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For the test film of the Jupiter-9 lens I mounted it on the Leningrad camera (see below for detail about the lens and the camera). The lens was fitted with a generic yellow filter (screw-on 49mm) and a generic cylindrical metal shade hood designed for a 50mm lens. By safety, a lens cap fitted on the hood (55mm) was also used to protect the shutter curtains from an accidental sun burning (I forgot twice to remove the cap before shooting...)
I loaded the Leningrad with a Rollei RPX 400 film exposed for 250 ISO to compensate the absorption of the yellow filter. The light metering was done using a Minolta Autometer III with the 10° viewer for selective metering privileging the shadows areas.
The viewer of the Leningrad has build-in frame for the 85mm and is fully compensated for the parallax error.
View Nr. : 1/--s f/-- focusing @ -- m
February 17, 2025
69003 Lyon
France
After completion, the film was rewound and processed using 350 mL of Adox Adonal (Agfa Rodinal) developer prepared at the dilution 1+25 for 12min15 at 20°C.
Digitizing was made using a Sony A7 camera (ILCE-7, 24MP) fitted to a Minolta Auto Bellows III with the Minolta slide duplication accessory and Minolta Macro Bellow lens 1:3.5 f=50mm. The diffuse light source was a LED panel CineStill Cine-lite.
The RAW files obtained were inverted within the latest version available of Adobe Lightroom Classic (version 14.2) and edited to the final jpeg pictures without intermediate file. They are presented either as printer files with a frame or the full size JPEG's together with some documentary smartphone color pictures.
About the camera :
After several months, my local repair shop gave up to repair my first exemplary of Leningrad camera. I got that GOMZ Leningrad for less than the price of the lens (50€) a year ago (February 24, 2024, flic.kr/s/aHBqjBftyP) at the monthly collector meeting in Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, near Lyon, France. I looked then again for a working one.
Leningrad’s are fascinating Russian range-finder 35mm camera’s produced in Leningrad (USSR) / Saint-Petersburg, from 1956 to 1968 at about 76.000 units. It is not really a rare camera but appears only from time-to-time in the classical collector’s networks.
The Leningrad camera project was developed by GOMZ company (ГОМЗ, Государственный оптико-механический завод, Ленинград = Gosularstvennyi Optiko-Mekhanicheskii Zavod =State Optical-Mechanical Factory), Leningrad, USSR. The Leningrad ’s were constructed to a very high degree of precision and likely the most advanced rangefinder ever made at that time in Russia. At the 1958 World Exposition in Brussels, the Leningrad was awarded the "Grand Prix de Bruxelles”. Modified Leningrads were also used in the Soviet space program. In addition to a complex parallax-compensated multi-focal (for 3.5, 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm) collimated system, the camera has a built-in spring-powered mechanical motor for an automated film advance after each view taken. The Leningrad mounts the 39mm Leica-type thread lenses, especially of the Jupiter series of lens derived of classical Carl Zeiss lenses designed for the Contax (Biogon 3.5cm and Sonnar’s 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm).
In 1965, GOMZ became LOMO ( ЛОМО, Ленинградское oптико-механическое oбъединение (Leningradskoïe Optiko-Mekhanitcheskoïe Obiedinienie) that is still existing, producing instrumental optical devices (www.lomo.ru).
On eBay, I focused on a LOMO Leningrad year 1965 in working condition but without the original film plate. I got the camera for 130€ including the leather bag and a standard lens Jupiter-8 1:2 f=5cm. The seller adapted cleanly a different film plate that looked to work, but my idea was to use the camera back of my faulty Leningrad. This film plate may a precision glass plate special designed for optimum film transport and optical planarity. I received my new Leningrad on January 31, 2025 in good condition.
After a very careful inspection and a detailled cleaning, I decided to make a test film using a FOMAPAN 200 black-and-white film. On the Leningrad it is said that there is absolutely no way to check the correct film advance during the shooting session. The rewind should not be up since the mechanical forces induced would be too high for the spring-powered spooling barrel. The film should be also in a quality not too tight film cartridge and should be checked before use. This stressful machine should be manipulated with maximum care when not familiar with it.
About the lens Jupiter-9:
New in my collection in Feb. 2025, this very popular lens Jupiter-9 1:2.8 f=85mm for my Zorki’s and Leningrad camera’s. The lens was produced in 1978 by the LZOS company (Лыткаринский завод Оптического Стекла , Lytkarino Zavod Optychisovo Sticklo) located in Lytkarino (about 100 km Noth to Moscow).
I sourced a clean exemplary in Germany at regular price given the popularity of the Jupiter-9 (170€) with the Leica 39mm thread mount, front and rear caps plus the lens black storage canister. The lens is popular especially among videographers due to its peculiar bokeh and perfectly round shaped diaphragm made of 15 blades.
Originally, the Jupiter 9 is based on the design of the Carl Zeiss Sonnar designed for the Zeiss Ikon Contax in the years 1930’s. Production began in USSR in 1948, when the lens was initially called the ЗК-85 (Sonnar Kransogorsk) and it was assembled using mostly German parts in Contax/Kiev mount. The lens was also adapted to Zorki (M39) mount to fit the Zorki cameras early in production It appears, for both Zorki and Kiev mount, in a 1949 catalogue. By 1951 the name changes to Jupiter 9 (Юпитер-9). The lens has seven glass elements in three groups; a single glass at the front, and two cemented groups of three. All versions of the lens are coated. It was made by the KMZ (Красногорский механический завод, Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod) and LZOS factories, in Leica 39 mm thread mount for Fed and Zorki rangefinders, but originally it was a Contax bayonet used in Kiev cameras. Jupiter-9 lenses were also made at the Arsenal factory in Ukraine, for Kiev rangefinders,but initially released as KMZ. It was later adapted for M42-mount Zenit SLR cameras, with an M24×1 thread mount.
Wetlands are biodiversity rich sensitive ecosystems that harbor hundreds of plants, insects, birds and other animals uniquely adapted to their wetland mode of life.They are crucial to maintain the regional water balance through ground water recharge and absorption of flood waters and also serve as the rice bowl of developing countries. Nevertheless, wetlands play immense role in the socio-economic and livelihood aspects of local communities living around the wetland. In India, rural communities depend wetland for livelihood through farming, mat making etc; for food through fishing and hunting; for roof thatching by collection of reeds and palm leaf ; for firewood; for fodder etc. However, these wetlands are now under a threat of conversion for big industrial and real estate projects, change in lifestyle of local community, over extraction of resources by increased population, pollution,waste dumping, eutrophication and pesticide farming. There are three important wetlands in the Puducherry region namely Oussudu, Bahour and Kaliveli that provide important resources for local communities and also are a home to tens of thousands of migratory birds that visit the Puducherry region in winter. These wetlands have been acknowledged as Important Bird Areas(IBAs) by IBCN, since many of these birds are represented in more than 1% of their global population.
The recent threat on wetlands of Puducherry is more due to the change in life style of local community living around these wetlands. The younger generation is not much dependent on wetland resources, The younger and modern generation has lost the compassion and bonding to the wetland which their forefathers maintained through sustainable livelihood practices. This has resulted in a change in attitude and perception of the community towards unsustainable farming and resource extraction, game hunting, intensive fishing and reclamation, ultimately resulting in shrinking of wetland area and loss of biodiversity at an alarming pace. Local community is leaving the traditional farming practices for more fertilizer and pesticide based farming; fish stock is depleted using invasive Gill nets. Since Puducherry is fast developing region with rapidly growing commercial tourism and industrial establishments, these wetlands are under the threat of reclamation for resort construction and other commercial establishments. Poaching for a sport as well as open selling of birds including the threatened species is common. School drop-out are noticed to get attracted to such practices to make easy money as well as hunting for a sport with peers. With time, they may grow into expert hunters who will depend on poaching as the main source of income for the family. There are many wetland awareness programs organized by Forest Department as well as NGOs targeting school kids and educated community through workshops. School drop-outs are often not specially targeted by any of such programs and often not brought under the ambit of such programs. This gap needs to be addressed for local conservation efforts to be fully effective. We have chosen birds as the umbrella species whose conservation will in turn protect the lake and biodiversity as a whole. Birds are attractive and beautiful; ,which may easily get compassion from drop-out kids if guided appropriately. With proper efforts, the poachers can be turned to protectors and expert tour guides to facilitate ecotourism.
Fluorescing Coral- Fluorescence is the absorption of one wavelength of light and the re-emission of another, a totally different colour. A fluorescent object under near UV light, it absorbs the blue and re-emits a fluorescent colour, brightly glowing in a totally different colour. - Raja Ampat, Dampier Strait, West Papua, Indonesia.
Wetlands are biodiversity rich sensitive ecosystems that harbor hundreds of plants, insects, birds and other animals uniquely adapted to their wetland mode of life.They are crucial to maintain the regional water balance through ground water recharge and absorption of flood waters and also serve as the rice bowl of developing countries. Nevertheless, wetlands play immense role in the socio-economic and livelihood aspects of local communities living around the wetland. In India, rural communities depend wetland for livelihood through farming, mat making etc; for food through fishing and hunting; for roof thatching by collection of reeds and palm leaf ; for firewood; for fodder etc. However, these wetlands are now under a threat of conversion for big industrial and real estate projects, change in lifestyle of local community, over extraction of resources by increased population, pollution,waste dumping, eutrophication and pesticide farming. There are three important wetlands in the Puducherry region namely Oussudu, Bahour and Kaliveli that provide important resources for local communities and also are a home to tens of thousands of migratory birds that visit the Puducherry region in winter. These wetlands have been acknowledged as Important Bird Areas(IBAs) by IBCN, since many of these birds are represented in more than 1% of their global population.
The recent threat on wetlands of Puducherry is more due to the change in life style of local community living around these wetlands. The younger generation is not much dependent on wetland resources, The younger and modern generation has lost the compassion and bonding to the wetland which their forefathers maintained through sustainable livelihood practices. This has resulted in a change in attitude and perception of the community towards unsustainable farming and resource extraction, game hunting, intensive fishing and reclamation, ultimately resulting in shrinking of wetland area and loss of biodiversity at an alarming pace. Local community is leaving the traditional farming practices for more fertilizer and pesticide based farming; fish stock is depleted using invasive Gill nets. Since Puducherry is fast developing region with rapidly growing commercial tourism and industrial establishments, these wetlands are under the threat of reclamation for resort construction and other commercial establishments. Poaching for a sport as well as open selling of birds including the threatened species is common. School drop-out are noticed to get attracted to such practices to make easy money as well as hunting for a sport with peers. With time, they may grow into expert hunters who will depend on poaching as the main source of income for the family. There are many wetland awareness programs organized by Forest Department as well as NGOs targeting school kids and educated community through workshops. School drop-outs are often not specially targeted by any of such programs and often not brought under the ambit of such programs. This gap needs to be addressed for local conservation efforts to be fully effective. We have chosen birds as the umbrella species whose conservation will in turn protect the lake and biodiversity as a whole. Birds are attractive and beautiful; ,which may easily get compassion from drop-out kids if guided appropriately. With proper efforts, the poachers can be turned to protectors and expert tour guides to facilitate ecotourism.
Extra shock absorption under the mount.
OK, I ride a bike. I have ridden bikes since about 1972 or so and have always used some method of calculating distance ridden, be it via a mechanical or electrical add-on or by simply estimating distance from a map. Electronic methods improved markedly from around 1980 and quickly became a fairly universal way to accurately measure distance, speed and some environmental variables like temperature. When heart rate monitors took off in the 1990s that became another useful data source for the bike racer or exercise enthusiast. More recently the ibike has put power measurement closer to a price point where serious club racers find it hard to say 'no'.
And now here is my new wireless ibike mount. So I have ditched wires. But I have also gained a few other tricks in the process, like an inbuilt HRM, a cadence sensor and the ability to estimate Watts expended whilst riding on the indoor trainer. It makes training more quantifiable.
A montage of Cassini images, taken in four different regions of the
spectrum from ultraviolet to near-infrared, demonstrates that there is
more to Saturn than meets the eye.
The pictures show the effects of absorption and scattering of light
at different wavelengths by both atmospheric gas and clouds of differing
heights and thicknesses. They also show absorption of light by colored
particles mixed with white ammonia clouds in the planet's atmosphere.
Contrast has been enhanced to aid visibility of the atmosphere.
Cassini's narrow-angle camera took these four images over a period of
20 minutes on April 3, 2004, when the spacecraft was 44.5 million
kilometers (27.7 million miles) from the planet. The image scale is
approximately 267 kilometers (166 miles) per pixel. All four images
show the same face of Saturn.
In the upper left image, Saturn is seen in ultraviolet wavelengths
(298 nanometers); at upper right, in visible blue wavelengths (440
nanometers); at lower left, in far red wavelengths just beyond the
visible-light spectrum (727 nanometers; and at lower right, in
near-infrared wavelengths (930 nanometers).
The sliver of light seen in the northern hemisphere appears bright
in the ultraviolet and blue (top images) and is nearly invisible at
longer wavelengths (bottom images). The clouds in this part of the
northern hemisphere are deep, and sunlight is illuminating only the
cloud-free upper atmosphere. The shorter wavelengths are consequently
scattered by the gas and make the illuminated atmosphere bright, while
the longer wavelengths are absorbed by methane.
Saturn's rings also appear noticeably different from image to image,
whose exposure times range from two to 46 seconds. The rings appear dark
in the 46-second ultraviolet image because they inherently reflect little
light at these wavelengths. The differences at other wavelengths are
mostly due to the differences in exposure times.
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the
European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,
manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science,
Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras, were
designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at
the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo.
For more information, about the Cassini-Huygens mission visit, saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/ and the Cassini
imaging team home page, ciclops.org/.
credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
Crews were removing the Energy Absorption "Stopgate" barriers installed at this crossing in the early 2000s (along with three other sets in Wisconsin) because they were nonstandard for railroad crossing use and a maintenance headache. New signal masts with normal gates were going in.
HIRST, Damien
United Kingdom b.1965
For the love of God, laugh
2007
Silkscreen print with glazes and diamond dust
on paper
ed. 105/250
100 x 75cm
Acc. 2008.332
Purchased 2008 with funds from the Estate of Lawrence F. King in memory of the late Mr and Mrs S.W. King through the Queensland Art Gallery Foundation
Sonata Class A rated Acoustic absorption panels are used within a wide variety of buildings to reduce reverberation and give a suitable acoustic environment. SRS are experts in the field of room acoustics and offer a complete service from specification to supply and install. www.soundreduction.co.uk/3se/
With the Mask of Absorption and his weapon, the Omnihammer, he set off on a journey to find the Toa and help them find Ekimu.
The Omnihammer was made from the very same element as his mask, which disintegrated into his face.
“Motion is everywhere we look, resulting in the absorption and expulsion of massive amounts of energy. In essence, motion is a visualization of the energies all around us. That’s the major theme of my work: the visualization of the energies in our city. Our city is alive with movement and the exchange of energy. With my photos I hope to convey but a small sense of that. I always strive to capture something more than just colours and sights with my photos, because I think there’s always something more beneath the surface. And in Toronto there’s always something more.”
“Motion is everywhere we look, resulting in the absorption and expulsion of massive amounts of energy. In essence, motion is a visualization of the energies all around us. That’s the major theme of my work: the visualization of the energies in our city. Our city is alive with movement and the exchange of energy. With my photos I hope to convey but a small sense of that. I always strive to capture something more than just colours and sights with my photos, because I think there’s always something more beneath the surface. And in Toronto there’s always something more.”
TECHNICIANS OPERATING THE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER IN THE ANALYTICAL LAB BUILDING
For more information or additional images, please contact 202-586-5251.
“Motion is everywhere we look, resulting in the absorption and expulsion of massive amounts of energy. In essence, motion is a visualization of the energies all around us. That’s the major theme of my work: the visualization of the energies in our city. Our city is alive with movement and the exchange of energy. With my photos I hope to convey but a small sense of that. I always strive to capture something more than just colours and sights with my photos, because I think there’s always something more beneath the surface. And in Toronto there’s always something more.”
For the test film of the Jupiter-9 lens I mounted it on the Leningrad camera (see below for detail about the lens and the camera). The lens was fitted with a generic yellow filter (screw-on 49mm) and a generic cylindrical metal shade hood designed for a 50mm lens. By safety, a lens cap fitted on the hood (55mm) was also used to protect the shutter curtains from an accidental sun burning (I forgot twice to remove the cap before shooting...)
I loaded the Leningrad with a Rollei RPX 400 film exposed for 250 ISO to compensate the absorption of the yellow filter. The light metering was done using a Minolta Autometer III with the 10° viewer for selective metering privileging the shadows areas.
The viewer of the Leningrad has build-in frame for the 85mm and is fully compensated for the parallax error.
View Nr. 10 : 1/500s f/8 focusing @ 12m
Les Quais du Rhône, February 17, 2025
Quai Victor Augagneur
69003 Lyon
France
After completion, the film was rewound and processed using 350 mL of Adox Adonal (Agfa Rodinal) developer prepared at the dilution 1+25 for 12min15 at 20°C.
Digitizing was made using a Sony A7 camera (ILCE-7, 24MP) fitted to a Minolta Auto Bellows III with the Minolta slide duplication accessory and Minolta Macro Bellow lens 1:3.5 f=50mm. The diffuse light source was a LED panel CineStill Cine-lite.
The RAW files obtained were inverted within the latest version available of Adobe Lightroom Classic (version 14.2) and edited to the final jpeg pictures without intermediate file. They are presented either as printer files with a frame or the full size JPEG's together with some documentary smartphone color pictures.
About the camera :
After several months, my local repair shop gave up to repair my first exemplary of Leningrad camera. I got that GOMZ Leningrad for less than the price of the lens (50€) a year ago (February 24, 2024, flic.kr/s/aHBqjBftyP) at the monthly collector meeting in Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, near Lyon, France. I looked then again for a working one.
Leningrad’s are fascinating Russian range-finder 35mm camera’s produced in Leningrad (USSR) / Saint-Petersburg, from 1956 to 1968 at about 76.000 units. It is not really a rare camera but appears only from time-to-time in the classical collector’s networks.
The Leningrad camera project was developed by GOMZ company (ГОМЗ, Государственный оптико-механический завод, Ленинград = Gosularstvennyi Optiko-Mekhanicheskii Zavod =State Optical-Mechanical Factory), Leningrad, USSR. The Leningrad ’s were constructed to a very high degree of precision and likely the most advanced rangefinder ever made at that time in Russia. At the 1958 World Exposition in Brussels, the Leningrad was awarded the "Grand Prix de Bruxelles”. Modified Leningrads were also used in the Soviet space program. In addition to a complex parallax-compensated multi-focal (for 3.5, 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm) collimated system, the camera has a built-in spring-powered mechanical motor for an automated film advance after each view taken. The Leningrad mounts the 39mm Leica-type thread lenses, especially of the Jupiter series of lens derived of classical Carl Zeiss lenses designed for the Contax (Biogon 3.5cm and Sonnar’s 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm).
In 1965, GOMZ became LOMO ( ЛОМО, Ленинградское oптико-механическое oбъединение (Leningradskoïe Optiko-Mekhanitcheskoïe Obiedinienie) that is still existing, producing instrumental optical devices (www.lomo.ru).
On eBay, I focused on a LOMO Leningrad year 1965 in working condition but without the original film plate. I got the camera for 130€ including the leather bag and a standard lens Jupiter-8 1:2 f=5cm. The seller adapted cleanly a different film plate that looked to work, but my idea was to use the camera back of my faulty Leningrad. This film plate may a precision glass plate special designed for optimum film transport and optical planarity. I received my new Leningrad on January 31, 2025 in good condition.
After a very careful inspection and a detailled cleaning, I decided to make a test film using a FOMAPAN 200 black-and-white film. On the Leningrad it is said that there is absolutely no way to check the correct film advance during the shooting session. The rewind should not be up since the mechanical forces induced would be too high for the spring-powered spooling barrel. The film should be also in a quality not too tight film cartridge and should be checked before use. This stressful machine should be manipulated with maximum care when not familiar with it.
About the lens Jupiter-9:
New in my collection in Feb. 2025, this very popular lens Jupiter-9 1:2.8 f=85mm for my Zorki’s and Leningrad camera’s. The lens was produced in 1978 by the LZOS company (Лыткаринский завод Оптического Стекла , Lytkarino Zavod Optychisovo Sticklo) located in Lytkarino (about 100 km Noth to Moscow).
I sourced a clean exemplary in Germany at regular price given the popularity of the Jupiter-9 (170€) with the Leica 39mm thread mount, front and rear caps plus the lens black storage canister. The lens is popular especially among videographers due to its peculiar bokeh and perfectly round shaped diaphragm made of 15 blades.
Originally, the Jupiter 9 is based on the design of the Carl Zeiss Sonnar designed for the Zeiss Ikon Contax in the years 1930’s. Production began in USSR in 1948, when the lens was initially called the ЗК-85 (Sonnar Kransogorsk) and it was assembled using mostly German parts in Contax/Kiev mount. The lens was also adapted to Zorki (M39) mount to fit the Zorki cameras early in production It appears, for both Zorki and Kiev mount, in a 1949 catalogue. By 1951 the name changes to Jupiter 9 (Юпитер-9). The lens has seven glass elements in three groups; a single glass at the front, and two cemented groups of three. All versions of the lens are coated. It was made by the KMZ (Красногорский механический завод, Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod) and LZOS factories, in Leica 39 mm thread mount for Fed and Zorki rangefinders, but originally it was a Contax bayonet used in Kiev cameras. Jupiter-9 lenses were also made at the Arsenal factory in Ukraine, for Kiev rangefinders,but initially released as KMZ. It was later adapted for M42-mount Zenit SLR cameras, with an M24×1 thread mount.
“Motion is everywhere we look, resulting in the absorption and expulsion of massive amounts of energy. In essence, motion is a visualization of the energies all around us. That’s the major theme of my work: the visualization of the energies in our city. Our city is alive with movement and the exchange of energy. With my photos I hope to convey but a small sense of that. I always strive to capture something more than just colours and sights with my photos, because I think there’s always something more beneath the surface. And in Toronto there’s always something more.”
For the test film of the Jupiter-9 lens I mounted it on the Leningrad camera (see below for detail about the lens and the camera). The lens was fitted with a generic yellow filter (screw-on 49mm) and a generic cylindrical metal shade hood designed for a 50mm lens. By safety, a lens cap fitted on the hood (55mm) was also used to protect the shutter curtains from an accidental sun burning (I forgot twice to remove the cap before shooting...)
I loaded the Leningrad with a Rollei RPX 400 film exposed for 250 ISO to compensate the absorption of the yellow filter. The light metering was done using a Minolta Autometer III with the 10° viewer for selective metering privileging the shadows areas.
The viewer of the Leningrad has build-in frame for the 85mm and is fully compensated for the parallax error.
View Nr. 8 : 1/500s f/8 focusing @ 8m
Les Quais du Rhône, February 17, 2025
Quai Victor Augagneur
69003 Lyon
France
After completion, the film was rewound and processed using 350 mL of Adox Adonal (Agfa Rodinal) developer prepared at the dilution 1+25 for 12min15 at 20°C.
Digitizing was made using a Sony A7 camera (ILCE-7, 24MP) fitted to a Minolta Auto Bellows III with the Minolta slide duplication accessory and Minolta Macro Bellow lens 1:3.5 f=50mm. The diffuse light source was a LED panel CineStill Cine-lite.
The RAW files obtained were inverted within the latest version available of Adobe Lightroom Classic (version 14.2) and edited to the final jpeg pictures without intermediate file. They are presented either as printer files with a frame or the full size JPEG's together with some documentary smartphone color pictures.
About the camera :
After several months, my local repair shop gave up to repair my first exemplary of Leningrad camera. I got that GOMZ Leningrad for less than the price of the lens (50€) a year ago (February 24, 2024, flic.kr/s/aHBqjBftyP) at the monthly collector meeting in Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, near Lyon, France. I looked then again for a working one.
Leningrad’s are fascinating Russian range-finder 35mm camera’s produced in Leningrad (USSR) / Saint-Petersburg, from 1956 to 1968 at about 76.000 units. It is not really a rare camera but appears only from time-to-time in the classical collector’s networks.
The Leningrad camera project was developed by GOMZ company (ГОМЗ, Государственный оптико-механический завод, Ленинград = Gosularstvennyi Optiko-Mekhanicheskii Zavod =State Optical-Mechanical Factory), Leningrad, USSR. The Leningrad ’s were constructed to a very high degree of precision and likely the most advanced rangefinder ever made at that time in Russia. At the 1958 World Exposition in Brussels, the Leningrad was awarded the "Grand Prix de Bruxelles”. Modified Leningrads were also used in the Soviet space program. In addition to a complex parallax-compensated multi-focal (for 3.5, 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm) collimated system, the camera has a built-in spring-powered mechanical motor for an automated film advance after each view taken. The Leningrad mounts the 39mm Leica-type thread lenses, especially of the Jupiter series of lens derived of classical Carl Zeiss lenses designed for the Contax (Biogon 3.5cm and Sonnar’s 5, 8.5 and 13.5cm).
In 1965, GOMZ became LOMO ( ЛОМО, Ленинградское oптико-механическое oбъединение (Leningradskoïe Optiko-Mekhanitcheskoïe Obiedinienie) that is still existing, producing instrumental optical devices (www.lomo.ru).
On eBay, I focused on a LOMO Leningrad year 1965 in working condition but without the original film plate. I got the camera for 130€ including the leather bag and a standard lens Jupiter-8 1:2 f=5cm. The seller adapted cleanly a different film plate that looked to work, but my idea was to use the camera back of my faulty Leningrad. This film plate may a precision glass plate special designed for optimum film transport and optical planarity. I received my new Leningrad on January 31, 2025 in good condition.
After a very careful inspection and a detailled cleaning, I decided to make a test film using a FOMAPAN 200 black-and-white film. On the Leningrad it is said that there is absolutely no way to check the correct film advance during the shooting session. The rewind should not be up since the mechanical forces induced would be too high for the spring-powered spooling barrel. The film should be also in a quality not too tight film cartridge and should be checked before use. This stressful machine should be manipulated with maximum care when not familiar with it.
About the lens Jupiter-9:
New in my collection in Feb. 2025, this very popular lens Jupiter-9 1:2.8 f=85mm for my Zorki’s and Leningrad camera’s. The lens was produced in 1978 by the LZOS company (Лыткаринский завод Оптического Стекла , Lytkarino Zavod Optychisovo Sticklo) located in Lytkarino (about 100 km Noth to Moscow).
I sourced a clean exemplary in Germany at regular price given the popularity of the Jupiter-9 (170€) with the Leica 39mm thread mount, front and rear caps plus the lens black storage canister. The lens is popular especially among videographers due to its peculiar bokeh and perfectly round shaped diaphragm made of 15 blades.
Originally, the Jupiter 9 is based on the design of the Carl Zeiss Sonnar designed for the Zeiss Ikon Contax in the years 1930’s. Production began in USSR in 1948, when the lens was initially called the ЗК-85 (Sonnar Kransogorsk) and it was assembled using mostly German parts in Contax/Kiev mount. The lens was also adapted to Zorki (M39) mount to fit the Zorki cameras early in production It appears, for both Zorki and Kiev mount, in a 1949 catalogue. By 1951 the name changes to Jupiter 9 (Юпитер-9). The lens has seven glass elements in three groups; a single glass at the front, and two cemented groups of three. All versions of the lens are coated. It was made by the KMZ (Красногорский механический завод, Krasnogorski Mekhanicheskii Zavod) and LZOS factories, in Leica 39 mm thread mount for Fed and Zorki rangefinders, but originally it was a Contax bayonet used in Kiev cameras. Jupiter-9 lenses were also made at the Arsenal factory in Ukraine, for Kiev rangefinders,but initially released as KMZ. It was later adapted for M42-mount Zenit SLR cameras, with an M24×1 thread mount.
Bnei Menashe farewell event at Nordiya on March 7, 2021 before they leave the absorption center and move to Nof Hagalil
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Products Description:
Item No:JA8032/JA8038/JA8039/JA8051
Series Name:Soluble Salt
Water Absorption :below 0.15%
Mohs Hardness:8
Glossy Rate: above 55 degree
Flatness :+-0.15%
Size Tolarance:+-0.5mm
Size Available:600*600mm,800*800mm;
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600*600MM : 4PCS/CARTON,30G/CARTON;
Ex-Work Price:10.20RMB/PCS,28.36RMB/SQM;
800*800MM:
3PCS/CARTON,45KG/CARTON;
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NOTE:
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1RMB/CARTON(600*600MM);1.2RMB/CARTON(800*800MM);1.5RMB/CARTON(1000MM*1000MM)
"... Perhaps no tribe has more tenaciously resisted absorption by its non-Indian neighbors than [the] proud and hardy community [of Taos], determined to preserve its tribal identity and its lands, whatever the cost. The great Pueblo Revolt of 1680, which drove the Spaniards from New Mexico for 12 years, began at Taos. The revolution of 1837, which resulted in the death of Governor Albino Perez and other officials of the Mexican Republic [but in which the residents of Taos do not appear to have been involved], saw the installation of Jose Gonzalez, the son of a Taos Indian woman, as governor of New Mexico for a brief time. Open rebellion against U.S. occupation of New Mexico flared in Taos on January 19, 1847, when enraged Indians and Mexican nationalists killed Governor Charles Bent.
- "When Juan de Onate established the first permanent Spanish settlement in New Mexico near present-day San Juan Pueblo in 1598, he assigned Fray Francisco de Zamora as missionary to the Taos area, and the formidable pueblo submitted to the governor on Sept. 9, 1598. Hostility of the Taos to white domination, a situation which was to continue into modern times, soon arose. One charge made against Onate in 1609 was that he had killed a young Taos leader by hurling him from a roof. In the same year, Fray Francisco de Velasco reported an alliance of Taos and Picuris with the Apache and Vaquero against the Spanish. Resistance continued throughout the 17th cent. until it came to a climax in the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. The clergy sought to crush native religion and tribute was demanded for encomenderos. In 1613 the open revolt against the payment of tribute forced Governor Pedro de Peralta to send soldiers to the pueblo. Fray Alonso de Benavides visited Taos in 1627 and noted that the resident priest, Tomas Carrasco, was building a church in spite of great difficulties. Although 2,500 Indians were baptized at Taos (a clear exaggeration), they were rebellious. He described several instances of the alleged mistreatment of a previous priest who had been saved from death at the hands of the Indians only by miraculous intervention. In 1637 Governor Luis de Rosas forwarded a complaint from Taos to the Inquisition in Mexico of the immorality of Fray Nicolas Hidalgo. In Jan., 1640, the Indians killed their priest, Fray Pedro de Miranda, and other Spaniards in the vicinity, destroyed the church and fled northward to the Cuartelejo Apache. No further records are available until the governorship of Bernardo Lopez de Mendizabal (1659-'61), when the Indians returned to their pueblo and reluctantly accepted Fray Felipe Rodriguez as their priest. But trouble soon arose again. ..."
- The account of the history of this pueblo continues in detail (and how) in Myra Jenkins' great article "Taos Pueblo and its neighbours, 1540-1847", 'New Mexico Historical Review' 41, 2 (1966) digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=193... The Wikipedia entry for Taos Pueblo seems to draw from this article and might have summarized much of it as follows.:
"The church was slowly rebuilt, impeded by local resistance, and the situation continued to deteriorate as tribute continued to be collected and traditional religious practices were suppressed. The religious leader Popé (or Po-pay) took up residence in Taos in 1680 and from there he planned and launched a coordinated uprising throughout northern New Mexico against the Spanish, which became known as 'the Pueblo Revolt'. The revolt drove the Spanish out of the region for 10 years until the Reconquista in 1692 led by Don Diego de Vargas. Taos did not submit until 1695 but then rebelled the following year before finally yielding. In 1696 Vargas found the mission in a ruined state and in use as a stable. He reportedly destroyed it as it could not be rebuilt. The priests were still wary of the region and didn't immediately return to the pueblo after Vargas' campaign until 1706 when the Franciscans returned and Fray Juan Álvarez reportedly commenced reconstruction of an adobe church with a square bell tower [this], located outside the 2 major pueblo compounds on either side of the river. Reconstruction was complete in 1726 and the church stood until 1847 [and still stands in ruins today].
- "On Aug. 18, 1846, Brig.-General Stephen Watts Kearny took possession of New Mexico in the name of the United States following the Battle of Santa Fe. Mexicans and Indians feared dispossession by this new regime (in part as Gov. Charles Bent had been involved in land-grant speculation schemes under the Mexican regime), and launched a rebellion at Taos on Jan. 19, 1847. Tomás (aka Tomacito) Romero led a group of puebloans to Charles Bent's house in Don Fernando de Taos (present day Taos), shot him with arrows, scalped, and then murdered him. ["Tomacito leaned over the governor's still living form and raked a bowstring over his scalp, pulling away his gray hair in a glistening sheath ... 'cut as cleanly with the tight cord as it would have with a knife." But the scalping didn't kill him. He and his family then hid "by digging through an adobe wall into a neighboring house" where the insurgents found him. ...] They also killed Cornelio Vigil, Narciso Beaubien, Pablo Jaramillo, and Stephen L. Lee, before marching on Santa Fe. Government troops and volunteers based there formed an expedition led by Col. Sterling Price (Kearney had departed for California), and marched against the insurgents, defeating them at the Battles of Cañada and of Embudo Pass on Jan. 24 and 29, respectively. The rebels then retreated to Taos Pueblo. Price and his force of 478 marched through Don Fernando de Taos on Feb. 3 and found that the rebels had strongly fortified Taos Pueblo. Many of the locals had taken refuge within San Geronimo church [this], which became a formidable stronghold with adobe walls 3-7' thick. Price ordered Lt. Dyer to set up an artillery battery consisting of a 6-pounder and howitzers 250 yards from the western flank of the church. Firing commenced at 2 p.m. and continued for 2 1/2 hr.s (cannon balls lodged in the thick adobe with little effect) before retiring to Don Fernando for the evening. Early on Feb. 4, he placed Capt. Burgwin's 1st Dragoon Regiment and Maj. Clarke's light artillery in the same position as the battery the evening before; Capt. St. Vrain's and Capt. Slack's mounted men were placed to prevent escape towards the mountains or Don Fernando, and the remaining men were placed 300 yards from the northern wall together with Lt. Dyer's artillery battery, thus placing the front and eastern flanks of the church in a crossfire. The batteries began to fire at 9 a.m., but again failed to breach the church walls. By 11 a.m., Price ordered his troops to storm the church. Capt.s Burgwin and McMillin charged its western flank, while Capt.s Agney and Barber and Lt. Boon charged the northern wall. The roof of the church was set alight, but Burgwin was mortally wounded while moving through the corral at the front of the church. A hole was cut in the western wall of the church and shells were then thrown in by hand, while the 6-pounder was placed so it could fire grape shot into the town. By 3 p.m., the 6-pounder was placed 60 yards from the church and widened the hole after ten rounds, and was then placed 10 yards away and fired 3 rounds of grapeshot into the church [!], which allowed Lt.s Dyer, Wilson and Taylor to take possession of it. [I've read that > 150 locals were killed in the church or in the Pueblo on Feb. 3 and 4.] The rebels then abandoned the western part of the town. Those seeking to escape into the mountains were pursued by Capt. Slack and Capt. St. Vrain, who killed many before night fell. The rebels surrendered the following day, giving up Tomas Romero, who was summarily executed in prison on Feb. 8. The annexation of New Mexico was formalized in the Treaty of Guadalupe in 1848. The cannon-ball-riddled mission church was left in ruins and a new church was built in 1850.
- "The ruins of the church of San Geronimo ... can still be seen today [here] to the NW of the two main pueblo blocks. The outline of the nave and the square bell tower remain and the former mission walls enclose the cemetery. Many generations of both Spanish and American Indian peoples lie buried around and within its walls. ... The siege of Pueblo de Taos was the final major engagement /b/ American and insurgent forces in New Mexico in the Mexican-American war." (primarily Wikipedia) "The Red Willow People of Taos Pueblo [continue to] welcome visitors as they have for > 1000 yr.s." (from a sign on site)
- A 'Taos Revolt tour' - Governor Bent and the Penitentes: youtu.be/0knbQ6bfFOc?si=S9_eNk1rbkYe7fHs
- maps.app.goo.gl/PWvEqpRZpfPKZczR7
- maps.app.goo.gl/6BF8v4HQq6vMuX9g7
- maps.app.goo.gl/hK7NrchuRFFcg3Eg8
- maps.app.goo.gl/BFLsU3GiLDH7QGFX9
- upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/DSC_1708_Taos...
- maps.app.goo.gl/GWHVM2TLmbo7sUY79
- maps.app.goo.gl/3bY6jD3A7xCouibZ9
- upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Taos_Pueblo_C...
“Motion is everywhere we look, resulting in the absorption and expulsion of massive amounts of energy. In essence, motion is a visualization of the energies all around us. That’s the major theme of my work: the visualization of the energies in our city. Our city is alive with movement and the exchange of energy. With my photos I hope to convey but a small sense of that. I always strive to capture something more than just colours and sights with my photos, because I think there’s always something more beneath the surface. And in Toronto there’s always something more.”
Our stainless steel beer filter housing possess properties of lower absorption, no medium shedding, no leakage, acid and alkali Resistance, and corrosion resistance, with high removal rating and flow rate.
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“Motion is everywhere we look, resulting in the absorption and expulsion of massive amounts of energy. In essence, motion is a visualization of the energies all around us. That’s the major theme of my work: the visualization of the energies in our city. Our city is alive with movement and the exchange of energy. With my photos I hope to convey but a small sense of that. I always strive to capture something more than just colours and sights with my photos, because I think there’s always something more beneath the surface. And in Toronto there’s always something more.”
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LDN 1613 – The Cone Nebula in the NGC 2264 Region
LDN 1613, also known as the Cone Nebula, is a dark absorption nebula in the constellation Monoceros. It consists of a dense cloud of dust and cold molecular gas projected against a brighter emission nebula in the background. This is why, in images, it appears as a dark cone rising from the red glow of hydrogen.
This region is part of the extensive NGC 2264 complex, which also includes the Christmas Tree Cluster, the Fox Fur Nebula, and young star-forming regions. The Cone Nebula itself was discovered by William Herschel on December 26, 1785, and catalogued as H V.27. The designation LDN 1613 comes much later, from Beverly T. Lynds’ 1962 catalogue of dark nebulae, compiled from photographic plates of the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey.
The nebula lies approximately 2,500 to 2,700 light-years from Earth. The dark pillar itself is about 7 light-years long, while the broader NGC 2264 complex covers a much larger area of the sky.
What is particularly interesting is that the cone shape is not accidental. It is formed by the intense radiation and stellar winds from young, hot stars, which gradually blow away and erode the surrounding gas. Denser parts of the cloud resist this process for longer and form dark pillars similar to the famous Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula. Inside such regions, new stars — and later even planetary systems — may be born.
In the image, the contrast between the red light of ionized hydrogen, the dark dust structures, and the bluish reflection regions, where dust reflects the light of young stars, stands out very clearly. The result is a striking example of how young stars are not only born from nebulae, but also gradually reshape them with their radiation.
I started imaging this winter-sky object well into the spring season because I wanted to test the Sloan i′ filter on a suitable target. Although the conditions were no longer ideal, I still managed to collect at least some data — and this is what emerged from it.
LRGB + Hα + NIR version
Equipment:
SkyWatcher NEQ6 Pro, GSO Newtonian astrograph 200/800 — used as 200/600 at f/3 — Starizona Nexus 0.75× coma corrector, ToupTek ATR585M, AFW-M filter wheel, ToupTek LRGB filters, Baader SHO Ultra-Highspeed f/2 3.5–4 nm filters, Baader Sloan i′ filter, Gemini EAF focuser, TS Off-Axis Guider with Player One Ceres-C guide camera, SVBony 241 power hub, DIY Raspberry Pi Pico flat-panel flap, automated observatory shed controlled by my own OCS — Observatory Control System.
Software:
NINA, Astro Pixel Processor, GraXpert, PixInsight, Adobe Photoshop.
Acquisition:
33 × 180 s R
33 × 180 s G
33 × 180 s B
75 × 120 s L
56 × 600 s Hα
52 × 120 s Sloan i′
Flats, master darks, master dark flats
Gain: 150
Offset: 300
Imaging dates: March 16 – April 25, 2026
Location: Belá nad Cirochou, northeastern Slovakia
Sky quality: Bortle 4
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