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West Indian topshells (Cittarium pica) on intertidal rocks at Gurnet Head, Cooper's Island, St. George's Parish, Bermuda.
We were on a bird-watching trip organised by Andrew Dobson (currently President of the Audubon Society of Bermuda) to the end of Cooper's Island, to look for cahows (a globally rare bird, endemic to Bermuda). We didn't actually see any, but there was plenty of other interesting natural history. These marine snails are a successful reintroduction of a native species which had previously disappeared from Bermuda through over-exploitation for food.
There is a small limpet, to the R of the lowermost topshell. This is possibly the Barbados keyhole limpet (Fissurella barbadensis) as the habitat of this species is similar to that of the topshell.
Gurnet Head marks the beginning (northeastern end) of the South Shore of Bermuda (much of which actually faces SE). It lies within (Cooper's Island Nature Reserve), the conservation part of Cooper's Island National Park). Gurnet Head is in area 1 on the map of the Nature Reserve, at its southernmost point.
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WEST INDIAN TOPSHELL
Cittarium pica (Linnaeus, 1758)
This algal-grazing marine snail (gastropod) lives just above low-tide levels on rocky shores. It tends to become encrusted by coralline algae which obscure the striking black stripey pattern on the shell. These markings are a little clearer on the shell in the lowest part of the picture. Shells can grow up to 100 mm across or more, but those in this picture are only about 30-40 mm across. The species is native to the West Indies, Caribbean, Florida, and Bahamas, and Bermuda is its northernmost limit. The species is of historical interest for two reasons. Firstly it had long disappeared from Bermuda through over-exploitation for food, but was successfully reintroduced through a conservation programme starting in 1982. Secondly, it also occurs as fossils in the Pleistocene rocks of Bermuda, and provides important indications of Bermuda's geological, climatic and oceanographic history. It is now a legally-protected species in Bermuda and collection is forbidden, alive or dead. (Bermuda's hermit crabs are dependent on the natural supply of dead topshells and their population declined badly when the topshells disappeared from Bermuda.)
----- Olson, S.O & Hearty, P.J., 2013. Periodicity of extinction and recolonization of the West Indian topshell Cittarium pica in the Quaternary of Bermuda (Gastropoda: Trochoidea). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 110, 235–243.
----- Thomas, M.L.H. 2010. A naturalist's field guide to Bermuda. Bermuda Zoological Society Press. 392 pp. See p.350.
----- www.conservation.bm/west-indian-topshell
----- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cittarium_pica
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COOPER'S ISLAND
Huge man-made changes affected all this area during the 20th Century, through the construction of a US Air Base (KIndley), a US Naval Air Station, Bermuda's civil airport, and various installations including a NASA tracking station. Since the US forces left the base, a clean-up was carried out after some tricky negotiations. Apart from the civil airport and various residual buildings, the bases have now all gone. The lasting effect of all the military works was to make what were once separate islands (Cooper's Island, St. David's Island) into a single landmass. Following demolition of all the military installations, the whole area now includes the largest area of undeveloped land on Bermuda, the largest area of public parkland (Cooper's Island National Park) and the largest nature reserve (Cooper's Island Nature Reserve), the latter being committed to a major nature conservation and restoration programme.
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Photo
Darkroom Daze © Creative Commons.
If you would like to use or refer to this image, please attribute.
ID: DSC_7982
growing, algae, duckweed, bioreaction, clarification, hydroponic fertilizer, organic, fertilizer, deep water culture, raft, zooplankton, bioponica, algosolar, trough, pipes, vertical farming, sustainable, bioreactor, biofilter, clarifier, aquaculture, tilapia, guppies, crawfish, barramundi, red claw, spirulina, ebb and flow, deep water, nft, aquaponics, hydroponics, organic, fodder, fish feed,
The Bloomin Algae app allows users to submit photos of potentially toxic algae, allowing authorities to assess any risks. Download links available via www.ceh.ac.uk/news-and-media/news/bloomin-algae-new-app-h...
Não canso dos verdinhos, especialmente quando misturados ao cinza. O Algae é um "teal" acinzentado cremoso que, pelo que andei vendo, é muito parecido com outro verde lindo e famoso: o Dirty Sexy Money da Misa, sendo que este último é mais verde e mais acinzentado.
Sei que ele mudou de nome na nova coleção da Nyx, mas não sei qual deles corresponde a esse
A iluminação da foto dá a impressão de que a cor é mais alegre. Ao vivo ele é mais "tristinho".
Esmaltação tranquila, embora ele seja um pouco ralo, a segunda camada cobre perfeitamente.
Usei base Nail Envy + 2 camadas do esmalte + tc Ideal.
The media taking footage of the lawnmower powered by liquid fuel derived from the algae to bio-crude process.
The media taking footage of the lawnmower powered by liquid fuel derived from the algae to bio-crude process.
a layer of slimy algae drips slowly from one level of a fountain to the next.
copyright Rebecca Bauer 2015
This is a river.... looks good hey. Class 15F no 2914 crossing the Hex River at Rustenburg Plats during January 1994.
After a month, and after adding high powered actinic and metal halide lamps to our tank (plus a 12-LED blue "moonlight system), we finally got the desired algae bloom. The snails, hermit crabs, featherdusters and various anemones are thriving, and we have a good population of small buggy critters, also highly desired. The snails are laying eggs, the Aptasia are thriving (perhaps to our regret, later) and we've even got some broad leafed algae that looks very nice. The tank has cycled twice (nitrogen) and everything is staying in bounds - ammonia, nitrates, nitrites. Now for some patience...
I clipped the tank out of this image, annotated and color balanced it, you can see it here.
Since many of the blue green algae are using chlorophyll A and B I
can give them the same light wavelengths that I would give to a
plant. Here you can see my 20W LED pizza pan setup being used to try
and help the algae grow. Normally I would just put the algae outside
and not waste the electroncs, but it has been dark and stormy today.
Johnson Branch begins a long run through Middle Tennessee at this spring in the Rippavilla Plantation in Spring Hill, Tennessee