View allAll Photos Tagged alarm_systems
Gross weight - 18000 kg, colour - red, metallic, overall dimensions: length - 12 m, luggage section - 10 m3.
Engine: MAN D2876LOH20, power - 480 HP(358 kW), diesel, turbo, euro - 3.
Gearbox: tip-matic, automatic, gears - 12.
Axles: axles - 2, tyre size - 295/80 R=22.5, tyre condition - 30 %, brakes - disc.
Salon: DVD, kitchen, guide place, microwave oven, head rests, elbow rests, adjustable seats, WC, belts, coffee tables, powered sunroofs - 2, refrigerators - 2, microphones - 2, monitors - 2, coffee-machine, individual air cooling.
Cabine: sleeper, power steering, heater - Webasto, board computer, air conditioner, navigation, seat heater, mobile phone, radio: CD, CD-changer, mirror heater, cruise control (tempomat), tachograph, powered windows, powered mirrors, alarm system, central lock, speed-limiting device.
Fog lights, sun visor.
Brakes: ABS, engine brake, retarder.
Additional equipment: ASR, EDS, central lubrication, double pane windows.
In honor of National Engineers Week 2013 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Europe District employees present structural engineering, alternative energy and fire protection topics to Wiesbaden Middle School students Feb. 19-21 in Wiesbaden, Germany. Brit Rockafellow and James Hogenson, district fire protection engineers, presented to 8th grade science students on the concept of the Fire Triangle. They demonstrated the requirement of oxygen, heat and fuel to create a fire. They also explained their role in determining the proper interior finishes, fire alarm system and proper exiting when working on projects for USACE. The lessons provided a forum for volunteers to come into the school and expose the students to real-world applications of what they learn in the classroom as it relates to science, technology, engineering and math or STEM. (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers photo by Jennifer Aldridge)
An ominous thunderstorm slowly drifts by. So awesome indeed! This was around the outskirts of Firebaugh, CA. I was chasing this amazing thunderstorm that had formed all the way from near Los Banos. This was during my epic storm chase around the vast Central Valley this day, chasing severe thunderstorms that have developed in and around the vicinity… Conditions were perfect for storm development in the valley. Temps were in the mid 60’s and was a bit humid. It’s been a while since I’ve done a storm chase in the Central Valley. Places traveled included areas from Los Banos all the way down to Fresno, CA. Heavy rain, hail (the most intense I’ve seen in person), Midwest-like skies, and plentiful lightning were all observed this day. It was nice to finally be out in California’s version of the Great Plains once again! ‘Til next time, safe travels out there! (Outing taken place Sunday, March 12, 2023)
*Weather scenario: Multiple weather advisories were issued this day due to extreme weather. The ground zero for the strongest storms were to be in the counties of Merced and Madera, with the combination of a stronger upper-level jet, upslope lifting, or, orographic lift west of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, and acceptable low-level shear. Supercells were expected to form as a result, even some with tops over 25-30kft. Tornado warnings and severe thunderstorms have pounded the Central Valley along with hail and lightning. Emergency alerts were sent out on cellphones and broadcasted on TV early Sunday afternoon as a powerful storm made its way through the Central Valley… A tornado warning was issued for the 2nd time this weekend shortly after 3 o'clock for Merced and Madera County near Los Banos... Residents in Dos Palos got their attention with a tornado warning on their home alarm system. Hail the size of dimes and nickels was what residents across the valley were reporting. Weather chasers (myself included) were out in full force in capturing this weekend’s rare Midwest-like active weather pattern… Fun stuff!
DESCRIPTION:32.60m (107ft) Large Volume Sailing Yacht
DATE LAUNCHED:1991
LENGTH:32.60m (107ft)
BEAM:7.60m (24'11"ft)
DRAFT:3m (9'10"ft)
LOCATION:Auckland, New Zealand
BROKER:Clive Bennett
PRICE:USD 5 million
General Description:
Superyacht Eclipse: Eclipse is a 32.60m (107ft) large volume sailing yacht built by the Award winning Yard of Alloy Yachts in New Zealand and launched in 1991. This luxury vessel's sophisticated exterior design and engineering are by the renowned Dubois Naval Architects. With a recent major Refit the Yacht is presented in "as new" condition including new interior, new carbon Southern Spars mast, boom and much more. Additionally all technical areas have been either upgraded or refitted.
Eclipse is now ready for ‘sail away’ for worldwide cruising.
Price now Reduced as owner has recently launched a new Alloy Yachts vessel which also incorporates many of the ‘Eclipse’ features.
Accommodation
There is accommodation for Owner plus additional six guests in three cabins with ensuites. Owner’s stateroom has full width with queen size bed, seating area and en suite bathroom. Forward to port, cabin with double bed, settee and en suite bathroom. To starboard cabins with twin beds and en suite shower room. Forward of the engine room are the crew cabins with accommodation for four (or five) in one double cabin and one twin bunk cabin, each with en suite shower room. Crew mess area is also designed to convert into a single cabin with pipe cot.
Main Engine: MTU Model: 12V 183TA 61 HP: 600; KW: 447
Bow & Stern thrusters 70hp Richfields the Bow is telescopic and the stern is in a tunnel
Navigation:
Equipment including Autopilot: Simrad AP 50, Robinson control head and feedback system - New 2011
Compass/Gyro: Plastimo 150, Tokimel ES110 Gyro interfaced to all electronics - New 2011
GPS / plotter: Furuno WAAS Navigator DGPS 37, Magellan 3000 - New 2011
Radars: Furuno 96 Mile Black Box RADAR BB FAR 2117 New 2011
Furuno 48 Mile RADAR 1945 - New 2011
Displays: 2 x Planar 21.3 LCD with active Matrix, TFT, 1600 x 1200 High
Res Flat Screen Monitors - New 2011
Electronic Charts: Nobeltec Admiral 7.6 (Entire World Portfolio) with weather overlay, interfaced with comms systems and Fleet 77 New 2011 Log: B & G Super Halcyon System New - 2011
Depth sounder: B & G Super Halcyon System - New 2011
Wind speed + direction: B & G Super Halcyon System - New2011
Close-hauled and running: B & G Super Halcyon System - New 2011
Rudder indicator: VDO
Communication including:
Telephone: Panasonic Super Hybrid PABX, Telular SX4E GSM
VHF radio: Telephone:Simrad VHF RS87 (New 2011), 3x Icom handheld
SSB radio: telephone:Skanti TRP
Satcom:Sailor: / Thrane & Thrane FleetBroadBand 500 - New 2011
Sailor / Thrane & Thrane Imarsat C - New 2011
Computers: Advantech ARK-3390-1S6A1E with Transcend 2.5 Solid State Drive & LG Super Multi External DVD Rewriter - New 2011
Displays: 2 x Planar 21.3 LCD with active Matrix, TFT, 1600 x 1200 High
Res Flat Screen Monitors - New 2011
Alarm System: Custom Omron PLC alarm Monitoring System made for ECLIPSE
Mechanical Equipment:
Water Maker: Matrix Silver “A” 1000gpd
Air conditioning & heating: Marine Air with 2 compressors for all cabins
Electrical Equipment
Inverter: Lattronics 24v-110v
Batteries: 32 x 2V AGM, 4,000 amp hours
Battery charger:4 x Rectifier Technologies
Shore power:36KW A-SEA, 200-600V, 3phase Worldwide capability. A-SEA shore power electronics upgrade 2011.
Galley Equipment
Refrigerator: 2 x Hoshizaki
Freezer: 1 x Hoshizaki
Deep freezer:1 x Custom
Bottle cooler: 1 x Custom
Stove: Bosch 5 Burner Cooktop
Microwave: Kitchenaid
Oven:2 x Bosch
Dish washer: Miele
Washing machine: Miele
Dryer: Miele
Safety Equipment
Life raft: 2 x RFD 8 person
Life jackets: 12
Bilge alarm
Fire extinguishing system: Wormwald CO2 Automatic and Manual for engine room
Fire extinguishers: 8
EPIRB: ACR 406 Cospas RLB
Entertainment
TV: 1 x Sony 40 inch Flatscreen (Saloon) 1 x Sony 40 inch Flatscreen (Owners cabin) 2 x Sony 32inch Flatscreens (Guest cabins)
Audio/Video :
12 Terabyte iMuse Entertainment System with touch screen remotes, Space for 500 DVD’s and 2000 CD’s ,available to all cabins via RTI Technologies - Upgraded 2011
New Coastal 24 EURO Sat TV System.
Tenders & Toys
Tenders: 1 x 4.2m Zodiac RIB w/ 100hp Yamaha, 1 x 2.8m fold up Zodiax w/ 9hp Yamaha
Sailing dinghies: 2 x Laser dinghies
Diving gear: 6 tanks, masks and snorkels
4 x single man kayaks
2 x water skis
Additional facilities and upgrades:
2010/2011 Refit - major upgrades: New BSI Nitronic Standing Rigging complete including chain plate tangs and pins.
New OYS Stainless Steel Backstay and Boom Vang hydraulic rams.
New Reckmann Hydraulic Furl Motors on Genoa & Staysail including sail Foils. New Spectra and Dyneema Running Rigging complete.
New Aramid Running Backstays and 10 tonne Harken Flying check stay blocks.
New Doyle Stratis, Mainsail, Genoa & Staysail.
New Doyle Nylon, Black Gennaker. Complete Interior Paint in Mirotone.
Complete Headliner & lighting refurbishment.
New Teak panels on bulkheads with Madronna Burl and Silver Ash inlays / dado lines. New Teak and Silver Ash Sole through aft area steps and hallway.
New Carpets in Saloon and Cabins.
New Saloon & Cabin Sofa coverings.
New Saloon & Cabin soft furnishings.
New Sound Dampening acoustic tiles applied in bilges with full paint throughout.
ASEA Shore power upgrade.
New Marine Air Air-conditioning Chiller Plants and associated pumps and pipework. New Interior Air-conditioning Air-Handlers throughout entire vessel.
New Pilothouse Nav Station & Dash in Teak & Madronna Burl.
New Helm Station Monitor: ICP Electronics Inc. Industrial / Commercial 15 LCD DVI / VGA Flat Screen Monitor.
Furuno AIS FA-150 Universal AIS. Ericsson W35 GSM Quad Band. National WiFi LM124 Amplifier Brother Fax / Printer / Scanner MFC-685CW 2 x Pacific Micro Systems Data Multiplexas DM1210N 2 x Pacific Micro Systems Expanders DD20 Network Technologies Inc. 8 Port Video Matrix Switch Veemux. Adtran Netvanta 24 Port Ethernet Switch 1224 STR. Advantech ARK-3390-1S6A1E with Transcend 2.5 Solid State Drive & LG Super Multi External DVD Rewriter
**
Historically significant yacht, Alloy Yahts first yacht over 100'. With the first carbon-fibre mast and an efficient fully-battened mainsail, 32.6m Esprit featured the transfer of technology from America’s Cup design into the superyacht cruising domain.
Kane County Joint Swat Team At 2011 Chicagoland Emergency Vehicle Show
ONLY Emergency Services Departments are allowed to use my photos. All others must ask permission.
General Motors RPO...A to Z
A simple list of some common 60's codes. If you have any not on here, add them in a comment. Please check out www.canadianponcho.ca
A01 Body Glass - Tinted
A02 Windshield Glass - Tinted
A13 Power Door Locks
A16 Power Tailgate Release
A20 Custom Seat Belts (1964)
A20 Rear Quarter Glass Swingout
A31 Window Electric Control
A33 Tail Gate Window Electric Control
A37 Standard Seat Belts (1964)
A39 Front and Rear Seat Belts w/Retractors on Front Belts
A41 Front Seat Electric Control (4-way)
A42 Front Seat Electric Control (6-way)
A43 Six Way Manual Seat Adjuster
A44 Seat Adjuster
A46 Drivers Seat Electric Control (4-way Bucket Seat)
A47 Custom Deluxe Seat Belts
A48 seat belt delete
A49 Front Seat Belt (With Retractors) (Use with RPO A63)
A50 Seat Assy., Front Bucket, Formed
A51 Front Bucket Seat - Astro Type
A51 Sports Option (Canada prior to December 1966)
A52 Seat Assy., Bench
A53 Front Bench Seat - Astro Type
A62 Less Front Seat Belt
A63 Less Rear Seat Belt
A65 Front Bench Seat - Split Seat Belt
A66 Split Second Seat
A67 Folding Rear Seat
A68 Rear Seat Center Belt - Std.
A75 H.D. Front Seat - Low Profile Type
A76 H.D. Rear Seat
A81 Headrest - Astro Type Seat
A82 Headrest - Conventional Type Seat
A85 Deluxe Shoulder Harness
A90 Rear Compartment Lid Release Electric Control
A91 Rear Compartment Lid Release - Vacuum Control
A93 Vacuum Operated Door Lock
A96 Rear Compartment Lock
A99 Glove Compartment Lock
AG7 6-Way Power Seat *
AK1 Deluxe Seat Belts and Shoulder Harness
AL4 Front Bench Seat - Special Contour (Strato)
AL5 Rear Seat Center Belt - Deluxe
AN5 Lateral Restraint Seat
AN7 Front Bucket Seat -Swivel -Shell type
AQ2 Electric Seat Back Lock Release (1971)
AQ5 Electric Seat Back Lock Release (1970)
AS1 Shoulder Harness - Std. (1967 and later)
AS1 Standard Front Harness - (1970)
AS2 Headrest - Special Contour Type Seat (Strato)
AS4 Rear Seat Shoulder Harness - Deluxe (1968 and later)
AS5 Rear Seat Shoulder Harness - Std. (1968 and later)
AU1 Electric Door Lock
AU3 Electric Door Clock
AV3 Three Point Seat & Shldr Harness
B01 Heavy Duty Body - 1964-5
B02 Taxi Cab (Includes 3.07 Rear Axle)
B07 Police Car
B22 Door Panel Mouldings (n/c) (seen on 70 and 71 SS cars)
B30 Mat. Lug. Comp. Floor Cover
B32 Front Rubber Floor Mats (Protective)
B34 H.D. Front Floor Mats
B35 H.D. Rear Floor Mats
B37 Floor Mats Front & Rear
B39 Load Floor Carpet
B50 Foam Rubber Seat Cushion
B55 Deluxe Front Seat Cushion
B56 Wheel House Moldings
B70 Instrument Panel Pad
B79 Exterior Quarter SS 396/EXT ORN SS396 Exterior Ornamentation Rear End
B80 Roof Drip Molding
B81 Moulding-Body Side Delete
B84 Body Side Molding
B85 Belt Reveal Molding
B90 Door Window Frame Molding
B93 Door Edge Guards
B94 Ornamentation Package
B96 Rear Wheel Opening Molding
BX4 Body Side Molding - Upper
C05 Folding Top
C06 Folding Top Power Lift
C07 Auxiliary Top
C08 Exterior Soft Trim Roof Cover
C14 2-Speed W/S Wiper and Washer
C24 Special Windshield Wiper (Recessed)
C28 Dual Action Tailgate
C48 Less Heater
C49 Rear Window Electric Defogger
C50 Rear Window Defroster and Defogger
C51 Rear Window Air Deflector
C56 Upper Level Ventilation
C60 Air Conditioning - All Weather
C64 Air Conditioning
C75 Air Conditioning Automatic Temperature Control
CD2 Windshield Washer Fluid Level Monitor
CD3 Electro-Tip Windshield Wiper Control
CE1 Headlamp Washer
CF1 Folding Vinyl Sunroof-Manual
D10 Arm Rest Rear
D31 Inside Non-Glare Rear View Mirror
D33 Outside Rear View Mirror L.H. Remote Control
D34 Visor Vanity Mirror
D35 Outside Rear View Mirror
D55 Front Compartment Floor Console
D80 Auxiliary Panel and Valance
D88 SS Hood & Deck Lid Stripe
D91 Front End Paint Stripe
D96 Wide Paint Stripe - Side
D99 Special Two-Tone Paint Moulding
DX1 Front End and Hood Stripe
F40 Heavy Duty Front and Rear Suspension
F41 Special Performance - Front and Rear Suspension
F60 Heavy Front Spring
F62 Front Springs Computer selected
FR1 Front Spring L.H.
FR2 Front Spring R.H.
G31 Special Rear Spring
G32 Rear Springs computer selected
G33 Rear Spring L.H.
G34 Rear Spring R.H.
G66 Air Booster Rear Shock Absorber
G67 Rear Shock Absorber Level Control
G75 Rear Axle - 3.70 Ratio
G76 Rear Axle - 3.36 Ratio
G80 Rear Axle - Positraction
G81 Differential Carrier - Positraction
G84 Differential Carrier - 3.31 Ratio
G91 Differential Carrier - 3.08 Ratio
G92 Rear Axle - 3.08 Ratio
G93 Differential Carrier - 3.27 Ratio
G94 Rear Axle - 3.31 Ratio
G95 Differential Carrier - 3.55 Ratio
G96 Rear Axle - 3.55 Ratio
G97 Rear Axle - 2.37 Ratio
GS1 Rear Axle - 2.73 Ratio
GS3 Rear Axle - 3.73 Ratio
GS4 Differential Carrier - 3.70 Ratio Positraction
GS5 Differential Carrier - 4.11 Ratio
GS6 Differential Carrier - 4.56 Ratio Positraction
GS8 Rear Axle - 3.42 Ratio
GS9 Rear Axle - 3.73 Ratio
GT1 Rear Axle - 2.56 Ratio
GT2 Rear Axle - 2.29 Ratio
GT4 Rear Axle - 3.73 Ratio
GT5 Rear Axle - 4.10 Ratio
GT6 Rear Axle - 3.42 Ratio
GU8 Rear Axel 3.90 ratio
GV1 Differential Carrier - 2.73 Ratio Positraction
GV2 Differential Carrier - 3.08 Ratio
GV3 Differential Carrier - 3.08 Ratio
GV4 Differential Carrier - 3.36 Ratio
GV5 Differential Carrier - 3.55 Ratio
GV7 Differential Carrier - 3.55 Ratio
GV8 Differential Carrier - 4.11 Ratio
GW2 Rear Axle - 2.56 Ratio
GW3 Rear Axle - 2.56 Ratio
GW4 Rear Axle - 2.56 Ratio
GW5 Rear Axle - 2.73 Ratio
GW8 Rear Axle - 4.10 Ratio
GX1 Rear Axle - 3.07 Ratio
GX2 Rear Axle - 3.07 Ratio
GX5 Rear Axle - 3.08 Ratio
GX9 Rear Axle - 2.92 Ratio
GY2 Rear Axle - 3.31 Ratio
GY4 Rear Axle - 3.73 Ratio
GZ1 Rear Axle - 3.08 Ratio
GZ3 Rear Axle - 3.08 Ratio
GZ5 Rear Axle - 3.42 Ratio
GZ6 Rear Axle - 3.42 Ratio
H56 Wheel House Mouldings
H01 Rear Axle - 3.07 Ratio
H02 Rear Axel -3.55 Ratio
H05 Rear Axle - 3.73 Ratio
J50 Vacuum Power Brake
J52 Disc Brakes - Front
J55 Heavy Duty Brake
J56 Heavy Duty Brake
J61 Shoe and Drum Type Brake (Disc Brakes Deleted)
J65 Metallic Brake Facing
JL2 Power Disc Brake - Front
JL8 Disc Brake - Front and Rear
K02 Fan Drive
K05 Engine Block Heater
K19 Air Injection Reactor
K21 Engine Controlled Combustion System
K24 Closed Engine Positive Ventilation
K30 Speed and Cruise Control
K45 Air Cleaner - Oil Bath Type 1 Lb. Capacity
K46 Air Cleaner - Heavy Duty Pre-Cleaner
K47 Air Cleaner - Oil Bath Pre-Cleaner
K66 Transistor Ignition
K76 61 Amp. Generator - Delcotron
K79 42 Amp. Generator - Delcotron
K81 62 Amp. Generator - Delcotron
K84 Amp. Generator - Delcotron
K85 63 Amp. Generator - Delcotron
KD5 Heavy Duty Closed Position Ventilation
L08 Engine Emission Certification
L11 L-4 Engine - 170 Cu. In. (OHC Aluminum-2bbl)
L13 L-4 Engine - 140 Cu. In. (OHC Aluminum-1bbl)
L14 V8 Engine - 307 Cu. In.
L22 L-6 Engine - 250 Cu. In.
L26 L-6 Engine - 230 Cu. In.
L30 V8 Engine - 327 Cu. In.
L34 V8 Engine - 396 Cu. In. Hi-Perf. (350hp)
L35 V8 Engine - 396 Cu. In. (325hp)
L36 V8 Engine - 427 Cu. In. Hi-Perf.
L46 V8 Engine - 350 Cu. In.
L48 V8 Engine - 350 Cu. In.
L62 P-6 Engine - Hi-Perf.
L63 P-6 Engine - Spec. Hi-Perf.
L65 V8 Engine - 350 Cu. In. (2 Bbl. Carb.)
L66 V8 Engine - 396 Cu. In. (2 Bbl. Carb.)
L68 V8 Engine - 427 Cu. In. - Hi-Perf. - Tri Carb.
L71 V8 Engine - 427 Cu. In. - Spec. Hi-Perf. - Tri Carb.
L72 V8 Engine - 427 Cu. In. - Spec. Hi-Perf.
L73 V8 Engine - 396 Cu. In. - Spec. Hi-Perf.
L74 V8 Engine - 327 Cu. In. - Hi. Perf.
L74 Engine Ram Air III
L77 V8 Engine - 283 Cu. In.
L78 V8 Engine - 396 Cu. In. - Spec. Hi-Perf. (375hp)
L79 V8 Engine - 327 Cu. IN. - LD - Spec. Hi-Perf. (Hyd. Lifters)
(325hp)
L85 L-6 Engine - 250 Cu. In. (4 Bbl Carburetor)
L87 P-6 Turbo Charged Engine
L88 V8 Engine - 427 Cu. In. Heavy Duty
L89 Aluminum Cylinder Heads (396/375hp)
L90 Low Compression Engine L6 (export)
L92 Low Compression Engine V8 (export)
LF6 V8 Engine - 400 Cu. In. (2 Bbl Carb.) (Reg. Fuel)
LF7 V8 Engine - 327 Cu. In. (2 Bbl Carb.) (Reg. Fuel)
LM1 V8 Engine - 350 Cu. In. (4 Bbl Carb.) (Reg. Fuel)
LO8 Engine Emission Identification Chart
LS1 V8 Engine - 427 Cu. In. (4 Bbl Carb.) (Reg. Fuel)
LS3 V8 Engine 400 Cu. In. 4 Bbl. Carb.
LS4 V8 Engine 454 Cu. In. 4 Bbl. Carb.
LS5 V8 Engine 454 Cu. In. 4 Bbl. Carb. Hi-Perf.
LS6 V8 Engine 454 Cu. In. 4 Bbl. Carb. Spec. Hi-Perf.
LS7 V8 Engine 454 Cu. In. 4 Bbl. Carb. Heavy Duty
LT1 V8 Engine 350 Cu. In. Special High Performance
M01 Heavy Duty Clutch
M10 Transmission Overdrive
M11 Floor Shift Transmission Control
M13 Heavy Duty 3-Speed Transmission
M20 4-Speed Transmission
M21 4-Speed Transmission - Close Ratio
M22 Heavy Duty 4-Speed Transmission
M31 Transmission 2 Speed Automatic Jetaway (OLDS)
M35 Powerglide Transmission
M38 3-Speed Automatic Transmission (TH350)
M40 3-Speed Automatic Transmission (Turbo Hydra-matic 400)
M55 Transmission Oil Cooler
MB1 2-Speed Transmission - Manual Shift
MC1 H.D. 3-Speed Transmission (Munci)
N03 Gas Tank - 36-1/2 Gallon and Wheelhouse Filler Panel
N05 : LOCK CONTROL, FUEL FILLER CAP
N10 Dual Exhaust
N11 Off Road Service Exhaust
N14 Side Mounted Dual Exhaust
N30 Deluxe Steering Wheel
N32 Steering Wheel - Wood
N33 Steering Wheel - Tilt Type
N34 Steering Wheel - Wood Grained Plastic
N36 Telescopic Steering Wheel
N37 Steering Wheel - Tilt - Telescopic
N40 Hydraulic Steering
N44 Special Steering
N61 Dual Exhaust - Deep-Tone Muffler
N65 Space Saver Spare Wheel and Tire
N66 Super Sport Wheel, Hub Cap & Trim Ring (Rally Type)
N89 Aluminum Wheel - 15 x 6
N95 Simulated Wire Wheel Trim Cover
N96 Simulated Magnesium Wheel Trim Cover
N98 Wheel Rally II Road
NA9 Evaporative Emission Control
NC7 Exhaust Noise Control
NC8 Chambered Exhaust
NF2 Dual Exhaust - Deep-Tone Muffler
NK2 Deluxe Vinyl Steering Wheel
NK4 Sport Steering Wheel
P01 Wheel Trim Cover
P02 Simulated Wire Wheel Trim Cover
P06 Wheel Trim Ring
P12 14 x 6 JK Wheel (8.25-14 Tires)
P19 Spare Wheel Lock
P42 15 x 6 J Wheel
P48 15 x 6 L Wheel (Quick Take Off)
P49 Chrome Wheel
P58 7.35-14 Original Equipment Whitewall
P61 7.75-14 W/W (Canada only?)
P62 7.75-14 Original Equipment Whitewall (1969)
P65 7.75-14 Original Equipment Blackwall
P75 Tire 8.25 -14-4 PR-HWY
P84 8.55-14-4 PR Tire HWY OE
PA2 Simulated Magnesium Wheel Trim Cover
PA3 Special Wheel Trim Cover
PH1 15 x 7 Wheel
PK6 E70-14-4 PR Tire OE Red Stripe
PK8 E78-14-4 Tire-HWY -OE-W/Wall
PL1 E70-14-B Tire (2+2) -HWY-BB-White Stripe
PL3 E78-14-B Tire (2+2) - Hwy - BB -w/wall
PL4 F70-14 Steel Belted (2+2) Hwy -BB-B/Wall White Letters
PL5 F70-14 Special Blackwall with White lettering
PM7 F60-15 White Letter
PU6 E70-15-B Tire-HWY-Nylon -B/Wall White Lettering
PU8 G78-15-B (2+2) Tire -HWY-BB-W/Wall
PV4 F78-15-B (2+2) Tire HWY -BB-W/Wall
PV6 H78-15-B (2+2) tire -HWY-BB-W/Wall
PV8 H75-15-D- HWY-BB-W/WALL
PW7 F70-14-4 Special White Stripe
PW8 F70-14-4 Special Red Stripe
PX5 F78-14 Special Belted Blackwall
PX6 F78-14 Special Belted Whitewall
PX8 G70-14 W/S Tire (seen on 70 El Camino exported to Chile)
PY4 F70-14 Special Belted White Stripe
PY5 F70-14 Special Belted Red Stripe
T42 Hood Inlet Ram Air
T58 Rear Wheel Opening Skirt
T60 Heavy Duty Battery
T72 RHD headlight aim
T74 fog light equip
T78 Front Fender Running Lamp
T81 Headlamp Light Watch & Off Control
T83 Retractable Headlamp Cover
T86 Lamps Backup
T93 Lamp and Tail, Stop
TJ2 Front Fender Louver
U03 Low "D" Note Horn
U05 Dual Horn
U08 Dual Electric Horns
U14 Instrument Panel Gauges
U15 Speed Warning Indicator
U16 Tachometer
U17 Front Compartment Console Instrument Cluster
U18 Export KM speedo
U23 Ignition Lock Light
U25 Luggage Compartment Lamp
U26 Underhood Lamp
U27 Glove Compartment Lamp
U28 Ash Tray Lamp
U29 Instrument Panel Courtesy Lights
U35 Electric Clock
U37 Lighter,Cigarette
U46 Lamp Monitoring
U51 Mirror Lamp
U57 Tape Player
U63 Radio - Push Button
U69 Radio - AM/FM - Push Button
U73 Manual Antenna - Rear
U75 Power Antenna - Rear
U76 Windshield Antenna
U79 Radio Stereo
U80 Auxiliary Speaker - Rear
UA6 Horn Alarm System
UB5 Tachometer Hood Mounted
UF1 Map/Mirror Lamp
UM1 AM Pushbutton Radio & Tape Player
UM2 AM-FM Pushbutton Radio & Tape Player
V01 Heavy Duty Radiator
V30 Front Bumper Guards
V31 Front Bumper Guard
V32 Rear Bumper Guard
V48 Engine Coolant Increased Protec (Antifreeze)
V54 Deluxe Adjustable Roof Luggage Carrier
V55 Roof Luggage Carrier
V74 Hazard Warning Switch
V78 Delet Cer Plt (seen on 70 El Camino exported to Chile)
VE3 Special Front Bumper
VF3 Deluxe Front and Rear Bumper
VK3 Front Licence Plate Mounting
W51 Deluxe Belts
W63 Rally Guage Cluster & Clock
W84 Additional Fuel for Delivery
W87 Cigar Lighter Lamp
WT1 Judge Option
WV2 Black Sky Roof
X09 Speedo Adapter
X07 Winter tires
X14 Export spray tarp coating for shipping overseas
X17 underbody oil spray protection
Y80-Exterior Custom
YC1 Differential Carrier - 3.08 Ratio Positraction
YC2 Differential Carrier - 3.36 Ratio Positraction
YC3 Differential Carrier - 3.55 Ratio Positraction
YC4 Differential Carrier - 4.11 Ratio Positraction
YC6 SS 454 Conversion
YF8 Stripe Color Option (70 Chevelle)
Z01 Comfort and Convenience Equipment Includes:
Inside Mirror
Standard Outside Mirror - (Exc. Corvette)
2-Speed Wiper and Washer - (Exc. Corvette)
Back-Up Lights
Glove Box Lamp - (Exc. Corvette)
Luggage Lamp - (Reg. Pass. Only)
Bottle W/S Washer Fluid - (Exc. Corvette)
Z03 Super Sport
Z04 Heavy Duty Chassis
Z06 S.S. 396
Z12 Speedometer Driven Gear & Fitting
Z13 Comfort and Convenience Equipment (Same as
RPO Z01 exc. for Remote Control Mirror)
Z14 Air Conditioning (All Weather) Body Conversion
Z15 SS 454 Group
Z17 Special Suspension and Steering (Monte Carlo SS)
Z21 Exterior Molding
Z22 Rally Sport Package
Z23 Interior Decor Package
Z24 SS427
Z25 Basic SS 396 Sport Package
Z26 Super Sport
Z27 Super Sport
Z28 Special Engine (Special Performace Package)
Z29 Vinyl Stripe
Z49 Mandatory Canadian Base Equip Modifications
Z52 Full Foam Seat
Z53 Ammeter, Oil Pressure and Temperature Gauge
Z55 Special Vehicle Identification Number Plate
Z67 Speedometer Driven Gear Adapters & Keys
Z87 Deluxe Interior
ZH1 Lighting Group
ZJ1 Custom Interior
ZJ2 Custom Exterior
ZJ3 Interior Convenience Package
ZJ5 Exterior Decor
ZJ6 Special Sport Sedan
ZJ7 Special Wheel, Hub Cap and Trim Ring
ZJ9 Auxiliary Lighting Group
ZKQ Tire Pressure Sticker
ZK1 Body Insulation Package
ZK3 Deluxe Seat Belts and Front Seat
Shoulder Harness
ZK8 Tire Pressure Label
ZL2 Special Ducted Hood Air System (Cowl Induction)
ZL3 SS Conversion (Fisher)
ZN1 Front & Rear Spring Option
ZP2 Trim & Colour Overide
ZP5 Appearance Guard Group
ZP8 Tire F70x14
ZQ2 Operating Convenience Group
ZQ7 Canadian Warrenty Booklet & Misc. Literature
ZQ9 Rear Axle - Performance Ratio (4.10)
ZR1 Off Road Package (LT1)
ZR2 Off Road Package (LS7)
ZV7 Freedom Battery Delete
ZX1 Exp Proced #1 (seen on 70 El Camino exported to Chile)
www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=610253554485328&set=a.550...
Paul Rossetti
John Ciriello
All reclaimed land!
The Hotel, Trinity Church & The Boston Public Library McKim Building all sit on wooden pilings immersed in water. When they built the Hancock Tower they drove steel pilings into the bedrock & the constant pounding from the pile drivers ruptured the water table in the area causing damage to both Trinity Church & The Library.
Reply7hEdited
John Ciriello
Paul Rossetti Thanks Paul. I knew this technique was used in a lot of the Back Bay and it still amazes me that buildings could be built on wood pilings that are over 100 years old now!
Reply7hEdited
Jeff Conley
Paul Rossetti now water level is lower and the wooden pilings are rotting and theres basiacally no way to replace them its possible to angle drill ive heard but i restored a brownstone off columbus ave i think the street with charlies breakfast(everyday) and most of the south end is in trouble but shh big secret the place i restored sold as single family 12m and that was 10 years ago
Reply7h
Paul Rossetti
Jeff Conley
When they did the McKim Restoration Project preservation work was done on the pilings & the cofferdam was reinforced along with an alarm system, so when the water level drops, water is automatically pumped in.
Home repair involves the diagnosis and resolution of problems in a home, and is related to home maintenance to avoid such problems. Many types of repairs are "do it yourself " (DIY) projects, while others may be so complicated, time-consuming or risky as to suggest the assistance of a qualified handyman, property manager, contractor/builder, or other professionals. Repair is not necessarily the same as home improvement, although many improvements can result from repairs or maintenance. Often the costs of larger repairs will justify the alternative of investment in full-scale improvements. It may make just as much sense to upgrade a home system (with an improved one) as to repair it or incur ever-more-frequent and expensive maintenance for an inefficient, obsolete or dying system. For a DIY project, it is also useful to establish limits on how much time and money you're willing to invest before deciding a repair (or list of repairs) is overwhelming and discouraging, and less likely to ever be completed.
Worn, consumed, dull, dirty, clogged
Repairs often mean simple replacement of worn or used components intended to be periodically renewed by a home-owner, such as burnt out light bulbs, worn out batteries, or overfilled vacuum cleaner bags. Another class of home repairs relates to restoring something to a useful condition, such as sharpening tools or utensils, replacing leaky faucet washers, cleaning out plumbing traps, rain gutters. Because of the required precision, specialized tools, or hazards, some of these are best left to experts such as a plumber. One emergency repair that may be necessary in this area is overflowing toilets. Most of them have a shut-off valve on a pipe beneath or behind them so that the water supply can be turned off while repairs are made, either by removing a clog or repairing a broken mechanism.
Broken or damaged
Perhaps the most perplexing repairs facing a home-owner are broken or damaged things. In today's era of built-in obsolescence for many products, it is often more convenient to replace something rather than attempt to repair it. A repairman is faced with the tasks of accurately identifying the problem, then finding the materials, supplies, tools and skills necessary to sufficiently effect the repair. Some things, such as broken windows, appliances or furniture can be carried to a repair shop, but there are many repairs that can be performed easily enough, such as patching holes in plaster and drywall, cleaning stains, repairing cracked windows and their screens, or replacing a broken electrical switch or outlet. Other repairs may have some urgency, such as a broken water pipes, broken doors, latches or windows, or a leaky roof or water tank, and this factor can certainly justify calling for professional help. A home handyman may become adept at dealing with such immediate repairs, to avoid further damage or loss, until a professional can be summoned.
Maintenance
Periodic maintenance also falls under the general class of home repairs. These are inspections, adjustments, cleaning, or replacements that should be done regularly to ensure proper functioning of all the systems in a house, and to avoid costly emergencies. Examples include annual testing and adjustment of alarm systems, central heating or cooling systems (electrodes, thermocouples, and fuel filters), replacement of water treatment components or air-handling filters, purging of heating radiators and water tanks, defrosting a freezer, vacuum refrigerator coils, refilling dry floor-drain traps with water, cleaning out rain gutters, down spouts and drains, touching up worn house paint and weather seals, and cleaning accumulated creosote out of chimney flues, which may be best left to a chimney sweep.
Examples of less frequent home maintenance that should be regularly forecast and budgeted include repainting or staining outdoor wood or metal, repainting masonry, waterproofing masonry, cleaning out septic systems, replacing sacrificial electrodes in water heaters, replacing old washing machine hoses (preferably with stainless steel hoses less likely to burst and cause a flood), and other home improvements such as replacement of obsolete or ageing systems with limited useful lifetimes (water heaters, wood stoves, pumps, and asphaltic or wooden roof shingles and siding. The use of another cost effective and convenient alternate to siding, the faux stone, has also been trending.
Often on the bottom of people's to-do list is home maintenance chores, such as landscaping, window and gutter cleaning, power washing the siding and hard-scape, etc. However, these maintenance chores pay for themselves over time. Often, injury could occur when operating heavy machinery or when climbing on ladders or roofs around your home, so if an individual is not in the proper physical condition to accomplish these chores, then they should consult a professional. Lack of maintenance will cost more due to higher costs associated with repairs or replacements to be made later. It requires discipline and learning aptitude to repair and maintain the home in good condition, but it is a satisfying experience to perform even seemingly minor repairs.
(for further information or pictures please go to the end of page and click on the link!)
The Congregation of the Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
The Congregation of the Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was founded in 1866 by Abbè Peter Victor Brown in Paris.
On the advice of Baron Jaromir Mundy (one of the later founders of the Vienna Ambulance Company), Viennese medical officer and Maltese, who the Sacred Heart sisters became to know and to appreciate during the Franco-German war in a military hospital, summoned the then head of the Rudolf Foundation (Rudolfstifting), Mr. Director Boehm, the Sacred Heart sisters for nursing to Vienna in his hospital.
1873 arrived 13 sisters in Vienna and began their ministry to the sick. Due to the increasing number of sisters the construction of today's mother house (the provincial house at the time) in 1890 in the Keinergasse became necessary. This building which houses the oldest part of the hospital is now a protected monument, as well as church, monastery and "school".
1906 the Sacred Heart Church was consecrated and was followed in 1931 by the opening of the school building with day-care center (kindergarten and nursery).
During World War Second were confiscated all nonessential rooms of the Convent of the Wehrmacht for a military hospital. Our sisters took over the care of the wounded soldiers. From this institution was established in 1945 the private Sacred Heart Hospital (now 141 beds).
In 1989 the staff residence has been given over to its purpose, and 11 years later, in the holy year 2000, followed the tract in the Rabengasse, which is equipped with an interdisciplinary monitoring unit.
According to the motto "serve in love", the sisters, since the founding of the Congregation, make all possible efforts in order to guarantee the welfare of the children, sick and elderly.
Order and hospital chronicle at a glance
1866 - Founded Abbé Victor Brown, a priest from Lorraine, the Congregation of the Servants of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus. The sisters took care of the poor, abandoned, old and sick people and of neglected children.
1873 - 13 sisters come to Vienna in the Rudolf Foundation for the care of the sick and home nursing.
1874 - Opening of a branch in Gainfarn (Lower Austria) with the take-over of a children's home (Kinderbewahranstalt).
1875 - Sisters from the London house come to Vienna. Acquisition of Crown Prince Rudolf Children's Hospital.
1877 - Appeal of the sisters to St. Anna Children's Hospital/Vienna.
1879 - Acquisition of the house as the first property in Vienna, which is now the provincial house in Austria. Establishment of the first novitiate in Austria
1880 - Takeover of the nursing service in the Epidemic hospital, Triesterstraße/Vienna.
1883 - The sisters are appointed to the by the Countess Malfatti founded St. Josefs-Greisenasyl/Wien (old age asylum).
1884 - The nursing service in the community hospital Bad Vöslau is transferred to the sisters.
1886 - Due to the growth of the sisters, new acquisition of a larger provincial house in Vienna/Ober St. Veit, Himmelhof.
1888 - Takeover of the nursing service in the Kaiser-Franz -Josef Hospital/Vienna and the Wiedner Hospital/Vienna.
1890 - Laying of the foundation stone of the new provincial house in the Keinergasse/Vienna.
Vocation of the Sisters to the Nursing Institute Confraternität.
1892 - Takeover of the municipal poorhouse Scheibbs/Lower Austria and opening of a needlework school.
1893 - Opening of a needlework school and a kindergarten in the Mother House.
1896 - Establishment of a branch in Gaweinstal/Lower Austria .
1897 - Takeover of nursing in Inquisitenspital/Vienna.
1898 - Care of plague victims in the Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital.
1899 - Takeover of nursing in the General Hospital/Vienna.
1900 - Extension of the Mother House
1904 - Ground-breaking ceremony of the Sacred Heart Church in the 3rd District of Vienna. Commencement of operations in the poor house and in kindergarten in Kallwang/Styria.
1905 - Takeover of care in the poor house/Laa an der Thaya/Lower Austria. Inauguration of the extension of the Mother House on the Landstraßer Hauptstrasse/Vienna.
1906 - Inauguration of the Sacred Heart Church, Vienna.
1907
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1912 - Founding of several branches throughout Austria.
1911
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1913 - During this time, nurses are in Serbia at the war front.
1914 - Takeover of Preyerschen Children's Hospital in the 10th District of Vienna.
1919 - Establishment of a day-care center in the Mother House. Opening of an evening home for girls as young as 14 years. Acquisition of a recovery house in Niederhollabrunn.
1926 - State recognition of the trade school in the Mother House.
1932 - Death of the Superior, Chancellor Dr. Seipel.
1934 - Takeover of care in the General Army Hospital/Vienna. Purchase of a recovery house in St. Reginald/Krems.
1938 - Nazi Party seizes the school building. Expulsion of the Sisters of the kindergartens in Austria and Germany.
1939 - Second World War. By the Nazi Party follows the confiscation of the monastery. In the Mother House establishment of a military hospital. Care of the wounded in hospitals and sick bays.
1944 - In air raids on Vienna the Mother House was bombed. Two sisters killed, church and a part of the house badly damaged. In the bombing of the Franz-Josef-Spital killed five sisters.
1945 - End of war. At the Mother House follows the re-designation of the Reserve Military Hospital into the Sacred Heart Hospital. Reopening of kindergartens and day-care center in the Mother House.
1946 - Reconstruction of the Mother House.
1956 - 50th jubilee of its existence of the Sacred Heart Church.
1966 - The last sisters leave the Rudolf Foundation, in which the activity has begun in Vienna.
1970 - Inauguration of the new Austrian Province House in Mödling.
1971 - Annex to Sacred Heart Hospital.
1973 - 100 years Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Vienna.
1988 - Construction of a personal residence.
1990 - First CT in a small hospital.
1991 - Clinic for Physical Therapy.
1992 - Orthopaedic Department (only department in the 3rd district)
1993 - Surgical Outpatient Clinic/Department of Conservative orthopedics.
1994 - Annex to Sacred Heart Hospital.
1995 - Renovation of the kitchen of the hospital and 50-year anniversary.
1997 - Bed elevator Keinergasse.
1999 - Spin-off and conversion into a limited company.
2000 - Annex Rabengasse (new surgical classification).
2001 - Geriatrics (only department in the 3rd district).
2003 - Annex for electric supply.
2004 - Official recognition of four interdisciplinary monitoring beds after 30 years of voluntary service. Fire alarm system throughout the hospital.
2005 - Operation Room 3.
2006 - Operation Room 1 + 2. Completion of conversion of all departments.
2007 Integration into the Vincent Group
The Postcard
A postcard bearing no publisher's name that was posted in Bournemouth on Thursday the 4th. September 1913 to:
Miss Gray,
Holland House,
Edgar Road,
Cliftonville,
Margate,
Kent.
The pencilled message on the divided back of the card was as follows:
"My Dear Ethel,
I am so glad that you are
feeling better.
The weather is very poorly.
Much love from
Lillie".
Bournemouth
Bournemouth is a large coastal resort town on the south coast of England to the east of the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site, 96 miles (155 km) long.
According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 183,491, making it the largest settlement in Dorset. With Poole to the west and Christchurch in the east, Bournemouth forms the South East Dorset conurbation, which has a total population of over 465,000.
Before it was founded in 1810 by Lewis Tregonwell, the area was a deserted heathland occasionally visited by fishermen and smugglers.
Initially marketed as a health resort, the town received a boost when it appeared in Augustus Granville's 1841 book, The Spas of England.
Bournemouth's growth truly accelerated with the arrival of the railway.
The town centre has notable Victorian architecture, and the 202-foot (62 m) spire of St Peter's Church, one of three Grade 1 listed churches in the borough, is a local landmark.
Bournemouth's location has made it a popular destination for tourists, attracting over five million visitors annually with its beaches and popular nightlife.
The Gardens
The Lower, Central and Upper Gardens are Grade II* public parks, leading for several miles down the valley of the River Bourne through the centre of the town to the sea.
Mickey Cohen, American Gangster
So what else happened on the day that the card was posted?
Well, the 4th. September 1913 marked the birth in Brooklyn of Mickey Cohen, American gangster.
Meyer Harris "Mickey" Cohen was based in Los Angeles and boss of the Cohen crime family. He also had strong ties to the Italian-American Mafia from the 1930's through to the 1960's.
Mickey Cohen's Early Years
Mickey Cohen was born into an Orthodox Jewish family living in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn. His mother Fanny, who had become widowed in September 1914, had emigrated from Kiev, Ukraine.
Soon, however, Fanny moved her family to the Boyle Heights neighbourhood of Los Angeles.
At the age of 6, Mickey was selling newspapers on the street. In 1922, petty crime landed Mickey in reform school.
As a teenager, Cohen began boxing in illegal prizefights in Los Angeles. In 1929, the 15-year-old moved from Los Angeles to Cleveland, Ohio, to train as a professional boxer. His first professional boxing match was on the 8th. April 1930, against Patsy Farr in Cleveland.
In a match on the 12th. June 1931, Cohen fought and lost against World Featherweight Champion Tommy Paul, having been knocked out cold after 2:20 into the first round. It was during this round he earned the moniker "Gangster Mickey Cohen".
During Prohibition, Cohen moved to Chicago and became involved in organised crime, working as an enforcer for the Chicago Outfit, where he briefly met Al Capone. During this period Cohen was arrested for his role in the deaths of several gangsters in a card game that went wrong.
After a brief time in prison, Cohen was released and began running card games and other illegal gambling operations. He later became an associate of Capone's younger brother, Mattie Capone. While working for Jake Guzik, Cohen was forced to flee Chicago after an argument with a rival gambler.
Mickey Cohen's Later Years
In 1939, Cohen arrived in Los Angeles to work under "Bugsy" Siegel. During their association, Cohen helped set up the Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas and ran its sports book operation. He also was instrumental in setting up the race wire, which was essential to Vegas betting. During this time, Cohen met prostitute Lavon Weaver, and the couple married in 1940.
In 1947, Siegel was murdered due to his mismanagement of the Flamingo Hotel, most likely because he was skimming money. According to one account, Cohen reacted violently to Siegel's murder.
Entering the Hotel Roosevelt, where he believed the killers were staying, Cohen fired rounds from his two .45 calibre semi-automatic handguns into the lobby ceiling and demanded that the assassins meet him outside in 10 minutes. However, no one appeared, and Cohen was forced to flee when the police arrived.
Cohen faced many attempts on his life, including the bombing of his home on posh Moreno Avenue in Brentwood. He converted his house into a fortress, installing floodlights, alarm systems, and a well-equipped arsenal kept, as he often joked, next to his 200 tailor-made suits.
Cohen briefly hired bodyguard Johnny Stompanato before Stompanato was killed by Cheryl Crane, the daughter of actress Lana Turner. Cohen bought a cheap coffin for Stompanato's funeral, and then gave to the press Turner's love letters to Stompanato.
By the mid-1950's Cohen had become an international celebrity. He ran floral shops, paint stores, nightclubs, casinos, gas stations, a men's haberdashery, and even drove an ice cream van on San Vicente Boulevard in the Brentwood section of Los Angeles.
Imprisonment of Mickey Cohen
In 1961, Cohen was convicted of tax evasion and sent to Alcatraz. He was the only prisoner ever bailed out of Alcatraz; his bond was signed by U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren.
After his appeals failed, Cohen was sent to a federal prison in Atlanta, Georgia. His heavily armoured Cadillac from this period was confiscated by the Los Angeles Police Department, and is now on display at the Southward Car Museum in New Zealand.
On August 14, 1963, during his time at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, inmate Burl Estes McDonald attempted to kill Cohen with a lead pipe.
In 1972, Cohen was released from the penitentiary, where he had spoken out against prison abuse. He had been misdiagnosed with an ulcer, which turned out to be stomach cancer. After undergoing surgery, he continued touring the United States and made television appearances.
Death of Mickey Cohen
Cohen died of stomach cancer aged 62 in his sleep on the 29th. July 1976, and is interred in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California.
Ernst August Wagner
So what else happened on the day that Albert posted the card?
Well, on the 4th. September 1913, Ernst August Wagner, a schoolteacher in the German village of Mühlhausen in Württemberg, murdered his wife, four local children and eleven other adults, after setting fires in different locations.
Third generation (2008–present)
The Dodge Challenger Concept was unveiled at the 2006 Detroit Motor Show and was a preview for the 3rd generation Dodge Challenger that started its production in 2007. Many design cues of the Dodge Challenger Concept were adapted from the 1970 Dodge Challenger R/T.
Initial release
On December 3, 2007, Chrysler started taking deposits for the third-generation Dodge Challenger which debuted on February 6, 2008, simultaneously at the Chicago Auto Show and Philadelphia International Auto Show. Listing at US$40,095, the new version was a 2-door coupe which shared common design elements with the first generation Challenger, despite being significantly longer and taller. As with Chevrolet's new Camaro, the Challenger concept car's pillarless hardtop body was replaced with a fixed "B" pillar, hidden behind the side glass to give an illusion of the hardtop. The LC chassis is a modified (shortened wheelbase) version of the LX platform that underpins the Dodge Charger (LX), Dodge Magnum, and the Chrysler 300. The LX was developed in America from the previous Chrysler LH platform, which had been designed to allow it to be easily upgraded to rear and all-wheel drive. Many Mercedes components were incorporated, or used for inspiration, including the Mercedes-Benz W220 S-class control arm front suspension, the Mercedes-Benz W211 E-Class 5-link rear suspension, the W5A580 5-speed automatic, the rear differential, and the ESP system. All (7119) 2008 models were SRT8s and equipped with the 6.1 L (370 cu in) Hemi and a 5-speed AutoStick automatic transmission. The entire 2008 U.S. run of 6,400 cars were pre-sold (many of which for above MSRP), and production commenced on May 8, 2008;
The base model Challenger SE was initially powered by a 3.5 L (214 cu in) SOHC V6 producing 250 brake horsepower (190 kW) (SAE) and 250 lbf·ft (340 N·m) torque which was coupled to a 4-speed automatic transmission for the first half of 2009, and was then changed to have a standard 5-speed automatic transmission. Several different exterior colors, with either cloth or leather interiors became available. Standard features included air conditioning, power windows, locks, and mirrors; cruise control, and 17-inch (430 mm) aluminum wheels. Leather upholstery, heated front seats, sunroof, 18-inch aluminum wheels, and a premium audio system are available as options, as are ABS, and stability and traction control. The Canadian market also sports the SXT trim, similar to the SE, but more generous in terms of standard features. Some of these features being ESP, an alarm system, and 18-inch (460 mm) wheels. Starting with the 2012 model year, the SE was replaced in the U.S. with the SXT model.
2015 model year
Changes include:
5-speed automatic transmission replaced by a new 8-speed ZF 8HP automatic transmission,
Power output on the 6.4 liter V8 increased by 15 for a total of 485 horsepower and torque increased by 5 for a total of 475 Ib Ft.
A slightly revamped exterior features a new grille with design cues from the 1971 grill/split tail lights, Quad LED 'Halo Ring" Head lights, LED Tail lights, and a functional hood intake on HEMI models.
Inside, the Challenger gets a 7-inch (780mm) TFT Thin Film Transistor display with over one hundred possible configurations, 8.4-inch Uconnect touchscreen radio with available navigation, and a retro styled gauge cluster.
[Text from Wikipedia]
Eight paramedic students from Central DuPage Hospital recently participated in an active shooter exercise in the College of DuPage's Homeland Security Education Center's immersion lab.
DESCRIPTION:32.60m (107ft) Large Volume Sailing Yacht
DATE LAUNCHED:1991
LENGTH:32.60m (107ft)
BEAM:7.60m (24'11"ft)
DRAFT:3m (9'10"ft)
LOCATION:Auckland, New Zealand
BROKER:Clive Bennett
PRICE:USD 5 million
General Description:
Superyacht Eclipse: Eclipse is a 32.60m (107ft) large volume sailing yacht built by the Award winning Yard of Alloy Yachts in New Zealand and launched in 1991. This luxury vessel's sophisticated exterior design and engineering are by the renowned Dubois Naval Architects. With a recent major Refit the Yacht is presented in "as new" condition including new interior, new carbon Southern Spars mast, boom and much more. Additionally all technical areas have been either upgraded or refitted.
Eclipse is now ready for ‘sail away’ for worldwide cruising.
Price now Reduced as owner has recently launched a new Alloy Yachts vessel which also incorporates many of the ‘Eclipse’ features.
Accommodation
There is accommodation for Owner plus additional six guests in three cabins with ensuites. Owner’s stateroom has full width with queen size bed, seating area and en suite bathroom. Forward to port, cabin with double bed, settee and en suite bathroom. To starboard cabins with twin beds and en suite shower room. Forward of the engine room are the crew cabins with accommodation for four (or five) in one double cabin and one twin bunk cabin, each with en suite shower room. Crew mess area is also designed to convert into a single cabin with pipe cot.
Main Engine: MTU Model: 12V 183TA 61 HP: 600; KW: 447
Bow & Stern thrusters 70hp Richfields the Bow is telescopic and the stern is in a tunnel
Navigation:
Equipment including Autopilot: Simrad AP 50, Robinson control head and feedback system - New 2011
Compass/Gyro: Plastimo 150, Tokimel ES110 Gyro interfaced to all electronics - New 2011
GPS / plotter: Furuno WAAS Navigator DGPS 37, Magellan 3000 - New 2011
Radars: Furuno 96 Mile Black Box RADAR BB FAR 2117 New 2011
Furuno 48 Mile RADAR 1945 - New 2011
Displays: 2 x Planar 21.3 LCD with active Matrix, TFT, 1600 x 1200 High
Res Flat Screen Monitors - New 2011
Electronic Charts: Nobeltec Admiral 7.6 (Entire World Portfolio) with weather overlay, interfaced with comms systems and Fleet 77 New 2011 Log: B & G Super Halcyon System New - 2011
Depth sounder: B & G Super Halcyon System - New 2011
Wind speed + direction: B & G Super Halcyon System - New2011
Close-hauled and running: B & G Super Halcyon System - New 2011
Rudder indicator: VDO
Communication including:
Telephone: Panasonic Super Hybrid PABX, Telular SX4E GSM
VHF radio: Telephone:Simrad VHF RS87 (New 2011), 3x Icom handheld
SSB radio: telephone:Skanti TRP
Satcom:Sailor: / Thrane & Thrane FleetBroadBand 500 - New 2011
Sailor / Thrane & Thrane Imarsat C - New 2011
Computers: Advantech ARK-3390-1S6A1E with Transcend 2.5 Solid State Drive & LG Super Multi External DVD Rewriter - New 2011
Displays: 2 x Planar 21.3 LCD with active Matrix, TFT, 1600 x 1200 High
Res Flat Screen Monitors - New 2011
Alarm System: Custom Omron PLC alarm Monitoring System made for ECLIPSE
Mechanical Equipment:
Water Maker: Matrix Silver “A” 1000gpd
Air conditioning & heating: Marine Air with 2 compressors for all cabins
Electrical Equipment
Inverter: Lattronics 24v-110v
Batteries: 32 x 2V AGM, 4,000 amp hours
Battery charger:4 x Rectifier Technologies
Shore power:36KW A-SEA, 200-600V, 3phase Worldwide capability. A-SEA shore power electronics upgrade 2011.
Galley Equipment
Refrigerator: 2 x Hoshizaki
Freezer: 1 x Hoshizaki
Deep freezer:1 x Custom
Bottle cooler: 1 x Custom
Stove: Bosch 5 Burner Cooktop
Microwave: Kitchenaid
Oven:2 x Bosch
Dish washer: Miele
Washing machine: Miele
Dryer: Miele
Safety Equipment
Life raft: 2 x RFD 8 person
Life jackets: 12
Bilge alarm
Fire extinguishing system: Wormwald CO2 Automatic and Manual for engine room
Fire extinguishers: 8
EPIRB: ACR 406 Cospas RLB
Entertainment
TV: 1 x Sony 40 inch Flatscreen (Saloon) 1 x Sony 40 inch Flatscreen (Owners cabin) 2 x Sony 32inch Flatscreens (Guest cabins)
Audio/Video :
12 Terabyte iMuse Entertainment System with touch screen remotes, Space for 500 DVD’s and 2000 CD’s ,available to all cabins via RTI Technologies - Upgraded 2011
New Coastal 24 EURO Sat TV System.
Tenders & Toys
Tenders: 1 x 4.2m Zodiac RIB w/ 100hp Yamaha, 1 x 2.8m fold up Zodiax w/ 9hp Yamaha
Sailing dinghies: 2 x Laser dinghies
Diving gear: 6 tanks, masks and snorkels
4 x single man kayaks
2 x water skis
Additional facilities and upgrades:
2010/2011 Refit - major upgrades: New BSI Nitronic Standing Rigging complete including chain plate tangs and pins.
New OYS Stainless Steel Backstay and Boom Vang hydraulic rams.
New Reckmann Hydraulic Furl Motors on Genoa & Staysail including sail Foils. New Spectra and Dyneema Running Rigging complete.
New Aramid Running Backstays and 10 tonne Harken Flying check stay blocks.
New Doyle Stratis, Mainsail, Genoa & Staysail.
New Doyle Nylon, Black Gennaker. Complete Interior Paint in Mirotone.
Complete Headliner & lighting refurbishment.
New Teak panels on bulkheads with Madronna Burl and Silver Ash inlays / dado lines. New Teak and Silver Ash Sole through aft area steps and hallway.
New Carpets in Saloon and Cabins.
New Saloon & Cabin Sofa coverings.
New Saloon & Cabin soft furnishings.
New Sound Dampening acoustic tiles applied in bilges with full paint throughout.
ASEA Shore power upgrade.
New Marine Air Air-conditioning Chiller Plants and associated pumps and pipework. New Interior Air-conditioning Air-Handlers throughout entire vessel.
New Pilothouse Nav Station & Dash in Teak & Madronna Burl.
New Helm Station Monitor: ICP Electronics Inc. Industrial / Commercial 15 LCD DVI / VGA Flat Screen Monitor.
Furuno AIS FA-150 Universal AIS. Ericsson W35 GSM Quad Band. National WiFi LM124 Amplifier Brother Fax / Printer / Scanner MFC-685CW 2 x Pacific Micro Systems Data Multiplexas DM1210N 2 x Pacific Micro Systems Expanders DD20 Network Technologies Inc. 8 Port Video Matrix Switch Veemux. Adtran Netvanta 24 Port Ethernet Switch 1224 STR. Advantech ARK-3390-1S6A1E with Transcend 2.5 Solid State Drive & LG Super Multi External DVD Rewriter
**
Historically significant yacht, Alloy Yahts first yacht over 100'. With the first carbon-fibre mast and an efficient fully-battened mainsail, 32.6m Esprit featured the transfer of technology from America’s Cup design into the superyacht cruising domain.
This is Takota. Not just a dog but a burglary prevention unit - better than an alarm system. We've had an increasing and alarming amount of robberies lately in our little town so I've been thinking of adding a tough dog to our canine crew. This guy is actually very nice, as are most pit bulls - but I am having a lot of trouble of convincing Margo!
Kane County Joint Swat team At 2011 Chicagoland Emergency Vehicle Show
ONLY Emergency Services Departments are allowed to use my photos. All others must ask permission.
History of Public Libraries in Wethersfield 1783-2006
In March, 1783 the town’s first library was established by: Mr. Ezekiel Williams, schoolmaster; Mr. Joseph Webb and Col. John Chester, business men; and Senator Stephen Mix Mitchell, Judge of the Superior Court and about 60 others. It was called the Union Society Library. It was a subscription library and cost 20 shillings for the initial subscription and 40 shillings for annual dues. Applicants could be refused by thefirectors but could appeal to the membership at large. The “Executive Committee” of Colonel John Broome, Dr. Josiah Hart and Mr. Ezekiel Williams – Treasurer, first ran the library. It was open two hours every other Saturday. One could borrow large books (folios) for 8 weeks or small books (duodecimos) for 4 weeks. With permission from 3 directors fast readers could borrow two folios or 4 duodecimos for a period of four weeks. According to the records of the High Street School district the 400 volumes of the Union Society Library were housed in the upper room of its schoolhouse; a white wooden building south and east of a later brick structure. In 1798 the library was moved to the recently completed Academy Hall (this is not what we know as the Academy Building). Almost all books in the collection were about religion and philosophy.
Interest lagged until in 1850 the Union Society Library closed and the books were sold at auction. Then in 1866 Mr. Chauncey Rose of Terre Haute, Indiana, formerly a Wethersfield resident, offered the recently formed Wethersfield Library Soecity $2,500 if the Town would raise $500 to create a library. A campaign yielded books and money creating a collection of 1600 volumes. (Mr. Rose also donated $6,000 to be used for the maintenance of a public high school within Wethersfield.) Again this was a subscription library. Dues were $2/year for women, $3 a year for men or $25 for a life membership. Why were dues more expensive for men? Miss Francis Shedd, Librarian from 1922 to 1946, preferred “to think it is a simple recognition of woman’s neatness and respect for the property of others.”
This library was called the Rose Library and was housed “in the second story of the building on the corner next south of the Congregational Church.” In 1872 it was moved to the upper room of the Congregational Chapel. In 1893, with the library still in the Chapel, it became free to the general public of the town when the Library Association voted to merge with the free library just being established by the Town. This was done by loaning the books to the town which appointed directors. A resolution passed at a Town Meeting stated, “The amount to be annually expended by the Town for the maintenance and increase of the Public Library shall be a sum not to exceed $100.” In 1909 the Association voted to hold its annual meetings in connection with those of the Wethersfield Public Library and that the two organizations should have the same treasurer; also that the directors of the Public Library should be the ex-officio members of the Library Association. A patron could borrow one book at a time for two weeks. Miss Shedd was one of the earliest names registered in the new free library.
Presidents of the Library Board beginning in 1893 until 1947 included: Rev. Mr. Teal, Martin Griswold, Mr. S.F. Willard, Mr. E. O. Buck, Rev. T. C. Craig. Mr. Willard served for many years.
In 1893 Mrs. John Belden became Librarians until 1895. In 1895 Miss Elizabeth Andrews was appointed Librarian at a salary of $50 a year. In 1896 that was increased to $75 a year. In 1895 the Town appropriation to the Library was increased from $100 to $200 and in 1896 the Town voted rather naively that “any amount unexpended at the close of the current year be used for the purchase of books.” In 1896 Mrs. George Roberts became Librarian for 16 years. She oversaw the move of the library from the congregational Chapel to the Academy Building. From 1912 to 1922 Wethersfield’s Librarians were Miss Caroline Robbins, Mrs. Raymond Vesberg and Miss Belle Grigham. Library Directors often substituted for the Librarian and performed many library tasks.
In the early 1920’s the Library was moved from the lower north room of the Academy Building to the upper floor. In 1922 Miss Francis Shedd became Librarians and guided the library until 1946. In 1940 the Library was moved from the Academy Building to the Welles School. In 1942 Mrs. Marcella Anderson, the Children’s Librarian, began a Traveling that visited each of the four elementary schools once every two weeks. In 1946 Miss Shedd retired. Upon her retirement Miss Shedd observed “It would seem that the question of new library quarters is on the way to become one of the Town’s major issues.
Her prophecy was to be correct.
Mrs. Anderson became Librarian at a salary of $1,600 a year for a 36 hour week.
She participated in what may have been the fastest period of growth for the Library.
In 1947 the League of Women Voters did a town-wide survey to determine what extent library facilities were being used. They discovered that citizens west of the Silas Denae Hwy. used the main library seldom. The hours of the library in 1947 were: M, W, F 2-9; T, Th 2-5. There were 2,336 registered borrowers. A Deposit Station was located at 263 Brimfield Rd. in the home of Mrs. George Ellis. Branch libraries, each open about 5 hours a week, were located at the Charles Wright and Col. John Chester schools.
In 1950 Mrs. Anderson stated publicly the need for a centrally located library. In June of 1953 the 5 ½ year old branch at the Charles Wright School was closed because of a severe drop in usage. The main reason cited for the drop was that a population almost universally employed, as Wethersfield’s then was, read little fiction and the Wright Branch’s collection was mostly fiction. Also the branch was fairly close to the main library in Old Wethesfield. The shelves were moved to the Col. John Chester Branch and its hours doubled to 10 hours weekly.
The 1952 Annual Report of the Library Board stated “our space is used to capacity and the Welles School, itself in need of classroom space, offers no hope of relief.” In May, 1953 the Friends of the Library was formed with Mr. Hugh S. Campbell as its first President. In late 1953 Mr. and Mrs. W. A. Keeney offered the Library a site on which to build a new facility. They were willing to donate a lot adjacent to the Helen Wolcott home at 431 Wolcott Hill Rd. in memory of their son, Ensign Robert A. Keeney. This got the ball rolling on a course that would, after five years, result in Wethersfield’s new library and Town Hall. The Library Board advised the Town to build a new library on the Wolcott Hill Road site, and this advice was accepted by the Town Plan Commission. The Town did not follow through. By November, 1954 the Library Board asked Town Council to appoint a committee to study the need for a new library. The Citizens’ Library Survey Committee was created and was chaired by Horace B. Francis. The Committee submitted its report in March, 1954. It recommended a site on the corner of the Silas Deane Highway and the Church Street owned by the Town for building a $280,000 building and also suggested that the Town build a new town hall at the same site.
By early 1956 the Town Plan Commission was opposing the Deane-church Street site and favoring a Town Hall/Library building on Welles Road between Folly Brook and Western Boulevard on land not owned by the Town. On February 28, 1956 the Town Council overrode the Town Plan Commission and agreed with the Library Survey Committee’s recommendation to build on the Silas Deane and Church Street site.
In March, 1959 the Traveling Library, begun in 1942 to visit the elementary schools, was cut to save money and because the more centrally located new library at Silas Deane and Church Street would serve the citizenry better than the Welles School Library had. The PTA’s of the elementary schools protested, but the cuts were made.
In the summer of 1959 the move into the library’s new quarters began. On October 7, 1959 the new building was opened with Mrs. Marcella Anderson still at the helm. This culminated many years of hard work and patient negotiating for Mrs. Anderson and Board President Charles A. Even. Mr. Even had been president of the Board when the Library moved from the Academy Building into the Welles School building.
The new facility included a room honoring Miss Francis S. Shedd, Mrs. Anderson’s predecessor and Librarian from 1922 to 1946. A special committee provided appropriate furniture and commissioned a portrait of Miss Shedd done by Mrs. John F. Halloran which still hangs in the Francis S. Shedd Study in the library.
In 1963 the Wethersfield Library decided to participate in an arrangement with the Lucy Robbins Welles Library of Newington and the Welles-Turner Library of Glastonbury. This arrangement allowed Glastonbury, Newington and Wethersfield residents to borrow books from any of the three libraries.
In 1968 Mrs. Anderson retired and Marjorie G. B. Buck became the Library Director. In 1976 a Library Building Survey Committee was formed to study the needed expansion of the Library. In June, 1977 a plan was presented by the Town Engineer to the Library Board and accepted. Also in 1977 the Capitol Region Library Council proposed a computer circulation system linking many of the public and academic libraries of the Greater Hartford area.
In March, 1978 Mrs. Buck retired and Om Wadhwa became Director of the Library. In early 1979 the library expanded into the new addition constructed on the south end of the Town Hall/Library building.
In June, 1980 the Library Board voted to take part in the Capitol Region Library Council program designed to automate the circulation functions of the library. Official participation began July 1, 1980. By February, 1982 enough patrons and books were entered into the computer database that Wethersfield Library became a “live” part of CRLC CircCess circulation system. At this point books and other materials began to be circulated using computer terminals.
1983 saw our 350th anniversary of the founding of the first Wethersfield Library.
Researched and written by John Crowe, Reference Librarian.
The Library Renovation Story
What will the renovation project achieve for the Library?
Phase 1
A little over 9,000 square feet of space will be added to the library.
Expanded and completely renovated quarters for Children’s Services on the ground floor, including a new room designed for children’s programs.
An area on the main floor specially designed for the use of teens and for our teen book collection
Additional and renovated space for adult collections on the main floor.
Greatly improved meeting space. The main meeting room on the ground floor will be expanded to seat over 100 for public programs and meetings, and be accessible to the community outside regular library hours. Two new conference rooms will be added along with additional private study rooms.
A special room for our Wethersfield History Collection.
A new separate entrance to the library with improved energy efficiency.
A new stairway from the main floor to Children’s Services and the meeting rooms on the ground level.
Handicapped accessible rest rooms on the ground floor near the meeting rooms.
Improved workspace for staff.
Bookstore and storage space for the Friends of the Library.
Phase 2
A new roof.
Widening the stairs to the mezzanine level to improve safety and meet code requirements.
Re-pointing of deteriorating exterior brickwork.
Installation of fire sprinklers throughout.
Hazardous material abatement.
A new fire alarm system
Improvements to the heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems including new boilers.
Some new furnishings for the new and renovated spaces.
Replacement of some windows.
Where’s the money from?
Phase 1
Voters approved a bond issue in 1999 to build the new police station. The bond included $750,000 to renovate the entire area on the Library’s ground floor for library use. The plan was that the Town offices currently using that space to move to the area the Police used to occupy on the ground level of Town Hall.
The Library applied for and received a State Library Construction Grant in 2001 for $400,000. This is the maximum amount allowed by the state, based on the size of the project.
The Library Board voted $50,000 from the Library Trust Fund towards the project.
In July 2004 voters approved a referendum to permit the Town to accept the $400,000 Library Construction Grant and the $390,000 State Small Cities Grant for Town Hall in addition to the funds appropriated in the 1999 bond issue.
Phase 2
In February 2004 the Town Manager and the Mayor requested that the Building Committee develop an estimate of additional infrastructure work needed on the Town Hall and the Library, work not covered by the bond, but necessary for safety and code compliance. It was clear that doing the work while the building was already under renovation would save money and minimize interruption of services.
In November 2004 voters approved a bond issue of $5.2 million to complete renovations at the Town Hall/Library
When will all this happen?
First the new Police Station had to be finished and the police moved into the new building. That was completed in February, 2003.
Then the former police department space in Town Hall has to be renovated and the new elevator installed. That was completed inFebruary, 2006
Then the Recreation and Parks, Human Services, and Registrar of Voters offices need to move into their new space. This occurred in February, 2006.
Now work on the ground floor has begun. The new children’s department, new meeting room, new Friends space, and new downstairs public restrooms and interior stairway need to be constructed and the children’s department moved.
Then the current children’s room space needs to be converted to offices and study rooms, the teen area created, the Wethersfield History room, new reference and circulation workrooms constructed.
During the process of these major pieces of construction, the new roof, new entrance, sprinklers, heating and cooling, and phone system will be installed
The Library will remain open for business as much as possible. Some closings will need to be scheduled to allow the construction to move forward safely.
At the moment there is not a firm date when everything will be finished, but we will include an update in every one of our monthly newsletters, and produce new chapters of the Library Renovation Story.
THE HISTORY IS USED WITH PERMISSION.
COPYRIGHT BY THE WETHERSFIELD LIBRARY.
1979, somewhere at sea between Los Angeles and Cape Town.
A grainy image of the boiler burner flat, towards the top of the massive boiler. Hot as hell in this vicinity..
I joined this ship in Los Angeles, California on 04/01/1979 and signed off at Rotterdam, Netherlands on 29/05/1979, without getting ashore once.
This would be in the first decade or so, of electronic and hydraulically operated machinery, with computerised controls, compared to today's electronic marvels with full computerised temperature/pressure alarm systems and touchscreen operation of all engine room functions.
Shell had six ships in this Class, all built by Chantiers de L'Atlantique at St. Nazaire, between 1974 and 1976.
They were:
Labiosa 1975 (T25)
Latia 1974 (N25)
Latirus 1974 (M25)
Latona 1973 (E25)
Leda 1973 (F25)
Lucina 1974 (D25)
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Labiosa, vessel details:
Keel laid on 06/01/1975, launched on 13/05/1975 and completed on 04/07/1975 by Chantiers de L'Atlantique (Penhoet-Loire), St. Nazaire, France (T25)
138,460 g.t. and 278,219 dwt., as:
'Labiosa' to 1981 and
'Autan' until sold to Bangladesh for demolition, arriving at Chittagong on 11/12/1999
prli.nl/PL-718-4DBnm56a-45&rf=2 EUR 1575000
Spain properties property spanish real estate villa apartment townhouse house
PL-718-4DBnm56a-45
R133775 Large recently refurbished villa situated in the valley of Nueva Andalusia only a buggy drive away from the golf course or the closest restaurants. Originally built on 2 levels plus a basement in the mid eighties this villa has been completely transformed with a contemporary feel and interiorly designed. The villa currently offers an impressive entrance hall with double ceiling height and guest cloakroom, living room with working fireplace, American modern fully fitted kitchen with seating area and fireplace, dining area as well as a large utility room in the basement currently consisting of a games room, laundry area and 3rd guest cloakroom. Further this property includes 5 bedrooms, 4 bathrooms, a 2nd guest cloakroom and a separate apartment consisting of 1 bedroom, lounge with kitchenette and bathroom. The master bedroom, featuring wooden floors, is en suite with dressing room, complete bathroom with separate bath, shower and sauna as well as terrace access. Finally this property enjoys extensive terraces, a covered terrace with summer dining and outdoor kitchen, landscaped gardens with automatic irrigation and illumination as well as parking facilities for 2 cars on the driveway with automatic door. The villa is tiled mainly in marble and fitted with A/C hot -amp; cold, Under Floor Heating in the kitchen and bathrooms, alarm, electric blinds to all windows, central music system in master suite, kitchen and terrace as well as ventilators and Sky satellite television in most rooms. A great family home in a very central location, 4 minutes away from Puerto Banus.nnVilla, Near Everything, Furnished: Negotiable, Fitted Kitchen, Parking: Ample Parking, Pool: Private, Garden: Private, Facing: SouthnViews: Garden, Pool.nFeatures ADSL, Air Conditioning Hot/Cold, Alarm System, Automatic Entrance, Balcony, Barbecue, Barbecue House, Basement, Blinds, Breakfast Room, Built to High Standards, Cable TV, Ceiling Fans, Close to all Amenities, Close to schools, Conveniently Situated for Golf, Conveniently Situated Schools, Conveniently Situated Tennis, Covered Terrace, Detached Villa, Double glazing windows, Dryer, Easily maintained gardens, Easy Renting, Electric Gates, En suite, Excellent Condition, Fenced Plot, Fireplace, Fitted Kitchen, Fitted Wardrobes, Floor Heating, Floor Heating in Bathrooms, Fully Furnished, Games Room, Garden, Guest Apartment, Guest Bungalow, Guest House, Gym, High Ceilings, Ideal Family Home, Independent Apartment, Installed Music System, Landscaped Gardens, Long term rental, Luxury Fittings, Major appliances, Many Special Features, Marble Bathroom, Marble Floors, Mature Garden, Modern Style, Near amenities, Near Transport, Newly Fitted Bathroom, Open Fireplace, Parking, Pool, Private pool, Renovated, Renovated bath, Renovated kitchen, Residential Location, Satellite TV, Sauna, Separate Apartment, Separate Office, Servants Qtrs, Short term rental, Staff Accommodations, Swimming Pool, Tastefully Decorated, Terrace, Top Quality, Underfloor Heating-bathrooms, Video entry system, Walking Distance to Cafes, Walking Distance to Rest., Walking Distance to Shops, Walking Distance to T. Centre.<br /><br />Nueva Andalucia is a well thought out and attractive area just west of Marbella where nearly all house, apartments and buildings are based on traditional Andalusian architecture. The bullring on the right marks the entrance to Nueva Andalucia, while the road climbs towards the mountains affording magnificent views of the coast. On a clear day, you can easily see North Africa. You can find plenty tennis courts, paddle tennis and a gymnasium. For golfers the area could not be more ideal. There are several magnificent courses within virtual distance, including Los Naranjos, Las Brisas, Aloha Golf and La Dama de Noche, which is floodlit for night time play. All the Nueva Andalucia golf courses are surrounded by stunning scenery with a backdrop of mountains. Nueva AndalucÍa is fast becoming known for its international cuisine which ranges from a down home American deli to the ultimate in cordon bleu. It also boasts one of the most popular commercial centres in the area, Centro Plaza comprising quality shops, restaurants, bars and offices, as well as a supermarket, gymnasium and beauty salons. The commercial centre has everything that the consumer might want. There is an excellent street market held next to the bullring here every Saturday morning. Aside from recreational, sport and commercial facilities, Nueva AndalucÍa has several schools, including the international Aloha College. It is also home to one of the Costa del Sol's just two casinos, which boasts a vast gaming room as well as various other facilities. For residents, Nueva AndalucÍa is ideally situated, just a few minutes drive from the glitz and glamour of Marbella and Puerto BanÚs, yet close to the natural beauty of the Sierra de Ronda mountain range and San Pedro Alacantara, a refreshingly unspoilt pueblo.
Brighton sewer tour – information mainly from Southern Water website
Brighton, part of the city of Brighton and Hove in England has an extensive system of Victorian sewers running under the town, and a large modern storm drain under the beach.
The company responsible for the sewers, Southern Water, runs tours for the public during the summer.
The system is connected to a number of outfalls at the popular bathing beach, including emergency storm-water outfalls which could still release raw sewage until the 1990s. One of these may be seen in the stone groyne adjacent to the Palace Pier. During the late 1990s a massive storm water collection drain – wide enough to drive a vehicle through – was constructed along the beach, using tunnelling machines similar to those used to cut the Channel Tunnel. These were lowered to the tunnel depth via several deep shafts sunk at intervals along the beach, which were subsequently capped and covered. Pebbles were replaced on top of the shafts to return the beach to its former appearance and public use.
Southern Water’s famous sewer tours are unique. There is no other place in Britain where members of the public can walk through the labyrinth of tunnels beneath their towns, learning secrets from 150 years ago.
Brighton boasts Victoriana aplenty, from the Palace Pier to the world’s oldest operating electric railway, but sewer visitors go down the drains to see the largest Victorian exhibit of them all – and are amazed by what they see.
Visitors also discover clean spring water bubbling beneath their feet from a freshwater river that still runs under the city and they see barnacles on the walls from where the tide used to come in.
You can also learn some fascinating facts about landmarks above the ground, such as the Volks Railway Station at Black Rock. Cleverly disguised as an ornate Victorian station, it’s actually a pumping station which transfers sewage and storm water to our treatment works in Peacehaven.
The meeting point for the Sewer Tours is found at Arch number 260, underneath the Brighton Pier.
Groups of up to 25 visitors receive safety instructions and hard hats, passes and protective latex gloves to wear.
After a short introductory talk and film, the famous Brighton Sewer Tour begins.
The tour takes you along narrow, whitewashed corridors and up and down metal ladders to see the route of the day’s waste and stormwater, which flows to a treatment plant to the east of the city before being pumped safely out to sea.
You learn how the Victorians encouraged the flow with egg-shaped tunnels, some one metre in diameter and others big enough to accommodate a double-decker bus.
The tours take place between May and late September because there is an increased likelihood of the sewers being flooded by storm water at other times of the year.
Alarm systems are in place for your protection and warn the guides about sudden rain and a build-up of gases so that you can be taken to safety in good time.
The sewers are hosed down before every tour to ensure they are as clean as possible and less slippery.
The guides take you on a fascinating journey along 400 yards of the 30 miles of sewers beneath Brighton, unravelling secrets as you go.
The tour lasts about an hour and takes you north-eastwards from beneath the Palace Pier to the bottom of St James’s Street and then north west before turning to end near the fountain at Old Steine.
Start of Tour
Metal doors, guarded by metal gates, hidden beneath the esplanade immediately to the west of Palace Pier – not the most auspicious of settings for what is the entrance to one of the most magnificent examples of Victorian civil engineering.
Lecture Room
Our visitors gather here – the Lecture Room at the start of the tour. Here you will be supplied with gloves and a hard hat, told what to expect on your tour and watch a short film before exploring the sewer's Victorian secrets.
Albion Overflow
The Albion Overflow Sewer takes excess rainwater and waste from the Intercepting Sewer during heavy rain, transferring it to huge storm tanks to prevent flooding and the beaches from being polluted.
Safety Passage
This 75-yard long tunnel was built above the sewer system to allow the sewers to be inspected and cleaned in safe conditions.
Visitors use the Safety Passage, which runs under the pedestrian crossing opposite the pier, round the roundabout and across to Marine Parade, to access some of the key parts of the tour.
Flushing Chamber
At this point you’re 15ft underground in the Flushing Chamber, directly beneath where the busy A259 coast road meets the roundabout at the Palace Pier.
The thunder you can hear above your head is vehicles driving over a sewer cover. You can see them if you look up, but best not – you may get grit in your eye.
Catch Tank
Here you can view one of the six catch tanks built to collect road grit and heavy stones which would otherwise block the sewers.
Catch tanks need regular cleaning which takes place late at night when the sewer flow level is low. Every six weeks, 25 tonnes of road silt are dug out by hand and, with three men using a heavy 6in suction hose, transferred to a skip lorry above ground.
Marine Parade Overflow
This is where half of the sewage from the Kemp Town area of Brighton links with the Intercepting Sewer which, at seven miles long and up to seven feet in diameter, is the main trunk sewer into which other sewers flow.
Completed in 1874, the Intercepting Sewer remains the backbone of the sewer system.
8ft Storm Water Tunnel
This 200-yard long sewer was built to help relieve the pressure on the sewer system during heavy rain.
Visitors walk through this sewer by torch light as they make their way to the Old Steine Overflow Chamber.
Old Steine Overflow Chamber
This impressive chamber, some 30ft underground, was ‘sculpted’ from seven million heavy engineering bricks. This is where the main 8ft diameter sewers, serving London Road and Lewes Road, merge.
You can stay dry walking through the overflow chamber, but not if the council decides to empty the fountain at Old Steine. It discharges directly into the chamber and the council has an unfriendly habit of emptying it without warning!
End of Tour
Sewer guides lead parties of 25 visitors from the sewers via a 15ft vertical ladder, emerging near the fountain in the Old Steine gardens.
Home repair involves the diagnosis and resolution of problems in a home, and is related to home maintenance to avoid such problems. Many types of repairs are "do it yourself" (DIY) projects, while others may be so complicated, time-consuming or risky as to suggest the assistance of a qualified handyman, property manager, contractor/builder, or other professionals. Repair is not necessarily the same as home improvement, although many improvements can result from repairs or maintenance. Often the costs of larger repairs will justify the alternative of investment in full-scale improvements. It may make just as much sense to upgrade a home system (with an improved one) as to repair it or incur ever-more-frequent and expensive maintenance for an inefficient, obsolete or dying system. For a DIY project, it is also useful to establish limits on how much time and money you're willing to invest before deciding a repair (or list of repairs) is overwhelming and discouraging, and less likely to ever be completed.
Worn, consumed, dull, dirty, clogged
Repairs often mean simple replacement of worn or used components intended to be periodically renewed by a home-owner, such as burnt out light bulbs, worn out batteries, or overfilled vacuum cleaner bags. Another class of home repairs relates to restoring something to a useful condition, such as sharpening tools or utensils, replacing leaky faucet washers, cleaning out plumbing traps, rain gutters. Because of the required precision, specialized tools, or hazards, some of these are best left to experts such as a plumber. One emergency repair that may be necessary in this area is overflowing toilets. Most of them have a shut-off valve on a pipe beneath or behind them so that the water supply can be turned off while repairs are made, either by removing a clog or repairing a broken mechanism.
Maintenance
Periodic maintenance falls under the general class of home renovation and home repairs. These are inspections, adjustments, cleaning, or replacements that should be done regularly to ensure proper functioning of all the systems in a house, and to avoid costly emergencies. Examples include annual testing and adjustment of alarm systems, central heating or cooling systems (electrodes, thermocouples, and fuel filters), replacement of water treatment components or air-handling filters, purging of heating radiators and water tanks, defrosting a freezer, vacuum refrigerator coils, refilling dry floor-drain traps with water, cleaning out rain gutters, down spouts and drains, touching up worn house paint and weather seals, and cleaning accumulated creosote out of chimney flues, which may be best left to a chimney sweep.
Examples of less frequent home maintenance that should be regularly forecast and budgeted include repainting or staining outdoor wood or metal, repainting masonry, waterproofing masonry, cleaning out septic systems, replacing sacrificial electrodes in water heaters, replacing old washing machine hoses (preferably with stainless steel hoses less likely to burst and cause a flood), and other home improvements such as replacement of obsolete or ageing systems with limited useful lifetimes (water heaters, wood stoves, pumps, and asphaltic or wooden roof shingles and siding. Faux brick panels are also commonly used for protecting and decorating the exterior wall of home.
Often on the bottom of people's to-do list is home maintenance chores, such as landscaping, window and gutter cleaning, power washing the siding and hard-scape, etc. However, these maintenance chores pay for themselves over time. Often, injury could occur when operating heavy machinery or when climbing on ladders or roofs around your home, so if an individual is not in the proper physical condition to accomplish these chores, then they should consult a professional. Lack of maintenance will cost more due to higher costs associated with repairs or replacements to be made later. It requires discipline and learning aptitude to repair and maintain the home in good condition, but it is a satisfying experience to perform even seemingly minor repairs.
Illinois Law Enforcement Alarm System - Region 3 Bearcat at 2011 Chicagoland Emergency Vehicle Show
ONLY Emergency Services Departments are allowed to use my photos. All others must ask permission
Kathmandu Durbar Square or Hanuman Dhoka Durbar Square is the plaza in front of the old royal palace of the then Kathmandu Kingdom. It is one of three Durbar (royal palace) Squares in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal, all of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The Durbar Square is surrounded with spectacular architecture and vividly showcases the skills of the Newar artists and craftsmen over several centuries. The royal palace was originally at Dattaraya square and was later moved to the Durbar square location.
The Kathmandu Durbar Square holds the palaces of the Malla and Shah kings who ruled over the city. Along with these palaces, the square surrounds quadrangles revealing courtyards and temples. It is known as Hanuman Dhoka Durbar Square, a name derived from a statue of Hanuman, the monkey devotee of Lord Ram, at the entrance of the palace.
HISTORY AND CONSTRUCTION
The preference for the construction of royal palaces at this site dates back to as early as the Licchavi period in the third century. Even though the present palaces and temples have undergone repeated and extensive renovations and nothing physical remains from that period, names like Gunapo and Gupo, which are the names referred to the palaces in the square in early scriptures, imply that the palaces were built by Gunakamadev, a king ruling late in the tenth century. When Kathmandu City became independent under the rule of King Ratna Malla (1484–1520) the palaces in the square became the royal palaces for its Malla kings. When Prithvi Narayan Shah invaded the Kathmandu Valley in 1769, he favored the Kathmandu Durbar Square for his palace. Other subsequent Shah kings continued to rule from the square until 1896 when they moved to the Narayan Hiti Palace.
The square is still the center of important royal events like the coronation of King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah in 1975 and King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah in 2001.
Though there are no written archives stating the history of Kathmandu Durbar Square, construction of the palace in the square is credited to Sankharadev (1069–1083). As the first king of the independent Kathmandu City, Ratna Malla is said to have built the Taleju temple in the Northern side of the palace in 1501. For this to be true then the temple would have had to have been built in the vihara style as part of the palace premise surrounding the Mul Chok courtyard for no evidence of a separate structure that would match this temple can be found within the square.
Construction of the Karnel Chok is not clearly stated in any historical inscriptions; although, it is probably the oldest among all the courtyards in the square. The Bhagavati Temple, originally known as a Narayan Temple, rises above the mansions surrounding it and was added during the time of Jagajaya Malla in the early eighteenth century. The Narayan idol within the temple was stolen so Prithvi Narayan Shah replaced it with an image of Bhagavati, completely transforming the name of the temple.
The oldest temples in the square are those built by Mahendra Malla (1560–1574). They are the temples of Jagannath, Kotilingeswara Mahadev, Mahendreswara, and the Taleju Temple. This three-roofed Taleju Temple was established in 1564, in a typical Newari architectural style and is elevated on platforms that form a pyramid-like structure. It is said that Mahendra Malla, when he was residing in Bhaktapur, was highly devoted to the Taleju Temple there; the Goddess being pleased with his devotion gave him a vision asking him to build a temple for her in the Kathmandu Durbar Square. With a help of a hermit, he designed the temple to give it its present form and the Goddess entered the temple in the form of a bee.
His successors Sadasiva (1575–1581), his son, Shiva Simha (1578–1619), and his grandson, Laxmi Narsingha (1619–1641), do not seem to have made any major additions to the square. During this period of three generations the only constructions to have occurred were the establishment of Degutale Temple dedicated to Goddess Mother Taleju by Shiva Simha and some enhancement in the royal palace by Laksminar Simha.
UNDER PRATAP MALLA
In the time of Pratap Malla, son of Laksminar Simha, the square was extensively developed. He was an intellectual, a pious devotee, and especially interested in arts. He called himself a Kavindra, king of poets, and boasted that he was learned in fifteen different languages. A passionate builder, following his coronation as a king, he immediately began enlargements to his royal palace, and rebuilt some old temples and constructed new temples, shrines and stupas around his kingdom. There also took the massacre called Kot Parva where the queen, prime minister, head of the states,and other people with guards died. This massacre took place in the court yard inside the palace.
During the construction of his palace, he added a small entrance in the traditional, low and narrow Newari style. The door was elaborately decorated with carvings and paintings of deities and auspicious sings and was later transferred to the entrance of Mohan Chok. In front of the entrance he placed the statue of Hanuman thinking that Hanuman would strengthen his army and protect his home. The entrance leads to Nasal Chok, the courtyard where most royal events such as coronation, performances, and yagyas, holy fire rituals, take place. It was named after Nasadya, the God of Dance, and during the time of Pratap Malla the sacred mask dance dramas performed in Nasal Chok were widely famed. In one of these dramas, it is said that Pratap Malla himself played the role of Lord Vishnu and that the spirit of the Lord remained in the king's body even after the play. After consulting his Tantric leaders, he ordered a stone image of Lord Vishnu in his incarnation as Nara Simha, the half-lion and half-human form, and then transferred the spirit into the stone. This fine image of Nara Simha made in 1673 still stands in the Nasal Chok. In 1650, he commissioned for the construction of Mohan Chok in the palace. This chok remained the royal residential courtyard for many years and is believed to store a great amount of treasure under its surface. Pratap Malla also built Sundari Chok about this time. He placed a slab engraved with lines in fifteen languages and proclaimed that he who can understand the inscription would produce the flow of milk instead of water from Tutedhara, a fountain set in the outer walls of Mohan Chok. However elaborate his constructions may have been, they were not simply intended to emphasize his luxuries but also his and the importance of others' devotion towards deities. He made extensive donations to temples and had the older ones renovated. Next to the palace, he built a Krishna temple, the Vamsagopala, in an octagonal shape in 1649. He dedicated this temple to his two Indian wives, Rupamati and Rajamati, as both had died during the year it was built. In Mohan Chok, he erected a three roofed Agamachem temple and a unique temple with five superimposing roofs. After completely restoring the Mul Chok, he donated to the adjoining Taleju Temple. To the main temple of Taleju, he donated metal doors in 1670. He rebuilt the Degutale Temple built by his grandfather, Siva Simha, and the Taleju Temple in the palace square. As a substitute to the Indreswara Mahadeva Temple in the distant village of Panauti he built a Shiva temple, Indrapura, near his palace in the square. He carved hymns on the walls of the Jagannath Temple as prayers to Taleju in the form of Kali.
At the southern end of the square, near Kasthamandap at Maru, which was the main city crossroads for early traders, he built another pavilion named Kavindrapura, the mansion of the king of poets. In this mansion he set an idol of dancing Shiva, Nasadyo, which today is highly worshipped by dancers in the Valley.
In the process of beautifying his palace, he added fountains, ponds, and baths. In Sundari Chok, he established a low bath with a golden fountain. He built a small pond, the Naga Pokhari, in the palace adorned with Nagakastha, a wooden serpent, which is said he had ordered stolen from the royal pond in the Bhaktapur Durbar Square. He restored the Licchavi stone sculptures such as the Jalasayana Narayana, the Kaliyadamana, and the Kala Bhairav. An idol of Jalasayana Narayana was placed in a newly created pond in the Bhandarkhal garden in the eastern wing of the palace. As a substitute to the idol of Jalasayana Narayana in Buddhanilkantha, he channeled water from Buddhanilkantha to the pond in Bhandarkhal due bestow authenticity. The Kalyadana, a manifestation of Lord Krishna destroying Kaliya, a water serpent, is placed in Kalindi Chok, which is adjacent to the Mohan Chok. The approximately ten-feet-high image of terrifyingly portrayed Kal Bhairav is placed near the Jagannath Temple. This image is the focus of worship in the chok especially during Durga Puja.
With the death of Pratap Malla in 1674, the overall emphasis on the importance of the square came to a halt. His successors retained relatively insignificant power and the prevailing ministers took control of most of the royal rule. The ministers encountered little influence under these kings and, increasingly, interest of the arts and additions to the square was lost on them. They focused less on culture than Pratap Malla during the three decades that followed his death, steering the city and country more towards the arenas of politics and power, with only a few minor constructions made in the square. These projects included Parthivendra Malla building a temple referred to as Trailokya Mohan or Dasavatara, dedicated to Lord Vishnu in 1679. A large statue of Garuda, the mount of Lord Vishnu, was added in front of it a decade later. Parthivendra Malla added a pillar with image of his family in front of the Taleju Temple.
Around 1692, Radhilasmi, the widowed queen of Pratap Malla, erected the tall temples of Shiva known as Maju Deval near the Garuda image in the square. This temple stands on nine stepped platforms and is one of the tallest buildings in the square. Then her son, Bhupalendra Malla, took the throne and banished the widowed queen to the hills. His death came early at the age of twenty one and his widowed queen, Bhuvanalaksmi, built a temple in the square known as Kageswara Mahadev. The temple was built in the Newari style and acted as a substitute for worship of a distant temple in the hills. After the earthquake in 1934, the temple was restored with a dome roof, which was alien to the Newari architecture.
Jayaprakash Malla, the last Malla king to rule Kathmandu, built a temple for Kumari and Durga in her virginal state. The temple was named Kumari Bahal and was structured like a typical Newari vihara. In his house resides the Kumari, a girl who is revered as the living goddess. He also made a chariot for Kumari and in the courtyard had detailed terra cotta tiles of that time laid down.
UNDER THE SHAH DYNASTY
During the Shah dynasty that followed, the Kathmandu Durbar Square saw a number of changes. Two of the most unique temples in the square were built during this time. One is the Nautale, a nine-storied building known as Basantapur Durbar. It has four roofs and stands at the end of Nasal Chok at the East side of the palace. It is said that this building was set as a pleasure house. The lower three stories were made in the Newari farmhouse style. The upper floors have Newari style windows, sanjhya and tikijhya, and some of them are slightly projected from the wall. The other temple is annexed to the Vasantapur Durbar and has four-stories. This building was initially known as Vilasamandira, or Lohom Chok, but is now commonly known as Basantapur or Tejarat Chok. The lower floors of the Basantapur Chok display extensive woodcarvings and the roofs are made in popular the Mughal style. Archives state that Prthivi Narayan Shah built these two buildings in 1770.
Rana Bahadur Shah was enthroned at the age of two. Bahadur Shah, the second son of Prithvi Narayan Shah, ruled as a regent for his young nephew Rana Bahadur Shah for a close to a decade from 1785 to 1794 and built a temple of Shiva Parvati in the square. This one roofed temple is designed in the Newari style and is remarkably similar to previous temples built by the Mallas. It is rectangular in shape, and enshrines the Navadurga, a group of goddesses, on the ground floor. It has a wooden image of Shiva and Parvati at the window of the upper floor, looking out at the passersby in the square. Another significant donation made during the time of Rana Bahadur Shah is the metal-plated head of Swet Bhairav near the Degutale Temple. It was donated during the festival of Indra Jatra in 1795, and continues to play a major role during the festival every year. This approximately twelve feet high face of Bhairav is concealed behind a latticed wooden screen for the rest of the year. The following this donation Rana Bahadur donated a huge bronze bell as an offering to the Goddess Taleju. Together with the beating of the huge drums donated by his son Girvan Yudha, the bell was rung every day during the daily ritual worship to the goddess. Later these instruments were also used as an alarm system. However, after the death of his beloved third wife Kanimati Devi due to smallpox, Rana Bahadur Shah turned mad with grief and had many images of gods and goddesses smashed including the Taleju statue and bell, and Sitala, the goddess of smallpox.
In 1908, a palace, Gaddi Durbar, was built using European architectural designs. The Rana Prime Ministers who had taken over the power but not the throne of the country from the Shahs Kings from 1846 to 1951 were highly influenced by European styles. The Gaddi Durbar is covered in white plaster, has Greek columns and adjoins a large audience hall, all foreign features to Nepali architecture. The balconies of this durbar were reserved for the royal family during festivals to view the square below.
Some of the parts of the square like the Hatti Chok near the Kumari Bahal in the southern section of the square were removed during restoration after the devastating earthquake in 1934. While building the New Road, the southeastern part of the palace was cleared away, leaving only fragments in places as reminders of their past. Though decreased from its original size and attractiveness from its earlier seventeenth-century architecture, the Kathmandu Durbar Square still displays an ancient surrounding that spans abound five acres of land. It has palaces, temples, quadrangles, courtyards, ponds, and images that were brought together over three centuries of the Malla, the Shah, and the Rana dynasties.
VISITING
Kathmandu's Durbar Square is the site of the Hanuman Dhoka Palace Complex, which was the royal Nepalese residence until the 19th century and where important ceremonies, such as the coronation of the Nepalese monarch, still take place today. The palace is decorated with elaborately-carved wooden windows and panels and houses the King Tribhuwan Memorial Museum and the Mahendra Museum. It is possible to visit the state rooms inside the palace.
Time and again the temples and the palaces in the square have gone through reconstruction after being damaged by natural causes or neglect. Presently there are less than ten quadrangles in the square. The temples are being preserved as national heritage sites and the palace is being used as a museum. Only a few parts of the palace are open for visitors and the Taleju temples are only open for people of Hindu and Buddhist faiths.
At the southern end of Durbar Square is one of the most curious attractions in Nepal, the Kumari Chowk. This gilded cage contains the Raj Kumari, a girl chosen through an ancient and mystical selection process to become the human incarnation of the Hindu mother goddess, Durga. She is worshiped during religious festivals and makes public appearances at other times for a fee paid to her guards.
WIKIPEDIA
Reflected stars on the hood and windshield of my car. The red dot by Orion is from my car alarm system.
Fish, any of approximately 34,000 species of vertebrate animals (phylum Chordata) found in the fresh and salt waters of the world. Living species range from the primitive jawless lampreys and hagfishes through the cartilaginous sharks, skates, and rays to the abundant and diverse bony fishes. Most fish species are cold-blooded; however, one species, the opah (Lampris guttatus), is warm-blooded.
The term fish is applied to a variety of vertebrates of several evolutionary lines. It describes a life-form rather than a taxonomic group. As members of the phylum Chordata, fish share certain features with other vertebrates. These features are gill slits at some point in the life cycle, a notochord, or skeletal supporting rod, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, and a tail. Living fishes represent some five classes, which are as distinct from one another as are the four classes of familiar air-breathing animals—amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. For example, the jawless fishes (Agnatha) have gills in pouches and lack limb girdles. Extant agnathans are the lampreys and the hagfishes. As the name implies, the skeletons of fishes of the class Chondrichthyes (from chondr, “cartilage,” and ichthyes, “fish”) are made entirely of cartilage. Modern fish of this class lack a swim bladder, and their scales and teeth are made up of the same placoid material. Sharks, skates, and rays are examples of cartilaginous fishes. The bony fishes are by far the largest class. Examples range from the tiny seahorse to the 450-kg (1,000-pound) blue marlin, from the flattened soles and flounders to the boxy puffers and ocean sunfishes. Unlike the scales of the cartilaginous fishes, those of bony fishes, when present, grow throughout life and are made up of thin overlapping plates of bone. Bony fishes also have an operculum that covers the gill slits.
The study of fishes, the science of ichthyology, is of broad importance. Fishes are of interest to humans for many reasons, the most important being their relationship with and dependence on the environment. A more obvious reason for interest in fishes is their role as a moderate but important part of the world’s food supply. This resource, once thought unlimited, is now realized to be finite and in delicate balance with the biological, chemical, and physical factors of the aquatic environment. Overfishing, pollution, and alteration of the environment are the chief enemies of proper fisheries management, both in fresh waters and in the ocean. (For a detailed discussion of the technology and economics of fisheries, see commercial fishing.) Another practical reason for studying fishes is their use in disease control. As predators on mosquito larvae, they help curb malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases.
Fishes are valuable laboratory animals in many aspects of medical and biological research. For example, the readiness of many fishes to acclimate to captivity has allowed biologists to study behaviour, physiology, and even ecology under relatively natural conditions. Fishes have been especially important in the study of animal behaviour, where research on fishes has provided a broad base for the understanding of the more flexible behaviour of the higher vertebrates. The zebra fish is used as a model in studies of gene expression.
There are aesthetic and recreational reasons for an interest in fishes. Millions of people keep live fishes in home aquariums for the simple pleasure of observing the beauty and behaviour of animals otherwise unfamiliar to them. Aquarium fishes provide a personal challenge to many aquarists, allowing them to test their ability to keep a small section of the natural environment in their homes. Sportfishing is another way of enjoying the natural environment, also indulged in by millions of people every year. Interest in aquarium fishes and sportfishing supports multimillion-dollar industries throughout the world.
Fishes have been in existence for more than 450 million years, during which time they have evolved repeatedly to fit into almost every conceivable type of aquatic habitat. In a sense, land vertebrates are simply highly modified fishes: when fishes colonized the land habitat, they became tetrapod (four-legged) land vertebrates. The popular conception of a fish as a slippery, streamlined aquatic animal that possesses fins and breathes by gills applies to many fishes, but far more fishes deviate from that conception than conform to it. For example, the body is elongate in many forms and greatly shortened in others; the body is flattened in some (principally in bottom-dwelling fishes) and laterally compressed in many others; the fins may be elaborately extended, forming intricate shapes, or they may be reduced or even lost; and the positions of the mouth, eyes, nostrils, and gill openings vary widely. Air breathers have appeared in several evolutionary lines.
Many fishes are cryptically coloured and shaped, closely matching their respective environments; others are among the most brilliantly coloured of all organisms, with a wide range of hues, often of striking intensity, on a single individual. The brilliance of pigments may be enhanced by the surface structure of the fish, so that it almost seems to glow. A number of unrelated fishes have actual light-producing organs. Many fishes are able to alter their coloration—some for the purpose of camouflage, others for the enhancement of behavioral signals.
Fishes range in adult length from less than 10 mm (0.4 inch) to more than 20 metres (60 feet) and in weight from about 1.5 grams (less than 0.06 ounce) to many thousands of kilograms. Some live in shallow thermal springs at temperatures slightly above 42 °C (100 °F), others in cold Arctic seas a few degrees below 0 °C (32 °F) or in cold deep waters more than 4,000 metres (13,100 feet) beneath the ocean surface. The structural and, especially, the physiological adaptations for life at such extremes are relatively poorly known and provide the scientifically curious with great incentive for study.
Almost all natural bodies of water bear fish life, the exceptions being very hot thermal ponds and extremely salt-alkaline lakes, such as the Dead Sea in Asia and the Great Salt Lake in North America. The present distribution of fishes is a result of the geological history and development of Earth as well as the ability of fishes to undergo evolutionary change and to adapt to the available habitats. Fishes may be seen to be distributed according to habitat and according to geographical area. Major habitat differences are marine and freshwater. For the most part, the fishes in a marine habitat differ from those in a freshwater habitat, even in adjacent areas, but some, such as the salmon, migrate from one to the other. The freshwater habitats may be seen to be of many kinds. Fishes found in mountain torrents, Arctic lakes, tropical lakes, temperate streams, and tropical rivers will all differ from each other, both in obvious gross structure and in physiological attributes. Even in closely adjacent habitats where, for example, a tropical mountain torrent enters a lowland stream, the fish fauna will differ. The marine habitats can be divided into deep ocean floors (benthic), mid-water oceanic (bathypelagic), surface oceanic (pelagic), rocky coast, sandy coast, muddy shores, bays, estuaries, and others. Also, for example, rocky coastal shores in tropical and temperate regions will have different fish faunas, even when such habitats occur along the same coastline.
Although much is known about the present geographical distribution of fishes, far less is known about how that distribution came about. Many parts of the fish fauna of the fresh waters of North America and Eurasia are related and undoubtedly have a common origin. The faunas of Africa and South America are related, extremely old, and probably an expression of the drifting apart of the two continents. The fauna of southern Asia is related to that of Central Asia, and some of it appears to have entered Africa. The extremely large shore-fish faunas of the Indian and tropical Pacific oceans comprise a related complex, but the tropical shore fauna of the Atlantic, although containing Indo-Pacific components, is relatively limited and probably younger. The Arctic and Antarctic marine faunas are quite different from each other. The shore fauna of the North Pacific is quite distinct, and that of the North Atlantic more limited and probably younger. Pelagic oceanic fishes, especially those in deep waters, are similar the world over, showing little geographical isolation in terms of family groups. The deep oceanic habitat is very much the same throughout the world, but species differences do exist, showing geographical areas determined by oceanic currents and water masses.
All aspects of the life of a fish are closely correlated with adaptation to the total environment, physical, chemical, and biological. In studies, all the interdependent aspects of fish, such as behaviour, locomotion, reproduction, and physical and physiological characteristics, must be taken into account.
Correlated with their adaptation to an extremely wide variety of habitats is the extremely wide variety of life cycles that fishes display. The great majority hatch from relatively small eggs a few days to several weeks or more after the eggs are scattered in the water. Newly hatched young are still partially undeveloped and are called larvae until body structures such as fins, skeleton, and some organs are fully formed. Larval life is often very short, usually less than a few weeks, but it can be very long, some lampreys continuing as larvae for at least five years. Young and larval fishes, before reaching sexual maturity, must grow considerably, and their small size and other factors often dictate that they live in a habitat different than that of the adults. For example, most tropical marine shore fishes have pelagic larvae. Larval food also is different, and larval fishes often live in shallow waters, where they may be less exposed to predators.
After a fish reaches adult size, the length of its life is subject to many factors, such as innate rates of aging, predation pressure, and the nature of the local climate. The longevity of a species in the protected environment of an aquarium may have nothing to do with how long members of that species live in the wild. Many small fishes live only one to three years at the most. In some species, however, individuals may live as long as 10 or 20 or even 100 years.
Fish behaviour is a complicated and varied subject. As in almost all animals with a central nervous system, the nature of a response of an individual fish to stimuli from its environment depends upon the inherited characteristics of its nervous system, on what it has learned from past experience, and on the nature of the stimuli. Compared with the variety of human responses, however, that of a fish is stereotyped, not subject to much modification by “thought” or learning, and investigators must guard against anthropomorphic interpretations of fish behaviour.
Fishes perceive the world around them by the usual senses of sight, smell, hearing, touch, and taste and by special lateral line water-current detectors. In the few fishes that generate electric fields, a process that might best be called electrolocation aids in perception. One or another of these senses often is emphasized at the expense of others, depending upon the fish’s other adaptations. In fishes with large eyes, the sense of smell may be reduced; others, with small eyes, hunt and feed primarily by smell (such as some eels).
Specialized behaviour is primarily concerned with the three most important activities in the fish’s life: feeding, reproduction, and escape from enemies. Schooling behaviour of sardines on the high seas, for instance, is largely a protective device to avoid enemies, but it is also associated with and modified by their breeding and feeding requirements. Predatory fishes are often solitary, lying in wait to dart suddenly after their prey, a kind of locomotion impossible for beaked parrot fishes, which feed on coral, swimming in small groups from one coral head to the next. In addition, some predatory fishes that inhabit pelagic environments, such as tunas, often school.
Sleep in fishes, all of which lack true eyelids, consists of a seemingly listless state in which the fish maintains its balance but moves slowly. If attacked or disturbed, most can dart away. A few kinds of fishes lie on the bottom to sleep. Most catfishes, some loaches, and some eels and electric fishes are strictly nocturnal, being active and hunting for food during the night and retiring during the day to holes, thick vegetation, or other protective parts of the environment.
Communication between members of a species or between members of two or more species often is extremely important, especially in breeding behaviour (see below Reproduction). The mode of communication may be visual, as between the small so-called cleaner fish and a large fish of a very different species. The larger fish often allows the cleaner to enter its mouth to remove gill parasites. The cleaner is recognized by its distinctive colour and actions and therefore is not eaten, even if the larger fish is normally a predator. Communication is often chemical, signals being sent by specific chemicals called pheromones.
Many fishes have a streamlined body and swim freely in open water. Fish locomotion is closely correlated with habitat and ecological niche (the general position of the animal to its environment).
Many fishes in both marine and fresh waters swim at the surface and have mouths adapted to feed best (and sometimes only) at the surface. Often such fishes are long and slender, able to dart at surface insects or at other surface fishes and in turn to dart away from predators; needlefishes, halfbeaks, and topminnows (such as killifish and mosquito fish) are good examples. Oceanic flying fishes escape their predators by gathering speed above the water surface, with the lower lobe of the tail providing thrust in the water. They then glide hundreds of yards on enlarged, winglike pectoral and pelvic fins. South American freshwater flying fishes escape their enemies by jumping and propelling their strongly keeled bodies out of the water.
So-called mid-water swimmers, the most common type of fish, are of many kinds and live in many habitats. The powerful fusiform tunas and the trouts, for example, are adapted for strong, fast swimming, the tunas to capture prey speedily in the open ocean and the trouts to cope with the swift currents of streams and rivers. The trout body form is well adapted to many habitats. Fishes that live in relatively quiet waters such as bays or lake shores or slow rivers usually are not strong, fast swimmers but are capable of short, quick bursts of speed to escape a predator. Many of these fishes have their sides flattened, examples being the sunfish and the freshwater angelfish of aquarists. Fish associated with the bottom or substrate usually are slow swimmers. Open-water plankton-feeding fishes almost always remain fusiform and are capable of rapid, strong movement (for example, sardines and herrings of the open ocean and also many small minnows of streams and lakes).
Bottom-living fishes are of many kinds and have undergone many types of modification of their body shape and swimming habits. Rays, which evolved from strong-swimming mid-water sharks, usually stay close to the bottom and move by undulating their large pectoral fins. Flounders live in a similar habitat and move over the bottom by undulating the entire body. Many bottom fishes dart from place to place, resting on the bottom between movements, a motion common in gobies. One goby relative, the mudskipper, has taken to living at the edge of pools along the shore of muddy mangrove swamps. It escapes its enemies by flipping rapidly over the mud, out of the water. Some catfishes, synbranchid eels, the so-called climbing perch, and a few other fishes venture out over damp ground to find more promising waters than those that they left. They move by wriggling their bodies, sometimes using strong pectoral fins; most have accessory air-breathing organs. Many bottom-dwelling fishes live in mud holes or rocky crevices. Marine eels and gobies commonly are found in such habitats and for the most part venture far beyond their cavelike homes. Some bottom dwellers, such as the clingfishes (Gobiesocidae), have developed powerful adhesive disks that enable them to remain in place on the substrate in areas such as rocky coasts, where the action of the waves is great.
The methods of reproduction in fishes are varied, but most fishes lay a large number of small eggs, fertilized and scattered outside of the body. The eggs of pelagic fishes usually remain suspended in the open water. Many shore and freshwater fishes lay eggs on the bottom or among plants. Some have adhesive eggs. The mortality of the young and especially of the eggs is very high, and often only a few individuals grow to maturity out of hundreds, thousands, and in some cases millions of eggs laid.
Males produce sperm, usually as a milky white substance called milt, in two (sometimes one) testes within the body cavity. In bony fishes a sperm duct leads from each testis to a urogenital opening behind the vent or anus. In sharks and rays and in cyclostomes the duct leads to a cloaca. Sometimes the pelvic fins are modified to help transmit the milt to the eggs at the female’s vent or on the substrate where the female has placed them. Sometimes accessory organs are used to fertilize females internally—for example, the claspers of many sharks and rays.
In the females the eggs are formed in two ovaries (sometimes only one) and pass through the ovaries to the urogenital opening and to the outside. In some fishes the eggs are fertilized internally but are shed before development takes place. Members of about a dozen families each of bony fishes (teleosts) and sharks bear live young. Many skates and rays also bear live young. In some bony fishes the eggs simply develop within the female, the young emerging when the eggs hatch (ovoviviparous). Others develop within the ovary and are nourished by ovarian tissues after hatching (viviparous). There are also other methods utilized by fishes to nourish young within the female. In all live-bearers the young are born at a relatively large size and are few in number. In one family of primarily marine fishes, the surfperches from the Pacific coast of North America, Japan, and Korea, the males of at least one species are born sexually mature, although they are not fully grown.
Some fishes are hermaphroditic—an individual producing both sperm and eggs, usually at different stages of its life. Self-fertilization, however, is probably rare.
Successful reproduction and, in many cases, defense of the eggs and the young are assured by rather stereotypical but often elaborate courtship and parental behaviour, either by the male or the female or both. Some fishes prepare nests by hollowing out depressions in the sand bottom (cichlids, for example), build nests with plant materials and sticky threads excreted by the kidneys (sticklebacks), or blow a cluster of mucus-covered bubbles at the water surface (gouramis). The eggs are laid in these structures. Some varieties of cichlids and catfishes incubate eggs in their mouths.
Some fishes, such as salmon, undergo long migrations from the ocean and up large rivers to spawn in the gravel beds where they themselves hatched (anadromous fishes). Some, such as the freshwater eels (family Anguillidae), live and grow to maturity in fresh water and migrate to the sea to spawn (catadromous fishes). Other fishes undertake shorter migrations from lakes into streams, within the ocean, or enter spawning habitats that they do not ordinarily occupy in other ways.
The basic structure and function of the fish body are similar to those of all other vertebrates. The usual four types of tissues are present: surface or epithelial, connective (bone, cartilage, and fibrous tissues, as well as their derivative, blood), nerve, and muscle tissues. In addition, the fish’s organs and organ systems parallel those of other vertebrates.
The typical fish body is streamlined and spindle-shaped, with an anterior head, a gill apparatus, and a heart, the latter lying in the midline just below the gill chamber. The body cavity, containing the vital organs, is situated behind the head in the lower anterior part of the body. The anus usually marks the posterior termination of the body cavity and most often occurs just in front of the base of the anal fin. The spinal cord and vertebral column continue from the posterior part of the head to the base of the tail fin, passing dorsal to the body cavity and through the caudal (tail) region behind the body cavity. Most of the body is of muscular tissue, a high proportion of which is necessitated by swimming. In the course of evolution this basic body plan has been modified repeatedly into the many varieties of fish shapes that exist today.
The skeleton forms an integral part of the fish’s locomotion system, as well as serving to protect vital parts. The internal skeleton consists of the skull bones (except for the roofing bones of the head, which are really part of the external skeleton), the vertebral column, and the fin supports (fin rays). The fin supports are derived from the external skeleton but will be treated here because of their close functional relationship to the internal skeleton. The internal skeleton of cyclostomes, sharks, and rays is of cartilage; that of many fossil groups and some primitive living fishes is mostly of cartilage but may include some bone. In place of the vertebral column, the earliest vertebrates had a fully developed notochord, a flexible stiff rod of viscous cells surrounded by a strong fibrous sheath. During the evolution of modern fishes the rod was replaced in part by cartilage and then by ossified cartilage. Sharks and rays retain a cartilaginous vertebral column; bony fishes have spool-shaped vertebrae that in the more primitive living forms only partially replace the notochord. The skull, including the gill arches and jaws of bony fishes, is fully, or at least partially, ossified. That of sharks and rays remains cartilaginous, at times partially replaced by calcium deposits but never by true bone.
The supportive elements of the fins (basal or radial bones or both) have changed greatly during fish evolution. Some of these changes are described in the section below (Evolution and paleontology). Most fishes possess a single dorsal fin on the midline of the back. Many have two and a few have three dorsal fins. The other fins are the single tail and anal fins and paired pelvic and pectoral fins. A small fin, the adipose fin, with hairlike fin rays, occurs in many of the relatively primitive teleosts (such as trout) on the back near the base of the caudal fin.
The skin of a fish must serve many functions. It aids in maintaining the osmotic balance, provides physical protection for the body, is the site of coloration, contains sensory receptors, and, in some fishes, functions in respiration. Mucous glands, which aid in maintaining the water balance and offer protection from bacteria, are extremely numerous in fish skin, especially in cyclostomes and teleosts. Since mucous glands are present in the modern lampreys, it is reasonable to assume that they were present in primitive fishes, such as the ancient Silurian and Devonian agnathans. Protection from abrasion and predation is another function of the fish skin, and dermal (skin) bone arose early in fish evolution in response to this need. It is thought that bone first evolved in skin and only later invaded the cartilaginous areas of the fish’s body, to provide additional support and protection. There is some argument as to which came first, cartilage or bone, and fossil evidence does not settle the question. In any event, dermal bone has played an important part in fish evolution and has different characteristics in different groups of fishes. Several groups are characterized at least in part by the kind of bony scales they possess.
Scales have played an important part in the evolution of fishes. Primitive fishes usually had thick bony plates or thick scales in several layers of bone, enamel, and related substances. Modern teleost fishes have scales of bone, which, while still protective, allow much more freedom of motion in the body. A few modern teleosts (some catfishes, sticklebacks, and others) have secondarily acquired bony plates in the skin. Modern and early sharks possessed placoid scales, a relatively primitive type of scale with a toothlike structure, consisting of an outside layer of enamel-like substance (vitrodentine), an inner layer of dentine, and a pulp cavity containing nerves and blood vessels. Primitive bony fishes had thick scales of either the ganoid or the cosmoid type. Cosmoid scales have a hard, enamel-like outer layer, an inner layer of cosmine (a form of dentine), and then a layer of vascular bone (isopedine). In ganoid scales the hard outer layer is different chemically and is called ganoin. Under this is a cosminelike layer and then a vascular bony layer. The thin, translucent bony scales of modern fishes, called cycloid and ctenoid (the latter distinguished by serrations at the edges), lack enameloid and dentine layers.
Skin has several other functions in fishes. It is well supplied with nerve endings and presumably receives tactile, thermal, and pain stimuli. Skin is also well supplied with blood vessels. Some fishes breathe in part through the skin, by the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the surrounding water and numerous small blood vessels near the skin surface.
Skin serves as protection through the control of coloration. Fishes exhibit an almost limitless range of colours. The colours often blend closely with the surroundings, effectively hiding the animal. Many fishes use bright colours for territorial advertisement or as recognition marks for other members of their own species, or sometimes for members of other species. Many fishes can change their colour to a greater or lesser degree, by movement of pigment within the pigment cells (chromatophores). Black pigment cells (melanophores), of almost universal occurrence in fishes, are often juxtaposed with other pigment cells. When placed beneath iridocytes or leucophores (bearing the silvery or white pigment guanine), melanophores produce structural colours of blue and green. These colours are often extremely intense, because they are formed by refraction of light through the needlelike crystals of guanine. The blue and green refracted colours are often relatively pure, lacking the red and yellow rays, which have been absorbed by the black pigment (melanin) of the melanophores. Yellow, orange, and red colours are produced by erythrophores, cells containing the appropriate carotenoid pigments. Other colours are produced by combinations of melanophores, erythrophores, and iridocytes.
The major portion of the body of most fishes consists of muscles. Most of the mass is trunk musculature, the fin muscles usually being relatively small. The caudal fin is usually the most powerful fin, being moved by the trunk musculature. The body musculature is usually arranged in rows of chevron-shaped segments on each side. Contractions of these segments, each attached to adjacent vertebrae and vertebral processes, bends the body on the vertebral joint, producing successive undulations of the body, passing from the head to the tail, and producing driving strokes of the tail. It is the latter that provides the strong forward movement for most fishes.
The digestive system, in a functional sense, starts at the mouth, with the teeth used to capture prey or collect plant foods. Mouth shape and tooth structure vary greatly in fishes, depending on the kind of food normally eaten. Most fishes are predacious, feeding on small invertebrates or other fishes and have simple conical teeth on the jaws, on at least some of the bones of the roof of the mouth, and on special gill arch structures just in front of the esophagus. The latter are throat teeth. Most predacious fishes swallow their prey whole, and the teeth are used for grasping and holding prey, for orienting prey to be swallowed (head first) and for working the prey toward the esophagus. There are a variety of tooth types in fishes. Some fishes, such as sharks and piranhas, have cutting teeth for biting chunks out of their victims. A shark’s tooth, although superficially like that of a piranha, appears in many respects to be a modified scale, while that of the piranha is like that of other bony fishes, consisting of dentine and enamel. Parrot fishes have beaklike mouths with short incisor-like teeth for breaking off coral and have heavy pavementlike throat teeth for crushing the coral. Some catfishes have small brushlike teeth, arranged in rows on the jaws, for scraping plant and animal growth from rocks. Many fishes (such as the Cyprinidae or minnows) have no jaw teeth at all but have very strong throat teeth.
Some fishes gather planktonic food by straining it from their gill cavities with numerous elongate stiff rods (gill rakers) anchored by one end to the gill bars. The food collected on these rods is passed to the throat, where it is swallowed. Most fishes have only short gill rakers that help keep food particles from escaping out the mouth cavity into the gill chamber.
Once reaching the throat, food enters a short, often greatly distensible esophagus, a simple tube with a muscular wall leading into a stomach. The stomach varies greatly in fishes, depending upon the diet. In most predacious fishes it is a simple straight or curved tube or pouch with a muscular wall and a glandular lining. Food is largely digested there and leaves the stomach in liquid form.
Between the stomach and the intestine, ducts enter the digestive tube from the liver and pancreas. The liver is a large, clearly defined organ. The pancreas may be embedded in it, diffused through it, or broken into small parts spread along some of the intestine. The junction between the stomach and the intestine is marked by a muscular valve. Pyloric ceca (blind sacs) occur in some fishes at this junction and have a digestive or absorptive function or both.
The intestine itself is quite variable in length, depending upon the fish’s diet. It is short in predacious forms, sometimes no longer than the body cavity, but long in herbivorous forms, being coiled and several times longer than the entire length of the fish in some species of South American catfishes. The intestine is primarily an organ for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream. The larger its internal surface, the greater its absorptive efficiency, and a spiral valve is one method of increasing its absorption surface.
Sharks, rays, chimaeras, lungfishes, surviving chondrosteans, holosteans, and even a few of the more primitive teleosts have a spiral valve or at least traces of it in the intestine. Most modern teleosts have increased the area of the intestinal walls by having numerous folds and villi (fingerlike projections) somewhat like those in humans. Undigested substances are passed to the exterior through the anus in most teleost fishes. In lungfishes, sharks, and rays, it is first passed through the cloaca, a common cavity receiving the intestinal opening and the ducts from the urogenital system.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolve in water, and most fishes exchange dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in water by means of the gills. The gills lie behind and to the side of the mouth cavity and consist of fleshy filaments supported by the gill arches and filled with blood vessels, which give gills a bright red colour. Water taken in continuously through the mouth passes backward between the gill bars and over the gill filaments, where the exchange of gases takes place. The gills are protected by a gill cover in teleosts and many other fishes but by flaps of skin in sharks, rays, and some of the older fossil fish groups. The blood capillaries in the gill filaments are close to the gill surface to take up oxygen from the water and to give up excess carbon dioxide to the water.
Most modern fishes have a hydrostatic (ballast) organ, called the swim bladder, that lies in the body cavity just below the kidney and above the stomach and intestine. It originated as a diverticulum of the digestive canal. In advanced teleosts, especially the acanthopterygians, the bladder has lost its connection with the digestive tract, a condition called physoclistic. The connection has been retained (physostomous) by many relatively primitive teleosts. In several unrelated lines of fishes, the bladder has become specialized as a lung or, at least, as a highly vascularized accessory breathing organ. Some fishes with such accessory organs are obligate air breathers and will drown if denied access to the surface, even in well-oxygenated water. Fishes with a hydrostatic form of swim bladder can control their depth by regulating the amount of gas in the bladder. The gas, mostly oxygen, is secreted into the bladder by special glands, rendering the fish more buoyant; the gas is absorbed into the bloodstream by another special organ, reducing the overall buoyancy and allowing the fish to sink. Some deep-sea fishes may have oils, rather than gas, in the bladder. Other deep-sea and some bottom-living forms have much-reduced swim bladders or have lost the organ entirely.
The swim bladder of fishes follows the same developmental pattern as the lungs of land vertebrates. There is no doubt that the two structures have the same historical origin in primitive fishes. More or less intermediate forms still survive among the more primitive types of fishes, such as the lungfishes Lepidosiren and Protopterus.
The circulatory, or blood vascular, system consists of the heart, the arteries, the capillaries, and the veins. It is in the capillaries that the interchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and other substances such as hormones and waste products takes place. The capillaries lead to the veins, which return the venous blood with its waste products to the heart, kidneys, and gills. There are two kinds of capillary beds: those in the gills and those in the rest of the body. The heart, a folded continuous muscular tube with three or four saclike enlargements, undergoes rhythmic contractions and receives venous blood in a sinus venosus. It passes the blood to an auricle and then into a thick muscular pump, the ventricle. From the ventricle the blood goes to a bulbous structure at the base of a ventral aorta just below the gills. The blood passes to the afferent (receiving) arteries of the gill arches and then to the gill capillaries. There waste gases are given off to the environment, and oxygen is absorbed. The oxygenated blood enters efferent (exuant) arteries of the gill arches and then flows into the dorsal aorta. From there blood is distributed to the tissues and organs of the body. One-way valves prevent backflow. The circulation of fishes thus differs from that of the reptiles, birds, and mammals in that oxygenated blood is not returned to the heart prior to distribution to the other parts of the body.
The primary excretory organ in fishes, as in other vertebrates, is the kidney. In fishes some excretion also takes place in the digestive tract, skin, and especially the gills (where ammonia is given off). Compared with land vertebrates, fishes have a special problem in maintaining their internal environment at a constant concentration of water and dissolved substances, such as salts. Proper balance of the internal environment (homeostasis) of a fish is in a great part maintained by the excretory system, especially the kidney.
The kidney, gills, and skin play an important role in maintaining a fish’s internal environment and checking the effects of osmosis. Marine fishes live in an environment in which the water around them has a greater concentration of salts than they can have inside their body and still maintain life. Freshwater fishes, on the other hand, live in water with a much lower concentration of salts than they require inside their bodies. Osmosis tends to promote the loss of water from the body of a marine fish and absorption of water by that of a freshwater fish. Mucus in the skin tends to slow the process but is not a sufficient barrier to prevent the movement of fluids through the permeable skin. When solutions on two sides of a permeable membrane have different concentrations of dissolved substances, water will pass through the membrane into the more concentrated solution, while the dissolved chemicals move into the area of lower concentration (diffusion).
The kidney of freshwater fishes is often larger in relation to body weight than that of marine fishes. In both groups the kidney excretes wastes from the body, but the kidney of freshwater fishes also excretes large amounts of water, counteracting the water absorbed through the skin. Freshwater fishes tend to lose salt to the environment and must replace it. They get some salt from their food, but the gills and skin inside the mouth actively absorb salt from water passed through the mouth. This absorption is performed by special cells capable of moving salts against the diffusion gradient. Freshwater fishes drink very little water and take in little water with their food.
Marine fishes must conserve water, and therefore their kidneys excrete little water. To maintain their water balance, marine fishes drink large quantities of seawater, retaining most of the water and excreting the salt. Most nitrogenous waste in marine fishes appears to be secreted by the gills as ammonia. Marine fishes can excrete salt by clusters of special cells (chloride cells) in the gills.
There are several teleosts—for example, the salmon—that travel between fresh water and seawater and must adjust to the reversal of osmotic gradients. They adjust their physiological processes by spending time (often surprisingly little time) in the intermediate brackish environment.
Marine hagfishes, sharks, and rays have osmotic concentrations in their blood about equal to that of seawater and so do not have to drink water nor perform much physiological work to maintain their osmotic balance. In sharks and rays the osmotic concentration is kept high by retention of urea in the blood. Freshwater sharks have a lowered concentration of urea in the blood.
Endocrine glands secrete their products into the bloodstream and body tissues and, along with the central nervous system, control and regulate many kinds of body functions. Cyclostomes have a well-developed endocrine system, and presumably it was well developed in the early Agnatha, ancestral to modern fishes. Although the endocrine system in fishes is similar to that of higher vertebrates, there are numerous differences in detail. The pituitary, the thyroid, the suprarenals, the adrenals, the pancreatic islets, the sex glands (ovaries and testes), the inner wall of the intestine, and the bodies of the ultimobranchial gland make up the endocrine system in fishes. There are some others whose function is not well understood. These organs regulate sexual activity and reproduction, growth, osmotic pressure, general metabolic activities such as the storage of fat and the utilization of foodstuffs, blood pressure, and certain aspects of skin colour. Many of these activities are also controlled in part by the central nervous system, which works with the endocrine system in maintaining the life of a fish. Some parts of the endocrine system are developmentally, and undoubtedly evolutionarily, derived from the nervous system.
As in all vertebrates, the nervous system of fishes is the primary mechanism coordinating body activities, as well as integrating these activities in the appropriate manner with stimuli from the environment. The central nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, is the primary integrating mechanism. The peripheral nervous system, consisting of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to various body organs, carries sensory information from special receptor organs such as the eyes, internal ears, nares (sense of smell), taste glands, and others to the integrating centres of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system also carries information via different nerve cells from the integrating centres of the brain and spinal cord. This coded information is carried to the various organs and body systems, such as the skeletal muscular system, for appropriate action in response to the original external or internal stimulus. Another branch of the nervous system, the autonomic nervous system, helps to coordinate the activities of many glands and organs and is itself closely connected to the integrating centres of the brain.
The brain of the fish is divided into several anatomical and functional parts, all closely interconnected but each serving as the primary centre of integrating particular kinds of responses and activities. Several of these centres or parts are primarily associated with one type of sensory perception, such as sight, hearing, or smell (olfaction).
The sense of smell is important in almost all fishes. Certain eels with tiny eyes depend mostly on smell for location of food. The olfactory, or nasal, organ of fishes is located on the dorsal surface of the snout. The lining of the nasal organ has special sensory cells that perceive chemicals dissolved in the water, such as substances from food material, and send sensory information to the brain by way of the first cranial nerve. Odour also serves as an alarm system. Many fishes, especially various species of freshwater minnows, react with alarm to a chemical released from the skin of an injured member of their own species.
Many fishes have a well-developed sense of taste, and tiny pitlike taste buds or organs are located not only within their mouth cavities but also over their heads and parts of their body. Catfishes, which often have poor vision, have barbels (“whiskers”) that serve as supplementary taste organs, those around the mouth being actively used to search out food on the bottom. Some species of naturally blind cave fishes are especially well supplied with taste buds, which often cover most of their body surface.
Sight is extremely important in most fishes. The eye of a fish is basically like that of all other vertebrates, but the eyes of fishes are extremely varied in structure and adaptation. In general, fishes living in dark and dim water habitats have large eyes, unless they have specialized in some compensatory way so that another sense (such as smell) is dominant, in which case the eyes will often be reduced. Fishes living in brightly lighted shallow waters often will have relatively small but efficient eyes. Cyclostomes have somewhat less elaborate eyes than other fishes, with skin stretched over the eyeball perhaps making their vision somewhat less effective. Most fishes have a spherical lens and accommodate their vision to far or near subjects by moving the lens within the eyeball. A few sharks accommodate by changing the shape of the lens, as in land vertebrates. Those fishes that are heavily dependent upon the eyes have especially strong muscles for accommodation. Most fishes see well, despite the restrictions imposed by frequent turbidity of the water and by light refraction.
Fossil evidence suggests that colour vision evolved in fishes more than 300 million years ago, but not all living fishes have retained this ability. Experimental evidence indicates that many shallow-water fishes, if not all, have colour vision and see some colours especially well, but some bottom-dwelling shore fishes live in areas where the water is sufficiently deep to filter out most if not all colours, and these fishes apparently never see colours. When tested in shallow water, they apparently are unable to respond to colour differences.
Sound perception and balance are intimately associated senses in a fish. The organs of hearing are entirely internal, located within the skull, on each side of the brain and somewhat behind the eyes. Sound waves, especially those of low frequencies, travel readily through water and impinge directly upon the bones and fluids of the head and body, to be transmitted to the hearing organs. Fishes readily respond to sound; for example, a trout conditioned to escape by the approach of fishermen will take flight upon perceiving footsteps on a stream bank even if it cannot see a fisherman. Compared with humans, however, the range of sound frequencies heard by fishes is greatly restricted. Many fishes communicate with each other by producing sounds in their swim bladders, in their throats by rasping their teeth, and in other ways.
A fish or other vertebrate seldom has to rely on a single type of sensory information to determine the nature of the environment around it. A catfish uses taste and touch when examining a food object with its oral barbels. Like most other animals, fishes have many touch receptors over their body surface. Pain and temperature receptors also are present in fishes and presumably produce the same kind of information to a fish as to humans. Fishes react in a negative fashion to stimuli that would be painful to human beings, suggesting that they feel a sensation of pain.
An important sensory system in fishes that is absent in other vertebrates (except some amphibians) is the lateral line system. This consists of a series of heavily innervated small canals located in the skin and bone around the eyes, along the lower jaw, over the head, and down the mid-side of the body, where it is associated with the scales. Intermittently along these canals are located tiny sensory organs (pit organs) that apparently detect changes in pressure. The system allows a fish to sense changes in water currents and pressure, thereby helping the fish to orient itself to the various changes that occur in the physical environment.
TEIGN C Damen Stan 1405
IMO: - N/A
MMSI: 235082804
Call Sign: MWBM9
AIS Vessel Type: Dredger
GENERAL
DAMEN YARD NUMBER: 503705
Avelingen-West 20
4202 MS Gorinchem
The Netherlands
Phone: +31 (0)183 63 99 11
info@damen.com
DELIVERY DATE August 2001
BASIC FUNCTIONS Towing, mooring, pushing and dredging operations
FLAG United Kingdom [GB]
OWNED Teignmouth Harbour Commission
CASSCATION: Bureau Veritas 1 HULL MACH Seagoing Launch
DIMENSIONS
LENGTH 14.40 m
BEAM 4.73 m
DEPTH AT SIDES 205 m
DRAUGHT AFT 171 m
DISPLACEMENT 48 ton
TANK CAPACITIES
Fuel oil 6.9 m³
PERFORMANCES (TRIALS)
BOLLARD PULL AHEAD 8.0 ton
SPEED 9.8 knots
PROPULSION SYSTEM
MAIN ENGINE 2x Caterpillar 3406C TA/A
TOTAL POWER 477 bmW (640i hp) at 1800 rpm
GEARBOX 2x Twin Disc MG 5091/3.82:1
PROPELLERS Bronze fixed pitch propeller
KORT NOZZELS Van de Giessen 2x 1000 mm with stainless steel innerings
ENGINE CONTROL Kobelt
STEERING GEAR 2x 25 mm single plate Powered hydraulic 2x 45, rudder indicator
AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
BILGE PUMP Sterling SIH 20, 32 m/hr
BATTERY SETS 2x 24V, 200 Ah + change over facility
COOLING SYSTEM Closed cooling system
ALARM SYSTEM Engines, gearboxes and bilge alarms
FRESH WATER PRESSURE SET Speck 24V
DECK LAY-OUT
ANCHORS 2x 48 kg Pool (HHP)
CHAIN 70 m, Ø 13mm, shortlink U2
ANCHOR WINCH Hand-operated
TOWING HOOK Mampaey, 15.3 ton SWL
COUPLING WINCH
PUSHBOW Cylindrical nubber fender Ø 380 mm
ACCOMMODATION
The wheelhouse ceiling and sides are insulated with mineral wool and
panelled. The wheelhouse floor is covered with rubber/synthetic floor
covering, make Bolidt, color blue The wheelhouse has one
helmsman seat, a bench and table with chair Below deck two berths, a
kitchen unit and a toilet space are arranged.
NAUTICAL AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
SEARCHLIGHT Den Haan 170 W 24 V
VHF RADIO Sailor RT 2048 25 W
NAVIGATION Navigation lights incl towing and pilot lights
Teignmouth Harbour Commission
The Harbour Commission is a Trust Port created by Statute.
The principal Order is the Teignmouth Harbour Order 1924
as amended by the Teignmouth Harbour Revision Order 2003
As the owner, I do believe that this great, artsy, Studio F, at 1391 Hyde Park Avenue, which features newly expanded floor area on 3 levels-2,050 square feet. with north light, a large 300 sq. ft. roof deck, and the optional 144 sq. ft. riverdeck on Mother Brook, a tributary of the Neponset river, is very, very unique. Mother Brook is now being cleaned and dredged, to the tune of 14.5 million dollars, to make it the most beautiful part of Boston's Urban Wild. Many, many special features include 20'H ceilings, double sliding glass doors to the roof deck, a full upper level wet bath with copper ceiling, a mid-level steel mezzanine with six 20'L track lighting runs, 6 remote-controlled state-of-the-art Velux skylights, Pergo laminate upper floors, ground, patinaed, and sealed concrete lower floors, one-of a-kind cutout steel railings, and a large, but expandable GE kitchen with solid maple cabinetry.
Amenities include full central heating and air conditioning, complete washer-dryer, Comcast broad-band wiring on 2 levels, multiple phone jacks, complete sprinkler system, intercom system, fire alarm system, deeded parking space.
Purchase this studio for only $289,000! That's a very reasonable price of only $141 a square foot! This is as low as this special unit will ever go. And a great investment in your future. This studio was originally on the market in 2007 at $419,000!
For more complete information, including elevations and full floorplans, and to see the great work of Studio B's Steve Locke from the Globe Magazine article, and other views, news about the area, etc., you may go to the site at freewebs.com, and phil manker (www.freewebs.com/philmanker). You can also see this studio on ArtistLink, using its artspacefinder. Remarkably, the huge volume of space which already comes with many levels, and special features, can have even more space built into it, at an added cost. There is incredible natural light, and fresh air, pouring in through the 3 huge 8'x8' glass doors, the 6 skylights, and the 3 Anderson windows.
The building itself has a large common area, with a multi-level, 26'H, gallery space for exhibitions, events. Entrances are handicapped accessible. Additions, and changes, to further customize the space, such as mezzanines, walls to create separate bedrooms, or workspaces, are easily doable.
Hyde Park is an attractive, emerging community, with great transportation, food stores, and restaurants. It is Mayor Menino's home town.
Detailed plans show all the wonderful spaces, the roof deck, river deck, glass doors, solid birch kitchen cabinetry,
STUDIO IS AVAILABLE TO PURCHASE AT $289,000-
Design/ Production of ARTIST'S LIVE/WORK SPACES murals + furniture + exhibits + retail displays + signage + light fixtures + architectural details
philmanker@comcast.net
Boston
617-696-0259
What a terrific party that made a huge impact on Kids Need to Read! Here are my photos from the Phoenix Fan Fusion and Blue Ribbon Army’s “Rocket's Rad 80's Party- 2.0.” As you might recall, the original 80’s party, the proceeds of which benefited KNTR, was canceled during Phoenix Comic Fest due to the malfunctioning fire alarm system in the convention center. Well, at the Rocket's Rad 80's Party-2.0 KNTR was presented a check for $7,500 from the Arizona Lottery! That donation combined with donations online and at the party totaled over $10k for Kids Need to Read. We are so grateful for everyone who contributed: Square Egg Entertainment (Phoenix Fan Fusion), Blue Ribbon Army, Arizona Lottery, Phoenix Convention Center, The Park, Noah's Arcade, Ash10 Nicole, Heroes United AZ, and all the people who contributed online or in person and came to dance the night away!
Since I’ve been seeing all your faces each year from these event, I feel like I know you even though I don’t. So next time you see me, introduce yourself and flag me down for a picture! Note, I usually don’t take pictures of folks at tables since I don’t want to intrude, but if you want a picture of yourself or your group—flag me down. I’m happy to take those shots too!
©AVucha 2014
A 30-year-old Cary man was safely escorted from a neighborhood residence and to a hospital after he barricaded himself from a large police contingent for roughly four hours Wednesday.
Cary Police Deputy Chief James Fillmore said the man, who was threatening to harm himself and "under a lot of emotional stress," was taken to Centegra Hospital-McHenry at 3:12 p.m. after first responders arrived on the scene at Hillhurst Drive at 11 a.m. The man was unarmed and no one was hurt during the situation, Fillmore said.
The man had climbed into the garage attic and refused to come down for family members, police said.
Fillmore said no charges would be filed in the incident. Fillmore said police have responded to domestic disturbances at the home on the 300 block of Hillhurst Drive several times in the past.
The four-hour operation required a heavy police presence that included officers from Cary, Streamwood, Round Lake, Roselle, Fox River Grove and other municipalities. On scene, marked and unmarked vehicles lined the surrounding streets, and armed, vested officers, including K9 units, were seen walking toward the residence.
A large Northern Illinois Police Alarm System vehicle also was on scene. Cary Police blocked off a square area from Decker Drive to Hillhurst Drive bordered by Bryan and Bell drives. School bus routes were also redirected because of the situation.
The incident comes within a week of a Holiday Hills man shooting and wounding two McHenry County Sheriff’s officers. That incident led to an even larger police response as a 16-hour manhunt ensued before Scott B. Peters was arrested and charged with shooting the officers.
*Article obtained from the Northwest Herald
(for further information or pictures please go to the end of page and click on the link!)
The Congregation of the Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
The Congregation of the Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was founded in 1866 by Abbè Peter Victor Brown in Paris.
On the advice of Baron Jaromir Mundy (one of the later founders of the Vienna Ambulance Company), Viennese medical officer and Maltese, who the Sacred Heart sisters became to know and to appreciate during the Franco-German war in a military hospital, summoned the then head of the Rudolf Foundation (Rudolfstifting), Mr. Director Boehm, the Sacred Heart sisters for nursing to Vienna in his hospital.
1873 arrived 13 sisters in Vienna and began their ministry to the sick. Due to the increasing number of sisters the construction of today's mother house (the provincial house at the time) in 1890 in the Keinergasse became necessary. This building which houses the oldest part of the hospital is now a protected monument, as well as church, monastery and "school".
1906 the Sacred Heart Church was consecrated and was followed in 1931 by the opening of the school building with day-care center (kindergarten and nursery).
During World War Second were confiscated all nonessential rooms of the Convent of the Wehrmacht for a military hospital. Our sisters took over the care of the wounded soldiers. From this institution was established in 1945 the private Sacred Heart Hospital (now 141 beds).
In 1989 the staff residence has been given over to its purpose, and 11 years later, in the holy year 2000, followed the tract in the Rabengasse, which is equipped with an interdisciplinary monitoring unit.
According to the motto "serve in love", the sisters, since the founding of the Congregation, make all possible efforts in order to guarantee the welfare of the children, sick and elderly.
Order and hospital chronicle at a glance
1866 - Founded Abbé Victor Brown, a priest from Lorraine, the Congregation of the Servants of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus. The sisters took care of the poor, abandoned, old and sick people and of neglected children.
1873 - 13 sisters come to Vienna in the Rudolf Foundation for the care of the sick and home nursing.
1874 - Opening of a branch in Gainfarn (Lower Austria) with the take-over of a children's home (Kinderbewahranstalt).
1875 - Sisters from the London house come to Vienna. Acquisition of Crown Prince Rudolf Children's Hospital.
1877 - Appeal of the sisters to St. Anna Children's Hospital/Vienna.
1879 - Acquisition of the house as the first property in Vienna, which is now the provincial house in Austria. Establishment of the first novitiate in Austria
1880 - Takeover of the nursing service in the Epidemic hospital, Triesterstraße/Vienna.
1883 - The sisters are appointed to the by the Countess Malfatti founded St. Josefs-Greisenasyl/Wien (old age asylum).
1884 - The nursing service in the community hospital Bad Vöslau is transferred to the sisters.
1886 - Due to the growth of the sisters, new acquisition of a larger provincial house in Vienna/Ober St. Veit, Himmelhof.
1888 - Takeover of the nursing service in the Kaiser-Franz -Josef Hospital/Vienna and the Wiedner Hospital/Vienna.
1890 - Laying of the foundation stone of the new provincial house in the Keinergasse/Vienna.
Vocation of the Sisters to the Nursing Institute Confraternität.
1892 - Takeover of the municipal poorhouse Scheibbs/Lower Austria and opening of a needlework school.
1893 - Opening of a needlework school and a kindergarten in the Mother House.
1896 - Establishment of a branch in Gaweinstal/Lower Austria .
1897 - Takeover of nursing in Inquisitenspital/Vienna.
1898 - Care of plague victims in the Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital.
1899 - Takeover of nursing in the General Hospital/Vienna.
1900 - Extension of the Mother House
1904 - Ground-breaking ceremony of the Sacred Heart Church in the 3rd District of Vienna. Commencement of operations in the poor house and in kindergarten in Kallwang/Styria.
1905 - Takeover of care in the poor house/Laa an der Thaya/Lower Austria. Inauguration of the extension of the Mother House on the Landstraßer Hauptstrasse/Vienna.
1906 - Inauguration of the Sacred Heart Church, Vienna.
1907
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1912 - Founding of several branches throughout Austria.
1911
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1913 - During this time, nurses are in Serbia at the war front.
1914 - Takeover of Preyerschen Children's Hospital in the 10th District of Vienna.
1919 - Establishment of a day-care center in the Mother House. Opening of an evening home for girls as young as 14 years. Acquisition of a recovery house in Niederhollabrunn.
1926 - State recognition of the trade school in the Mother House.
1932 - Death of the Superior, Chancellor Dr. Seipel.
1934 - Takeover of care in the General Army Hospital/Vienna. Purchase of a recovery house in St. Reginald/Krems.
1938 - Nazi Party seizes the school building. Expulsion of the Sisters of the kindergartens in Austria and Germany.
1939 - Second World War. By the Nazi Party follows the confiscation of the monastery. In the Mother House establishment of a military hospital. Care of the wounded in hospitals and sick bays.
1944 - In air raids on Vienna the Mother House was bombed. Two sisters killed, church and a part of the house badly damaged. In the bombing of the Franz-Josef-Spital killed five sisters.
1945 - End of war. At the Mother House follows the re-designation of the Reserve Military Hospital into the Sacred Heart Hospital. Reopening of kindergartens and day-care center in the Mother House.
1946 - Reconstruction of the Mother House.
1956 - 50th jubilee of its existence of the Sacred Heart Church.
1966 - The last sisters leave the Rudolf Foundation, in which the activity has begun in Vienna.
1970 - Inauguration of the new Austrian Province House in Mödling.
1971 - Annex to Sacred Heart Hospital.
1973 - 100 years Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Vienna.
1988 - Construction of a personal residence.
1990 - First CT in a small hospital.
1991 - Clinic for Physical Therapy.
1992 - Orthopaedic Department (only department in the 3rd district)
1993 - Surgical Outpatient Clinic/Department of Conservative orthopedics.
1994 - Annex to Sacred Heart Hospital.
1995 - Renovation of the kitchen of the hospital and 50-year anniversary.
1997 - Bed elevator Keinergasse.
1999 - Spin-off and conversion into a limited company.
2000 - Annex Rabengasse (new surgical classification).
2001 - Geriatrics (only department in the 3rd district).
2003 - Annex for electric supply.
2004 - Official recognition of four interdisciplinary monitoring beds after 30 years of voluntary service. Fire alarm system throughout the hospital.
2005 - Operation Room 3.
2006 - Operation Room 1 + 2. Completion of conversion of all departments.
2007 Integration into the Vincent Group.
Is your home a safe place to live in? If ask you a question like this, you are bound to find it pretty irrelevant because the time you call it your home, you are sure that you are safe. Now, what if I were to ask you, is your home safe – especially when you are not at home?
At Zeus, www.axrppl.com/smarthomes_villaments_luxuryhomes.html every villament is equipped with Smart Home Technology. Harmoniously bringing together the charm of the old with convenience of the new. Enabling the smart networking of all digital appliances together with super-high speed internet and artificial intelligence. Providing you with an unparalleled and futuristic living culture that is bound to impress even the gods.
Increasingly senior citizens, especially those living on their own, are becoming targets of crime. The number of house thefts has gone up; women staying alone for their careers in urban areas are also prime targets. Can you really feel secure is such an environment? Are your house, your family, and your grandparents really safe when you are not a home?
While a double door and a watchman are a few measures, they cannot be entirely relied upon. Today’s criminals have found techniques to surpass all these. Today it is imperative to install a home security system for the following reasons;
Peace of Mind: The variety, flexibility and high – tech features offered by today’s security systems make it possible to cover concerns beyond breaking and entering. One can be aware of instances taking place at home when in office or on tours.
Emergency notification: These systems typically include an alarm that alerts you in case of any untoward incident, such as fires.
Safety of belongings: Installing a camera is really recommended if you keep valuables in your house.
Some home security systems you can install
Intrusion Alarm System:
These usually consist of a Main Panel, Magnetic Contact and Hooter. The magnetic door sensor can be attached to doors and glass break detectors on windows. These detectors sense break-in via doors/windows and sends a message to the main panel which in turn triggers the hooter, which acts a deterrent to whoever attempts to break in. Systems such as Glass Break Detectors, Gas Leak and Fire detectors are some examples. The IAS systems can also be connected to Central Monitoring Stations via telephone lines.
CCTV Video Cameras/Video Surveillance System: Depending upon how large and valuable your property is, one may want security cameras installed inside and outside. The images captured by security cameras can be recorded on Digital Video Recorders and played back. Technological enhancements have also enabled viewing of images over cell phones, tablets and desktops.
Fingerprint Door Locks: These systems ensure that only those persons whose fingerprints are registered in the system can operate the locks.
Video Door Phones: It is a device where a camera is installed outside the door and the display monitoring placed inside. It also has a speaker phone where a person standing inside the house can see the person standing outside and also converse with him. The major highlight of this system is that it comes with a night vision that enables the person inside the house to see what is happening outside the door even when it is dark. VDPs can also be connected to electronic door locks can be used to open doors remotely.
Systems backed by central monitoring system
These are security packages backed by a Monitoring Facility as well. In this case, activities are monitored by a Central Monitoring Station (CMS) that keeps your home under 24X7 surveillance for a minimal monthly charge. The best feature in these packages is the “Panic Button”. In case of any emergency, the person inside the house can pres a panic button and avail instant help from the response centre. The system is best suited if there is an elderly person or children at home. What next? What are the things that you should consider while buying a Home Security system?
Site Survey
It is important to determine your exact needs after a thorough survey of the area. While installing Home Security systems you need to determine the exact number of doors and windows that would be protected with detectors. You should try to protect every entry / exit of the house that could be vulnerable. Efficient security companies will always under take a site survey before recommending anything. If you are unsure about your exact requirements, you should ideally approach companies which offer a site survey before installation.
Location of the control panel
Home alarms systems have a Control Panel and a Keypad that control the entire set-up. The control panel commands the entire security system and the keypad allows the owners to program the system, like when to automatically turn it on, for instance, keypads can be used to turn the system off during false alarms and on during emergency situations.
Determining the location of the keypad is an important factor. Some people like to place it near the main entrance close to the front door whereas some like to place it in the master bedroom for ease of operation during the night and other such times.
Hardwired or wireless home alarms
Another important thing to determine is whether you want Hardwired or Wireless Home alarms. Hardwired alarms are advised to e installed when the house is under construction. Wireless alarms are easier to install as they do not require wiring and communicate through sensors. However, in both case, determining the distance of all the doors and windows to be integrated into the alarm system, from each other, as well as the control panel and keypad, is important. Hence expert advice from a security solutions provider is needed for a customized system to suit your home.
Customisation
In security, the golden rule – “ One size fits all” doesn’t work. Thorough research before buying is a must. One should have a complete understanding about the fine print instead of just going by many of the bargain-priced security packages. Things that look simple bases may actually needs is to get an onsite assessment done by a home system representative. It is advised to avoid such purchases without an expert opinion.
While security systems are a way to ensure additional protection for you home, proactive measures cannot be ruled out completely. Informing your security company if you are going to be away for some time, keeping your neighbours informed, checking the battery of your alarm system, and keeping your valuables in a safe are advisable.
At AXR Properties we believe our people to be our greatest asset. AXR comprises of a team of dedicated professionals committed to constantly create excellence. Driven by passion and motivated by the will to excel, their collective expertise is sure to create many memorable milestones in the near future.
For more details please visit www.axrppl.com
AXR Properties Pvt. Ltd.
4th Floor, SBI Building, Centre Point,
26-A, Electronic City, Hosur Road,
Bangalore-560 100.
T: 080-40950555
M: 9845380188
E: info@axrppl.com
TEIGN C Damen Stan 1405
IMO: - N/A
MMSI: 235082804
Call Sign: MWBM9
AIS Vessel Type: Dredger
GENERAL
DAMEN YARD NUMBER: 503705
Avelingen-West 20
4202 MS Gorinchem
The Netherlands
Phone: +31 (0)183 63 99 11
info@damen.com
DELIVERY DATE August 2001
BASIC FUNCTIONS Towing, mooring, pushing and dredging operations
FLAG United Kingdom [GB]
OWNED Teignmouth Harbour Commission
CASSCATION: Bureau Veritas 1 HULL MACH Seagoing Launch
DIMENSIONS
LENGTH 14.40 m
BEAM 4.73 m
DEPTH AT SIDES 205 m
DRAUGHT AFT 171 m
DISPLACEMENT 48 ton
TANK CAPACITIES
Fuel oil 6.9 m³
PERFORMANCES (TRIALS)
BOLLARD PULL AHEAD 8.0 ton
SPEED 9.8 knots
PROPULSION SYSTEM
MAIN ENGINE 2x Caterpillar 3406C TA/A
TOTAL POWER 477 bmW (640i hp) at 1800 rpm
GEARBOX 2x Twin Disc MG 5091/3.82:1
PROPELLERS Bronze fixed pitch propeller
KORT NOZZELS Van de Giessen 2x 1000 mm with stainless steel innerings
ENGINE CONTROL Kobelt
STEERING GEAR 2x 25 mm single plate Powered hydraulic 2x 45, rudder indicator
AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
BILGE PUMP Sterling SIH 20, 32 m/hr
BATTERY SETS 2x 24V, 200 Ah + change over facility
COOLING SYSTEM Closed cooling system
ALARM SYSTEM Engines, gearboxes and bilge alarms
FRESH WATER PRESSURE SET Speck 24V
DECK LAY-OUT
ANCHORS 2x 48 kg Pool (HHP)
CHAIN 70 m, Ø 13mm, shortlink U2
ANCHOR WINCH Hand-operated
TOWING HOOK Mampaey, 15.3 ton SWL
COUPLING WINCH
PUSHBOW Cylindrical nubber fender Ø 380 mm
ACCOMMODATION
The wheelhouse ceiling and sides are insulated with mineral wool and
panelled. The wheelhouse floor is covered with rubber/synthetic floor
covering, make Bolidt, color blue The wheelhouse has one
helmsman seat, a bench and table with chair Below deck two berths, a
kitchen unit and a toilet space are arranged.
NAUTICAL AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
SEARCHLIGHT Den Haan 170 W 24 V
VHF RADIO Sailor RT 2048 25 W
NAVIGATION Navigation lights incl towing and pilot lights
Teignmouth Harbour Commission
The Harbour Commission is a Trust Port created by Statute.
The principal Order is the Teignmouth Harbour Order 1924
as amended by the Teignmouth Harbour Revision Order 2003
Defense Support Program (DSP) satellites have provided the U.S. Air Force with early warning of ballistic missile launches or above ground nuclear detonations since 1970. This 35-foot-long structural test vehicle includes the infrared sensor Trailblazer component without the associated electronics. Structural test vehicles are full-sized units used to verify that all the components fit together correctly.
In response to the growing threat from nuclear armed Soviet and Chinese ballistic missiles in the 1960s, the U.S. Air Force developed the DSP in great secrecy to replace the space-based infrared Missile Defense Alarm System (MiDAS). A Titan IIIC rocket carried the first DSP satellite, built by TRW (now Northrop Grumman), into orbit on Nov. 6, 1970. Weighing 2,000 pounds, it contained 2,000 infrared detectors that could identify the thermal radiation from rocket engine exhaust plumes of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) and submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM).
Over nearly 40 years, the DSP satellites underwent numerous improvements to improve their survivability and accuracy, and they added the capability to identify nuclear explosions in support of test ban monitoring. After the Cold War ended, the DSP satellites demonstrated additional flexibility. DSP satellites detected Iraqi Scud missile launches during OPERATION DESERT STORM, and scientists used DSP infrared sensors as part of an early warning system for natural disasters like volcanic eruptions and forest fires.
The USAF placed a total of 23 DSP satellites into orbit with a variety of launch platforms. The first satellites went atop Titan III and IV launch vehicles. The National Museum of the U.S. Air Force has a Titan IV launch vehicle in storage and will place it on display in the future space gallery. The sixteenth satellite, DSP-16, was carried into space aboard NASA's Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis in November 1991. The twenty-third and final DSP satellite was also the first operational satellite carried aloft by the Boeing Delta IV Heavy Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) in December 2007. This satellite weighed almost 5,300 pounds and could accommodate 6,000 detectors.
The DSP structural test vehicle on display came to the museum from Northrop Grumman in August 2010.
What a terrific party that made a huge impact on Kids Need to Read! Here are my photos from the Phoenix Fan Fusion and Blue Ribbon Army’s “Rocket's Rad 80's Party- 2.0.” As you might recall, the original 80’s party, the proceeds of which benefited KNTR, was canceled during Phoenix Comic Fest due to the malfunctioning fire alarm system in the convention center. Well, at the Rocket's Rad 80's Party-2.0 KNTR was presented a check for $7,500 from the Arizona Lottery! That donation combined with donations online and at the party totaled over $10k for Kids Need to Read. We are so grateful for everyone who contributed: Square Egg Entertainment (Phoenix Fan Fusion), Blue Ribbon Army, Arizona Lottery, Phoenix Convention Center, The Park, Noah's Arcade, Ash10 Nicole, Heroes United AZ, and all the people who contributed online or in person and came to dance the night away!
Since I’ve been seeing all your faces each year from these event, I feel like I know you even though I don’t. So next time you see me, introduce yourself and flag me down for a picture! Note, I usually don’t take pictures of folks at tables since I don’t want to intrude, but if you want a picture of yourself or your group—flag me down. I’m happy to take those shots too!
Rover Systems -Crime Statistics
Rover Systems believes that nothing else matters than the safety of the things that are significant and essential to you. Every person has varying concerns when it comes to safety, it could be the safety of your home, business, work place, educational institutions and most importantly the protection of our loved ones.
With this we all must acknowledge the fact that we bear some of the responsibility for making our environment safe, and safety is thinking about other people, too.
You will find many unsafe conditions in your daily life, in the US the following crimes are highlighted while the clock ticks:
•ROBBERY every 60 seconds
•MURDER Every 31 minutes.
•FORCIBLE RAPE every 1.9 minutes.
•CHILD ABUSED or neglected every 35 seconds!
•CAR / TRAFFIC ACCIDENT every 40 minutes
•BATTERED WOMAN every 52 seconds;
•PROPERTY CRIME every 9 seconds.
•Elderly person falls victim to a VIOLENT CRIME every 4 minutes
What is more, the Philippines was ranked as top 47 out of 82 countries when it comes to crime rates, United States ranked as top 1.
Alarming but true, and there's never a total absence of risks/crimes in our lives. Risks can be involuntary and voluntary actions and can be managed. Emergencies can be met and handled, but it takes know-how and constant awareness.
But what you can't prevent, you can usually compensate for or protect against
Thus, we have a lot of ways on how to ensure safety of the people around us and other things that matters to us. Simple and even traditional ways like being aware of home safety dangers can mean a lot. For an instance, just by keeping your doors locked; raising pets specially dogs who are famously known as companions but at the same time noise makers and territorial. These are indeed practical problem-solving approaches.
Fortunately, modern times provides us the advantage to combat such difficulties and anxieties that may arise from the sense of feeling unsafe, Rover Systems Product Line-up optimistically responds and is committed to meet these demands. We have become one of the world’s leading provider of a wide range and state-of-the-art Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) Systems. Our major aim is to provide electronic security solution to all households, small businesses, large industries such as educational facilities, airports, hospitals and the like. Our highly trained personnels provides quality supports & services for our customer’s satisfaction. We are a highly diversified and aggressive company engaged in the design and supply of CCTV Cameras and other Security Systems.
Simple Menu Alarm System Wireless S110
1)GSM Home Alarm system
2) Watchdog Guardian Alarm
3) 16 Wireless + 8 Wired Alarm Zones
4) Home DIY security alarm
5) Two-way intercom alarm
6)2 Output Relay,LCD display
7)Top quanlity GSM Alarm system!
Wireless GSM Home Security Alarm system S110 with LCD display and easy install.Had 16 wireless alarm zones and 8 wired zones.
(for further information or pictures please go to the end of page and click on the link!)
The Congregation of the Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
The Congregation of the Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was founded in 1866 by Abbè Peter Victor Brown in Paris.
On the advice of Baron Jaromir Mundy (one of the later founders of the Vienna Ambulance Company), Viennese medical officer and Maltese, who the Sacred Heart sisters became to know and to appreciate during the Franco-German war in a military hospital, summoned the then head of the Rudolf Foundation (Rudolfstifting), Mr. Director Boehm, the Sacred Heart sisters for nursing to Vienna in his hospital.
1873 arrived 13 sisters in Vienna and began their ministry to the sick. Due to the increasing number of sisters the construction of today's mother house (the provincial house at the time) in 1890 in the Keinergasse became necessary. This building which houses the oldest part of the hospital is now a protected monument, as well as church, monastery and "school".
1906 the Sacred Heart Church was consecrated and was followed in 1931 by the opening of the school building with day-care center (kindergarten and nursery).
During World War Second were confiscated all nonessential rooms of the Convent of the Wehrmacht for a military hospital. Our sisters took over the care of the wounded soldiers. From this institution was established in 1945 the private Sacred Heart Hospital (now 141 beds).
In 1989 the staff residence has been given over to its purpose, and 11 years later, in the holy year 2000, followed the tract in the Rabengasse, which is equipped with an interdisciplinary monitoring unit.
According to the motto "serve in love", the sisters, since the founding of the Congregation, make all possible efforts in order to guarantee the welfare of the children, sick and elderly.
Order and hospital chronicle at a glance
1866 - Founded Abbé Victor Brown, a priest from Lorraine, the Congregation of the Servants of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus. The sisters took care of the poor, abandoned, old and sick people and of neglected children.
1873 - 13 sisters come to Vienna in the Rudolf Foundation for the care of the sick and home nursing.
1874 - Opening of a branch in Gainfarn (Lower Austria) with the take-over of a children's home (Kinderbewahranstalt).
1875 - Sisters from the London house come to Vienna. Acquisition of Crown Prince Rudolf Children's Hospital.
1877 - Appeal of the sisters to St. Anna Children's Hospital/Vienna.
1879 - Acquisition of the house as the first property in Vienna, which is now the provincial house in Austria. Establishment of the first novitiate in Austria
1880 - Takeover of the nursing service in the Epidemic hospital, Triesterstraße/Vienna.
1883 - The sisters are appointed to the by the Countess Malfatti founded St. Josefs-Greisenasyl/Wien (old age asylum).
1884 - The nursing service in the community hospital Bad Vöslau is transferred to the sisters.
1886 - Due to the growth of the sisters, new acquisition of a larger provincial house in Vienna/Ober St. Veit, Himmelhof.
1888 - Takeover of the nursing service in the Kaiser-Franz -Josef Hospital/Vienna and the Wiedner Hospital/Vienna.
1890 - Laying of the foundation stone of the new provincial house in the Keinergasse/Vienna.
Vocation of the Sisters to the Nursing Institute Confraternität.
1892 - Takeover of the municipal poorhouse Scheibbs/Lower Austria and opening of a needlework school.
1893 - Opening of a needlework school and a kindergarten in the Mother House.
1896 - Establishment of a branch in Gaweinstal/Lower Austria .
1897 - Takeover of nursing in Inquisitenspital/Vienna.
1898 - Care of plague victims in the Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital.
1899 - Takeover of nursing in the General Hospital/Vienna.
1900 - Extension of the Mother House
1904 - Ground-breaking ceremony of the Sacred Heart Church in the 3rd District of Vienna. Commencement of operations in the poor house and in kindergarten in Kallwang/Styria.
1905 - Takeover of care in the poor house/Laa an der Thaya/Lower Austria. Inauguration of the extension of the Mother House on the Landstraßer Hauptstrasse/Vienna.
1906 - Inauguration of the Sacred Heart Church, Vienna.
1907
-
1912 - Founding of several branches throughout Austria.
1911
-
1913 - During this time, nurses are in Serbia at the war front.
1914 - Takeover of Preyerschen Children's Hospital in the 10th District of Vienna.
1919 - Establishment of a day-care center in the Mother House. Opening of an evening home for girls as young as 14 years. Acquisition of a recovery house in Niederhollabrunn.
1926 - State recognition of the trade school in the Mother House.
1932 - Death of the Superior, Chancellor Dr. Seipel.
1934 - Takeover of care in the General Army Hospital/Vienna. Purchase of a recovery house in St. Reginald/Krems.
1938 - Nazi Party seizes the school building. Expulsion of the Sisters of the kindergartens in Austria and Germany.
1939 - Second World War. By the Nazi Party follows the confiscation of the monastery. In the Mother House establishment of a military hospital. Care of the wounded in hospitals and sick bays.
1944 - In air raids on Vienna the Mother House was bombed. Two sisters killed, church and a part of the house badly damaged. In the bombing of the Franz-Josef-Spital killed five sisters.
1945 - End of war. At the Mother House follows the re-designation of the Reserve Military Hospital into the Sacred Heart Hospital. Reopening of kindergartens and day-care center in the Mother House.
1946 - Reconstruction of the Mother House.
1956 - 50th jubilee of its existence of the Sacred Heart Church.
1966 - The last sisters leave the Rudolf Foundation, in which the activity has begun in Vienna.
1970 - Inauguration of the new Austrian Province House in Mödling.
1971 - Annex to Sacred Heart Hospital.
1973 - 100 years Servants of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Vienna.
1988 - Construction of a personal residence.
1990 - First CT in a small hospital.
1991 - Clinic for Physical Therapy.
1992 - Orthopaedic Department (only department in the 3rd district)
1993 - Surgical Outpatient Clinic/Department of Conservative orthopedics.
1994 - Annex to Sacred Heart Hospital.
1995 - Renovation of the kitchen of the hospital and 50-year anniversary.
1997 - Bed elevator Keinergasse.
1999 - Spin-off and conversion into a limited company.
2000 - Annex Rabengasse (new surgical classification).
2001 - Geriatrics (only department in the 3rd district).
2003 - Annex for electric supply.
2004 - Official recognition of four interdisciplinary monitoring beds after 30 years of voluntary service. Fire alarm system throughout the hospital.
2005 - Operation Room 3.
2006 - Operation Room 1 + 2. Completion of conversion of all departments.
2007 Integration into the Vincent Group.