sugar loaves for Hugh Sugar, three swans for Richard Swan, and the talbot for John Pope.
No. 1 Vicars Close was once a larger property, but has since been divided and part is now No. 1 St. Andrew Street.
Shrewsbury House is architecturally different to all the other buildings. It was re-built in the 19th century after a fire that burnt down the original structure.
The gardens were not part of the original scheme. The garden walls were added in the 15th century.
In 2009, two large trees that grew in the front gardens of two residences were cut down because they obscured the view, and the roots were at risk of damaging the ancient buildings