View allAll Photos Tagged YRF...
2008 Iveco Daily 2.3 HPI 35S12
Since 2013 the British Red Cross has provided medical cover at the British Grand Prix and sends a large fleet of vehicles to the event.
One of this year's offerings was this Emergency Response Support Unit parked up away from the crowds and on hand in case it was needed.
Pictured in July 2018 at the British Grand Prix meeting at Silverstone.
NOTE ON GROUPS
Usually I'd post this to more groups but, unfortunately, the ridiculous new limit on the number of groups that a picture can be added to prevents this.
If any group admins would like the picture in their particular group I'm afraid you'll either have to invite it or remove the posting limit for your chosen group.
If you don't know about the new group posting limits that were introduced by the back door a few months ago and would like to change your group back to the way it used to be, here is the link on how to do it:--
Still in the livery of Pulhams, Bourton-on-the-Water and regularly used on two rural services which Cotswold Green recently re-acquired from Pulhams.
Much like the weekend previous, the dates of the 27th and 28th January have seen no Greater Anglia rail services operating between Cheshunt and Hertford East/Stansted Airport/Audley End, with replacement road transport in operation.
One of I believe a pair of the time, Goldline Executive Travel Scania K410EB4/Irizar i6 YN70YRF heads a path along Station Road in Elsenham whilst working on railway replacement duties 28/01/24
The YRF-4C prototype (serial number 62-12200) was used as the prototype for the F-4E, the cannon-armed Phantom. When 62-12200 was finished with its testing duties, it was selected by NASA for use as a fly-by-wire (FBW) control system testbed. The camera ports of the RF-4C nose were faired over, and a FBW system was fitted. The aircraft became known as the Precision Aircraft Control Technology (PACT) demonstrator. It made its first flight with the new FBW system on April 29, 1972. For the initial flight tests, the FBW system was backed up by conventional mechanical controls, but as confidence was obtained with continued flight testing, this backup was eventually eliminated. The PACT demonstrator made its first fully-FBW flight on January 22, 1973.
Following the successful completion of the FBW tests, 62-12200 was selected for Control Configured Vehicle (CCV) research. For this program, it was fitted with a set of canard tailplanes mounted on the upper air intakes. These tailplanes had 20 degrees of movement. The first flight in the CCV configuration took place on April 29, 1974. In order to move the center of gravity to the rear and to destabilize the aircraft in pitch, lead ballast was added to the rear fuselage. A total of 30 test flights were made.
Following the completion of the CCV program, 62-12200 was retired from service. It was donated to the US Air Force Museum at Wright-Patterson AFB on December 5, 1978. It is now on display there.
Info courtesy www.f4.nl.
As per the bollywood sources YRF made an 150 crore for the world-wide distribution rights, Hindi version rights and the satellite rights of the movie.
As baahubali collected 127 crors in hindi itself , Thy offered this huge amount . Already karan johar is interested in baahubali 2 so def...
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some Background:
The Lockheed F-94 Starfire was a first-generation jet aircraft of the United States Air Force. It was developed from the twin-seat Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star in the late 1940s as an all-weather, day/night interceptor, replacing the propeller-driven North American F-82 Twin Mustang in this role. The system was designed to overtake the F-80 in terms of performance, but more so to intercept the new high-level Soviet bombers capable of nuclear attacks on America and her Allies - in particular, the new Tupelov Tu-4. The F-94 was furthermore the first operational USAF fighter equipped with an afterburner and was the first jet-powered all-weather fighter to enter combat during the Korean War in January 1953.
The initial production model, the F-94A, entered operational service in May 1950. Its armament consisted of four 0.50 in (12.7 mm) M3 Browning machine guns mounted in the fuselage with the muzzles exiting under the radome for the APG-33 radar, a derivative from the AN/APG-3, which directed the Convair B-36's tail guns and had a range of up to 20 miles (32 km). Two 165 US Gallon (1,204 litre) drop tanks, as carried by the F-80 and T-33, were carried on the wingtips. Alternatively, these could be replaced by a pair of 1,000 lb (454 kg) bombs under the wings, giving the aircraft a secondary fighter bomber capability. 109 were produced.
The subsequent F-94B, which entered service in January 1951, was outwardly virtually identical to the F-94A. Its Allison J33 turbojet had a number of modifications made, though, which made it a very reliable engine. The pilot was provided with a roomier cockpit and the canopy received a bow frame in the center between the two crew members. A new Instrument Landing System (ILS) was fitted, too, which made operations at night and/or in bad weather much safer. However, this new variant’s punch with just four machine guns remained weak, and, to improve the load of fire, wing-mounted pods with two additional pairs of 0.5” machine guns were introduced – but these hardly improved the interceptor’s effectiveness. 356 of the F-94B were nevertheless built.
The following F-94C was extensively modified and initially designated F-97, but it was ultimately decided just to treat it as a new version of the F-94. USAF interest was lukewarm since aircraft technology had already developed at a fast pace – supersonic performance had already become standard. Lockheed funded development themselves, converting two F-94B airframes to YF-94C prototypes for evaluation with a completely new, much thinner wing, a swept tail surface and a more powerful Pratt & Whitney J48. This was a license-built version of the afterburning Rolls-Royce Tay, which produced a dry thrust of 6,350 pounds-force (28.2 kN) and approximately 8,750 pounds-force (38.9 kN) with afterburning. Instead of machine guns, the proposed new variant was exclusively armed with unguided air-to-air missiles.
Tests were positive and eventually the F-94C was adopted for USAF service, since it was the best interim solution for an all-weather fighter at that time. It still had to rely on Ground Control Interception Radar (GCI) sites to vector the interceptor to intruding aircraft, though.
The F-94C's introduction and the availability of the more effective Northrop F-89C/D Scorpion and the North American F-86D Sabre interceptors led to a quick relegation of the earlier F-94 variants from mid-1954 onwards to second line units and to Air National Guards. By 1955 most of them had already been phased out of USAF service, and some of these relatively young surplus machines were subsequently exported or handed over to friendly nations, too. When sent to the ANG, the F-94As were modified by Lockheed to F-94B standards and then returned to the ANG as B models. They primarily replaced outdated F-80C Shooting Stars and F-51D/H Mustangs.
At that time the USAF was looking for a tactical reconnaissance aircraft, a more effective successor for the RF-80A which had shown its worth and weaknesses during the Korea War. For instance, the plane could not fly at low altitude long enough to perform suitable visual reconnaissance, and its camera equipment was still based on WWII standards. Lockheed saw the opportunity to fill this operational gap with conversions of existing F-94A/B airframes, which had, in most cases, only had clocked few flying hours, primarily at high altitudes where Soviet bombers were expected to lurk, and still a lot of airframe life to offer. This led to another private venture, the RF-94B, auspiciously christened “Stargazer”.
The RF-94B was based on the F-94B interceptor with its J33 engine and the original unswept tail. The F-94B’s wings were retained but received a different leading-edge profile to better cope with operations at low altitude. The interceptor’s nose with the radome and the machine guns underneath was replaced by a new all-metal nose cone, which was more than 3 feet longer than the former radar nose, with windows for several sets of cameras; the wedge-shaped nose cone quickly earned the aircraft the unofficial nickname “Crocodile”.
One camera was looking ahead into flight direction and could be mounted at different angled downward (but not moved during flight), followed by two oblique cameras, looking to the left and the right, and a vertical camera as well as a long-range camera focussed on the horizon, which was behind a round window at port side. An additional, spacious compartment in front of the landing gear well held an innovative Tri-Metrogen horizon-to-horizon view system that consisted of three synchronized cameras. Coupled with a computerized control system based on light, speed, and altitude, it adjusted camera settings to produce pictures with greater delineation.
All cameras could be triggered individually by pilot or a dedicated observer/camera systems operator in the 2nd seat. Talking into a wire recorder, the crew could describe ground movements that might not have appeared in still pictures. A vertical view finder with a periscopic presentation on the cockpit panel was added for the pilot to enhance visual reconnaissance and target identification directly under the aircraft. Using magnesium flares carried under its wings in flash-ejector cartridges, the RF-94B was furthermore able to fly night missions.
The RF-94B was supposed to operate unarmed, but it could still carry a pair of 1.000 lb bombs under its wings or, thanks to added plumbings, an extra pair of drop tanks for ferry flights. The F-94A/B’s machine gun pods as well as the F-94C’s unguided missile launchers could be mounted to the wings, too, making it a viable attack aircraft in a secondary role.
The USAF was highly interested in this update proposal for the outdated interceptors (almost 500 F-94A/Bs had been built) and ordered 100 RF-94B conversions with an option for 100 more – just when a severe (and superior) competitor entered the stage after a lot of development troubles: Republic’s RF-84F Thunderflash reconnaissance version. The first YRF-84F had already been completed in February 1952 and it had an overall slightly better performance than the RF-94B. However, it offered more internal space for reconnaissance systems and was able to carry up to fifteen cameras with the support of many automatized systems, so that it was a single seater. Being largely identical to the F-84F and sharing its technical and logistical infrastructures, the USAF decided on short notice to change its procurement decision and rather adopt the more modern and promising Thunderflash as its standard tactical reconnaissance aircraft. The RF-94B conversion order was reduced to the initial 100 aircraft, and to avoid operational complexity these aircraft were exclusively delivered to Air National Guardss that had experience with the F-94A/B to replace their obsolete RF-80As.
Gradual replacement lasted until 1958, and while the RF-94B’s performance was overall better than the RF-80A’s, it was still disappointing and not the expected tactical intelligence gathering leap forward. The airframe did not cope well with constant low-level operations, and the aircraft’s marginal speed and handling did not ensure its survivability. However, unlike the RF-84F, which suffered from frequent engine problems, the Stargazers’ J33 made them highly reliable platforms – even though the complex Tri-Metrogen device turned out to be capricious, so that it was soon replaced with up to three standard cameras.
For better handling and less drag esp. at low altitude, the F-94B’s large Fletcher type wingtip tanks were frequently replaced with smaller ones with about half capacity. It also became common practice to operate the RF-94Bs with only a crew of one, and from 1960 on the RF-94B was, thanks to its second seat, more and more used as a trainer before pilots mounted more potent reconnaissance aircraft like the RF-101 Voodoo, which eventually replaced the RF-94B in ANG service. The last RF-94B was phased out in 1968, and, unlike the RF-84F, it was not operated by any foreign air force.
General characteristics:
Crew: 2 (but frequently operated by a single pilot)
Length: 43 ft 4 3/4 in (13.25 m)
Wingspan (with tip tanks): 40 ft 9 1/2 in (12.45 m)
Height: 12 ft. 2 (3.73 m)
Wing area: 234' 8" sq ft (29.11 m²)
Empty weight: 10,064 lb (4,570 kg)
Loaded weight: 15,330 lb (6,960 kg)
Max. takeoff weight: 24,184 lb (10,970 kg)
Powerplant:
1× Allison J33-A-33 turbojet, rated at 4,600 lbf (20.4 kN) continuous thrust,
5,400 lbf (24 kN) with water injection and 6,000 lbf (26.6 kN) thrust with afterburner
Performance:
Maximum speed: 630 mph (1,014 km/h) at height and in level flight
Range: 930 mi (813 nmi, 1,500 km) in combat configuration with two drop tanks
Ferry range: 1,457 mi (1,275 nmi, 2,345 km)
Service ceiling: 42,750 ft (14,000 m)
Rate of climb: 6,858 ft/min (34.9 m/s)
Wing loading: 57.4 lb/ft² (384 kg/m²)
Thrust/weight: 0.48
Armament:
No internal guns; 2x 165 US Gallon (1,204 liter) drop tanks on the wing tips and…
2x underwing hardpoints for two additional 165 US Gallon (1,204 liter) ferry tanks
or bombs of up to 1.000 lb (454 kg) caliber each, plus…
2x optional (rarely fitted) pods on the wings’ leading edges with either a pair of 0.5" (12.7 mm)
machine guns or twelve 2.75” (70 mm) Mk 4/Mk 40 Folding-Fin Aerial Rockets each
The kit and its assembly:
This project was originally earmarked as a submission for the 2021 “Reconnaissance & Surveillance” group build at whatifmodellers.com, in the form of a Heller F-94B with a new nose section. The inspiration behind this build was the real-world EF-94C (s/n 50-963): a solitary conversion with a bulbous camera nose. However, the EF-94C was not a reconnaissance aircraft but rather a chase plane/camera ship for the Air Research and Development Command, hence its unusual designation with the suffix “E”, standing for “Exempt” instead of the more appropriate “R” for a dedicated recce aircraft. There also was another EF-94C, but this was a totally different kind of aircraft: an ejection seat testbed.
I had a surplus Heller F-94B kit in The Stash™ and it was built almost completely OOB and did – except for some sinkholes and standard PSR work – not pose any problem. In fact, the old Heller Starfire model is IMHO a pretty good representation of the aircraft. O.K., its age might show, but almost anything you could ask for at 1:72 scale is there, including a decent, detailed cockpit.
The biggest change was the new camera nose, and it was scratched from an unlikely donor part: it consists of a Matchbox B-17G tail gunner station, slimmed down by the gunner station glazing's width at the seam in the middle, and this "sandwich" was furthermore turned upside down. Getting the transitional sections right took lots of PSR, though, and I added some styrene profiles to integrate the new nose into the rest of the hull. It was unintentional, but the new nose profile reminds a lot of a RF-101 recce Voodoo, and there's, with the straight wings, a very F-89ish look to the aircraft now? There's also something F2H-2ish about the outlines?
The large original wing tip tanks were cut off and replaced with smaller alternatives from a Hasegawa A-37. Because it was easy to realize on this kit I lowered the flaps, together with open ventral air brakes. The cockpit was taken OOB, I just modified the work station on the rear seat and replaced the rubber sight protector for the WSO with two screens for a camera operator. Finally, the one-piece cockpit glazing was cut into two parts to present the model with an open canopy.
Painting and markings:
This was a tough decision: either an NMF finish (the natural first choice), an overall light grey anti-corrosive coat of paint, both with relatively colorful unit markings, or camouflage. The USAF’s earlier RF-80As carried a unique scheme in olive drab/neutral grey with a medium waterline, but that would look rather vintage on the F-94. I decided that some tactical camouflage would make most sense on this kind of aircraft and eventually settled for the USAF’s SEA scheme with reduced tactical markings, which – after some field tests and improvisations in Vietnam – became standardized and was officially introduced to USAF aircraft around 1965 as well as to ANG units.
Even though I had already built a camouflaged F-94 some time ago (a Hellenic aircraft in worn SEA colors), I settled for this route. The basic colors (FS 30219, 34227, 34279 and 36622) all came from Humbrol (118, 117, 116 and 28, respectively), and for the pattern I adapted the paint scheme of the USAF’s probably only T-33 in SEA colors: a trainer based on Iceland during the Seventies and available as a markings option in one of the Special Hobby 1:32 T-33 kits. The low waterline received a wavy shape, inspired by an early ANG RF-101 in SEA camouflage I came across in a book. The new SEA scheme was apparently applied with a lot of enthusiasm and properness when it was brand new, but this quickly vaned. As an extra, the wing tip tanks received black anti-glare sections on their inner faces and a black anti-glare panel was added in front of the windscreen - a decal from a T-33 aftermarket sheet. Beyond a black ink wash the model received some subtle panel post-shading, but rather to emphasize surface details than for serious weathering.
The cockpit became very dark grey (Revell 06) while the landing gear wells were kept in zinc chromate green primer (Humbrol 80, Grass Green), with bright red (Humbrol 60, Matt Red) cover interiors and struts and wheels in aluminum (Humbrol 56). The interior of the flaps and the ventral air brakes became red, too.
The decals/markings came from a Special Hobby 1:72 F-86H; there’s a dedicated ANG boxing of the kit that comes with an optional camouflaged aircraft of the NY ANG, the least unit to operate the “Sabre Hog” during the Seventies. Since this 138th TFS formerly operated the F-94A/B, it was a perfect option for the RF-94B! I just used a different Bu. No. code on the fin, taken from a PrintScale A/T-37 set, and most stencils were perocured from the scrap box.
After a final light treatment with graphite around the afterburner for a more metallic shine of the iron metallic (Revell 97) underneath, the kit was sealed with a coat of matt acrylic varnish (Italeri).
A camouflaged F-94 is an unusual sight, but it works very well. The new/longer nose considerably changes the aircraft's profile, and even though the change is massive, the "Crocodile" looks surprisingly plausible, if not believable! And, despite the long nose, the aircraft looks pretty sleek, especially in the air.
Fourth Building Aircraft Moves - Restoration staff move the Republic YRF-84F "Ficon" into the new fourth building at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force on Oct. 8, 2015.
These took some finding! Peter Smith of Garnswllt, near Ammanford, was reputed to have some ex-East Yorkshire AEC Bridgemasters. Alas they weren't at home but here are:
KDB 686 Leytland Tiger Cub ex-North Western
TCK 714 Leyland Leopard ex-Ribble
YRF 137H Seddon Pennine 4 ex-Green Bus, Rugeley.
September 1975
Former Sovietunion postcard by Ykrreklamfilm YRF, Kiev, 3-1-1978.
Regimantas Adomaitis (1937) is a Lithuanian film and stage actor. He is known in Russia, Germany, and other countries besides Lithuania.
Regimantas Adomaitis was born in Šiauliai, Lithuania in 1937. He graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Vilnius University. Later he studied acting at the acting department of the Vilnius Conservatory. He made a debut in the theatre, and had engagemenrs in Vilnius, Kaunas and Kapsukas. His film debut was Vienos dienos kronika/The Chronicle of one Day (Vytautas Zalakevicius, 1963) with Donatas Banionis. In 1966 he had his breakthrough with Niekas nenorėjo mirti/Nobody Wanted to Die (Vytautas Žalakevičius,1966). This action drama is set in a small Lithuanian farming community after the Second World War. The village is divided as the communists battle those in favor of national independence. When the leader of the community is killed, the man's four sons, including Adomaitis, set out to avenge his death. Adomaitis, director Žalakevičius. and cinematographer Jonas Gricius were awarded the USSR State Prize for the film in 1967. That year, he also acted in the a-typical Soviet war film Vostochny koridor/Eastern Corridor (Valentin Vinogradov, 1966) with Lyudmila Abramova. In the historical drama Sergey Lazo (Aleksandr Gordon, 1968), he played the title role of the Communist leader Lazo. He appeared as Edmund in the Soviet Shakespeare adaptation Korol Lir/King Lear (Grigori Kozintsev, Iosif Shapiro, 1971), starring Juri Jarvet. The Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich composed the score. Jugu Abraham at IMDb: “Kozintsev is one of least sung masters of Russian cinema. His cinema is very close to that of Tarkovsky and Sergei Paradjanov. Kozintsev's Lear is not a Lear that mourns his past and his daughters--his Lear is close to the soil, the plants, and all elements of nature. That's what makes Kozintsev's Shakespearean works outstanding.” In 1973, Adomaitis appeared in the Soviet drama Eto sladkoe slovo - svoboda!/That Sweet Word: Liberty! (Vytautas Žalakevičius, 1973). The film was shot in Chile shortly before 1973 Chilean coup d'état. The basis for the plot is a real story: the escape from San-Carlos prison in Venezuela of three political prisoners. The film was entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival where it won the Golden Prize. Velnio nuotaka/Devil's Bride (Arūnas Žebriūnas, 1974) is the first Lithuanian musical about the victory of love over the trickery of the Devil based on the book Baltaragio malūnas (Whitehorn Mill) by Kazys Boruta. Due to its popularity it is sometimes called a Lithuanian Jesus Christ Superstar rock opera.
In East-Germany, Regimantas Adomaitis starred in Wolz - Leben und Verklärung eines deutschen Anarchisten/ Wolz - Life and Illusion of a German Anarchist (Günter Reisch, 1974) with Heidemarie Wenzel. Tom Dooley at IMDb: “Part comedy at one point, part political statement and a definite swipe at National Socialism, it is very ambitious and it pulls it all off. It has a great musical score too and the music adds to the moods tenfold. The acting is superb and Regimantas Adomaitis as Wolz is a power house.” For the DEFA, he also starred in Mann gegen Mann/Man Against Man (Kurt Maetzig, 1976). In the historical drama Yuliya Vrevskaya/Between the Tsar’s Court and the Battlefield (Nikola Korabov, 1978), Adomaitas played opposite Lyudmila Saveleva and Stefan Danailov. Other films were the Maxim Gorky adaptation Vrag/Enemies (Rodion Nahapetov, 1978) with Innokentiy Smoktunovskiy, the Soviet-Italian drama La vita è bella/Life Is Beautiful (Grigoriy Chukhray, 1979) with Giancarlo Giannini and Ornella Muti, and Poloska neskoshennych dikikh tsvetov/ A strip of unclosed wild flowers (Yuri Ilyenko, 1980). He returned to East-Germany for the drama Die Verlobte/The Fiancee (Günter Reisch, Günther Rücker1980) with Jutta Wachowiak as a woman sentenced in 1934 to ten years in prison for antifascist activities. The love between her and her fiancée enables her to survive it. He co-starred with Donatas Banionis in the Soviet Lithuanian-language war film Gruppa krovi nol/Faktas/Facts (Almantas Grikevicius, 1981). At the 1981 Cannes Film Festival, actress Yelena Solovey won the award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the film. Other films include Iz zhizni otdykhayushchikh/Life on Holidays (Nikolay Gubenko, 1981), Skrydis per Atlanta/ The Flight Across the Atlantic Ocean (Raimondas Vabalas, 1984), Es ist nicht leicht ein Gott zu sein/It’s Hard to be a God (Peter Fleischmann, 1989), the war drama Angely smerti/Angels of Death (Yuriy Ozerov, 1993), with Fedor Bondarchuk and Powers Boothe, and the French-Russian drama Tu es.../You are… (Vladimir Makeranets, 1995). On TV, he appeared in the Soviet musical miniseries Trest, kotoryy lopnul/The Trust That Went Bust (Aleksandr Pavlovsky 1983) based on short stories by O. Henry. In 1985, Regimantas Adomaitis was a member of the jury at the 35th Berlin International Film Festival. Adomaitis has received many a Soviet Lithuanian-language war film awards of recognition. In 1988 with other 34 prominent people he created Sąjūdis Reform Movement, which eventually led to the declaration of independence of Lithuania on 11 March 1990. Regimantas Adomaitis now lives in Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, where he works as an actor at the Lithuanian National Drama Theatre and regularly appears in TV series. His most recent film is the Norwegian drama Iskyss/The Ice Kiss (Knut Erik Jensen, 2008) with Ellen Dorrit Petersen. Adomaitis was married to singer Eugenia Baerite, who died in 2011. They have three children.
Sources: Jugu Abraham (IMDb), Tom Dooley (IMDb), Roman A. Ivanov (IMDb), Mubi, AllMovie, Wikipedia and IMDb.
The FICON (FIghter CONveyor) project began in the early 1950s in an attempt to extend the range of fighter and reconnaissance jets by having them operate as parasites from B-36 bombers. Convair modified one of its RB-36F bombers to carry and recover a modified F-84E Thunderjet using a retractable H-shaped cradle in the modified bomb bay. In this image, a YRF-84F swept-wing Thunderstreak looks to hook onto the lowered trapeze. The Thunderstreak has a hook on the nose ahead of the cockpit. Docking could be difficult because of the vortices put out by the Peacemaker’s six propellers.
Howrah Bridge is a cantilever bridge with a suspended span over the Hooghly River in West Bengal, India. Commissioned in 1943, the bridge was originally named the New Howrah Bridge, because it replaced a pontoon bridge at the same location linking the two cities of Howrah and Kolkata (Calcutta). On 14 June 1965 it was renamed Rabindra Setu after the great Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore, who was the first Indian and Asian Nobel laureate. It is still popularly known as the Howrah Bridge.
The bridge is one of two on the Hooghly River and is a famous symbol of Kolkata and West Bengal. The other bridges are the Vidyasagar Setu (popularly called the Second Hooghly Bridge), the Vivekananda Setu, and the newly built Nivedita Setu. It weathers the storms of the Bay of Bengal region, carrying a daily traffic of approximately 100,000 vehicles and possibly more than 150,000 pedestrians, easily making it the busiest cantilever bridge in the world. The third-longest cantilever bridge at the time of its construction, the Howrah Bridge is the sixth-longest bridge of its type in the world.
HISTORY
1862 PROPOSAL BY TURNBULL
In 1862, the Government of Bengal asked George Turnbull, Chief Engineer of the East India Railway Company to study the feasibility of bridging the Hooghly River — he had recently established the company's rail terminus in Howrah. He reported on 29 March with large-scale drawings and estimates that:
- The foundations for a bridge at Calcutta would be at a considerable depth and cost because of the depth of the mud there.
- The impediment to shipping would be considerable.
- A good place for the bridge was at Pulta Ghat "about a dozen miles north of Calcutta" where a "bed of stiff clay - A suspended-girder bridge of five spans of 400 feet and two spans of 200 feet would be ideal.
The bridge was not built.
PONTOON BRIDGE
In view of the increasing traffic across the Hooghly river, a committee was appointed in 1855-56 to review alternatives for constructing a bridge across it. The plan was shelved in 1859-60, to be revived in 1868, when it was decided that a bridge should be constructed and a newly appointed trust vested to manage it. The Calcutta Port Trust was founded in 1870, and the Legislative department of the then Government of Bengal passed the Howrah Bridge Act in the year 1871 under the Bengal Act IX of 1871, empowering the Lieutenant-Governor to have the bridge constructed with Government capital under the aegis of the Port Commissioners. Eventually a contract was signed with Sir Bradford Leslie to construct a pontoon bridge. Different parts were constructed in England and shipped to Calcutta, where they were assembled. The assembling period was fraught with problems. The bridge was considerably damaged by the great cyclone on 20 March 1874. A steamer named Egeria broke from her moorings and collided head-on with the bridge, sinking three pontoons and damaging nearly 200 feet of the bridge. The bridge was completed in 1874, at a total cost of ₹2.2 million, and opened to traffic on 17 October of that year. The bridge was then 1528 ft. long and 62 ft. wide, with 7-foot wide pavements on either side. Initially the bridge was periodically unfastened to allow steamers and other marine vehicles to pass through. Before 1906, the bridge used to be undone for the passage of vessels during daytime only. Since June of that year it started opening at night for all vessels except ocean steamers, which were required to pass through during daytime. From 19 August 1879, the bridge was illuminated by electric lamp-posts, powered by the dynamo at the Mullick Ghat Pumping Station. As the bridge could not handle the rapidly increasing load, the Port Commissioners started planning in 1905 for a new improved bridge.
PLANS FOR A NEW BRIDGE
In 1906 the Port Commission appointed a committee headed by R.S. Highet, Chief Engineer, East Indian Railway and W.B. MacCabe, Chief Engineer, Calcutta Corporation. They submitted a report stating that Bullock carts formed the eight-thirteenths of the vehicular traffic (as observed on 27 August 1906, the heaviest day's traffic observed in the port of Commissioners 16 days' Census of the vehicular traffic across the existing bridge). The roadway on the existing bridge is 48 feet wide except at the shore spans where it is only 43 feet in roadways, each 21 feet 6 inches wide. The roadway on the new bridge would be wide enough to take at least two lines of vehicular traffic and one line of trams in each direction and two roadways each 30 feet wide, giving a total width of 60 feet of road way which are quite sufficient for this purpose . . . . . The traffic across the existing floating bridge Calcutta & Howrah is very heavy and it is obvious if the new bridge is to be on the same site as the existing bridge, then unless a temporary bridge is provided, there will be serious interruptions to the traffic while existing bridge is being moved to one side to allow the new bridge to be erected on the same site as the present bridge.
The committee considered six options:
- Large ferry steamers capable of carrying vehicular load (set up cost ₹900,000, annual cost ₹437,000)
- A transporters bridge (set up cost ₹2 million)
- A tunnel (set up cost ₹338.2 million, annual maintenance cost ₹1779,000)
- A bridge on piers (set up cost ₹22.5 million)
- A floating bridge (set up cost ₹2140,000, annual maintenance cost ₹200,000)
- An arched bridge
The committee eventually decided on a floating bridge. It extended tenders to 23 firms for its design and construction. Prize money of £ 3,000 (₹45,000, at the then exchange rate) was declared for the firm whose design would be accepted.
PLANNING AND ESTIMATION
The initial construction process of the bridge was stalled due to the World War I, although the bridge was partially renewed in 1917 and 1927. In 1921 a committee of engineers named the 'Mukherjee Committee' was formed, headed by Sir R.N. Mukherjee, Sir Clement Hindley, Chairman of Calcutta Port Trust and J. McGlashan, Chief Engineer. They referred the matter to Sir Basil Mott, who proposed a single span arch bridge.
In 1922 the New Howrah Bridge Commission was set up, to which the Mukherjee Committee submitted its report. In 1926 the New Howrah Bridge Act passed. In 1930 the Goode Committee was formed, comprising S.W. Goode as President, S.N. Mallick, and W.H. Thompson, to investigate and report on the advisability of constructing a pier bridge between Calcutta and Howrah. Based on their recommendation, M/s. Rendel, Palmer and Tritton were asked to consider the construction of a suspension bridge of a particular design prepared by their chief draftsman Mr. Walton. On basis of the report, a global tender was floated. The lowest bid came from a German company, but due to increasing political tensions between Germany and Great Britain in 1935, it was not given the contract. The Braithwaite Burn and Jessop Construction Company Limited was awarded the construction contract that year. The New Howrah Bridge Act was amended in 1935 to reflect this, and construction of the bridge started the next year.
CONSTRUCTION
The bridge does not have nuts and bolts, but was formed by riveting the whole structure. It consumed 26,500 tons of steel, out of which 23,000 tons of high-tensile alloy steel, known as Tiscrom, were supplied by Tata Steel. The main tower was constructed with single monolith caissons of dimensions 55.31 x 24.8 m with 21 shafts, each 6.25 metre square. The Chief Engineer of the Port Trust, Mr. J. McGlashan, wanted to replace the pontoon bridge, with a permanent structure, as the present bridge interfered with North/South river traffic. Work could not be started as World War I (1914-1918) broke out. Then in 1926 a commission under the Chairmanship of Sir R. N. Mukherjee recommended a suspension bridge of a particular type to be built across the River Hoogly. The bridge was designed by one Mr. Walton of M/s Rendel, Palmer & Triton. The order for construction and erection was placed on M/s.Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company in 1939. Again World War II (1939-1945 ) intervened. All the steel that was to come from England were diverted for war effort in Europe. Out of 26,000 tons of steel, that was required for the bridge, only 3000 tons were supplied from England. In spite of the Japanese threat the then (British) Government of India pressed on with the construction. Tata Steel were asked to supply the remaining 23,000 tons of high tension steel. The Tatas developed the quality of steel required for the bridge and called it Tiscom. The entire 23,000 tons was supplied in time. The fabrication and erection work was awarded to a local engineering firm of Howrah - The Braithwaite Burn & Jessop Construction Company. The two anchorage caissons were each 16.4 m by 8.2 m, with two wells 4.9 m square. The caissons were so designed that the working chambers within the shafts could be temporarily enclosed by steel diaphragms to allow work under compressed air if required. The caisson at Kolkata side was set at 31.41 m and that at Howrah side at 26.53 m below ground level.
One night, during the process of grabbing out the muck to enable the caisson to move, the ground below it yielded, and the entire mass plunged two feet, shaking the ground. The impact of this was so intense that the seismograph at Kidderpore registered it as an earthquake and a Hindu temple on the shore was destroyed, although it was subsequently rebuilt. While muck was being cleared, numerous varieties of objects were brought up, including anchors, grappling irons, cannons, cannonballs, brass vessels, and coins dating back to the East India Company. The job of sinking the caissons was carried out round-the-clock at a rate of a foot or more per day. The caissons were sunk through soft river deposits to a stiff yellow clay 26.5 m below ground level. The accuracy of sinking the huge caissons was exceptionally precise, within 50–75 mm of the true position. After penetrating 2.1 m into clay, all shafts were plugged with concrete after individual dewatering, with some 5 m of backfilling in adjacent shafts. The main piers on the Howrah side were sunk by open wheel dredging, while those on the Kolkata side required compressed air to counter running sand. The air pressure maintained was about 40 lbs per square inch (2.8 bar), which required about 500 workers to be employed. Whenever excessively soft soil was encountered, the shafts symmetrical to the caisson axes were left unexcavated to allow strict control. In very stiff clays, a large number of the internal wells were completely undercut, allowing the whole weight of the caisson to be carried by the outside skin friction and the bearing under the external wall. Skin friction on the outside of the monolith walls was estimated at 29 kN/m2 while loads on the cutting edge in clay overlying the founding stratum reached 100 tonnes/m. The work on the foundation was completed on November 1938.
By the end of 1940, the erection of the cantilevered arms was commenced and was completed in mid-summer of 1941. The two halves of the suspended span, each 86 m long and weighing 2,000 tons, were built in December 1941. The bridge was erected by commencing at the two anchor spans and advancing towards the center, with the use of creeper cranes moving along the upper chord. 16 hydraulic jacks, each of which had an 800-ton capacity, were pressed into service to join the two halves of the suspended span.
The entire project cost ₹25 million (£2,463,887). The project was a pioneer in bridge construction, particularly in India, but the government did not have a formal opening of the bridge due to fears of attacks by Japanese planes fighting the Allied Powers. Japan had attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The first vehicle to use the bridge was a solitary tram.
DESCRIPTION
SPECIFICATIONS
When commissioned in 1943, Howrah was the 3rd-longest cantilever bridge in the world, behind Pont de Québec (549 metres) in Canada and Forth Bridge (521 metres) in Scotland. It has since been surpassed by three bridges, making it the sixth-longest cantilever bridge in the world in 2013. It is a Suspension type Balanced Cantilever bridge, with a central span of 460 m between centers of main towers and a suspended span of 172 m. The main towers are 85 m high above the monoliths and 23 m apart at the top. The anchor arms are 99 m each, while the cantilever arms are 143 m each. The bridge deck hangs from panel points in the lower chord of the main trusses with 39 pairs of hangers. The roadways beyond the towers are supported from ground, leaving the anchor arms free from deck load. The deck system includes cross girders suspended between the pairs of hangers by a pinned connection. Six rows of longitudinal stringer girders are arranged between cross girders. Floor beams are supported transversally on top of the stringers, while themselves supporting a continuous pressed steel troughing system surfaced with concrete.
The longitudinal expansion and lateral sway movement of the deck are taken care of by expansion and articulation joints. There are two main expansion joints, one at each interface between the suspended span and the cantilever arms, and there are others at the towers and at the interface of the steel and concrete structures at both approach. There are total 8 articulation joints, 3 at each of the cantilever arms and 1 each in the suspended portion. These joints divide the bridge into segments with vertical pin connection between them to facilitate rotational movements of the deck. The bridge deck has longitudinal ruling gradient of 1 in 40 from either end, joined by a vertical curve of radius 1,200 m. The cross gradient of deck is 1 in 48 between kerbs.
TRAFFIC
The bridge serves as the gateway to Kolkata, connecting it to the Howrah Station, which is one of the four intercity train stations serving Howrah and Kolkata. As such, it carries the near entirety of the traffic to and from the station, taking its average daily traffic close to nearly 150,000 pedestrians and 100,000 vehicles. In 1946 a census was taken to take a count of the daily traffic, it amounted to 27,400 vehicles, 121,100 pedestrians and 2,997 cattle. The bulk of the vehicular traffic comes from buses and cars. Prior to 1993 the bridge used to carry trams also. Trams departed from the terminus at Howrah station towards Rajabazar, Sealdah, High Court, Dalhousie Square, Park Circus and Shyambazar. From 1993 the tram services on the bridge were discontinued due to increasing load on the bridge. However the bridge still continues to carry much more than the expected load. A 2007 report revealed that nearly 90,000 vehicles were plying on the bridge daily (15,000 of which were goods-carrying), though its load-bearing capacity is only 60,000. One of the main reasons of overloading was that although vehicles carrying up to 15 tonnes are allowed on the structure, vehicles with 12-18 wheels and carrying load up to 25 tonnes often plied on it. 31 May 2007 onwards, overloaded trucks were banned from plying on the bridge, and were redirected to the Vidyasagar Setu instead. The road is flanked by footpaths of width 15 feet, and they swarm with pedestrians.
MAINTENANCE
The Kolkata Port Trust (KoPT) is vested with the maintenance of the bridge. The bridge has been subject to damage from vehicles due to rash driving, and corrosion due to atmospheric conditions and biological wastes. On October 2008, 6 high-tech surveillance cameras were placed to monitor the entire 705 metres long and 30 metres wide structure from the control room. Two of the cameras were placed under the floor of the bridge to track the movement of barges, steamers and boats on the river, while the other four were fixed to the first layer of beams — one at each end and two in the middle — to monitor vehicle movements. This was in response to substantial damage caused to the bridge from collisions with vehicles, so that compensation could be claimed from the miscreants.
Corrosion has been caused by bird droppings and human spitting. An investigation in 2003 revealed that as a result of prolonged chemical reaction caused by continuous collection of bird excreta, several joints and parts of the bridge were damaged. As an immediate measure, the Kolkata Port Trust engaged contractors to regularly clean the bird droppings, at an annual expense of ₹500000 (US$7,900). In 2004, KoPT spent ₹6.5 million (US$100,000) to paint the entirety of 2.2 million square metres (24 million square feet) of the bridge. Two coats of aluminium paint, with a primer of zinc chromate before that, was applied on the bridge, requiring a total of 26,500 litres of paint.
The bridge is also considerably damaged by human spitting. A technical inspection by Port Trust officials in 2011 revealed that spitting had reduced the thickness of the steel hoods protecting the pillars from six to less than three millimeters since 2007. The hangers need those hoods at the base to prevent water seeping into the junction of the cross-girders and hangers, and damage to the hoods can jeopardize the safety of the bridge. KoPT announced that it will spend ₹2 million (US$32,000) on covering the base of the steel pillars with fibreglass casing to prevent spit from corroding them.
On 24 June 2005, a private cargo vessel M V Mani, belonging to the Ganges Water Transport Pvt. Ltd, while trying to pass under the bridge during high tide, had its funnel stuck underneath for three hours, causing substantial damage worth about ₹15 million to the stringer and longitudinal girder of the bridge. Some of the 40 cross-girders were also broken. Two of four trolley guides, bolted and welded with the girders, were extensively damaged. Nearly 350 metres of 700 metres of the track were twisted beyond repair. The damage was so severe that KoPT requested help from Rendall-Palmer & Tritton Limited, the original consultant on the bridge from UK. KoPT also contacted SAIL to provide 'matching steel' used during its construction in 1943, for the repairs. For the repair costing around ₹5 million (US$79,000), about 8 tonnes of steel was used. The repairs were completed in early 2006.
CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
The bridge has been shown in numerous films, such as Bimal Roy's 1953 film Do Bigha Zamin, Ritwik Ghatak's Bari Theke Paliye in 1958, Satyajit Ray's Parash Pathar in the same year, Mrinal Sen's Neel Akasher Neechey in 1959, Shakti Samanta's Howrah Bridge (1958), that featured the famous song Mera Naam Chin Chin Chu and China Town (1962) and Amar Prem (1971), Amar Jeet's 1965 Teen Devian in 1965, Mrinal Sen's 1972 National Award winning Bengali film Calcutta 71 and Sen's Calcutta Trilogy its sequel in 1973, Padatik, Richard Attenborough's 1982 Academy Award winning film Gandhi, Goutam Ghose's 1984 Hindi film Paar, Raj Kapoor's Ram Teri Ganga Maili in 1985, Nicolas Klotz's The Bengali Night in 1988, Roland Joffé's English language film City of Joy in 1992, Florian Gallenberger's Bengali film Shadows of Time in 2004, Mani Ratnam's Bollywood film Yuva in 2004, Pradeep Sarkar's 2005 Bollywood film Parineeta, Subhrajit Mitra's 2008 Bengali film Mon Amour: Shesher Kobita Revisited, Mira Nair's 2006 film The Namesake, Blessy's 2008 Malayalam Film Calcutta News, Surya Sivakumar's 2009 Tamil film Aadhavan, Imtiaz Ali's 2009 Hindi film Love Aaj Kal, Abhik Mukhopadhyay's 2010 Bengali film Ekti Tarar Khonje, Sujoy Ghosh's 2012 Bollywood film Kahaani, Anurag Basu's 2012 Hindi film Barfi!, Riingo Banerjee's 2012 Bengali film Na Hannyate, Rana Basu's 2013 Bengali film Namte Namte, and Ali Abbas Zafar's 2014 Hindi film Gunday and the 2015 YRF release from director Dibakar Banerjee's Detective Byomkesh Bakshy!also features some scenes on this iconic bridge.
WIKIPEDIA
bollyy.com/rani-to-act-in-the-sequel-to-mardaani-mardaani-2/
Rani Mukerji had wowed us all with her brilliantly feisty performance in the super-hit Mardaani. She played the role of a daredevil Senior Inspector, Crime Branch, Shivani Shivaji Roy and took on the kingpin of a child trafficking racket. It is official now that Yash Raj Films is making the sequel to this much loved movie and starting the Mardaani franchise. Over the years, YRF has excelled in discovering talented directors and Mardaani 2 will see the company launch Gopi Puthran, who incidentally was the writer of the first film. Produced by Aditya Chopra, this will be Rani’s next release after the worldwide blockbuster Hichki that was hugely acclaimed by audiences and critics alike and marked her return to acting post pregnancy.
Hey Shona - Full Song | Ta Ra Rum Pum | Saif Ali Khan | Rani Mukerji #Yrf, #Songs, #Duration, #Khan, #Rani, #Mukerji, #Saif, #Views, #Full, #Pum #Contfeed
Check out here >> cofd.co/5mzk0
åêY¾¨eÛQÖè§/Ì[¨SË¥Dv@XWlyÈ;.¡©<)ÖÊütZ#2ÌKèÞ ¾am9#jAWÌ
FW(ìÈÊ2 týiÊݤ4£RÕñ am$ÕiørÈ\Eú\xNf´u~ÐÈøëàþkÎù¦YRksN²)ªÖ¥d©íñåØ@ ·ì}`g*0þwóX|ÞnÒÁ
ªÓ0i÷³·'o`ØñU2ò¦£¥êzG{zDH[«ç0*O!Ê[áÄã·7´ÚÄEô
Ô~]Ðì¢×õ«¦k´ êÍðRÃB¿ä®cÀ,C[rB2ÿLÉzèhÍÔ¤n;pr2ÊC@ÇhËS½NJ9-¡L+ó¯ÏSèz^!]cUªOµ
ºÿy%gù²Q'O¥òv§«êò¤6·kêJ?xäóäÝy¿Vlʦ¹Ì±Kä·¾ôdË8Bâ©8P$ÓDòæ¡yiÖ[Í"¬×
UPÛ§Sܳ+5ð©BdqÙQjöööð]K½¬`&gwû%YÛù³×äÈ+ð»½Jaæ¸LÖÿQ§½ºrD1)f4ݨaâ Hl§á1'éþ3g«Å)Dõ%0ÆHâ}UÜ©¯Ù#3¸x
EÍÅÚø924ê:©gk§ÈßÛ'P)ö²_OÛÙtú}/ñqpCê5CVý4¹°zrIölf8xº:öYbª\?Äô/Êï.1ñ4ø¬5]p¸k[°
¥¹Z#&¿-²ÑÓcêtÃ_>8ëzS]/PÒ4¼¶¿ÑdÿE?Vx"cv£3ÙQAÈÇqõ®ëifð"àÈcëÿ!uoÎ=6ÏTÍf¬À]а$
EùíÈæ6= â³ô³¢qj^iòÏ-m5=RDvµWº{³úîå~}¥åKÒìógÓåÃ8cáýPÿ(¡å«.yjþÏ_ó"á®Ciå棯#õK¯ÖiòFR ÿ_é|\[n¾3#ÎË3Õ|ååÍ/R·Ó¦ºy/Äöè¬ÎòA¯øÊð]æÿIÌ;ÈY_ÌmjQ.g§Î--®gTãÕUvå°PJ¡¯ÄÙ¢Í`T\ÌXèËèâÿ)êKýËÏ?5XÓôë-Raº}Ürcn¢AûG×ævQ¶a`]6\¶<b'÷y'ýçôa0ñ-N<Á CÚ´®e0ªf¹ôy#£*×a^Ûײæõ/,yÑá¸Óí0ôÒÃN¹$1H¤r«Çn\âÌzûº»õE±J¬Üx§åÏÐêXÖB2³þåÉÝêþ²~^¼×9ù^ÄÍkh«ÌñfË˨Síj%Q¢]G´Úã1:1ÿðãÅèÿÇÓ¦XÄÖÑã2»GH8#+âþ«Ñö©ñ¥cû£õ&Û±ËrÏ'
zeô¼ß¦ßÿÑ~¥h·u,B)K$Ì:·ÃMÈÌlY&gÃ
1ÃCû¿÷ÊþU²òì}
êãÒñ~±
ÅÝû5ëkõ2?Pú¤áøY1Öþïú©mÿ|å=X¼M%Τþ
·ÝÌåº]L¤7æ¸ñ@¾"¥æ?,iXÕìm!ïQÐf¦¤(¡BOÏ)Óiá)î¥ü>ix¸¤8¿yLõ&±Ù6¨_Ü]Ï(GKcF´«ñIÛâÙn«?åeÀ#é¯Krøø`b>FIIåzµî½sú:ÆVþ^@²Eñ¼ÕÎ@N2ßùáÅ:Þ-HÓÆ22_Ä©ùY§]I©k:ö õ$ÏV=rÄ;Zy#+¿åfºóùÎîæDnѪª.Û)5'35Ùc/Q->ÎhqâÇ,y$gý&cç3ÃåëRà7ÝO(,ô
{fnËÑDàÃÄ0ú#ý/áxNes¨Iyy,o4x '¯öïV§ò®l% 9¼È¹"ôFÓlô¯+èÚU¬RyWoQfuáY7gߧéBfS&ýsxx"ú¤Çÿ0<±e¢ê6«;ÜÞK+¹dnEØ¿aû#.Óe3ÖÍb5ÞôÊÿ+éÒynæêxPËvÒ/&£á|ÄÖe"t:9zCÃ_SÎt·ÓõémÞrÐÎñÛN|Ydø\¯ò¯ó~Îlâ8yíhf¬RÌgêô-R[+íryMÖ©¯Ü¶¦JkVRÔק}£Z~Ç<¨|#}Rsôø(mÎGý7ó¥þrIæ9!Kbþ¢ÎÄGðþüÿ²\·+ïgݾuaþÖ¼½¤Å¦ùRâÿUÒ!a,¥TC"ü<¾O³AÿÁ«M³zýdKÓ¡Þ¦c]ü?Íþ_ùWsfy§ÎhbFµ%Ù¯ÅÅAݳ*%¯Iga/ç¶O{c©iñjkéÞý]£äþõ#Ó4ÛrÍ~GâmÓà²xé.ùFê{K½-_ZIZC|aóQñn¥+áØ2Lí.¹xtò1xò|?ß$úëÿ0ëúå5½«ÈµÜ,³ü*7î«Ó-á!À¸§)§~IXÃä¯Çô¯¬¸3Æêñ%å»Æé¹r<NF/KæO4¦«¥ùæ)n&õ§!v-éö'7ÚyN¿QÅ)¢Gs׿&¼Çõ"HZBóÄä9cV*wæ¼ÈHÙ:|P1$Uú?4¼Úô\X¨7ð·ÁÛ¢¹^8£ôÜ°ãu0ÿ{òÞW}B+Ô"êé#<úÔÒ¾9÷ÿÒ¯hs^yb
2Ù« ôÔ·°¥sW7N'}8Kòõ¨¹üÒw¦[$qÀøæFjöþ&þò¿Ëón7Mò$2KÒðucNVM÷$1$_ê³
Bºó-ñi5«èÄjû¶XÓïÃýäøGÒräθXç¼çVÒìå´¹¼Üj)ZV¦¿µ/>iÓù*ÖÆÛEnjV{øÝÛ©Èið²ocôÏùÏD²Ñ¥ËÅî<íoI@POlÆË3\M\³Ê0êò/Ê«WÍ·$$ÄTnIf m<ø¸ñïÑÃìí09f$k
?¼ü¿ó?|Ç{uªr³³ð´JT¯Uþ'1a¡éõ4ê!Å3Ä}1úKÍÌ~LÛNòÞ·Ë]a^3»|NÝ
S|¦p·á`&!9òåÍýÔö·(½Ö®ÛR%?²Ù,pÀTÆ`&äó_ÌM3Y_;G}wn²Z}f¬8ñä(Sû]ó7E8ð9µj¡"x¿
êÞVÒîìüº¨ðdBÐu.XÝxþÐÌMv)çèçô°
qlo|ÁuèÖÒé º²Õl$¢"Ëp |æ2QƬñ!@(j>uÍà?î\y
ÿÎ{7`¾²Ö,u¨
,ù
Õ#Z©hT#áåSßífgÃÆ×öÖ/ð¹âaáÿ?K
üÖu?8èÄ¥¡½H1ZHSÔÔÌã¦ü¹¾+ª:pÄÊ|ùªù½?@òèT¹¸i¢ÆP7ùæ#ys¤ñe:Å\_Òþ¼ûË^fý9qkÛÖ¨A?òöÌùLeÃÕèócÉSÜÏøÙo4[)ù6ßGµ$Ýj2«]H~ÓðÜX&rNÏ(£(1ÐêÌ¿'¯!»ò¼0D8µ»{øæ.¶Ä÷¶cðÁz2Ú
f/©-R8ð¤d/'ó¿-5¿2ÄÌb·.'ÚrOl´S¨í4êH3;EyjÏü9ùo§éÓÛ\-'BkÄxfF¦"XÉ.¿K
>~LúWºZÚK¨=j 7p²Of¡2H¥J3f@K«¯Û?ÿÓÊͱõõôð·hô$%Q×ý§hlóÎü¤?º
¾ã5¹åÀxBæìì|V¼Úúiîä^B ôÆñKéñACUÖõ-W?º
_Ébº%ÄÖbiæ¯/ùÌÚ§éÕEQ SÁAÍT`+q0è²gï?ÍÒ¼½o,>W±Òc;{ØRóä }&kùõB{S±yÃê&qááþë<ÏÍéΩ¤iη¾cbªRHÀ¨`|ÊÃÃ(KÒ18¸:ç*Uæ/4\é¾aÒ´¶UßB©ÜDïÇÝk\»xâeüÿ÷.6¢QAüýMå8õxuËQ-¤diÃÇÅMr¡éexH¾X!. kbúNÇÌQ4Qú¶S#ñ)¡úhNH»3£B5_8iPÆcÀpG £¿ÓCÕÉ¿ee°CÆ-øtÓA¶oÓêg|Qçþé3òN«ßSX×mÒÖè6öÔø£Nõ÷l«Q1#@ìåjûByjÅ%FÔõ§µ»ÓBÊð+Fñ@ÝÅpéóF¯LÂiù]åsåÍ.A}xÌìÌbLÚ]kK|WöC(9(ér}ß´HÁSr¨
VGÈ)èŵMO»Â!/ØÊü)¾F31Ü;zYÇ{¢«åÍ;ÊD¯yEneûRÌ~ó\Õm"ëóéfMWgæ
.IÃÊBM¯æ":8SÒÏ«Ò´8 JÑ·&}ßØøfÓJ ºòh¿ÿÔ^ÓHµx"rE?xÍLHûÞËîÜÍFòßK¾1EIûC_Çdée欺éËÌ!ä¿×GT"IRw5í3a,¤Úÿ-d¿ñço¬Ç¼lzí¸Ì¼yê4>ãÈHTwÔu9ÑKóžSÚ¹W¤ts¸élFêk¢5Ù`Ô× §QÂÝysQ¶±
ow´*/Í>YPÉlQ®ðãuÄ/æØ}½GXØ(F¨¡ná<´zøÌ6Ó<Éð,'lGѼnyÎ{§Ó]ÈNFqá¹´Âr$Òò/3yqí5u¾ä\C¨ÎZF¡VU.*5©£fãK\!ÑêôgÁ'd/uÑ?AÛÙB
HÑB¨§Jçrw_ØrO"º°)TaAíÑklóBáWË×vp!@V Äs;Aýå(êe÷õpúRË;KAm/§wGtfÜÖ´a÷ff¾`Ù£ÔÇ&§$x¸x¾§¥ëz^µ5
x¡»õy©ZüJÛÓ5xx½wÂéså k.Ò4ïÞ)o)±=ãÇláeÔzh±MZúáµ{®çh®Ì|*@UC@ 9g>-ùeN8ÂIã·«+ ;±ÙI%ÊäDv*9{'õà²ÌBG£M(TU?h³ðæ¸]-Ú!IÛ$
ÑQhtuî|²\Rnø¦ÓSìñ"lµN2(Ô»±½)á.$ðÈ£-e°·F+Ë®.LR¶wämvK©1ÆÌ
·`ÍRâªuÍ8»ÿÕKK×fQFÞV
¡C4ØS4Ù°#ïz½<ÇêÇîJ|ý$qmzbhÒeàK
n2Í,rÊ"é·Öþ°,Erü4äcÎÖwh`VW¯LÖÎ&Û'+M¡ºúZ¦Öb7+¸#lT¤BÍÖot§bLoü2ÜG£-ñ\£µ²Jâ{gU;¸<~tÛ(ÔåßbÂ=Y`¹JÅMs#g§Òz9"Åùø{·!ôà·61ÙUá#FÛ1<{ïýpq(¦B¼$Q»²
' dÔyÚÒØP£(tisk]Í¥±_VP PâHéZfF(Á<lØ%XàDº²D×sÚÇîÓ;zQ§õåXâ~×W7éfÞX½{Ëhùþ\K×Z\ µXã_ÑþôUdsÂwöXÓ2uØ
qìÝTÁེ<ÃPÞP¤3q8Ò´#è9ô¸ç*¢Ôº%
#Yd£(uÏαÍ!Í©i²RHÀá![®N!´å´<]
}"·SR@+ñxä¼_ Ö2ÑùbÕoÄ
s)R+Z)=Òá´e®§¬WÌÌЧ fXË$ìô|iÉ= eädBìIðÁ»Dç:½²}`ÁFã-,?iIâ«n³S$¥±"ǦÇo¦i°C<A`¢ó@t&dl¿ÿÖ<Ótèg)y94±
êøf³/Ôww8r6äùJ¶Ô Ki¢XÔòB
~Å"
¹6èZyJFÓnæ.9OrúF Ø[ÇDÑ_§VÔår?Â?é±i|¿ç8î¥0D«cé`(µÛ#áÆ·PÕûM4½+ΪÃÖÑòÕ8 Q-dzd:©ÜèS¥Åý¹Èªµ©+½0
4c¿iÑÄ*y¥¿ J+µØã»Hf²yÕ¯#K@¬
+Üd¼"#NduQà¦y¡ùÆÆhQø@ùÁërâÝ bi³M;¹/ö2SÓo»Öwn4®BQc i×(ÇÓý¢ûüÊÈq²¬¿Dn%¨®ÿÛÃ@:}NClÎÞXÔ-ÝÜÐÃ0æÙê>ìÍÔé:= ÕqiFþ=JöÔ©ß±±¿Ë#ÄFrC,ñû¥HôØ×çoOµä*v"£fJi§Ñ} (AVo»+.&bÍdò_Àª8ÍQÒ¬BcDº}^>)Ätôï!Xþý¦n±©MÿÊìè^Kþk^¶gCæ-5o´Ùí¤ª@ö=߸øâC®ÃÂbC£À¯määÆàeðßÇ4Eî0ÌHXQíãt ý¶ 3áÙFK¦ôÊêk\ 'us+Ç¿D¢*âêV¸U?;ýÙö_Îm¦(¶¾F7ô£"tòOòé·]Ò!
[Ê(H+:LcG]òË~BñïA×$gÖE¾3Ï.QAäËv²æz`üÄ{¾ÖÏ1ξݻ§[SêºI×4ÏÒ^»µAY¸ ÿ]7LÈÔbã>/IóÒ_F³¤ß}Íz¸ÀjjiÄP9&1VµÔ!h×e(£lïÐ$§fVé9ÂÊs¦ÒY¤JzUÃ8¹bþoNò]«A§;ßñþ9¸ìÜu{Þ{W/Uw'ò'1C'âÿ`Ó¼Àì¢]¨>gfÿ¥Öã¬üçªì¼X«ùy-PùDC¶
K*µé+/Cf Ü ðäIAäÁeaÜ°IjM¬RO¥·ú2áäÉOJò6«½¸¯ÌæÛ²ñÕÉçõùx2¶¶OÜq:úÿÐì>Vó¬éóoÿ&/ÊháBïN¸«b{सÙ#u'ÚÆÒ-ßíW qÈL%Ç4ÉÅ$V5÷ʶ:©EþÐiɲCÍ´kò¶¾AÐT×÷ý?ÇæËùG/²yCAýÖÇæÇäqw0:짪Ùü·åÚö¡éüÄäèÍåïC5í·K"¸qÇ HË_ÄP7>a·µªÛÛFéAóÖòÈÏ@8kLi×ÙwÌyk²trc Æ9«Aæ=mÏÇpßERuyOVGKtDK¬j>f¸aS¹ÉxÓ®e«Á
òxö©åÍN}BææÚaM#8© ©®Ô9(ån¬ü7æa²¼N»áñ Ú2È+Úù[Î,x¤q°¥ä¦ïAÕ×2ý7ȾyÓ`@á,ç¿°\Óñr
íLqóf~\ü·ÖáÔf¾¾Ôc<kdz ×áäWs
.»7jDòë6*[G
ôAJô¯¾fÆ"¨2³hUrHyïçMËjq^ÂOÞÓ¯§&ÕúbjñqFû¿cçáÈb¹xºÊ2²Q¾aOJ2[¦¥GÅPGLe*Pß#á§2ÓuôSÐeSËvû;¸ê¥Ï@[1¥¹A¦N=Dð }ç|¬8{bh4¨C
3d|úgC¥0g1¹Åɶ·ÿÑìR5òÆåÎ÷F^95à(^*¨1UÃ\+[¡Å]űV½&8¥£lǾ
[R}7SáM¡¥Ð"|G!,,ã¾J³×°Ê%¢o²abùÌ»[ðÈÿ'ü³üüÑù.Å?ÝÐCÍÖÍU¼¥§(ÌÄ»äÆÍÍ< ¡©B~gÑcîS¬ÉÞ¨¬ZÃxáÞ9,üÉTZµO~CúäêÌeèÙZùªV!m©ÈSve2IÔÍè>MÐõö¿¶PhÚ&¡bÞÕÛx.·W¬$eî\+ƼE6¶
W*ÿÿÒë¾Kn^TÒü»F>áLÈ&¢.*¼b«Æ*¼b«*¸`UÃlUpÅ-Ó7LRìUØ«8M«
T]X÷À4±1ï!(F`r©c¶ÈÎkÍÞ½s&/¦t¶R~Å$jDZÚʪ»qË (ÂL·µ$ZÜR:Ð)#)#w3é"ý)èîÄßãé¢Ü¿ìSèÉÄê¢1yZwêú2ÁEªZà_&Ajå±ÒãÏ´{»/+ÛÇJ¾@LÉöÓOPR@8²ÈK ³D`W¦Ft®M?ÿÓëCn^PÒÏüSO¹Ëãɨód#$
ãWUxÅWU±®ªáWUØ«x¥Ø«x«¨1VU®ôkxÏlUaµõ\«Mªh+¿GÛ ÁÂËl``àâ*höMÖ0~|8÷'÷¬ý`?ÝK÷aðãܼg½±¥Y¯HÇÝ#·õeè£
"ÝèÂ:(ZÞíTTJ¥µÈTdB´íØÿÔêòé~ÃõÿÇ\¹²Qb¼`Jñ¯\UpÅWUv*ØÅW
Þ*ìU¼RÞ*ìUÇ5·\qUZm_¢Ç(IëþÏþÇÒÿ±JO¯þÏ×?ØýOþ6À¨9ÿLþÇé_ö¢ÿã|RÉþ#äiúvß éøàÝVñ'ý¯îEuZÄö½ÿ¹;ªÆÿSÓ¿÷$þî¨YN~×éÿ£ôGük fý)û_âO£ôükT¾ïËüQþÇêßñ®(¯-ÿÆÿéü2²Ì/?ø:ý9ðeóÿÙ8BIM%Tzð¥Â¾»OÂ]ã¾S8òÿÛC
ÿÛCÿÀ4 ÿÄÿÄb#!"12AQaqB#Rb¡3r±ÑÁáC¢$Sðc²Òñs³Â%&4£â'5eu7DTUdÄ6tÃòEV¤´ÿÄÿÄB!1"A2QðaÑ3Bq#R¡Áñ$4b±áCrò²â¢ÂÒÿÚ?üÔ|Èmø;Þòâv~åS¶IS*yíjY¦3[ÄêprülÀ̽¼iö\Iëh©Z)ß`võMcÙjá/צØGì°,pÚ!j¡'nÕ6fOÙ@ë(¼4Ö!jR°@~~Úñf²½ïËåamM'Ë|'êèÄòåÝJÅÓ\1ËxéC¢u.
åÒð¦9yZ4]¦Ø>EL»©Xñõ\°×§Ñ.áò_
¡´"¥ÙÓi°J¦ã¸ÀmùÍñ¨tSGÊGB:ò
¿yÁk
:}!¨
©µÙr`Gþ¼ÌªmCEï\¥u;2«×ßÚgíè4.*V¹ÄóßdaýLÏ+ÉxÍ5PÐa~ê«ÞäLîpÕGGPÒ¤saesk[Û¬vÅÑ")J¥Zïxµso}6hÀÓ@{O[}ßi4Ô¾ÚUvVÍñ6ôiC¤Z1Ë{ïÌzþRîêõwTelj2Ó¹~ßûH6
F@aIJ÷ksuéi{ÁT2ÕÓ²µö´¨Êe4®¶ZáÈgKYNÇiSázʺ7#U½ªÜ^²ÆÜ=Úõ.=²ö{ÚËmïÒ¸ÆØkðñزó+r*ò2Ö[Sö
´»pó[c¸öµô4¸µ%R°Ä¿õìçµcIÚ¸zÀÕlT¶&ØÛÎip\ºnÒºä×Îl=wäϧ¤Ù!FVj}¼a myFÀ²iÿ¢Qèð0±G´$²¨+c÷£U2ݯoIÌ6b³Øn=&mTR vRy¾òþ)VD@Iºì<XX^»w?yEk+7£e¥ü\¾òØò4%æôŦö´lW&ó}¡u!Ýÿºo±Ê-¾L5º|§y¾1«8X±åÚhÍ`ߤ@d3:,¢ñXDA6"¥30/*$À$ÌÁmYm"H:.&Y!7
x¦iEhP¤®Ë
%*LÐ#kÚÐ;u¢¶të ¤õ+*D´QÚØ´$â
Y²åµ¼ÌÍ¢²,ùzûH¥Z×ôkRêBúÂÖ©
[7Íød¬ÕFïwv÷oVPµMBï|?yt
Ãy@àݬ$®QI£%êwËæi\½=e3i@§ÎZ2òÖ¤ìÖ
¬Õñ$®Ð7é)È$ØGEi´ª/#hÂ`H ¥@36i'iVÞPl&ÑPD°E`Z0³ä IEý]¦ZM⣴FBE@ØX,`ÑQÚo
!xP
ÄiI°¦»Âim{h vDÙPÄÄd Y^´A'´i&Òµ-Í,0 XD¦b@è@Q B+:-Z`¤ZÅ¢µÚafDVE iHQ±0{ÍBðm¬0 @ 6X´¢ @&bRT¤JÐEäk*VÂòYq1P,(¬FH´Å¥QI+LÐÂíÖË/Õå±Ã3F
=åØD ¸Àï²VS¼ªZ8©^ïï"jXLÍQ°´TvðW¼O&£ä&ÁR${CRÕ¼w)¥ëRÓ{gKVó}á4¹i)«FÉhkËÚ
Ð(ÙCh2Ð(e
¼v#v
,'(XNqà(gC8¬RÌ«"_ÖM#8Å#´°à)7õ¤gC8¬PÎ(g3
%Ï,R20±C#1
ÌBFF;|Ǭ,Q20±C#bbv(dabFC#ì駬,Pí=ab,PÊ!HÎp Ra´s°ÚÌɧ-æsbqâñMV4ÈV³?C<Î^M]ü[á¿Hÿ5
ä%BI {IåcÞß¡ü_K³óÄÆÔÔzu\Ôzyêñã^ßo1á¬'h·\±ªQÒÓ|¦1#ÛôWѧd¥BªÒÞ¢§ìEÿÒyoäú5߸UJÅ»×ðý¯ÌúIËÛºÝ1O7õYPËÖibàÇiëËÔDT/뿬,!ý!`¹Yø+TÊ´²30Ú²L¦{d3_Æ
R.N¿QsbqÜI¯ZQ.FÓ=ej<Ñ'aeå%bà,ÈMAÞg°úGF¶ÑÒQ)FK&Ð+#oÒÌË"Ág¬0Y;fq"PÏT)Tµ39'ilïLy9qÚ±W§èôN]!Ñ´)¨·îÌZúÀZ@»zLêQk)§N²©ZJP³JMò/* Ç©Zq2l¬G¬|üGm©øpøöuÿnÏûÍ8ãZLËá³DÊki±lRAêTZePýNåCiØ5cï/hnãë´M+ÕI.£Ü¶Ñå̶ÖM<|ð}Xßaqç
c¢ÚzPæÂëêzM)®°zz\áÎÓ)riÔ®@?9M¼4®¶µÆC|"K5"p×C&Ø[¡ð
1-?×ý£µëìTÛÖ-¡®QªÓ¢`À
¬Õ©eÚR©_Õ~ÎÖæhJFrRYÙ
oæ0ðYE©:BI-.xÉN¨r/ó
ápÇzYÓûþ¦ñªC;¦Ð§>XÚF1q_9vÂ
1«/Ú|ÂfÆq:i½ª¢ipÏTýEíO-}¯*k:@BÜwº
=a Pña¿¤¡¦§JCcn_½à!´6ÃZÔN+Ý¢¹uaê¸øjÞe6Õ2s¢t
¥²éO
£Bkª÷wk':Qv]UdÛ[YõNK¸{úmuýC#jvRq¦^W[P'¡^a"Å&Z Åò¦e²ï¨é-4M¿OHç´¦+?¼`çËUÑ+\ÕÉ·ÑÑhÃÕlkö¥cí&ËUëìͲYwîxyÊ¡ªúz7¡n
)ï5!¿Yíºú-Vª)¨sM*2£þN¡T A©ß³K¬ûKhðú¨;LZùú[®Ò¼q¦Z!vb¨³
6ÞgåÑãÂK&
̤Ümq8¾5E5=ÄXÇ30êòU¢rFÈuíï´æî7ÇÊZ5CWìCï+?1öåq
´é´£HÈ7Uc°öùæ×o££V¨¬Ãµu{¨[Þc³Vz2z1ù¿y;5².64Ç-Ñéosi\/´Xø³¹`?iH¦ªÊNëP¥·¿õ¨JúVzTÅP*T8ÝSí%ª
ÓØ©R käKm·¤×¢ÚõA^Òr¤³&äyu(ÊZm
¥eŻνݦ^´´,IªÈQX`Àwqô´YÛ)ÊN°e7ìË]T(åö2c([3¿
=¢£:Ù¼2÷)öVWáÇ´ptáCuÎ&ä}HÔ¨mÓ»ùJòxi\û%-s~ëÐ[À:b´'(m:QwÆä¾^ MgÀ^´*÷ê¿ÁGfÕ׫x
eEê¾c1¶{/UÅîȤãnÌGhh¡Ìy~õ·¨Òäbi;{óU=?Hɪ9[©VN2m¤tj_oï3
TQ©¨4׳ǻËúÁ-HÍ©Ø4VwT»SüÙ~Òu¶G%`»òÓmjË´l¢;;1w¿hYY]£+[µý"¡J¹míã"eµ6Ò:+\7
mZ·°¶:Û%æñå
ÖÏtýàÚö±h¥àì¬}ßÐÔìÿy®1~e7é©ÞC¬
ÙP~r¨Æ'øÁ:Èv´`%úJµk+ÖÖïùogÁÑyIhQs÷h\¤yйDÙB)>©¯0ËÊô>s}eðek)L5eR:Ͳ6ILa;@&@ l@H !@B (ôhÉò6Ò+*ÈÐ¸Ë ¡L±1X4@¸ì&аÂmFx¨ÆLh3NÓ`#¢´^iè¬ØQ ¤lL&3b`t{JÖLZÈ´Â
4@$Gi±¦b6¬ZÓ¨ìFBA 1QØ
P±¬@X¡db]6&1b+I£±ò33¤ÞjH
´åèdÌÆ'Úlß2÷J"ÿ(Ïox
& @&Ð+´À`¤Úh ,ÑIÁI´ ÈM¦`§h(@+DVt#!.ÎÄE¿H'I¬³Ë0ÚS3@,@ m*© §i[AQNÓ6ª`4R¥m3¥)iBµ h©t´D@)κL
ÂÊÑ)Xý&»Bi¥^hÎ+MöM,Sn¦EË-dâ a¬#¤ùBÀÊ02ÊXÅ'!4Ú"þ°ÚúÃh!Xm7çl ¼vð°\á`ÛÄÊF#FñØ°7
äa`¹BÀÈÄÎg3Eàäí~r¼¼¼üàÚ7õõõNBC!H¿¬ Ñxm^P.qX7çÐäbØ6ÈHí TLe+/Y6)F¢¥©õü¼!áþ%â}*+Ðøxyàóç2úOáÛÛòçÒ}EJ¹Õ¡,
Að#ýý£âã©|aíòõB©í
?R_§¼öq¨zSú}àÞÕÝk5§_í8ù¦óçú~ ø/
ÓÓéèY#ºB·ë8°û½¿8ùNy}JÒãÁñ¼¹L¶#×NAc*àí'¬£#*à¬dap-9$ÐÄd¹ZFFdd"Ú²[ÌÚ#(¬"ñQÒ2h*ÜùÈR31XFð°Vt´8>qÙ%o6Bôi©IL¥jÍk¼ÓY%²
,,N^°*Yn±ÙÙï(Rp>lLÀQq0¡ÔÈ£TÊa@RôϤΦjªS¿IÞ¸ô¡é/ÚÔ=2&Z«hgzs-´Ó>c¤«É-Ôô3
dyMuí±2õmýa¬¦Ó5eÀÊ©-¡gd|Ä×YEÀÄÌ´ÍJáð?ñ ¶¯ðÙ¶ÌÿÂ¥V´|&
¦ ¶ÝDæÆkÛõ½¢ì1¦Þ}eÙÓ«Ód#oâcÞüOÞg´°å`«¡
wB£ÖÓGB´Ñt@-á~¦b-jè¯O³µÛÈu´+SÒÒ³}»Gû G´.0hú©ª¸TlÓ,{¶0ÚF1+iéÌ¥[i7j4¡i#±¯ÉcW
©h].)ÿµn{JtT!4٠ݲùIÞMÃ-e¡tÈrB©ÊÊo½¶ü¢·N8~ç:`*8#vèdù4`æWU±Èt>Ѧ¡KqÊ/×oé/he1^ÊÚ@
UÛå·l²gHÔªäíÍø×oÚ,òRú"
oºªoý"ÕÍ¥´AU·ËàÊoûjÇÊ¿ªInÉÖÄ{EpÏ9VÅÀk¾Ð¸gáôyª-¯qÕÆÇÒ+Ó3§2ò¶W³MVQб²½NÍCr·÷Ùês¢+O7LqÝê}=¤Ùè¸éQ;ë¶;Ù?v4l¥¦ªÒv=æ?¼.8ÓÐè&f/L8ùrig§µSKp{}²¥±ÝHã$ª>¢®I`£Â)¦Í°Æ}Us
F2grØìym¼Ïwv1ºYÙ±³ äýáWéÑMM¤¦ËÈjæ?Íï3h¶Âõ1LtqOyÍ°YOJP ®Þä[ÎFSÒÓ}µÁݱpÚDøµ4ÕV] z\þ³Ë[
S\^6,£k~sDíié
×%ï¨ÜkLö9e2ÕCD ûPÍOÄ^Çõáå0Ú`ªÁ©ÿoi,v´Ók¶OËïoé4ÚûH§§+ITu|¦þ´\¶ö+aÞÆS=Õ8=Õ4ý
äVKÚ×FJa`Ì>÷Íï*&Æ30¬iÒaò¥ÁýïîËØTìÉ`¥Vì·&ñ¯h+i9Ûj*yµäÜ«eQ¦
Òá:Øb;¾.Y½».2g«¢-QµFLrRv«BðÇ+S¨[ÏkÅä¶VtUVË1-QWý"¹k¼(1ݱªßW¹fß®Ý&篱´-^ËO ÝÓÑG¡[ÁéhìÕãoï+)p×lH$o)éy[@Ý©8~#æS3÷HáÈ
¨¢§Ì
ÿ¤%:¿Ú¤1Ëý¡,w)Ò±`¹øÊËî.áOAÈ Ï¾?¯X¢/Òw.
F®'#Qö9~Rîò¸illÅs5¼O¬-¥_Ôhò]ùQ¾bÞ~ÒW´´SA[§KÊË)ËÑnuÑ+·-0Gó7ä£i®v§Ó.ÒïÖÜÃNPäËÖJÖ®©%Ïÿn#+4¨ä
Q<EÿxY\.Ji®Y½kFVÐÀ;£(óQ"àµi¦
XÍÏáIgkÅ1LeMÚÁåk"ÚoâòÂá6ÛDcó±ö1i-¥R)¦Ë»·¼IÊ6iCùJ¦KB¡EGį]ý£#Ågh#ã¿ûDDÀúL©¶Ðl½ab÷FÍ[©0í0ÕÕ
nõKhðÌçñ)Y§E$!
ÞÚ:@Öð¼EMÍ
ùY£&¤xsLjЪÇÄKÇÂ\K+h^n÷í/tÙF¢¾_´êÆusåå¶äÞ§(o¦n¾³FVu#h]O¯6òжÑ&+1Ä[/a ÑhI¢Ñ ÌNÄ
D-3h^+©0Øí"®5Z^;
ï!vH-'hªeÍy»Þ2·7¤11ZíQĽ¡Ro3Ú»Öñ¬
U$T6VM¦{BèÞ
dlß´¤äË{¤)ÐzÈkhe åÜoÃÒfe'çï5µÜ&üß!p-~Uï@µA[ÛåhZ×fÌä¿JFSgKù½G{ðõI¥«oyL׬ÙJÊF^Ztcö²h[NsJѼdhÓbb4Ñ"6LM V1 +if M´Û¬ T
òý¢°12Ïx¨Z#! ËÐÀÖ L, Ç@^áA7/X¨"ÓM$HÒôkHM¦V²46DvTÈÆ)8¨Ë*87
mN&:R-N&1I¼
Ó^´A+m+YRf@LÏY´ÐI @@¬@X"Ĥ¦ÑYÒc!
± º bØ&ÆÒU4¡K&I£¤3
[lzÊfYß^fcè¦sg͹tcÃ^Ç CX¯QmæÔá?ßKÉû)ÆôékT=EúIË©ÇGCÉ,¾&§CÑû×ééëÒròuqû½~/½Bþñ&TXR®Õqñ6·õÇ/Vçê¾./ô»iQk-ÆãÒ{ïO¼ø¾?gæ_xÖµN)²RV©³°°§:û}÷1Î¥jõEøñõ´ëª^>wø
µæq·¿÷'.s§ò<ñ§è¤Z4(°^³^·æ=g$åíééiëqÃÄÊmrut@8ê@mÌ^â¥F3%$bÁÞÌ:H]¢òµBòZmChEáChDB2ô1®É½í21¼½e6YرZq1T¯hH6еLÝ7Mhl¹ºgkJ´Î±eQYÀ¿HPµ
å
Z0PÒ§³ô¶W&ìϽEÊ0Qi²M/-ý¡¤&åðOñ1K_°ÖÔÿÐÿ´Ïk¿?L ^¾ÅÂÝ®ÿí8ã(ËÓõõ5t®Ew½®:^idæUÓéöC3÷zÖfçÍ®K2Ñ¥_+ô8r JÁªbmM¯'he¦¾×.2ì/Õ¨<èðo¶P? ÚU:qÆ® ¹±ûN%ã
4.ñ¾þ¡ýà×XJéH=
µªcpnm"áBÔ¤uWN÷ùd\¶;½EÈÓvÄÅý´3ð¹©ò*(¼6
DØúµfÃï
Ä{Bõ\ëY!^D_;Û{ÉÞ
ºaTfF¾ËéÐà¿VzN¦ÁÃt-WEÙ¾D6=rîÝe=; P¹>[ÙÞr<´Âam
"Ф-{vEòÊÚm
t´¹SnJdsªrØùßÊav'ÂÑ¥C'¶-{ÛÊÚ:Bõ,,Ì,|[ÞGm-tÀ
KrÁÍ4tÁÙ.íQ^K/YcRºù]˼;K`Òº¶;øÆÇiBiÈîÛó
#iEJ :Sfó´'h £á±ËÂ- ¶R(â×Ã÷c:¯iRúVUÍÙ]|0?´ÑI[BT['gÝÃ
6¶!9AÆÿG¹LÀµ@ÆÕ;à¯/åã£êCP2¶ð,s¢ÕЫ..V¨ÂÞQ/r·5«dÀPo<ö;ià1ïc½ýºEJÝJðâ2HfÇ=E£=×SÑ%âÕлÙ-º²ÛòÚ2ît
O(R<ÄIî-ÿ/£xøEZw0ÓµLS@ëÕXѲJ Ø|-â¬ÏFãê!¿eÅWñmIÜÃDÞýÝnahñð[£êa<@Såú
Ä¡ï_Ê!´¨:AMÑÁz}Óé/r§ Pïà!HܤÏäÃùHþòi[¥(TN`Ã]ߤh¹@ÐÜ^Âøåo©{É©hÙöNlýzÖ.V¦3fX¸ó](¶¦VtÃèr2nZá¤k*¶H÷¢ÖSºÊtÉúºàÙUï?i(Úè¬Ä+3_]Â×¢ÿÚ¿y¥®·s÷²¶FýcÞ®¤½y»ÒÙ/$xZý`FÚM¤ÙÐ.WInQe߬a¼xÎÌÊÝ/áa¯3NÅW¹vw<Ý0R²Mì½<ü%T#óþвZQZÚ~»{Í)¶R³ô {ÎaìÔl×'A%é¼Û¦vÛL7ÿÛ:±óém3÷gO6Ú2á,Y¤³
ÉÓ/v@
Í¢ÀÄTh&`A¢/Ú12-vXÌ@Z+:&ÒgBhèËy!´ÍVH)!@DÑb³)ÞM¨¸HÎË!R" LMMºÌõ²ûCY5gi*WPߤKç$ì¼$-ý¦:ÉÙóßÂ= R§·ÒÈP)
4²0
/Ëë
ZUìöºûÌÔ¡ÔùZM4-_ÃÍí#YQ.YF^Òè" tSü#ÖW´,Um)Q³þ.%j3c}HÏñJ´ÚÿÔÿxãË5ë6fÓHcÞÞ\%¥ÝÏ´.Y¶ÐÅpÚhÞkc¶K!@ùÂ¥¥6LM à@è@ÀÞ@&Ð*@üP1$P Be ÞbϸL¤¦ÑYÒ#! mLV°10°Âb´vM¢°Áñ@&Ó{MLMwi$MM
hè#
ÃÊTh̸¨$(P
Æx&Å¢¥&0A,@ÍÒɱÀ&@v ¡ÚD))´a1R¬F @ t BJì@Ä
ͤÞ]D
¦ÐMþ]*Qi³*ºX^1¸ÆÞ;âohpªUÍGbT¯ý§Ïu½\aê^×EÑgËø|7â¦ÿªê´Õê 1|v¾æâxoÌý£ø/õ0é¾øµÞ«ýWQ¡ë7,±ö÷røL1ü=5[I©Ó%PÙªÑðßÄkª§C³©~_ÔÚz??oÛòïøÙÃÔ=Í*éU2Saë=3ý>/xýhá¤Ú±hL@ E£³´ÄBÙob@´¦mÒB¶Jð+´ð°Â¸¬¨F1n³E,Ë°`o,ÃiH³yI0 À@@!.Áoð°-dÚ;B¶f«Vñ)KÅkE0«TEäQ©"Ò5^J¬'(£0¸ë*Lj±10FM)f^P8ÒV§I³6
LºVROxi¦Ð
Û¬[@4lS|È@¨×mmI¼6E±bL{@Má´ym^@Ðá´y@^NÐ(;@0 M6&`@6ÄÌB20È@Uxì"æ*¼/*¼/YTÎÎÑxY":vÇTØ^aÉ£ËÌñÝWgN£)7SÆê2¹Ñᷧ濤Þ8{z
Wì×*j^Êyÿ¬Ãöý?ã8±v|2µF/J
éåÞ{ãíïãõðâk¨\MFèOwÿFsòg§±ÉÿÛôÀ¦U-Ú2íÔ¢§y*©£=ªöË^O«%¹4Õ25ñ§b-¶½¦iËËAÑAÅJgNÇ¿Ú?K¥¯X0Ó*.¥Mç"E¶^2[&*åïáa+hi¬¥4"Ê¥)ÞbCJ\4ìòVÅïuåM¶é¿_Ið¨7ÔÇÙeª>ðØy;C\cS3]¾J×, ÚS:KHK+nYºMý |pq¦)ÈÈãáï{@©+BïE
g=m°×p*Qõ0*TÕæéÓylòòZzvI
UµÁë¼Ña~ºn^dX`ÔîFûÿhg´Lª§P~¯{Ú4dTQNPÁ/vÆ+g¬ªM?h£êê]êô#Þ/.|âJ4c&=bÈ¥¶Ø_xü£T.!XH6s$¼%¸zʦ+ÚäK}ß»9DH~3qdRÍ°,ooÒNéÕgÕëÓJ,qrvüÒázü½Å?¶v?f{ª?)Ð1ƺQ4ªHï#f÷ÞSP´pöjÁCÕTälHò´W*ÇH+öz4û6*ÖC¶]#òé- hH+K°ÉhÚÙ8öúIÓJ¨¬áZ5¤ââÞw´5ÂVéÕt+PûG´.Ö}Cs½.Ï¿öÇÞNðe`ÒS«nÍÊöù¼ý¦[C]EN:ÑCxØõ\4ë8VSQS»¶?¬68pf.¿mR dV~[/ÒeÜaFm)(ð¥S:¡¨óîý#¶yE¦¦VwFzL3jå'ÒÓM¡MÎä{¸0£;ÞVðåÎ8j)Ûg"@÷Úgå`áëT0Ðvk¸i¤M£Ì+ÒÅEÍFa»X|²¼§¶¸h;LÖÍîBì²nU¡þ¬
.¹zuåZ¯ma{1§á
Ï,µÂÁ¡!W Zö±®]-îl¢e}>QIéàzµö²»rÒNÖCF®'#ªo;C}at¨©RôÇ ¿
äZjéӨػæ»âÀ¸¹õå:Âä¥M&q\ne\+
i¤féÙN]ïh\ªÚiÐUe(ÊÊX[q´«+V êÉA¨oo/iã3ÓLAZtòTË©¹fËóiËkÓSΡ¬@,ée®jëöÆÍä-ýãcºï«dä=EPÙºûJÖS³BéÆO
ªØûúH©
ÊÚTsja'gÝÅÌÕe2½(ç"ئ;ÈÕ˾v¦].Æ&[JÃDºZÊ6Ôîìl-òÈ=¡Q¢Vî÷|/+I;G,l¨ùySR¹ThNQÇ+,º;}[5[ÍRnKõqòý¾ð¦¶«)7Qfûßí
MÉN|¢Ü×ü¤¶ê$t{ê|¸°F©øNÈ:<vôÓs
z¨ýb¢Øô´ùQVf!r£§ºOq
¥ÉlWùzå/Tìq¥
pP1I=õMsuë"Ü3Póqù¼u%¹
ùvÃñ¿¤¸Æ2er¥)ݧz÷õ
JwVű#óðS¹LG¶ËÕ|!©Üi%ªeótõ¤«b´ÍÀVõ¶R4®l»\÷þµr«*ôLaõQAizIn
òrËö¸BäûKt¾ÑSNá7¦0ü#¤°4kbËÕGve¤«¸ÅQ/å¿IiØ}\,ÍqÓðûLõÖl°L|reÓÔNí2Ö1é'¼,ü¦¨¦Rum-е-å¢×¤Ôx½â´ÚÇ¡/ÄÈÏîD߬
} »
1ë&Ì÷·{ÞÃh°ûY·KxË]1×`Và3m9õOÙÌ]
y@í]¹mò~òîåÒAX£5ËÍÞý¦Ú©ªú¯¼»3´©S+iN×Òë,é{Ó-ÔTÓÆͶǬ«aVlezw1ñ´o!d´i4%VEeIµr ¤1Ǭ®ñØ-¤@fh4lZ@AJ⢲¤ÒËcÐvS´£CP-ä®Õ5R*ºÆ2MnO°éï´qÆr}«ÜÔù©àbmjÞF²°ÊI[XôX^%½`ÓhãÝýäÑÒ²A¬bvéYEÞ
)m¿1»tòftµG?ÇùdªÕ1¿^_å°FÝ
Ã,×é¼
T¬Siv¢Ø{¹xA+UqKxË+Z,dÔS¼fød½f¨hV²mT·{sk+[5ÃyЧÀÇL7J]»¼å$Ð@&ðÐJ v@Áv+ÑÀ6L++0B\pöß'?Oücô
C
Rû§MA³U
·ÏÖ|¿S×e?¡õðýßpüÁñïÒÝ]z>WCS
DÓu²ww3z^ï·ßtÝKê!Mi¢Tµ/Ýkõå·0þ<«½ÿ=ÿg¾à_zu/Îá¦÷¿ô~XW§_'gëùïû>Áþ+)ëdZ|Àtî·ë:øsÇ?o¨èçôµ_øõ$ªÔMÈoo9ÏÍ8àêãä¹ôo
¸~©RRFWî[ËoÞqñí§ÊüU¾«£¤BoÒ}9bü׬Ïtm;Þ.Ð3@ @Z;Rb@¼²m"+h¼dì¬/&e´2DxìÑJEE,] Í`8ÚQ)6L-Ë°B¤Èh´RºÄÑK©0
m
!JXV¥ÔÈÖTWY9yUuÆ2j&zH²\HUzIY¬|¤ Út3hXáÓPa¼°À&ðEåk ò%@²@eè`TZÉk I´d/C
´5k CYhÏYhÄZÈÖ@²5!¬
d JÖBm
d¬ZÈ´M
6¤é
$XÀúCI0>èZpö¤Æch´´[ÒUH´áí'I0ö,aí.
=¢ÖkÑoI"µ\ÝYXÛL=øÇVtzZÎAWa{o1¯£¢*VjhS!:gêßUø+z7¦YOKu?ú´ñù³·WÍû~ ø[ýZSjxâå9å_'ÔL½ÅVǬöøxõ|¶Yì¼Suë>Ö{34Ô¬vfOgé
E£³0ÔZ{/YU´ëhNóFV°{£ë
`mìÄhìý%kÚªNÌúG¤{1Úf! ÚÙ)«Gf%T'hOf%hMÉÕðkÙj¥ºÅ¨ØÁm*Î¥i"Î]$ÐÚ\zÍitS/h2ØGBΪD´,RBÍq´íbð)A6]£±pM£+%ýé,Xìâ³ÚÞÞRDB¬"ÖWeÄÃYIpPÖU` >ÖE5jÙ/
³WòF0öÙITV;3é
l!BÆ¡oÿÊü¦øyþ?N>ª<C£ÛóLán j4ÈiRæ
Cßî_ÞyL¿`Ëˮ޲ÓSb9ÄúM¢åYD±ÖÒ·iUB [ÛÖopäÎ}D#\N9\=ÿ¬ÏË2i¨¦¬~k%¦W-|,M*«¥ü~°¡ÿÖkåå QËzhi&ûí-×PuÒ+ä%UmëÖI]?kK=k
¨#Ãóy]JŦQªiö˼@$`vö¸é
JZhA²ÖþÝçHòA¥Z7û0s鵤m%G:Nɲ³¹ùzøÃiN~=,§¦½L
«s¶òüµðt£Î¥ =û÷±ÚcrY½Ï×ÖFì²®>BêBÜ×î9f&ѪQl¶Ö3m¡#ê¹QLð[÷+úH¹NQWì
,Û¡r4zG4º½oÒÒ6S'êMoÙ-AäzÍ7hÓ%T)`ß+t_¬ µ2h*1¤Ý#ﵤí*¨Vºj}ÝÉä+Ô|½<cÞ«WÔXóiÚ}ÐÛíÒi¼#¶ª¦ØÈíw}¼ç¹:QïPv°óm-1Æ`Ϧ"ȳ1á1¹tSGÔñ.¦M¶ã»ýáréÇX-=/ J-J/t$õ´Æ«WE]Jçåoùűë+« ¾®øØï3ÚNÈÚSÿá 7âè:_Âm¼Ï«3½ê(©ÏÿÚC90¬)³½NØø[ÒgEhú_&EG©eK'F{~RîTÒ9AÝÁXbl|åm¨é¦ÉZ \ÓXoÖC<%u=+QØj?'7µÌÃi(´Ñ Î¥Ôcb<v¼*KD*r¢\ë·á1\¥¡t¬
Ý:mÚig¬ôÃ"Ö½½emY_KIöj-|Þ3¦Òµt`**à1Êä¦ÛtÄBäÒ/h67N#aËmæ{.á}=(²%éM°{\ïç&åÍ{kú«U¦æ&*|v·vÓ] 25o²¦Ý§íÁ4S î¯g»³Øf,-£hl§Bõ¨Þ£#,îéégMIFkÛÈÅ´2¹_OJ+1~[o/i]OOnqeç½[yÈÖUÜ]OLW¢¡Lwµ.±V~Ë"6²~ÑYíJ¹.WëaËJã®X6ÙûÍuaºÁDÜb}fÚ{!O;!9yZ:a¹":Lô\.dÛb=fäÚKØ ö/d\¥öѲV'¥Çânt¦¾ìxæ¸Z 5~g¤ÓTn¡Ë
·òñ6o1é2Ôm(4òYNêßM½ÍüÓNÚ¶Vtüù$k*ÚHh ùõ2uÝ
kö1ÒvýTc{´Ê¥ªFSK^Ê®õ{uR»'Õ¤(î´^V7õ@§+ÖÒW´'±æôP.U±`O¨m¢¥mZ@CË=¤ê¥m
(ÚÑê-;7áÐaL¯öí˾å\yçÁT y%@¡ùm"p¬·ÝM¯UJH_ùÿNÐWȧhí³U(¶^²i¦CQÏo¢<³0¶7ù¢á_¤Rê3é4fÐý&¦g+eãåáï+YeÈÔ¶ÛY^àFðÓFtÃ&ªJ£¥æÊ×Þuc:±¶ä#Èʦ+nkc4f¸m% ,Ø`vð1$"ñXD$Ò¬IR¹JúH2`}" XÄÉ°É:-㣰M¢*-¢¥¢t"\LQo#I2yj- D¨uF¦µÔ#-`͹+öâÌ·lGþ¼a×±DÚäwi~_hRf´mÖg¬
EmÖEmý<âQO7HWØ+i²«Vve¾öìÑU¶¼¥
û¼ÞÒiv¡Ôß/Jí[r÷Aüæj¥L2©6¹N=íý£¤QµâµX(¿¶kl\1jNnîÓFkm³ÀZn uÅ+°JTè¬ÑYP´
Å iRn )1´`V`@lLTÞvËÖ(FB@,i@×#¼TáA¦ÓhD
10M¦ñRMàLØÄ4Ú-(&@Ú:Ð À)ÚÄm¡x%@&ðU§é+Y*0ª#MÄÌõM`x¬&eb#¤P
mLÀúG@±`}# 0> 0> X°>ÐHPHP6cÖgFbBb
M MåRÔj*y¹Äy¼SãÚ¢&_3øóâÁ¡Òêhé5]aÕÂß³éýçËuÝ_Ý®/ªø¾yrÖ>>øʧļK²ªýOMPaSMZêçÒ.¥IûߤñרxÆ«P2¨ªiÔËd-é=¾Þ1éYg2J¡XDz¡Ô93µSEMdå{úßûÅN®.Içûÿw[M¬«Òrßôù¦Ya¾Nç¯ç¿î÷</Ô¨B;"+°½ïÐßý§Q<n¼¸£/o·|¡~)¦Ókb¼PN7æÞryÏ-eñÿ+Íôþ ¸U¤.é°éd÷OÅò¿¬Î.õ:X-§v1¼¹g/k#b @ Ú b@N-ªÈÒXÌÔH¥+´(B´(#Q`BØv¤ÞZlÊ-(©bp=ãJÛJ ØTi!0@@¬ïVAZ%Z¦R¢ÂGY;VÂEVËx.ÐÉ3ÖEð¡jñ2hj²c3©UÁÿ)w(ÚùHÔìám4²ZS+6&oBÀ6±ÔÚ,Öchi"Ñ4¡k&vÌBÂq1QZaBͲ,ba¬45i´5bÐÖED5bÓZ#m
i4 D(0£60¢±(XÆ,c
1
a¬ÅBÆ0¡cèXÆ*1
Â
c¨0
è
a
;GD0
&Æ¡cP±(XÂ:c¨Zq
F¡cZH±ÖV²,c
$XÆ=«qn±j§/0JNOÍÒg8Ãlô§ÆWIAé+-FUÈs
ÿ)äóDKôéã,vå®3õ.êù©³xÊèX`ÕÁôDÖP#ã¹reJè£KÕ
{66Køqé¼ñ2¼½>3庨OÐ@ÀúJ¥X¸òý¡I-½!J°VСbÞ¤zB·¤ª
X·¤*$Ð6Òªö@øô³c
$Zp>J±iëi²-nÒÇ-ÇPbÀúBŬ)6ÌÖ&@&ðUÀZ Z¶Â#*©_¤«´¡J¶õ."ÌúGEhÃÚ,aí
ÌúB
§É8@¨í6ô
½ ½#¢±oHP·ÂÄê[áÎ|WZÊ4}W¨tpËóó"Ù:rU)WË.iãã1ק(¦àÖU%Ý[}üïh¶´,ú²:µ*$;Tïúù[Bñ¤$Ô+ÐÂé®ý¡,õ-kü6¾ñÜ3ËÉÆ5FÞ#ÄmýänÎåaÑ£Ô7ªÓwóÐÜ5\Uõ)_'ݯÖB|"¦Ô¦Í={˹eÙGM¢4Â.G{ßÓÞNÐ^tÔÁ¸iïpn"ÚgI:dQ
5¢lI±7N²®YQÆ¢6-}£¹/ j w6q³¾Ñùg@hÁRiÞ÷¨Ö>^<QtÐr©§G7"âÍ··¼T¥tËMp#n[oÍu?Ô@«e¦ÝwW-6P¨]H,i¶_wÇò´#Y*hS,P¹r6òîU+)is©/oagÓ#ëí4ÚPeЩÇw=«Ý¼|ë)éËçÞp²©Xº2ØÔ§ÙÙ¼Óxí½-ìê8Î!²"Äy5æk¤
+
Ù¸Uÿ[öKHÄ oDÆfWVnâg"¶;®É)'ìlé+Øõ¹êf[KÛ,q_ØÓzeí0¬UO{ÇÂB©rQe|Ê]¬«·ruËl©óZýw±-M5°²ßor<&ÖGR×b¿´
éA×·¦ëMxn/ã3ÚQ_£%ìÀ¸¶93ï6CE[±ìöÇÂ+NQ²õ£IêYUÿåÐ)e:â˶O{VMIL`i·+åÐJ`ÕNkMiËU*7gÏ4Îrº+½ü%í
¹YMSÊÜöÆÞìÏihTÄïÏSפ'ZkÉ×åùÅÙí++6èmé6Öm+V°» ÿ¨ÆV¹iâ.y¬¤Ù¿15}Æn÷?¼ë'°TûzDéup»ÁØìÆwð¤§Íÿlªm#²-Ý*%DXÚJ)
ëûBdö@wé)ÇG´u%²;!åûI©=¤º-ï?+R=Ð?9®¥c°ÞWmÁõq~Þ~ëäv/é3ÖNÎhï~Ó}$=ïÚ=rBß3I¦{§²ãm¡ªì¦m¿ÆIí!¨ãÝýâíÈÚRh_ ªv[tÞkIÚUõöë-w!¢þG²NHÚ×Ï(¨mìý6
¤¦B¶ÅJ¹3Ò×ök#y/c¥ÝtÝúÙ=¤-eâ£oXPØv0¥oTRî*Y}eSãí#Y=¡ ©÷}eQX*½Ëï6±a^S´¹w¿i*³^MoºIM Ñ¡` uêZkBÑSKd¯¸¸ÜBe\pÃW§¬ÁÕJoý°9ò¤í)ôÊÖSºJªVÓ&×ÙÛm;Oßï´Ù"õLZ)ï¦Ú)zÎfÙJ\yemôì¿ÞuSÛiáy½3
²ÍhÞhÍtfÄÀ\I @Er -¡R7
3´e´Ñ(;ÌÚZhBjÎñY;)Ú%XzEdu0
ÎÒ(ÊÂÐÝæÝ¢;VÆý dcyÅ1Àb{¾mE"ßÃýã"ÑÙØiKLò®ýb¨]«¾þihþn_ågJÝd-C;c}"Ú»îYB½äØ´xŬ1Q¼1HïMJ¿÷W+oé&Õsé)åG5¨ë,WÒÚZ%xñûsÊù©,ÊblL½v-"EKf(@±@$EfÄÀY`,Ø=¢±HstÄd ïFûA tX-6L Ì°hA6-im0|dJÚ%G@^v"ðMÐ;AR`,7µ @lLy¦ÐaE¢ÖNÅ¢ÖI3@h i4VP±(Ói´iL@³1ëà}!Ad`@xH¨,¯éHU$@*Óh$Z
¦µ@ÎHzÅ9Ä{ðüiCöÔ±íÏ@Ŭ=öU×a¶¸û}CÐgÍ°ü£ô»ô5jpÞ\¶¢°É*_²éÔþSÊéøòê96éKGouT³2
¶vo)ôüXãÆyìjjibÎM£Óà>wü¾÷¤¦¢È·´ú¾gäÜÓ9{i8@ @X(@®¡¼
ÚKB¶ÑYÁNÒIR¸ x¬4¤Þh%`7vuÀA^]i×aD
ÎÐ;Ǭ¡Ôk&VeÃÚV²-S%âµm4ÉChFIï
ÊÞ-döã ¶ös=dmìWÈþêZpPÕéÀCX]¤ Ô®M¤*´¬ÃÚm¤
Ýxz"ÏTVkzJÖ§TJÒEiZÀ±´5³XyG¬è8B
P±t,c
kzB
zB
zB
zGBŽ!BŽ!BŽ!BÓtCQÙ±
ÃÚ=$b 1
&Æ1Ò0 0öÙHi!Ǭ¦ÆÑi"ÆÐÒE§³>ÒT=¡¤¦Ïaå
$Y0öY|Dzj-=5Î vpÔÎÙÃPD5
B{8jg
A{#é,'ë'QhÃÒ]Gf}!BÇf}!BÔÖ[øE0½¡å~!Ö&
jµN4©#9o0¢æÓ?·ÛÒèñîå«ò'ÒÄ/©ÕjÃvvN æå?eø¾8ú}&
k?3s½DÊfþ3O£ü®k%#MØ..,|=ç6Z¸:ÎhãÇgêÏ~?GE;*,Öû×ßy¯KÃ{ä¿+ÕÎYk¡i¨ðþ8F/Ë)¶²beÐLd&ÐÖB!¬beÐLd&VLTiÂ:+N¡iÄÈÒEÒèZ0ap¡cP±(XÂV0
6¡gÆ:;BÖcNÐ+5×ÖÖbdY§³>bÈI´Vi@Æ´mhXDiWôghÆ<acÀü EÃÞUb=aecë1°±cë\!bƱhÄF,b#²X|/üP-¾àÄõÿ0ëÿÜÉÿâLãêK£ÛòÔóBê*Ñ Ù¦|ðöëYyQRB[7ïá5aH£d«Ëø¯)Cé' 7ãÜ«ELiÔ$n¯sé+,£!
t§/³BWn»u
*̺@Õ])Q.¨ÜÖ=ç*
;5®ýÆåÛÂe±£±@Ù*LßÃÖ-)³VÓ"âÕmÝcr_ÐzìZ¡bÎ/òÚÂG³Ú*Ê®
7ù°þ±o²\4íò¦ð)¹ö´âÒµ>Ó:kVõsnk[Ñe#Qõ\©w9÷²Ó̼§YI£zÙ1ËäðôT§§%®¿/1ÌÀ£ö+ÚSÈÅ2Â÷ÞóJW
B£R±AÞïÛõå¥AééB5ª¼ùo4¸ZT0ls[½áíÕV§M2ãòÆe¤ÙÇlËúȹ-¡)MÕ;Ù|®ªel(-÷,6·ô´-+ko{Bw>*õ²¶*=&TXÀ&@²»/U7Æ+:V´é aIB¹w'oÒíofÕMøcMÉÝ1lEP¬6ý¤¼¤ÓU»)
ê»óXí®J'ë¢{Ä5ù¿9V /a{t·´vKé¥ÚÖ[ÿï£/x$%ÍZËsö]$Ym©M
&jMlT(
®!rkS3s\u®,§D¨æÇX_úÌîÚib³|ß4
JëÕzxMmGg½ê[¤»e8ÓZ
ößËÆ,4¶×¼«®Ä`7òP]]~n·³9eûxÁ6¹yKÇeru üÓR³¨ßÒ"Xµ
£h2ª¡£¸Iñþ4¦ÜÖü9Kei)ÚÍûM*ÚpBÑ(Y^¦M&Ъ+ËÖ^1E´{x¨ììôLí%rï~Ñ`ôðPtiÚWbtZ¥-GÞØ˱f°¶6åýâEÊR^öó]EÊ;1
¥=ÒÇgÊͽ ¦¥kh
HÈÚÔ±ë²}ùGR½¡SQǹûÌ©{Â
:úHÕ¡{.[ÃYM£°>
ÏØ(¨m*ÖÜýæÚ¶DÆm³Rhmìy+h(@|&t6ò£h5;Ge&äØKÖNÖvgÒ=%6\{¿¤Zʬ2Ûñ{ɦlyi$\dRíXý=æMR)TzÉ¡EF;BÍôa¢â/ï3m
_]¤S¡K
PÝmEI¤
¿/h×óYSM:g/³ Å5gMT¹yuòM¡#BK¶MË×hÜÍù½=çL%²ÓbÝG§7é:¡Ï-´
æûB!r4£XfÊWIM!@(I³3¡BM,¸èì±h^*;LjOái¼hE¦m $+Éð£èhéVHP´dV5.¦ÒeÜ檧n°R2Feì}ftºiT(5¢%mÖÒ*a2]·H¬í^ÒMµµMyÒÐS3KA¢Iy»ß´EÛ®ÑØ8Ú- é*¤B§éñåäÚ_«ô=/MǶ1åñ&ª¤¹¢Jd7ݹMé|øöFJá¨o`&¨ËL3ß&{oÒjΡ©h#X²÷GÍÓE{¹=Ã.æ®Ôºz=
:ÚhAß«´ÇqvqqqÆZËî¿GGôõ5Tji_¶ndµðy´!¤aí
$'³>Ò@ÀǬÙHk ØõMD5nËÒ¡ÙzB;8jÙzBΧcã
0¡°ÇÞ*PÂZv'3SM `aChch6#ÈÄ6v~ñ Øú@x7f}"±á=V½¡ôÑàvgÒÙøô
6>ÑXûBÈcí1,°!am?\Áií.¦U[äJmxou,XT\n¶Äkí8¹æ¡öÒ÷9¾"×¾·YUÙò9{íë§ã=¿+ê9§=ÎÝ'fâ±´Ò
¢Þ¡bÞ¡cé
=¡BÆСh·¤(Z(ÈcQ¢ð#¡hü¢?(¨ì~Q¦Þд~QN0=£¢Of}"Â8x¬õ
Þ·¤í$ì×
¦#Qí$@
DÀÄÂÀÄÂÁcD-ÞU"Ó¨@R1É£Æc1À`oI@[Ò[ÒðßñBüÅðâ¼D}èÔþӨſ·å9ç:ÄÛ)gÌSj{on³Á§ê{*Û.ű¹kuÓhNYD¬:PÕ(äÒIìòýSºí)U±[æå»*mmbÞÞ27ã4q§ÉÙ+æî¸ä½´¥¨j9]kswlôëe9*Òé[¨%}#jZcLg?.GDp¯ÙUTpù÷ö;?#
-[ìÅ×ÿ}C97bÌÏÙ"£Yq¦E½ïh/h"¥1ü%î
7ýmMSb3rKQ
ï¶,¹/¤ÛBÒîå·Þ#hZ´Éb
¥ÇO_i¤y,¦×ÒMò~WõéÒ©¢UCTÎÖoY¥Ã2S8 ñ^²êNÖ¾L
7â>k,ÙÄ¿OIiJØHÚoxéÊÀIòºß¼-ç©+ëhí.×2ý¥ÛXWîÍõM"ð±K1ȪËLÀÓFìûûn©),¹w6
'zÉ%ÃYy³4PeS5§æÞÉ
dÓi¢ÑdEJ´hÒ-/m¢ ¾a)UÐC ò
BÊÔ¯ÒÓ$¶ÙsxZM4¸.^ ݵfùmÂZü¦Zʶ$yE¤³åüSJ°hýÐ$hv¾ìÊ
ËÒ½ ½ÏIB{?I¥
ØJ¤Y;>çáë!¥§~¦Õh"Ís*ÈE¤Ø²x~-e¶ðBÂÓ:P´¦w®Ý!@²TÞó6Øøa¬¥»Ò&[\2Ôæî=äÒíSw¯¼P/h%znmÏë6¶mT¶nmǤÓYa´¬Ñú~²éÎÓIrï~Ó¢×JkêźÈ0Ëó.ym£4BÕY©®E2ålLÄÀ+PZE4D@@¬&ÎËÜÀ7@I¢Äy£°¼Y`¡Y AEÄÀ¬J´Gb
å-0c]àjØ_¤V²V9w¹ýö
[©í¹Ch;&"N²,¬Aé%©ðax¨©[6Þ²2ð«+÷y½¦zʬ·¯´UO94ÕCD4Ô²5$"ò)D³÷££¡#Ya¼¬|Úl%³:õ
UݼÆRWR`%k)µÈG½åcÂ-r©cf·å7ÖY5§?zhç^LbÒµ&ìö
¬M£¤¦MTE@(@¨@XÀXb`VXZÛÅBÅ¡b_X#´¯FoRf@£LÈCZ+E#Ù¢¡eF4Z
´Á"`} «Zȳbd¤M>B8@¸H¨ð°.ÒlT²Lõ!6¬Í´"ÒuBÐÖHZÈD²l@¬@i´v¤ÆÌ@ °>ÐY@ 6- Ñ34PÚr×Û²âbJaÉâ¼JLõ+6ä\ûN^Nl8¿S¯.OPøGÒgÇt8gÕê¿fÉO lØØ{òò=G4òòV>}ñ8åÜÎÖrÆrû}0v(ÕÕrñ´ô8Î^)ÓE
*¯DF4Å¢¶Ì1ªÁWærå¾Þ¤ø}«à£³¨ÔPªôWklÉ˼ó2Ï<½|{~øsá7 «FV=÷Òz<_9êc¾{.M½[X m@"@ Ú dqI6¤´CÁoY&fiA\,i@@lÌJm³ã´ZÌL´òì&@MåØD @6A@b`Vc¢{G¬á*Æ¡cècí
$ìv>ÐÒEÇÚH²à<¡¬FÖI=4´ö~ÒEÌyM5BÓ"F²
5ÌúCYM§hk"Æ0ÖEì½#¥ËÒeé
ìáªvY6à<ChF1´äbA»1ó
ÐÌúGhð;3éVÃXÙûGhN1ZíûGhûBÌcíÆ+Uai¤cíI )8ÂÅab0±CX¡,RqÌcXÂÀÂ0°0
,!`a·¤@¸G`a·¤@[Ò¸G`Öôì!ecX²Ô²£ÉK
Å«¦ÙòÄÞóxôÛË-aù+é{â?®j)Ðb7ÌZøëï8y²Ç'ëÒiÇ´û|mA]ʽMÿ׬ó¦kÛí±}CèÿáºÚÁ±;[0¾é89qÉÁ×õ1ÁÃåúÛàÞ%<ÍÕXtˬôº^Çõ?ù.³.oËÝR¡õñÆ1|öY[Og ¸X쬸BÅ£´@ZmbÐ11Xp@'a@
,#³Á°÷
á·¤@[Ò8E`ØÄ0Ú8¬èÖÅ Gf´BÄ¢@"ð+±x£¨ba`±ZbÐe(Çåcò#ÀÆc1À`0ÄGeC£'Ä?Å·À¼/ÏüÕÿA«ý¦Óö:8}¿&O9Ô @mQZ³_º¦Ç??iàÛôû)¤^;&WÜßx®,jJ+¥Nc¿´v'*:¢ V-s*Zl
Ì)íîý¤+Á;@¸.
¯{ÇdN-¦©×b¶ý
'ñ3/òïô`Á7+3ï´ÊfQ;DTTR¡rOYBÑÙZDÉ\ÛyLO£´ Td@£nÕN,ÂÞ]zÇ´8d¨ÅPžýö¼ÒÊÏõR«SR0câfweì}æcéÀ9]¹zÞßò°éF-TTã[ÍévDnÍâÜrß¼ÚÞÀ+o'hNð\,Å
\¾]æe´áÍrÇÖ<fÐD¯pTblvnÛ«avð;eµUo³õNaûÂá{Amü}#JÁOr}ïé?punô8¹%C}"³.Y0y)N6ûñh:1¤*($üÓ2ûÍ+h|åm> ¥ê
òÇhm
£¢²ù½VBeZ-v*\ÛÎ2¥5,÷}L
*(É©²+rMí¦|´aM³í
¿æKpc8·ßÊ2J¨îÔ.Vùì"kI5·ÿXÁD*LÄÀØã$¡>QØá
UL)#2ÖWiÂhc3Qp
§³>k#hVRñSM v
b"ö´ ¨÷ö²áí#YU »Ü¾ð¨]óeDtbeGjK!R&-ì4ÚJS¡ÔËÖMÆøÌ1T7[ÌZGWÈ÷l=ãÚTª*LQTùí路ë.ЪrPrõé4¦V¾Ùe¾-Ûha5,ºc´/Nõ¼eıj¤ÁzÍá-T¦1t(T#ç?ôÔçÊ[MQkµJR²$Ø,FB©E¬"òmV
(LÀA\
3R!5¦`:, h¨"#±Jï,oi4vId-ï)îÜÄe&ÝdRö
ghPÚ
í2ÖTSËÖ=$*-c¿O?gD;u´²ÊÖE"ÕÓÞF^H®/ø}¤µ¥gnïï2YaËßcn¾Ó¡XGEjßi6Û
I´V²°Åo×ÚEå*ÎÓh*Wï¨-T·R%3Z¤VTµz*ü¿4d·dðý&ÖöihSáóyÍvm4ÍóG:ôßÒo3¨e³ÖN
úGh[7¥$@@6¦A"BÍô̱¤ÁòÎÒe,Qq00>X£Ú(^-´
±0M
4¥k,Éi-
x¨&6b°hÁ6&дÓhͱ0éX¨yB
3,Í6A´LÂo4Úe3ÖNÑy[@´Ê!YY6@±£GK´PÀúGAd`@ @&Ð4`ÐLÓ`í*~/ÄNBM®MϺçõ\Ý·wMÃ<¹jüÛô¡ô¹§áµ+"âvTMcÍ¿·)///Sú§ùãû¿PøßÆ1Û(þyþÏÌßüW¯ø]R§{Q|bç!u/ãìg±ÒtÅó/'/²)ÏÛÔð/5¼F ú¹íÒÖþóª_løè¿WK²«¡Eêº[øä}§å'§Íõß/åú3pÑQNDccºOO#õ?,ë~C>OËÔª
iz8Äbð{>Í1 Mà
@@"@ Vt#!ð³D¥L±ZÐÆ*8W$Ë3Robc,i@@lÌØHìè÷QÖ:d¸ËÐ@J @ZU¦P±b:#XzË¢³c(XÇÞ:!¼('³0 ;3*ÀÀÆ vf+R;(X,ä` vcÊ¡Ù(XFÈÀ'ä` Ýô
£ÀìϤ,xOf"²61Zìc1
F>ÑÚO1
ÂÅabVcXÂÀ°0
,ÞÙ8XôôNXBÀ°0
cÀ`в±´,XÃÚ,aí0ö
{BÅ.Ñسb"±c1±i°0
,!`aXBÀÂÙYT £±RÏ©[¦dL>oôÆÿÊø>¡Þ£«áèp_Ü{Íó!î|W¨Ö~7â§kªÓ¤Í\åGaÖÓÊË+~áÓñcÅÇ®.OÑ~»N £Tñ [uþ³(z9e8í/ÔE
3Ó¡R²p6BÙ2õ'ÓÊSILÊ]©ºú9FwU.ûÙWÈìI;@ÙÑŪ#mÿ(mKcTSsÑÞòÆÐNî@ÓËÊeÙmd»vkV½öi
rÞäaÎ21"Ê@L«o¼:IM-¨mÔæíwói2²¿b¶ÅxøÇbSo2;Ìü³ÖVã×2*bÖ>÷LòZÁ
N.m
%Ô]§iö¼Ø¶{_ÚÑÙÒê`_&`Ê×Ó`Jù4WÁÙE{T'ò÷'Y:-}¼ý!hµöl{¦ÿv( ù¤Ü¢sæ?Yw(£/ëå*ÅIå*Ѭ¤0ù¥X¤
¼½ïX·IÄ¡±#òo¤ØÊEü¡lMpZëÍíjl¥Òh奲uÃ÷ÕF$ÙT]v´6K³KE,VÓoxY$oir®ðY,N]ïÚS3^i´n1ùeoaEh"÷ÂcÀúE`г¤Þ!F´M¥mD£_{A"M¦ÒEˤÐÄHUc£{Bc»CS¿)[ÁE?9'c²6ð¼M&=ßÞzBZ;;5»Þó5+ÄI¥í
ÝÈ̦5R´ÊjÞe¬µÚùI]¢ÑDl
CÍvÇ\.:Î|¼6âÏaÒE7ª~$k-±ÄØõ¢2ïþÐ °)ð´ÕÕùm¾^SHòͬlÊ:óäÐgÈÒ³¡Ë+Ó¿éB¬è[e#6Æiu"'N>XN2ÛLÞmLázJ²Ú"r[
4q0É*´Ð 6ÐHíÖ]âdÙÙc4ZZ+:LWôbZ
²Ú
mh(²@qxzÆx$ïVû÷voëx#I°aÞÞKUo1b;¿¼J#ÌAm6e,Aö¥l/ÒKkWn¿·¬ÏYQK-ÆÒg¶!y{Þ³id;Ê
ªzo0mjß-Ç,K²¹»ëû¿07ñ{À+·TXáLhÐ}½c£XæËÍí)]ͺ/U-éï4¤®¥²óuÛúMãËhï~Ó©Ô#ÈÁ6¹VÐfiEfðõP ThlLb`v10#f=b¥é*=áBÓ«ÀúG`ÑJoÂ
¢265¢°L,ÀM 5àÚ
h&Ó4ÚLÕbÐZÊDAV)f&Ë{ÊÖBdÊÖB&doÆx¬ BÊizÉÉ;D@&óM "fiZȲ4ë ^VÐ
i@¶P<Ô V B@&Ð+Lv,Bb2@.b6L-Åj± ¨µX bQ¶ö*<¼Ç¼xÄúz?¸Oùh²lj|´À#ë´àæågï)Çv~ú?ø3E§£§tÔÕÈoû1µÁõÚqpÆ\¯ù?L¾ÙÂx,Q9ê×3ßÃÌúªy2îSQO |b!çï~Ó1 -- m J¤¨ì¸¨Z´){B·ÒALQdÞ;ÄÆÉfÌ×AH´¢³¬¸dµ#´`iT$Ú^]H@&ÓD@'*Ìe£òGÀú@¬øÇd1
íÐÚ-aj±-T1
¦Æ0´ÐÆ«ÂÅ£YÙ°1Z(a1,!`Öô'¬!`aÆ 0ö
=¡bÆбchX±´,XÃÚ,جZp
,!`aÆ!EÂ;X61
ÀPÂ+0
BÅ!b±CX£[Ò+1oHXô
oHXô
oHXô
áXBÀÂ
1À`0Æc1#J^¾¨¤Í}¯p=ç_Y{ôüÃôßñIG:d¬vÂÖ|±ýZß:é?á®#þ&Püèw«ªÐw·SÏÔO')§êD>¥ôkð³WÔ+jh.¦à {0ëæ'6~^GÉu1ÁÅVý{ð]
/±U7·ë==#Ëñ»ªËi{T§Is6òÖI´Ùmé*̸BÀÆ01&";*X¡
X¤áD,Rp
BÅ!b±CX¡,PÂ(ØÄf·¤V½!`cabͱb,BÅX´Ú"6ÐÑYд,P´,P´,P´,R1Â-N0³E BÐÚIÆ+XÂÀÆ0°1
,#hÉ8ÅfKFBÐÎßÿÔïômIøñ*$ÓP¬ËÎ-ø}¿NP}IjÓbµIfncWp[ÓÒ|ûôº2¢v¨Ì2¯.o`Oâ@i_ )¹E*ÆÖ6
íJlNj¤
ö[xKAE$Fk·½ µSRì-æó4Ú¸[â@=0ñãàõ¤¤³²þ*?{M6ÚƸ©S³µ[t_¯Ueqlz~вì
öcrCÆÛí´
w}©Zö¾ÞWó6Aq·ÝÄZV!W'ãlõ>p*H{«¤=öö´tr
*i¬
¯Uy«w±î3E1vBláB¤Í¢\Mð'@h\³nØn¼|¦çI&ÄmÐùɦá;฽¦CTvB¦X¨°éoë©óV¨Å¶\,³Q¬Yqk¦y4Nl®,O0êGAï$&ÌÉfRç×i{C=¤C°*ôíï
¡¡Þ²TRà`ñÈßûEH¹]ïv±ÄßÃÞkjØSªQP1fn9+¤«Ü0?hÙIÛi)Bºb %2mò>?$»ª¸$2SþUK
FeûKe{\K=$êYS|3¿8&9Ðx(ªæ¡¸^èèdÐH{·Ù,)VP·åþ'[D½%=¦
Åùp¦2¿
åRigh÷¦Øb}%i(£b¸\Ç®3*ª¨&å.ÞgÂQÑ»eûÂûmòï%rTÃ%±$6çÒ£v̸µÕO(
h]@áÞë½öÓªQ«²½©ÍÀQ*Z¢ ¡m£²ÖV¥a¿"[Ĭõu%6éoh&¡jÌ)óÆÖ·Êßò˶4~оYõ²Üosm¤`áÔü¼¼|`ÇY\*_ÀøþÐN²cZʧ®Wéé.ÇöåÊJÔ·Y{&*mãå
µöÛ÷mòca+f`TÅ®O?'aæfÛB)9w·îÍm,Fn¿zÛÊBÅaÍøa9DJ¶kE@|æûARFéîù˶tc´v(ù63KÐÈChvÎhX¡hX¤Â
&ð±FÈD(·¨^¼I´6IÅ3MöõQÉ¥Qo(Ï3H°õgb+M'i6ªDd¤ÑÚ!BÆR¬.Ëc¬Æe6)K,Ë(Ù©u*Õ½¤¬ÂbØ\yñNÓi-SJ6:ÂËi~ZÃ%nfÈtn
©óájñ»\È
ã ¹zÛÇÊZ! þÍñÆaE.îܧñHgíé©z_Âonz\^3lÍá5SåÍY¶Ðæô÷XøfÝOiÐÂiõòÏðµ&$ñ!d
W$´;I¼V¤k-$ߤ%¥ÒT$ªÓ;AVï¢ÑPDGjà,@Å KGj)6JØߤWS"Wõö¢·Wi;BÛô6´ÅTâ972B¢m%vZ¦?/wýâ]«©Ý°õý¦yyôª+zÌ颣°¼JVÊTrþcMdcÈߤKA[&#sé&e}òÇþ[Æf%½oÊ¡®
ùH%b;Ûʲ³6ûðÆÊÖ 8ï±õB»ñÚVª¦1lÚM1ðçhóÔ´tÉt)6¼diGbh7Y (@@\¤V£ÞV-/
U&",¤ M T, @&¤ÚV²BÒUiDi´3V²ÒJd®Ó`i²@&ñØ
°¼@×mDÌ o4Úe^NÐá´xmZN²
y DÌ&òì&0 V B+:4 t#´Ð°>ÐHP=åPL@@11ØM¢Ð@I mÖKHòâñ-§ÑPZÊ=w·¾Ó8±Ú]|ÃÞ×>³æ¹¹ûÙkoÒ~ãrã˹xÿßû?ñ x§Õjj*2÷rrýÂ{]o
eõ¼Ó·_þfõbRõæÀg}ç¤Êe¦k*lCt"C£öéiè¸ìêí·Sçoïå«»ÏÓ©Ãøu}F·OJöÇPÁi¯ÊnTNn^MgÉco-e÷ÿ¢ÿ
¥!¨ÖU£gG¸ ãl}§Ü¿¥ó?%òÁ¶ý1Àx@ÐPº½¬yzïtÜ1·äýoU/åè@?´îye&@ h@&ÐÐ@"Ð@*ÙP
NðR§´!ÞfÁI¼V¢H+4Þ;
í
ͬÌyèìÃxÈÃi£5©xivi8TX hÍ bf
fÇDc¼kEgIÆ([Ò"±oH(øÉE`(c`Ìc¡´-60ö
{BÅX´áXBÁ±PÆ00ÅÞYzBÀ·¤,zBÀ·¤,zBÀ·¤, c1À`0Æ;@
Ðhâ"°1°1°1°!aXXXX6Ñ´Ú8Å`cÀ`dc`1XÆ0V²1F1XQWi®!ãþ-âCIÃ+ÔGRª@~óíãí=,|S§¥ãòÕø{é'â'âb£»;ý579ecûÎNnH~ßñ=><<zÌ<áõ5ZÜUo
ñV`Oõv^_Cú1Ú_ªþ~§¦¥G²¥5r¹,Z×ý&üwíùWø¯ä×~Ðéb¢Ó³)§çw3íÐZ`uÙQpeEÂH´d1ÎÑ\c±cX±,XÆ,ÑX²ã4V,BÅX±!bÄ,X
N0±bÑpÌØÂÀÆ0°1
,a`cü¤ãéQù@Ê~Pòü Ú++DfEebбi´,
Ê6
§¬üh¬éy~ÑÛÊI°òÀ°ò
aåÛËö¤vz¼«ËûB¥òLjÔPïß±é
JZ°3zúB¤õI«fddVÇ$Q
f4mÇu¶"ù©ÑINPC[|¼¥Ó=d\P³û×ñö÷'IIÔTËÓ Û ñ1&åM\ààU
øÜ5MkßïxÊ¡gmLä§+òßÎAÛ3
-! Ô±aåë.ÙkJÂÙ\çü¦Òm²~×loÉ?¬¤Ô¨ÖÁϤP¨»æVÉÖVöFùrK
jqZëa¹íÑ"°-p[mü7[*¦ÅÍÊýáÒ<j}î}£²ÐÉYHÇ<×Öi´°°T$)¿¸åϤLâ@÷ÞtmÑm:¹coÎFY[)Æqö±+\ߥÆp*µêcÚYë+Ö ºØäíòì×iN²aTxÃiÉûPGqä%m(©0kÎMIûAnþRöÔÔ= õíÐymòæ{Iê3¼
FbÀ¤ÞÀ¡xö5á´$×6D»cæ!iLát}D«I P¼&$ÑÚ/²XÖDiM⣴\zÉ¥R6õ¬¬·¢¦Ô¸ªuiv¬Óåæô&E'yjd¯»ZDµ:¼gËï2H¶Wùzȵ«&Ñ
D~r¶µËüLþiIXyÆÝ\ye°ø/ÒÒ¥Õ;TeJ áõuHý§ÇuùòçXú~ð¿c¶oÈ¿qíwÄÚÔjëMÙ»0ö·[ú0·KñüzýÞß}11ǯóóýÜ%¢¡l§()óç=jôâË]MµÞi´4ÃúzeBb7VÄÞgnb!ÙÑPèpbWaÖü{ï1Ï8£Åãùüýßoú4øéêÓÔj´ÕCÔt,s
ö3ÈäÎsÏXx'ÕáÁõ~ø[¦JSZwLN=}ÿYìôݨ`GU¬ °(1
¼"ÄÅa?±mD-{AñXÆÑh(ZÕ8ÅkOåN²?(XÖSoH)Ât0
62Hc1ÐÆ0!ÅDb""""""´T)8ÄzÊ6G¬`5²1ÖF0ÈÆYÁ#+YÀk#
e?CY²zBƲÊYXÖSoHXÖF1XÖF0±¬zGcYNXÖQoHìk"Þ±¬²ÊY²lb¶[=d¿cYN&+Êq
d¿måzÊÐK±ÂøN8°ø7ÓWÅC¤z:r§QONØ*ýþÿòï=ûaõ¿áþ½Íæ8ÍC¬×Õ(Ý Ävv=Õë<~\¢_³pñÆDú2øtVÕvºª§gkõ·_Òrc§ò}Tppù~Ãø;ýKD¡!Cû)íc?ëzæäÚ^ê0³r·³&ÁpöÂ1öÓDÆ;#X©&2ì0°1
,a`cXÂÀÆ0°1
,a`cÇÒM#HXò²ÃÊM6òý£$ãí(XP°,<¡`cí1ö
P°Dt}£²¡aåÃÊ,(XP°,ßg¬@>*;:N¨[º-r'Ík/ÓõeZÛªÔlUÏtm}üi¡·Ku7
*Ö¡w©_,ßîÞÃý`Vu*¤ön.Ì2¿K(.Ö
Ö|T¿§IZÌ.µÓT@ÞݼkÚºev b³o9·TF®Ê+Þ«*òã¶ó£_m5#j/UFWV$ùÊÖQkjUïT½Ô|§ªûÃx0+*±Fk*
d?N²jJÈ*ªQûÛÚV6
¯^¨ìªGxúÂ¥I©Ur½JKLïÊÌoËÓ¤ZË%oª3»]Ô
ÀÛRö
ÁÙòå`çeýâÒP>°* 9¨ÌÜÊ[¥jVjKà£aÖÒÚ'2æëQ¯l Lhí(%|¼%k%RÔÒQPUÁú!Vå÷ÚN²»3WcðShcÂÕJÓUè&ðgX5,×SoS*¥ÉPotíÚ|Û/é'I]Àjæ:+/7G]¿¥úI¤eädiBÁí^µQêRgQk®ÞÆ×üâiT²
½[çñ^kí5ÖAÞ²îQ¼§¬MMI¦zÕ)«¶AY/±R(ÍT*X=_ù_
VÈM&jdtç½âÖB^½FZµ¨BÏØtR(®k׬)B¿¬ÓÅÞ¥Åìí´t5°¦Çcëé%TsXæ!w#¡>)Èw n
Áð÷$=:yÙÇ7I¥±³2îëùÌè̺Z
§Ù÷DÒñg©ûB¤¥3MîH<×ó÷ÔLµ@[d,¸à<E¼âÖQKPK9;;õËUH¥´ê%JU;e^£/ï$¨
àâÌüÅ7Q-J-È^§{Dtv©t`<[æò4uj`ãUmø²ÞM¦=ã~\¹ ª
º¨B
6=nÇûGh¨^µ,øò»äWéëk&]HPÊ×eTÇ}ÿ¥äÑk'5ªÜæY3ßm¡légÖ
±¾d'ë5¢Ò+©8ßQ×òÙk(¥d¬ORCqËX}WÄô±Ôs?
üqñ}_¸Æ¥ôå½:@n®Ak±üL¾?'
³~±Óã°òõº2Dð·YîUzi-(
!Tl¬1¿óÊ1ÊZtë]iòþÑÓ¿#&Í=Vê2åðó3NîÔ=ÏÀß+R¹Y« ÝÛrïïÊgÖrW¦§B¥Oå>gÀeÉ·µØ LEGb2@"ÐEGb2*;VÛGìií&XQÙ`F$P% V¤e4{ÊÚ^]ãJÅ3YhÚ06AB/Ú×I8ÞPY$ÂÂ:
OHÁÆÒBÉ!6Âq
Ú&ToÊ#Y1.ÑÚö´-G°ò(ÛEkFÒQIƬcµa`cuv¤þRL~PòM½!bV(¿`ØEb±H·¤v)?FzGeIü¢1ù@ÊØÅ`cXÂÙë#[A´,a`cXc°b´q0´vM hãDÄ@'XE "Û@
d^T1p¸Î¥túz*ªXúÚwðcrqe¬?ý4|ISWÆ+ÑBáñaÔûxMú¬ªkì?áÎ8øöÈx^µå¤©ao)âÌí>kã´¿U}|-KOGNE0@ìÇpG3«~cþ#ëê;q>_¢8v
8/é4äËËóköé*ZsXOå?(c&";ÇÚU¦>бChX¡´,P°ò
aåÃÊ,(XP°,3ûí/Ú(
rU.Þ2
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some Background:
The Lockheed F-94 Starfire was a first-generation jet aircraft of the United States Air Force. It was developed from the twin-seat Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star in the late 1940s as an all-weather, day/night interceptor, replacing the propeller-driven North American F-82 Twin Mustang in this role. The system was designed to overtake the F-80 in terms of performance, but more so to intercept the new high-level Soviet bombers capable of nuclear attacks on America and her Allies - in particular, the new Tupelov Tu-4. The F-94 was furthermore the first operational USAF fighter equipped with an afterburner and was the first jet-powered all-weather fighter to enter combat during the Korean War in January 1953.
The initial production model, the F-94A, entered operational service in May 1950. Its armament consisted of four 0.50 in (12.7 mm) M3 Browning machine guns mounted in the fuselage with the muzzles exiting under the radome for the APG-33 radar, a derivative from the AN/APG-3, which directed the Convair B-36's tail guns and had a range of up to 20 miles (32 km). Two 165 US Gallon (1,204 litre) drop tanks, as carried by the F-80 and T-33, were carried on the wingtips. Alternatively, these could be replaced by a pair of 1,000 lb (454 kg) bombs under the wings, giving the aircraft a secondary fighter bomber capability. 109 were produced.
The subsequent F-94B, which entered service in January 1951, was outwardly virtually identical to the F-94A. Its Allison J33 turbojet had a number of modifications made, though, which made it a very reliable engine. The pilot was provided with a roomier cockpit and the canopy received a bow frame in the center between the two crew members. A new Instrument Landing System (ILS) was fitted, too, which made operations at night and/or in bad weather much safer. However, this new variant’s punch with just four machine guns remained weak, and, to improve the load of fire, wing-mounted pods with two additional pairs of 0.5” machine guns were introduced – but these hardly improved the interceptor’s effectiveness. 356 of the F-94B were nevertheless built.
The following F-94C was extensively modified and initially designated F-97, but it was ultimately decided just to treat it as a new version of the F-94. USAF interest was lukewarm since aircraft technology had already developed at a fast pace – supersonic performance had already become standard. Lockheed funded development themselves, converting two F-94B airframes to YF-94C prototypes for evaluation with a completely new, much thinner wing, a swept tail surface and a more powerful Pratt & Whitney J48. This was a license-built version of the afterburning Rolls-Royce Tay, which produced a dry thrust of 6,350 pounds-force (28.2 kN) and approximately 8,750 pounds-force (38.9 kN) with afterburning. Instead of machine guns, the proposed new variant was exclusively armed with unguided air-to-air missiles.
Tests were positive and eventually the F-94C was adopted for USAF service, since it was the best interim solution for an all-weather fighter at that time. It still had to rely on Ground Control Interception Radar (GCI) sites to vector the interceptor to intruding aircraft, though.
The F-94C's introduction and the availability of the more effective Northrop F-89C/D Scorpion and the North American F-86D Sabre interceptors led to a quick relegation of the earlier F-94 variants from mid-1954 onwards to second line units and to Air National Guards. By 1955 most of them had already been phased out of USAF service, and some of these relatively young surplus machines were subsequently exported or handed over to friendly nations, too. When sent to the ANG, the F-94As were modified by Lockheed to F-94B standards and then returned to the ANG as B models. They primarily replaced outdated F-80C Shooting Stars and F-51D/H Mustangs.
At that time the USAF was looking for a tactical reconnaissance aircraft, a more effective successor for the RF-80A which had shown its worth and weaknesses during the Korea War. For instance, the plane could not fly at low altitude long enough to perform suitable visual reconnaissance, and its camera equipment was still based on WWII standards. Lockheed saw the opportunity to fill this operational gap with conversions of existing F-94A/B airframes, which had, in most cases, only had clocked few flying hours, primarily at high altitudes where Soviet bombers were expected to lurk, and still a lot of airframe life to offer. This led to another private venture, the RF-94B, auspiciously christened “Stargazer”.
The RF-94B was based on the F-94B interceptor with its J33 engine and the original unswept tail. The F-94B’s wings were retained but received a different leading-edge profile to better cope with operations at low altitude. The interceptor’s nose with the radome and the machine guns underneath was replaced by a new all-metal nose cone, which was more than 3 feet longer than the former radar nose, with windows for several sets of cameras; the wedge-shaped nose cone quickly earned the aircraft the unofficial nickname “Crocodile”.
One camera was looking ahead into flight direction and could be mounted at different angled downward (but not moved during flight), followed by two oblique cameras, looking to the left and the right, and a vertical camera as well as a long-range camera focussed on the horizon, which was behind a round window at port side. An additional, spacious compartment in front of the landing gear well held an innovative Tri-Metrogen horizon-to-horizon view system that consisted of three synchronized cameras. Coupled with a computerized control system based on light, speed, and altitude, it adjusted camera settings to produce pictures with greater delineation.
All cameras could be triggered individually by pilot or a dedicated observer/camera systems operator in the 2nd seat. Talking into a wire recorder, the crew could describe ground movements that might not have appeared in still pictures. A vertical view finder with a periscopic presentation on the cockpit panel was added for the pilot to enhance visual reconnaissance and target identification directly under the aircraft. Using magnesium flares carried under its wings in flash-ejector cartridges, the RF-94B was furthermore able to fly night missions.
The RF-94B was supposed to operate unarmed, but it could still carry a pair of 1.000 lb bombs under its wings or, thanks to added plumbings, an extra pair of drop tanks for ferry flights. The F-94A/B’s machine gun pods as well as the F-94C’s unguided missile launchers could be mounted to the wings, too, making it a viable attack aircraft in a secondary role.
The USAF was highly interested in this update proposal for the outdated interceptors (almost 500 F-94A/Bs had been built) and ordered 100 RF-94B conversions with an option for 100 more – just when a severe (and superior) competitor entered the stage after a lot of development troubles: Republic’s RF-84F Thunderflash reconnaissance version. The first YRF-84F had already been completed in February 1952 and it had an overall slightly better performance than the RF-94B. However, it offered more internal space for reconnaissance systems and was able to carry up to fifteen cameras with the support of many automatized systems, so that it was a single seater. Being largely identical to the F-84F and sharing its technical and logistical infrastructures, the USAF decided on short notice to change its procurement decision and rather adopt the more modern and promising Thunderflash as its standard tactical reconnaissance aircraft. The RF-94B conversion order was reduced to the initial 100 aircraft, and to avoid operational complexity these aircraft were exclusively delivered to Air National Guardss that had experience with the F-94A/B to replace their obsolete RF-80As.
Gradual replacement lasted until 1958, and while the RF-94B’s performance was overall better than the RF-80A’s, it was still disappointing and not the expected tactical intelligence gathering leap forward. The airframe did not cope well with constant low-level operations, and the aircraft’s marginal speed and handling did not ensure its survivability. However, unlike the RF-84F, which suffered from frequent engine problems, the Stargazers’ J33 made them highly reliable platforms – even though the complex Tri-Metrogen device turned out to be capricious, so that it was soon replaced with up to three standard cameras.
For better handling and less drag esp. at low altitude, the F-94B’s large Fletcher type wingtip tanks were frequently replaced with smaller ones with about half capacity. It also became common practice to operate the RF-94Bs with only a crew of one, and from 1960 on the RF-94B was, thanks to its second seat, more and more used as a trainer before pilots mounted more potent reconnaissance aircraft like the RF-101 Voodoo, which eventually replaced the RF-94B in ANG service. The last RF-94B was phased out in 1968, and, unlike the RF-84F, it was not operated by any foreign air force.
General characteristics:
Crew: 2 (but frequently operated by a single pilot)
Length: 43 ft 4 3/4 in (13.25 m)
Wingspan (with tip tanks): 40 ft 9 1/2 in (12.45 m)
Height: 12 ft. 2 (3.73 m)
Wing area: 234' 8" sq ft (29.11 m²)
Empty weight: 10,064 lb (4,570 kg)
Loaded weight: 15,330 lb (6,960 kg)
Max. takeoff weight: 24,184 lb (10,970 kg)
Powerplant:
1× Allison J33-A-33 turbojet, rated at 4,600 lbf (20.4 kN) continuous thrust,
5,400 lbf (24 kN) with water injection and 6,000 lbf (26.6 kN) thrust with afterburner
Performance:
Maximum speed: 630 mph (1,014 km/h) at height and in level flight
Range: 930 mi (813 nmi, 1,500 km) in combat configuration with two drop tanks
Ferry range: 1,457 mi (1,275 nmi, 2,345 km)
Service ceiling: 42,750 ft (14,000 m)
Rate of climb: 6,858 ft/min (34.9 m/s)
Wing loading: 57.4 lb/ft² (384 kg/m²)
Thrust/weight: 0.48
Armament:
No internal guns; 2x 165 US Gallon (1,204 liter) drop tanks on the wing tips and…
2x underwing hardpoints for two additional 165 US Gallon (1,204 liter) ferry tanks
or bombs of up to 1.000 lb (454 kg) caliber each, plus…
2x optional (rarely fitted) pods on the wings’ leading edges with either a pair of 0.5" (12.7 mm)
machine guns or twelve 2.75” (70 mm) Mk 4/Mk 40 Folding-Fin Aerial Rockets each
The kit and its assembly:
This project was originally earmarked as a submission for the 2021 “Reconnaissance & Surveillance” group build at whatifmodellers.com, in the form of a Heller F-94B with a new nose section. The inspiration behind this build was the real-world EF-94C (s/n 50-963): a solitary conversion with a bulbous camera nose. However, the EF-94C was not a reconnaissance aircraft but rather a chase plane/camera ship for the Air Research and Development Command, hence its unusual designation with the suffix “E”, standing for “Exempt” instead of the more appropriate “R” for a dedicated recce aircraft. There also was another EF-94C, but this was a totally different kind of aircraft: an ejection seat testbed.
I had a surplus Heller F-94B kit in The Stash™ and it was built almost completely OOB and did – except for some sinkholes and standard PSR work – not pose any problem. In fact, the old Heller Starfire model is IMHO a pretty good representation of the aircraft. O.K., its age might show, but almost anything you could ask for at 1:72 scale is there, including a decent, detailed cockpit.
The biggest change was the new camera nose, and it was scratched from an unlikely donor part: it consists of a Matchbox B-17G tail gunner station, slimmed down by the gunner station glazing's width at the seam in the middle, and this "sandwich" was furthermore turned upside down. Getting the transitional sections right took lots of PSR, though, and I added some styrene profiles to integrate the new nose into the rest of the hull. It was unintentional, but the new nose profile reminds a lot of a RF-101 recce Voodoo, and there's, with the straight wings, a very F-89ish look to the aircraft now? There's also something F2H-2ish about the outlines?
The large original wing tip tanks were cut off and replaced with smaller alternatives from a Hasegawa A-37. Because it was easy to realize on this kit I lowered the flaps, together with open ventral air brakes. The cockpit was taken OOB, I just modified the work station on the rear seat and replaced the rubber sight protector for the WSO with two screens for a camera operator. Finally, the one-piece cockpit glazing was cut into two parts to present the model with an open canopy.
Painting and markings:
This was a tough decision: either an NMF finish (the natural first choice), an overall light grey anti-corrosive coat of paint, both with relatively colorful unit markings, or camouflage. The USAF’s earlier RF-80As carried a unique scheme in olive drab/neutral grey with a medium waterline, but that would look rather vintage on the F-94. I decided that some tactical camouflage would make most sense on this kind of aircraft and eventually settled for the USAF’s SEA scheme with reduced tactical markings, which – after some field tests and improvisations in Vietnam – became standardized and was officially introduced to USAF aircraft around 1965 as well as to ANG units.
Even though I had already built a camouflaged F-94 some time ago (a Hellenic aircraft in worn SEA colors), I settled for this route. The basic colors (FS 30219, 34227, 34279 and 36622) all came from Humbrol (118, 117, 116 and 28, respectively), and for the pattern I adapted the paint scheme of the USAF’s probably only T-33 in SEA colors: a trainer based on Iceland during the Seventies and available as a markings option in one of the Special Hobby 1:32 T-33 kits. The low waterline received a wavy shape, inspired by an early ANG RF-101 in SEA camouflage I came across in a book. The new SEA scheme was apparently applied with a lot of enthusiasm and properness when it was brand new, but this quickly vaned. As an extra, the wing tip tanks received black anti-glare sections on their inner faces and a black anti-glare panel was added in front of the windscreen - a decal from a T-33 aftermarket sheet. Beyond a black ink wash the model received some subtle panel post-shading, but rather to emphasize surface details than for serious weathering.
The cockpit became very dark grey (Revell 06) while the landing gear wells were kept in zinc chromate green primer (Humbrol 80, Grass Green), with bright red (Humbrol 60, Matt Red) cover interiors and struts and wheels in aluminum (Humbrol 56). The interior of the flaps and the ventral air brakes became red, too.
The decals/markings came from a Special Hobby 1:72 F-86H; there’s a dedicated ANG boxing of the kit that comes with an optional camouflaged aircraft of the NY ANG, the least unit to operate the “Sabre Hog” during the Seventies. Since this 138th TFS formerly operated the F-94A/B, it was a perfect option for the RF-94B! I just used a different Bu. No. code on the fin, taken from a PrintScale A/T-37 set, and most stencils were perocured from the scrap box.
After a final light treatment with graphite around the afterburner for a more metallic shine of the iron metallic (Revell 97) underneath, the kit was sealed with a coat of matt acrylic varnish (Italeri).
A camouflaged F-94 is an unusual sight, but it works very well. The new/longer nose considerably changes the aircraft's profile, and even though the change is massive, the "Crocodile" looks surprisingly plausible, if not believable! And, despite the long nose, the aircraft looks pretty sleek, especially in the air.