text posted on my You Tube video

 

#hinduism

#universalpeace

#firozeshakir

My parents migrants from UP Lucknow lived in the slums of Kurla early 50s my father was in the tailoring business he got a room in a servants quarters of veteran actor late Nawab Kashmiri at Khatau Bhuvan Wodehouse road my father worked at N Swamy Rao near Colaba bus depot .. my mother was an asthmatic she hired a Marathi lady for taking care of us she stayed at Military quarters with her son Tulsi we were told to call her Aiee which means mother so our upbringing was not corrupted with hate or bigotry my friends were Anglo Indians Parsis Jews and Buddhist..my schooling thanks to Nawab Sabs daughter was at Private European school of Mrs Lester her sisters June and Marjorie later I went to Holy Name High School .

I suffered huge loss during the Hindu Muslim riots politically engineered during 1993 ,,but I have no hate animosity with my Hindu brethren as a photographer besides being a Muslim I have documented Hinduism as a message of universal peace the pandemic has destroyed my business and health is deteriorating.. due to diabetes ..I had a bypass surgery sponsored by Swabhiman I am alive ..Jai Maharashtra.

 

www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9q0BP6idTE

Most if my shots of the streets are by accident , I shoot from moving buses or moving cabs .. rickshas too.

 

I dont own a car or a bike I use public transport ,, I once had a Santro I sold it to pay part of my home loan deficit ,,down payment sort of thing..

 

I decided I will buy a car only after I have paid back those who helped me get this house .. till than I shall walk or commute accordingly .

 

So I shoot people who are never aware I am shooting them ..and robbing their souls too.. giving their souls freedom of cyberspace .

 

This lady I presume brings lunch for the school kids and the rich need the services of the poor , mostly it used to be the unfortunate Marathi bai that did the bartan and katka ,,washing vessels sweeping floors ,, and they too their work seriously , were dedicated and loved the kids of the bosses .but soon they disappeared as their shanties were transformed into ivory towers for the super rich.. the poor Marathi Manoos with the money they got moved away to Panvel or their native hometowns .

 

The Marathi Manoos has always got the raw deal , these children of the soil , were made to do menial jobs . most of them had lost their hope and future when the mills closed down.. I know this as we stayed close to Mukesh Mills ,,the deafening silence , vacuous eyes , and than alcohol took over some failed lives and yet their kids without support , tried to bring their parents ashore with hard work..

 

None of the political parties really cared for the Marathi Manoos ,,if they did than you wont find them working as menial mathadi loaders , selling vegetables doing the lowest jobs ,, they were betrayed by every government that came into power in the State ,, Does the Dabbawalas son has to become a dabbawala or can he not with the support of the government become a pilot a doctor or an engineer and they rave about Dabbawalas .. or the other end of Mahalaxmi Dhobi ghat where the Dhobis washermen will always remain Dhobis being shot by all the tourists who come to Mumbai ,, is this what we want to portray that we still wash our linen in public .

 

I can go on I have lived in Mumbai wens its glory was at its peak known as Bombay than the soul of Bombay was forcibly pulled out and put into a lifeless body of misplaced jingoism.

 

We had a Marathi bai at our house but my mom insisted we call her Aiee . she was elderly and honestly what we are today is because of this Marathi ladys love for us as her own childrn, her sons name was Tulsi but she loved us tenderly taught us Marathii , told us stories of Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj and made Marathi delicacies for us ,, how can we forget her ..even after 55 years .. she lived with us at Khatau Bhuvan Wodehouse Road and stayed at the servants section of Military Quarters Colaba .

 

So as my tribute to Aiee I shoot the Marathi Manoos ,be it the Dabbawalas , the bhajiwalis and the Kolis too.

 

Yes I shot this accidentally and let words gush out of my inner angst...if I had posted this as a picture you would only see it as a picture but I added my signature to it as a blogger ,, I let he photographer in me take the backseat ,, I remember the words of a photographer at my camera club PSI Mumbai , I was new to photography and he saw my contact sheet it had monkeys at Elephanta caves , seagulls , I had not started shooting beggars , and he said politely but scathingly ,, what are you trying to shoot I replied with my 20 mm lens shoved up the ass of a donkey I am trying to shoot the arches from assshole to eternity , being a vernacular he gave me a dumb smile and moved away I did meet him recently at my Photo Gurus book launch,, and he slithered away from my pictorial presence ,,

 

Yes I am actually a point and shoot photographer and I use my DSLRS my mobile phone as such.. and this is not a photo but a blog .. a story within a story ..

   

If our Municipal schools were good our children would turn out good

 

Once near the BMC office I saw a huge gang of boys typical rowdies all waiting outside a distant away from the Municipal school.. All abusing ranting.

 

I asked the watchman of the school about them I was shocked by his reply they had come to threaten a student who had a problem with their friend studying in the same school.

 

I was aghast and mind you this might not be happening in all Municipal schools.

 

I have shot sports functions of a few Municipal schools.

 

But mostly the middle class Muslims or the poor who can afford it send their wards to convent schools.

And schools like St Stanislaus St Andrew St Anne's and many others like St Aloysius have a large segment of Muslim kids.

 

The rich Muslims seek the best education so they send their kids to 5 star managed schools..

 

The very poor absolutely poor living from hand to mouth father a ricksha driver labor or working class and maybe has a lot of kids mostly send them to Madrsas attached to the Mosque..

 

Right to education should be beyond religion caste or creed..

Anjuman Islam girls school is very famous among Muslims and the way I see the girls well dressed with head scarf as part of their school dress code I am impressed.

 

I studied at Holy Name High school and those days of early 60 s it was called a Tinpot school and our school was surrounded by Campion Boys school and Fort Convent and one end St Anne's both girls schools.

 

The other school very famous and my brother and sister studied there was St Josephs RC Church.

 

There was Scholar too but for the rich and those who could afford it.

St Xavier St Mary's were he best but far from Colaba or WodehouseRoad road.

 

There are many schools in Sobo I had nothing to do with them.

 

I was intrigued by the Municipal schools why did the government never tried to upgrade then to state of the art schools instead of promoting the Ambanis Adanis educators.

And the Ambani Jio faculty too will be for the rich.

So what I am coming to education is about making big bucks.. This government hardly cares about education it is about school pedigree.

Being a student from Campion or Cathedral both fabulous schools and my friends studied there and Keith Kanga my childhood friend spoke so much of his Principal Mr Gunnery that I thought he was my principal too.

 

Sadly I had a very bad experience with my Principal at Holy Name a tyrant who thought discipline was more about beating a child or rusticating them instead of reforming them.. These are my personal views others did not have my kind of experience.

I was lucky I was the smartest in my class in studies only but I was michevious I paid the price.

But I have respect for my Alma mater it made me what I am today.

My sons went to St Theresa Bandra and my only daughter to Apostolic Carmel.

My granddaughters to are in Carmel.

 

But the school I documented the most in Bandra is St Stanislaus and for a long time Fr Lawrie ex principal was my patron Saint.

 

I was introduced to St Stanislaus by dear lovable friend Darryl Luke Loyola..

He made me totally Christian in my outlook..

He introduced me to my Godfather Fr Jaun.

Both Fr Lawrie FrJaun are Jesuits.

 

But the priests to play a vital role in my upbringing were Late Fr Stephen Nazareth and late Fr Leslie Ratus .

 

I have never been to a Madrsa I would have preferred to remain uneducated.

227,980 items / 1,907,574 views

 

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

Easter (Old English: Ēostre; Greek: Πάσχα, Paskha; Aramaic: פֶּסחא‎ Pasḥa; from Hebrew: פֶּסַח‎ Pesaḥ) is the central feast in the Christian liturgical year.[1] According to the Canonical gospels, Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion. His resurrection is celebrated on Easter Day or Easter Sunday[2] (also Resurrection Day or Resurrection Sunday). The chronology of his death and resurrection is variously interpreted to have occurred between AD 26 and 36.

Easter marks the end of Lent, a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance. The last week of the Lent is called Holy Week, and it contains Good Friday, commemorating the crucifixion and death of Jesus. Easter is followed by a fifty-day period called Eastertide or the Easter Season, ending with Pentecost Sunday.

Easter is a moveable feast, meaning it is not fixed in relation to the civil calendar. The First Council of Nicaea (325) established the date of Easter as the first Sunday after the full moon (the Paschal Full Moon) following the northern hemisphere's vernal equinox.[3] Ecclesiastically, the equinox is reckoned to be on March 21 (even though the equinox occurs, astronomically speaking, on March 20 in most years), and the "Full Moon" is not necessarily the astronomically correct date. The date of Easter therefore varies between March 22 and April 25. Eastern Christianity bases its calculations on the Julian Calendar whose March 21 corresponds, during the 21st century, to April 3 in the Gregorian Calendar, in which calendar their celebration of Easter therefore varies between April 4 and May 8.

Easter is linked to the Jewish Passover by much of its symbolism, as well as by its position in the calendar. In many languages, the words for "Easter" and "Passover" are etymologically related or homonymous.[4]

Easter customs vary across the Christian world, but decorating Easter eggs is a common motif. In the Western world, customs such as egg hunting and the Easter Bunny extend from the domain of church, and often have a secular character.

 

English and German

Main article: Ēostre

  

Ostara (1884) by Johannes Gehrts

The modern English term Easter developed from the Old English word Ēastre or Ēostre (IPA: [ˈæːɑstre, ˈeːostre]), which itself developed prior to 899. The name refers to Eostur-monath (Old English "Ēostre month"), a month of the Germanic calendar attested by Bede, who writes that the month is named after the goddess Ēostre of Anglo-Saxon paganism.[5] Bede notes that Ēostur-monath was the equivalent to the month of April, yet that feasts held in her honor during Ēostur-monath had gone out of use by the time of his writing and had been replaced with the Christian custom of the "Paschal season".

Using comparative linguistic evidence from continental Germanic sources, the 19th century scholar Jacob Grimm proposed the existence of a cognate form of Ēostre among the pre-Christian beliefs of the continental Germanic peoples, whose name he reconstructed as *Ostara.

Since Grimm's time, linguists have identified the goddess as a Germanic form of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European goddess of the dawn, *Hausos and theories connecting Ēostre with records of Germanic Easter customs (including hares and eggs) have been proposed.

Modern German features the cognate term Ostern, but otherwise, Germanic languages generally use the non-native term pascha for the event (see below).

Semitic, Romance, Celtic and other Germanic languages

This section contains Ethiopic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Ethiopic characters.

The Greek word Πάσχα and hence the Latin form Pascha is derived from Hebrew Pesach (פֶּסַח) meaning the festival of Passover. In Greek the word Ἀνάστασις Anástasis (upstanding, up-rising, resurrection) is used also as an alternative.

Christians speaking Arabic or other Semitic languages generally use names cognate to Pesaḥ. For instance, the second word of the Arabic name of the festival عيد الفصح ʿĪd al-Fiṣḥ, [ʕiːd ælfisˤħ] has the root F-Ṣ-Ḥ, which given the sound laws applicable to Arabic is cognate to Hebrew P-S-Ḥ, with "Ḥ" realized as /x/ in Modern Hebrew and /ħ/ in Arabic. Arabic also uses the term عيد القيامة ʿĪd al-Qiyāmah, [ʕiːd ælqiyæːmæh], meaning "festival of the resurrection", but this term is less common. In Maltese the word is L-Għid, where "Għ" stands for the common Semitic consonant Ayin, and is directly derived from Arabic ʿĪd, which in both cases means "festival". In Ge'ez and the modern Ethiosemitic languages of Ethiopia and Eritrea, two forms exist: ፋሲካ ("Fasika", fāsīkā) from Greek Pascha, and ትንሣኤ ("Tensae", tinśā'ē), the latter from the Semitic root N-Ś-', meaning "to rise" (cf. Arabic nasha'a—ś merged with "sh" in Arabic and most non-South Semitic languages).

  

Isenheim Altarpiece: The Resurrection by Matthias Grünewald, completed 1515

In all Romance languages, the name of the Easter festival is derived from the Latin Pascha. In Spanish, Easter is Pascua, in Italian and Catalan Pasqua, in Portuguese Páscoa and in Romanian Paşti. In French, the name of Easter Pâques also derives from the Latin word but the s following the a has been lost and the two letters have been transformed into a â with a circumflex accent by elision. Additionally in Romanian, the only Romance language of an Eastern church, the word Înviere (resurrection, cf. Greek Ἀνάστασις, [anástasis]) is also used.

In all modern Celtic languages the term for Easter is derived from Latin. In Brythonic languages this has yielded Welsh Pasg, Cornish and Breton Pask. In Goidelic languages the word was borrowed before these languages had re-developed the /p/ sound and as a result the initial /p/ was replaced with /k/. This yielded Irish Cáisc, Gaelic Càisg and Manx Caisht. These terms are normally used with the definite article in Goidelic languages, causing lenition in all cases: An Cháisc, A' Chàisg and Y Chaisht.

In Dutch, Easter is known as Pasen and in the Scandinavian languages Easter is known as påske (Danish and Norwegian), påsk (Swedish), páskar (Icelandic) and páskir (Faeroese). The name is derived directly from Hebrew Pesach.[6] The letter å is pronounced /oː/, derived from an older aa, and an alternate spelling is paaske or paask.

Slavic languages

In most Slavic languages, the name for Easter either means "Great Day" or "Great Night". For example, Wielkanoc, Veľká noc, Velika noč and Velikonoce mean "Great Night" or "Great Nights" in Polish, Slovak, Slovenian and Czech, respectively. Велигден (Veligden), Великдень (Velykden), Великден (Velikden), and Вялікдзень (Vyalikdzyen') mean "The Great Day" in Macedonian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, and Belarusian, respectively.

In Croatian, however, the day's name reflects a particular theological connection: it is called Uskrs, meaning "Resurrection". It is also called Vazam (Vzem or Vuzem in Old Croatian), which is a noun that originated from the Old Church Slavonic verb vzeti (now uzeti in Croatian, meaning "to take"). In Serbian Easter is called Vaskrs, a liturgical form inherited from the Serbian recension of Church Slavonic, corresponding to Croatian Uskrs. The archaic term Velja noć (velmi: Old Slavic for "great"; noć: "night") was used in Croatian while the term Velikden ("Great Day") was used in Serbian. It should be noted that in these languages the prefix Velik (Great) is used in the names of the Holy Week and the three feast days preceding Easter.

Another exception is Russian, in which the name of the feast, Пасха (Paskha), is a borrowing of the Greek form via Old Church Slavonic.[7]

Finno-Ugric languages

In Finnish the name for Easter pääsiäinen, traces back to the verb pääse- meaning to be released, as does the Sámi word Beassážat[citation needed]. The Estonian name lihavõtted and the Hungarian húsvét, however, literally mean the taking of the meat, relating to the end of the Great Lent fasting period.

Theological significance

  

Orthodox icon of the Resurrection of Jesus.

The New Testament teaches that the resurrection of Jesus, which Easter celebrates, is a foundation of the Christian faith.[8] The resurrection established Jesus as the powerful Son of God[9] and is cited as proof that God will judge the world in righteousness.[10] God has given Christians "a new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead".[11] Christians, through faith in the working of God[12] are spiritually resurrected with Jesus so that they may walk in a new way of life.[13]

Easter is linked to the Passover and Exodus from Egypt recorded in the Old Testament through the Last Supper and crucifixion that preceded the resurrection. According to the New Testament, Jesus gave the Passover meal a new meaning, as he prepared himself and his disciples for his death in the upper room during the Last Supper. He identified the loaf of bread and cup of wine as his body soon to be sacrificed and his blood soon to be shed. Paul states, "Get rid of the old yeast that you may be a new batch without yeast—as you really are. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed";[14] this refers to the Passover requirement to have no yeast in the house and to the allegory of Jesus as the Paschal lamb.

One interpretation of the Gospel of John is that Jesus, as the Passover lamb, was crucified at roughly the same time as the Passover lambs were being slain in the temple, on the afternoon of Nisan 14.[15] The scriptural instructions specify that the lamb is to be slain "between the two evenings", that is, at twilight. By the Roman period, however, the sacrifices were performed in the mid-afternoon. Josephus, Jewish War 6.10.1/423 ("They sacrifice from the ninth to the eleventh hour"). Philo, Special Laws 2.27/145 ("Many myriads of victims from noon till eventide are offered by the whole people"). This interpretation, however, is inconsistent with the chronology in the Synoptic Gospels. It assumes that text literally translated "the preparation of the passover" in John 19:14 refers to Nisan 14 (Preparation Day for the Passover) and not necessarily to Yom Shishi (Friday, Preparation Day for Sabbath)[16][17][18][19] and that the priests' desire to be ritually pure in order to "eat the passover"[20] refers to eating the Passover lamb, not to the public offerings made during the days of Unleavened Bread.[21]

In the early Church

  

Reenacting the Stations of the Cross in Jerusalem on the Via Dolorosa from the Lions' Gate to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

The first Christians, Jewish and Gentile, were certainly aware of the Hebrew calendar (Acts 2:1; 12:3; 20:6; 27:9; 1 Cor 16:8), but there is no direct evidence that they celebrated any specifically Christian annual festivals. Direct evidence for the Easter festival begins to appear in the mid-2nd century. Perhaps the earliest extant primary source referencing Easter is a mid-2nd century Paschal homily attributed to Melito of Sardis, which characterizes the celebration as a well-established one.[22] Evidence for another kind of annual Christian festival, the commemoration of martyrs, begins to appear at about the same time as evidence for the celebration of Easter.[23] But while martyrs' days (usually the individual dates of martyrdom) were celebrated on fixed dates in the local solar calendar, the date of Easter was fixed by means of the local Jewish lunisolar calendar. This is consistent with the celebration of Easter having entered Christianity during its earliest, Jewish period, but does not leave the question free of doubt.[24]

The ecclesiastical historian Socrates Scholasticus (b. 380) attributes the observance of Easter by the church to the perpetuation of its custom, "just as many other customs have been established," stating that neither Jesus nor his Apostles enjoined the keeping of this or any other festival. Although he describes the details of the Easter celebration as deriving from local custom, he insists the feast itself is universally observed.[25]

Second-century controversy

For more details on this topic, see Quartodecimanism.

See also: Easter controversy and Passover (Christian holiday)

By the later 2nd century, it was accepted that the celebration of Pascha (Easter) was a practice of the disciples and an undisputed tradition. The Quartodeciman controversy, the first of several Paschal/Easter controversies, then arose concerning the date on which Pascha should be celebrated.

The term "Quartodeciman" refers to the practice of celebrating Pascha or Easter on Nisan 14 of the Hebrew calendar, "the LORD's passover" (Leviticus 23:5). According to the church historian Eusebius, the Quartodeciman Polycarp (bishop of Smyrna, by tradition a disciple of John the Evangelist) debated the question with Anicetus (bishop of Rome). The Roman province of Asia was Quartodeciman, while the Roman and Alexandrian churches continued the fast until the Sunday following, wishing to associate Easter with Sunday. Neither Polycarp nor Anicetus persuaded the other, but they did not consider the matter schismatic either, parting in peace and leaving the question unsettled.

Controversy arose when Victor, bishop of Rome a generation after Anicetus, attempted to excommunicate Polycrates of Ephesus and all other bishops of Asia for their Quartodecimanism. According to Eusebius, a number of synods were convened to deal with the controversy, which he regarded as all ruling in support of Easter on Sunday.[26] Polycrates (c. 190), however wrote to Victor defending the antiquity of Asian Quartodecimanism. Victor's attempted excommunication was apparently rescinded and the two sides reconciled upon the intervention of bishop Irenaeus and others, who reminded Victor of the tolerant precedent of Anicetus.

Quartodecimanism seems to have lingered into the 4th century, when Socrates of Constantinople recorded that some Quartodecimans were deprived of their churches by John Chrysostom[27] and that some were harassed by Nestorius.[28]

Third/fourth-century controversy and Council

It is not known how long the Nisan 14 practice continued. But both those who followed the Nisan 14 custom, and those who set Easter to the following Sunday (the Sunday of Unleavened Bread) had in common the custom of consulting their Jewish neighbors to learn when the month of Nisan would fall, and setting their festival accordingly. By the later 3rd century, however, some Christians began to express dissatisfaction with the custom of relying on the Jewish community to determine the date of Easter. The chief complaint was that the Jewish communities sometimes erred in setting Passover to fall before the northern hemisphere spring equinox. Anatolius of Laodicea in the later 3rd century wrote:

Those who place [the first lunar month of the year] in [the twelfth zodiacal sign before the spring equinox] and fix the Paschal fourteenth day accordingly, make a great and indeed an extraordinary mistake[29]

Peter, bishop of Alexandria (died 312), had a similar complaint

On the fourteenth day of [the month], being accurately observed after the equinox, the ancients celebrated the Passover, according to the divine command. Whereas the men of the present day now celebrate it before the equinox, and that altogether through negligence and error.[30]

The Sardica paschal table[31] confirms these complaints, for it indicates that the Jews of some eastern Mediterranean city (possibly Antioch) fixed Nisan 14 on March 11 (Julian) in AD 328, on March 5 in AD 334, on March 2 in AD 337, and on March 10 in AD 339, all well before the spring equinox.[32]

Because of this dissatisfaction with reliance on the Jewish calendar, some Christians began to experiment with independent computations.[33] Others, however, felt that the customary practice of consulting Jews should continue, even if the Jewish computations were in error. A version of the Apostolic Constitutions used by the sect of the Audiani advised:

Do not do your own computations, but instead observe Passover when your brethren from the circumcision do. If they err [in the computation], it is no matter to you....[34]

Two other objections that some Christians may have had to maintaining the custom of consulting the Jewish community in order to determine Easter are implied in Constantine's letter from the Council of Nicea to the absent bishops:

It appeared an unworthy thing that in the celebration of this most holy feast we should follow the practice of the Jews...For we have it in our power, if we abandon their custom, to prolong the due observance of this ordinance to future ages by a truer order...For their boast is absurd indeed, that it is not in our power without instruction from them to observe these things....Being altogether ignorant of the true adjustment of this question, they sometimes celebrate Passover twice in the same year.[35]

The reference to Passover twice in the same year might refer to the geographical diversity that existed at that time in the Jewish calendar, due in large measure to the breakdown of communications in the Empire. Jews in one city might determine Passover differently from Jews in another city.[36] The reference to the Jewish "boast", and, indeed, the strident anti-Jewish tone of the whole passage, suggests another issue: some Christians thought that it was undignified for Christians to depend on Jews to set the date of a Christian festival.

This controversy between those who advocated independent computations, and those who wished to continue the custom of relying on the Jewish calendar, was formally resolved by the First Council of Nicaea in 325 (see below), which endorsed the move to independent computations, effectively requiring the abandonment of the old custom of consulting the Jewish community in those places where it was still used. That the older custom (called "protopaschite" by historians) did not at once die out, but persisted for a time, is indicated by the existence of canons[37] and sermons[38] against it.

Some historians have argued that mid-4th century Roman authorities, in an attempt to enforce the Nicene decision on Easter, attempted to interfere with the Jewish calendar. This theory was developed by S. Liebermann,[39] and is repeated by S. Safrai in the Ben-Sasson History of the Jewish People.[40] This view receives no support, however, in surviving mid-4th century Roman legislation on Jewish matters.[41] The Historian Procopius, in his Secret History,[42] claims that the emperor Justinian attempted to interfere with the Jewish calendar in the 6th century, and a modern writer has suggested[43] that this measure may have been directed against the protopaschites. However, none of Justinian's surviving edicts dealing with Jewish matters is explicitly directed against the Jewish calendar,[44] making the interpretation of Procopius's statement a complex matter.

Date

 

Easter and the holidays that are related to it are moveable feasts, in that they do not fall on a fixed date in the Gregorian or Julian calendars (both of which follow the cycle of the sun and the seasons). Instead, the date for Easter is determined on a lunisolar calendar similar to the Hebrew calendar. The First Council of Nicaea (325) established the date of Easter as the first Sunday after the full moon (the Paschal Full Moon) following the northern hemisphere's vernal equinox.[3] Ecclesiastically, the equinox is reckoned to be on March 21 (even though the equinox occurs, astronomically speaking, on March 20 in most years), and the "Full Moon" is not necessarily the astronomically correct date.

In Western Christianity, using the Gregorian calendar, Easter always falls on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25, inclusively.[45] The following day, Easter Monday, is a legal holiday in many countries with predominantly Christian traditions.

Eastern Christianity bases its calculations on the Julian Calendar. Due to the 13 day difference between the calendars between 1900 and 2099, March 21 corresponds, during the 21st century, to April 3 in the Gregorian Calendar. Easter therefore varies between April 4 and May 8 on the Gregorian calendar (the Julian calendar is no longer used as the civil calendar of the countries where Eastern Christian traditions predominate). Among the Oriental Orthodox some churches have changed from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar and the date for Easter as for other fixed and moveable feasts is the same as in the Western church.[46]

The precise date of Easter has at times been a matter for contention. At the First Council of Nicaea in 325 it was decided that all Christian churches would celebrate Easter on the same day, which would be computed independently of any Jewish calculations to determine the date of Passover. It is however probable (though no contemporary account of the Council's decisions has survived) that no method of determining the date was specified by the Council. Epiphanius of Salamis wrote in the mid-4th century:

...the emperor...convened a council of 318 bishops...in the city of Nicea...They passed certain ecclesiastical canons at the council besides, and at the same time decreed in regard to the Passover that there must be one unanimous concord on the celebration of God's holy and supremely excellent day. For it was variously observed by people....[47]

In the years following the council, the computational system that was worked out by the church of Alexandria came to be normative. It took a while for the Alexandrian rules to be adopted throughout Christian Europe, however. The Church of Rome continued to use an 84-year lunisolar calendar cycle from the late 3rd century until 457. It then switched to an adaptation by Victorius of the Alexandrian rules. This table was so inaccurate that the Alexandrian rules were adopted in their entirety in the following century. From this time, therefore, all disputes between Alexandria and Rome as to the correct date for Easter cease, as both churches were using identical tables.

Early Christians in Britain and Ireland also used a late 3rd century Roman 84-year cycle. They were suspected of being Quartodecimans, unjustly because they always kept Easter on a Sunday, although that Sunday could be as early as the fourteenth day of the lunar month. This was replaced by the Alexandrian method in the course of the 7th and 8th centuries. Churches in western continental Europe used a late Roman method until the late 8th century during the reign of Charlemagne, when they finally adopted the Alexandrian method. Since 1582, when the Catholic Church adopted the Gregorian calendar while the Eastern Orthodox and most Oriental Orthodox Churches retained the Julian calendar, the date on which Easter is celebrated has again differed.

Computations

Main article: Computus

In 725, Bede succinctly wrote, "The Sunday following the full Moon which falls on or after the equinox will give the lawful Easter."[48] However, this does not reflect the actual ecclesiastical rules precisely. One reason for this is that the full moon involved (called the Paschal full moon) is not an astronomical full moon, but the 14th day of a calendar lunar month. Another difference is that the astronomical vernal equinox is a natural astronomical phenomenon, which can fall on March 19, 20, or 21, while the ecclesiastical date is fixed by convention on March 21.[49]

In applying the ecclesiastical rules, Christian churches use March 21 as the starting point in determining the date of Easter, from which they find the next full moon, etc. The Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches continue to use the Julian calendar. Their starting point in determining the date of Orthodox Easter is also March 21, but according to the Julian reckoning, which corresponds to April 3 in the Gregorian calendar. In addition, the lunar tables of the Julian calendar are four days (sometimes five days) behind those of the Gregorian calendar. The 14th day of the lunar month according to the Gregorian system is only the 9th or 10th day according to the Julian. The result of this combination of solar and lunar discrepancies is divergence in the date of Easter in most years (see table).

Easter is determined on the basis of lunisolar cycles. The lunar year consists of 30-day and 29-day lunar months, generally alternating, with an embolismic month added periodically to bring the lunar cycle into line with the solar cycle. In each solar year (January 1 to December 31 inclusive), the lunar month beginning with an ecclesiastical new moon falling in the 29-day period from March 8 to April 5 inclusive is designated as the paschal lunar month for that year. Easter is the third Sunday in the paschal lunar month, or, in other words, the Sunday after the paschal lunar month's 14th day. The 14th of the paschal lunar month is designated by convention as the Paschal full moon, although the 14th of the lunar month may differ from the date of the astronomical full moon by up to two days.[50] Since the ecclesiastical new moon falls on a date from March 8 to April 5 inclusive, the paschal full moon (the 14th of that lunar month) must fall on a date from March 21 to April 18 inclusive.

Accordingly, Gregorian Easter can fall on 35 possible dates—between March 22 and April 25 inclusive.[51] It last fell on March 22 in 1818, and will not do so again until 2285. It fell on March 23 in 2008, but will not do so again until 2160. Easter last fell on the latest possible date, April 25, in 1943 and will next fall on that date in 2038. However, it fell on April 24, just one day before this latest possible date, in 2011 and will not do so again until 2095. The cycle of Easter dates repeats after exactly 5,700,000 years, with April 19 being the most common date, happening 220,400 times or 3.9%, compared to the median for all dates of 189,525 times or 3.3%.

The Gregorian calculation of Easter was based on a method devised by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius (or Lilio) for adjusting the epacts of the moon,[52] and has been adopted by almost all Western Christians and by Western countries who celebrate national holidays at Easter. For the British Empire and colonies, a determination of the date of Easter Sunday using Golden Numbers and Sunday letters was defined by the Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 with its Annexe. This was designed to exactly match the Gregorian calculation.

Relationship to date of Passover

In determining the date of the Gregorian and Julian Easter a lunisolar cycle is followed. In determining the date of the Jewish Passover a lunisolar calendar is also used, and because Easter always falls on a Sunday it usually falls up to a week after the first day of Passover (Nisan 15 in the Hebrew calendar). However, the differences in the rules between the Hebrew and Gregorian cycles results in Passover falling about a month after Easter in three years of the 19-year cycle. These occur in years 3, 11, and 14 of the Gregorian 19-year cycle (corresponding respectively to years 19, 8, and 11 of the Jewish 19-year cycle).

The reason for the difference is the different scheduling of embolismic months in the two cycles.

Further information: computus

In addition, without changes to either calendar, the frequency of monthly divergence between the two festivals will increase over time as a result of the differences in the implicit solar years: the implicit mean solar year of the Hebrew calendar is 365.2468 days while that of the Gregorian calendar is 365.2425 days. In years 2200–2299, for example, the start of Passover will be about a month later than Gregorian Easter in four years out of nineteen.

Since in the modern Hebrew calendar Nisan 15 can never fall on Monday, Wednesday, or Friday, the seder of Nisan 15 never falls on the night of Maundy Thursday. The second seder, observed in some Jewish communities on the second night of Passover can, however, occur on Thursday night.[citation needed]

Because the Julian calendar's implicit solar year has drifted further over the centuries than those of the Gregorian or Hebrew calendars, Julian Easter is a lunation later than Gregorian Easter in five years out of nineteen, namely years 3, 8, 11, 14, and 19 of the Christian cycle. This means that it is a lunation later than Jewish Passover in two years out of nineteen, years 8 and 19 of the Christian cycle. Furthermore, because the Julian calendar's lunar age is now about four to five days behind the mean lunations, Julian Easter always follows the start of Passover. This cumulative effect of the errors in the Julian calendar's solar year and lunar age has led to the often-repeated, but false, belief that the Julian cycle includes an explicit rule requiring Easter always to follow Jewish Passover.[53][54] The supposed "after Passover" rule is called the Zonaras proviso, after Joannes Zonaras, the Byzantine canon lawyer who may have been the first to formulate it.[55][56]

Reform of the date

See also: Reform of the date of Easter

  

The congregation lighting their candles from the new flame, just as the priest has retrieved it from the altar—note that the picture is flash-illuminated; all electric lighting is off, and only the oil lamps in front of the Iconostasis remain lit. (St. George Greek Orthodox Church, Adelaide)

An Orthodox congress of Eastern Orthodox bishops met in Istanbul in 1923 under the presidency of Patriarch Meletios IV, where the bishops agreed to the Revised Julian calendar. This congress did not have representatives from the remaining Orthodox members of the original Pentarchy (the Patriarchates of Jerusalem, Antioch, and Alexandria) or from the largest Orthodox church, the Russian Orthodox Church, then under persecution from the Bolsheviks, but only effective representation from the Patriarch of Constantinople and the Patriarch of Serbia.[57] The original form of this calendar would have determined Easter using precise astronomical calculations based on the meridian of Jerusalem.[58][59] However, all the Eastern Orthodox countries that subsequently adopted the Revised Julian calendar adopted only that part of the revised calendar that applied to festivals falling on fixed dates in the Julian calendar. The revised Easter computation that had been part of the original 1923 agreement was never permanently implemented in any Orthodox diocese.

At a summit in Aleppo, Syria, in 1997, the World Council of Churches (WCC) proposed a reform in the calculation of Easter which would have replaced the present divergent practices of calculating Easter with modern scientific knowledge taking into account actual astronomical instances of the spring equinox and full moon based on the meridian of Jerusalem, while also following the Council of Nicea position of Easter being on the Sunday following the full moon.[60] The WCC presented comparative data of the relationships:

178,482 items / 1,397,685 views

 

The text for this post I received as an email attachment, and I thought I would add to its shelf life, by paying tribute to my oldest childhood friend Rayomand Framroze ..we were three actually Rayo , Vimal from Sri Lanka and late Keith Kanga of Atomic Forest.

 

Rayo stayed at Khatau Road close to Wodehouse Road ..We Keith , Vimal and I stayed at Jony Castle..it was called Khatau Bhuvanwhen we were young.

 

Vimal stayed on the second floor in a house that belonged to Gazdar Jewellers Taj Mahal Hotel.Vimal and Keith were on the same wing..Keith's father Dossabhai Kanga a Parsi magnate owned the entire ground floor of their wing.

 

I stayed in the adjoining wing that was completely owned by late Nawab Kashmiri, we stayed in two room spacious servants quarters on rent ..1955 or before., I am bad with dates

  

I have not met Rayo for several years , but we connect more efficiently now that he is on Facebook.as Ray Framroze .

 

Rayo is in the white shirt ,I am in dungarees and a red scarf.. this is a very old timeless treasure of a memory...but he is now the quintessentially nomadic Bawa of Mumbai...

 

So read the attachment ..

 

A SALUTE TO THE PARSIS-A heritage to treasure

  

A SALUTE TO THE PARSIS ( An abstract from a leading Indian publication)

 

No Indian community internalised the civilizing mission of the British

As did the Parsis. Only 50,000 remain in Bombay today, mainly in South

Bombay, the most disciplined and cultured part of India.

 

In South Bombay, the cutting of lanes by drivers is punished, jumping

A red light is impossible, parking is possible only in allotted areas,

Roads are clean, service is efficient, the restaurants are unmatched -

Civilization seems within reach. South Bombay has some of the finest

Buildings in India, many of them built by Parsis.

 

The Parsis came to Bombay after Surat's port silted over in the 17th

Century. Gerald Aungier settled Bombay and gave Parsis land for their

Tower of Silence on Malabar Hill in 1672. The Parsis made millions

Through the early and mid-1800s and they spent much of it on public

Good.

 

Hindu philanthropy means building temples. They do not understand

Social philanthropy.

 

The Parsis built libraries all over India, the Birlas built 3 temples

In Hyderabad, Jaipur and Delhi. The Parsis built the National Gallery

Of Art, the Ambanis built Dhirubhai Ambani International School, where

Fees are Rs. 348,000 (US $8,000 a year in a country where per capita

Income is $ 600 per year) and where the head girl is Mukesh Ambani's

Daughter.

Mukesh Ambani is worth US$ 43 billion and the world's 5th richest man.

His brother Anil is sixth on the list, worth US$ 42 billion.

  

In the US John D Rockefeller spent millions educating black women and

Eradicating hookworm disease. He built the University of Chicago,

Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and Rockefeller University. He

Gave away $550 million ($13.5 billion in today's money) over the

Years, always setting aside 10 per cent of his earnings. The

Kingfisher Mallyas gilded the insides of the Tirupati temple with

Gold.

  

Bill Gates (who is 53) has given away $25 billion to combat malaria

And poverty. In 2006, Warren Buffet gave away $30 billion to charity,

The largest donation in history.

 

Lakshmi Mittal, the fourth richest richest man in the world says he's

Too young to think of charity... He's 57 and worth $45 billion.

 

The Hindu's lack of enthusiasm for philanthropy is cultural. The Hindu

Cosmos is Hobbesian and the devotee's relationship with God is

Transactional. God must be petitioned and placated to swing the

Universe's' blessings towards you and away from someone else. They

Believe that society has no role in your advancement and there is no

Reason to give back to it because it hasn't given you anything in the

First place.

 

Two centuries of British education was unable to alter this. The

Parsis understood that philanthropy - love of mankind - recognizes

That we cannot progress alone. That there is such a thing as the

Common good. They spent as no Indian community had on building

Institutions, making them stand out in a culture whose talent lies in

Renaming things other people built.

 

The Indian Institute of Science was built in 1911 by Jamshedji

Nusserwanji Tata, the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research was built

By Dr Homi Bhabha, the Tata Institute of Social Science was built in

1936 by the Sir Dorabji Tata Trust.

 

The Wadias built hospitals, women's colleges and the five great

Low-income Parsi colonies of Bombay. JJ Hospital and Grant Medical

College were founded by Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy. By 1924, two out of

Five Indians - whether Hindu, Muslim or Parsi - joining the Indian

Civil Services were on Tata scholarships.

 

The Parsis patronized art and culture. They gave Bombay Jehangir Art

Gallery, Sir JJ School of Art and Taraporevala Aquarium. The National

Center for Performing Arts, the only place in India where world-class

Classical concerts are held is a gift of the Tatas.

 

There are 161 Friends of the Symphony Orchestra of India

(www.soimumbai. In).. Ninety-two of them are Parsi. For an annual fee

Of Rs 10,000, Friends of the SOI get two tickets to any one recital in

The season, they get to shake hands with artistes after the concert

And they get to attend music appreciation talks through the year.

 

Donations of Rs. 1 million to the Tirupati Temple (www.tirumala. org)

will bring the donor and his family three days of darshan in the year,

one gold coin with the lord's portrait and 20 laddoos.

 

They know who their gift is for - not society - and so diamonds and

gold are the preferred offerings, things that cannot be used other

than as ornamentation to prettify the deity. The temple's budget for

2007-8 was Rs 9 billion (Rs 904 crore/ US $193 million!!!).

 

The Parsi dominates high culture in Bombay and this means that a

concert experience in the city is unlike that in any other part of

India. Classical concerts in Bombay are always full in halls that can

seat as many as two thousand.

 

Zubin Mehta, the most famous Parsi in the world, is in Bombay this

month for a series of concerts. Mehta, director of the Israel

Philharmonic Orchestra since 1969, will conduct the tenor Placido

Domingo, the pianist Daniel Barenboim and the soprano Barbara

Frittoli. Four concerts will be held at the Jamshed Bhabha Opera House

and then one at Brabourne Stadium with a capacity of 25,000.

 

No other city in India has this appetite for classical music and in

Bombay this comes from the Parsi. Despite their tiny population, the

Parsi presence in a concert hall is above 50 per cent. And they all

come. Gorgeous Parsi girls in formal clothes - saris, gowns -

children, men and the old. Many have to be helped to their seats. Most

of them know the music.

 

The people who clap between movements, thinking that the 'song' is

over, are non-Parsis. Symphony Orchestra of India concerts begin at

7pm. Once the musicians start, latecomers must wait outside till the

movement ends. The end of each movement also signals a fusillade of

coughs and groans, held back by doddering Parsis too polite to make a

sound while Mendelssohn is being played. No mobile phone ever goes off

as is common in cinema halls: his neighbors are aware of the Parsi's

insistence of form and his temper.

 

The Parsis were also pioneers of Bombay's Gujarati theatre, which

remains the most popular form of live entertainment in Bombay. Any

week of the year will see at least a half dozen bedroom comedies,

murder mysteries, love stories and plays on assorted themes on stage.

The Parsis were the pioneers of this, writing and acting in the first

plays of Bombay. They also built the institutions that supported this.

Bombay's first theatre was opened by Parsis in 1846, the Grant Road

Theatre, donations from Jamshetjee Jejeebhoy and Framjee Cowasjee

making it possible.

 

The Parsi in Bollywood caricature is a comic figure, but always

honest, and innocent as Indians believe Parsis generally to be,

rightly or wrongly.

 

In the days before modern cars came to India the words 'Parsi-owned'

were guaranteed to ensure that a second-hand car listed for sale would

get picked up ahead of any others. This is because people are aware of

how carefully the Parsi keeps his things. His understanding and

enthusiasm of the mechanical separates him from the Hindu, whose

horror of it comes from his culture. Most of the automobile magazines

in India are owned and edited by Parsis.

 

The Parsis are a dying community and this means that more Parsis die

each year than are born (Symphony concert-goers can also discern the

disappearing Parsi from the rising numbers of those who clap between

movements).

 

As the Parsis leave, South Bombay will become like the rest of Bombay

- brutish, undisciplined and filthy. The British left when they had

to, but they left some of their civilisation behind and the best of it

remains in the possession of this great Indian community, the Parsis!

 

Preserve this race.....

You are privileged if you have A Parsi Bawa as your friend......He is indeed a "Heritage" to treasure.

             

ForwardSourceID:NT0003A10E

227,980 items / 1,907,574 views

 

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

The Angelus (Latin for "angel") is a Christian devotion in memory of the Incarnation. As with many Catholic prayers, the name Angelus is derived from its incipit: Angelus Domini nuntiavit Mariæ ("... the Angel of the Lord declared unto Mary ...") and is practised by reciting as versicle and response three Biblical verses describing the mystery; alternating with the salutation "Hail Mary!" The Angelus exemplifies a species of prayers called the prayer of the devotee.[1][2]

The devotion was traditionally recited in Roman Catholic churches, convents, and monasteries three times daily: 6:00 am, noon, and 6:00 pm (many churches still follow the devotion, and some practice it at home). The devotion is also used by some Anglican and Lutheran churches.

The Angelus is usually accompanied by the ringing of the Angelus bell, which is a call to prayer and to spread good-will to everyone on Earth. The angel referred to in the prayer is Gabriel, a messenger of God who revealed to Mary that she would conceive a child to be born the Son of God. (Luke 1:26-38).

 

The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "The history of the Angelus is by no means easy to trace with confidence, and it is well to distinguish in this matter between what is certain and what is in some measure conjectural."[3] This is an old devotion which was already well established 700 years ago. The Angelus originated with the 11th-century monastic custom of reciting three Hail Marys during the evening bell. The first written documentation stems from Italian Franciscan monk Sinigardi di Arezzo (died 1282).[4] Franciscan monasteries in Italy document the use in 1263 and 1295. The Angelus is included in a Venetian Catechism from 1560.[4] The older usages seem to have commemorated the resurrection of Christ in the morning, his suffering at noon and the annunciation in the evening.[4] In 1269, St Bonaventure urged the faithful to adopt the custom of the Franciscans of saying three Hail Marys as the evening bell was rung.[5]

  

The Angelus (1857–59) by Jean-François Millet is one of the most celebrated and reproduced images of prayer. [1]

The Angelus is not identical to the "Turkish bell" ordered by Pope Calixtus III (1455–58) in 1456, who asked for a long midday bell ringing and prayer for protection against the Turkish invasions of his time. In his 1956 Apostolic Letter Dum Maerenti Animo about the persecution of the Church in Eastern Europe and China, Pope Pius XII recalls the 500th anniversary of the "Turkish bell", a prayer crusade ordered by his predecessors against the dangers from the East. He again asks the faithful throughout the World, to pray for the persecuted Church in the East during the mid-day Angelus.[6]

The custom of reciting it in the morning apparently grew from the monastic custom of saying three Hail Marys while a bell rang at Prime. The noon time custom apparently arose from the noon time commemoration of the Passion on Fridays. The institution of the Angelus is by some ascribed to Pope Urban II, by some to Pope John XXII for the year 1317.[5] The triple recitation is ascribed to Louis XI of France, who in 1472 ordered it to be said three times daily. The form of the prayer was standardized by the 17th century.[5]

The manner of ringing the Angelus—the triple stroke repeated three times, with a pause between each set of three (a total of nine strokes), sometimes followed by a longer peal as at curfew—seems to have been the norm from the very beginning. The 15th-century constitutions of Syon monastery dictate that the lay brother "shall toll the Ave bell nine strokes at three times, keeping the space of one Pater and Ave between each three tollings".[7]

In his Apostolic Letter Marialis Cultus (1974), Pope Paul VI encouraged the praying of the Angelus and confirmed its importance: it reminds us of the Paschal Mystery, in which recalling the Incarnation of the Son of God we pray that we may be led "through his passion and cross to the glory of his resurrection."[8]

[edit]Modern usage

 

Roman Catholic Mariology

A series of articles on

Marian Prayers

 

Alma Redemptoris Mater

Angelus

As a Child I Loved You

Ave Maris Stella

Ave Regina Caelorum

Fatima Prayers

Flos Carmeli

Hail Mary

Hail Mary of Gold

Immaculata prayer

Immaculate Mary

Magnificat

Mary Our Queen

Memorare

Regina Coeli

Rosary

Salve Regina

Stabat Mater

Sub tuum praesidium

Three Hail Marys

In most Franciscan and contemplative monasteries, the Angelus continues to be prayed three times a day.

In Germany, particular dioceses and their radio stations ring the Angelus. In addition, Roman Catholic churches (and some Protestant ones) ring the Angelus bell thrice daily.[7]

In Italy since Pope John XXIII, every Sunday at noon the pope has an address broadcast by public television (Rai Uno) and Eurovision Network. At the end of the address the Pope recites the Angelus.

In Ireland, the Angelus is broadcast every night before the main evening news at 6:00 pm on the main national TV channel, RTÉ One, and on the broadcaster's sister radio station, Radio 1, at noon and 6:00 pm. There is debate about whether to end the Angelus broadcasts on RTÉ since the broadcaster is funded and run by an authority appointed by the Irish Government. Consequently, the practice may constitute state support of one faith over others.

The Angelus is broadcast daily on radio in the city of Monterrey, Mexico at 6:00 am, noon, and 6:00 pm.

In the Philippines, radio and television stations run by the Catholic Church and some religious orders broadcast the Angelus at 6:00 am, noon, and 6:00 pm. The devotion is also broadcast over the public address system at noon and 6:00 pm in some shopping malls, and in many Catholic educational institutions mostly at noon on schooldays (some only ring bells at 6 p.m.).

In the United States and Canada, some Catholic radio stations run by laity broadcast the Angelus daily. American Trappist monasteries and convents often combine the Angelus with midday prayers or Vespers and prayed together in the Church.

It is common practice that during the recital of the Angelus prayer, for the lines "And the Word was made flesh/And dwelt among us", those reciting the prayer bow or genuflect. Either of these actions draws attention to the moment of the Incarnation of Christ into human flesh.

[edit]Angelus bell

 

The Angelus, in all its stages of development, was closely associated with the ringing of a church bell. The bell is still rung in some English country churches and has often been mistaken for, and alleged to be a remnant of, the curfew bell. The Angelus is replaced by Regina Coeli during Eastertide, and is not said on Good Friday or Holy Saturday.

Where the town bell and the bells of the principal church or monastery were distinct, the curfew was generally rung upon the town bell. Where the church bell served for both purposes, the Ave and the curfew were probably rung upon the same bell at different hours.

 

The ringing of the Angelus in the 14th century and even in the 13th century must have been very general.[citation needed] The number of bells belonging to these two centuries which still survive is relatively low, but a considerable proportion bear inscriptions which suggest that they were originally intended to serve as Ave bells. Many bear the words Ave Maria; or, as in the case of a bell at Helfta, near Eisleben, in Germany, dated 1234, the whole sentence: Ave Maria, gratia plena, Dominus tecum.

Bells inscribed with Ave Maria are also numerous in England, but there the Angelus bells seem in a very large number of instances to have been dedicated to St Gabriel, the angel mentioned in the prayer (Luke 1:26-27). In the Diocese of Lincoln alone there are nineteen surviving mediaeval bells bearing the name of Gabriel, while only six bear the name of Michael, a much more popular patron in other respects.

In France, the Ave Maria seems to have been the ordinary label for Angelus bells; but in Germany the most common inscription of all, even in the case of many bells of the 13th century, the words O Rex Gloriæ Veni Cum Pace ("O King of Glory, Come with Peace"). In Germany, the Netherlands, and in some parts of France, the Angelus bell was regularly known as the Peace bell, and pro pace schlagen (to toll for peace) was a phrase popularly used for ringing the Angelus.

In the Philippines, the ringing of church bells is still done for the Angelus every 6:00 pm. In the past, Filipino families at the sound of the bell would kneel before their home altars and pray the Angelus. The rite is called the orasyón, from the Spanish oracion, (prayer/litany/recitation), and children playing outside must come home before the family prays the Angelus. In traditional Spanish-Filipino families, the Angelus is recited in Spanish.

The Irish national broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann airs the Angelus bells at noon and 6:00 pm every day on the national radio station RTÉ Radio 1 and at 6:00 pm on the national television station RTÉ One. This consists of a bell ringing for a minute, accompanied by images of people pausing in contemplation (filmed in North Kildare) in the television version. Foggy Dew, an Irish rebel ballad commemorating the Easter Rising, has the line "the Angelus bell o'er the Liffey swell rang out through the foggy dew."

With regard to the manner of ringing the Angelus, it seems sufficient to note that the triple stroke repeated three times with a pause between seems to have been adopted from the very beginning.

  

from wikipedia

 

Roman Catholic Christians treat Good Friday as a fast day, which is defined as only having one full meal with, if needed, two small snacks that together do not make a full meal.

The Catholic Good Friday in the Roman Rite afternoon service involves a series of readings and meditations, as well as the (sung) reading of the Passion account from the Gospel of John which is often read dramatically, with the priest, one or more readers, and the congregation all taking part. In the traditional Latin liturgy, the Passion is read by the priest facing the altar, with three deacons chanting in the sanctuary facing the people. Unlike Roman Catholic services on other days, the Good Friday service is not a Mass, and in fact, celebration of Catholic Mass on Good Friday is forbidden. Eucharist consecrated the night before (Holy Thursday) may be distributed. The cross is presented, with the people given an opportunity to venerate it. The services also include a long series of formal intercessions. The solemnity and somberness of the occasion has led to a phenomenon whereby in the course of history the liturgical provisions have a tendency to persist without substantial modification, even over the centuries. Some churches hold a three-hour mediation from midday, the Three Hours' Agony. In some countries, such as Malta, Philippines, Italy and Spain, processions with statues representing the Passion of Christ are held.

  

A Good Friday procession in Ecuador.

The Church mourns for Christ's death, reveres the Cross, and marvels at his life for his obedience until death.

The only sacraments celebrated are Penance and Anointing of the Sick. While there is no celebration of the Eucharist, Holy Communion is distributed to the faithful only in the Service of the Passion of the Lord, but can be taken at any hour to the sick who are unable to attend this service.

The altar remains completely bare, without texts, candlesticks, or altar cloths.

It is customary to empty the holy water fonts in preparation of the blessing of the water at the Easter Vigil.[6]

The Stations of the Cross are often prayed either in the church or outside.

The Celebration of the Passion of the Lord takes place in the afternoon, ideally at three o'clock, but for pastoral reasons a later hour may be chosen.

Since 1970, the colour of the vestments is red. Previously it was black. If a bishop celebrates, he wears a plain mitre.

'The liturgy consists of three parts in the Roman Rite: the Liturgy of the Word, the Veneration of the Cross, and Holy Communion.

Liturgy of the Word

Prostration of the celebrant before the altar.

The readings from Isaiah 53 (about the Suffering Servant) and the Epistle to the Hebrews are read.

The Passion narrative of the Gospel of John is sung or read, often divided between more than one singer or reader.

General Intercessions: The congregation prays for the Church, the Pope, the Jews, non-Christians, unbelievers and others.

Veneration of the Cross: A crucifix is solemnly unveiled before the congregation. The people venerate it on their knees. During this part, the "Reproaches" are often sung.

Communion service: Hosts consecrated at the Mass of the previous day are distributed to the people (traditionally only the celebrant communes not the congregation).

Even if music is used in the Liturgy, it is not used to open and close the Liturgy, nor is there a formal recessional (closing procession).

It was once customary in some countries, especially England, to place a veiled monstrance with the Blessed Sacrament or a cross in a Holy Sepulchre".[7]

If crucifixes were covered starting with the next to last Sunday in Lent, they are unveiled without ceremony after the Good Friday service.

[edit]Holy Saturday

Main article: Holy Saturday

Mass is not celebrated on what is liturgically Holy Saturday. The celebration of Easter begins after sundown on what, though still Saturday in the civil calendar, is liturgically Easter Sunday.

On Holy Saturday the Church waits at the Lord's tomb in prayer and fasting, meditating on his Passion and Death and on his Descent into Hell, and awaiting his Resurrection.

The Church abstains from the Sacrifice of the Mass, with the sacred table left bare, until after the solemn Vigil, that is, the anticipation by night of the Resurrection, when the time comes for paschal joys, the abundance of which overflows to occupy fifty days.[8]

In some Anglican churches, including the Episcopal Church in the United States, there is provision for a simple liturgy of the word with readings commemorating the burial of Christ.

The tabernacle is left empty and open. The lamp or candle usually situated next to the tabernacle denoting the Presence of Christ is put out, and the remaining Eucharistic Hosts consecrated on Holy Thursday are kept elsewhere, usually the sacristy, with a lamp or candle burning before it, so that, in cases of the danger of death, they may be given as viaticum.

[edit]Easter Vigil

Main article: Easter Vigil

In the Roman Catholic tradition, the Easter Vigil, the longest and most solemn of the Catholic Church's liturgical services, lasting up to three or four hours, consists of four parts:

The Service of Light

The Liturgy of the Word

The Liturgy of Baptism: The sacraments of Baptism and Confirmation for new members of the Church and the Renewal of Baptismal Promises by the entire congregation.

Holy Eucharist

The Liturgy begins after sundown on Holy Saturday as the crowd gathers inside the unlit church. In the darkness (often in a side chapel of the church building or, preferably, outside the church), a new fire is kindled and blessed by the priest. This new fire symbolizes the light of salvation and hope that God brought into the world through Christ's Resurrection, dispelling the darkness of sin and death. From this fire is lit the Paschal candle, symbolizing the Light of Christ. This Paschal candle will be used throughout the season of Easter, remaining in the sanctuary of the Church or near the lectern, and throughout the coming year at baptisms and funerals, reminding all that that Christ is "light and life."

  

Candles lit for the Easter Vigil at Heiligenkreuz Abbey in Austria.

All baptized Catholics present (i.e. those who have received the "Light of Christ") receive candles which are lit from the Paschal candle. As this symbolic "Light of Christ" spreads throughout those gathered, the darkness is decreased. A deacon, or the priest if there is no deacon, carries the Paschal Candle at the head of the entrance procession and, at three points, stops and chants the proclamation "Light of Christ" or "Christ our Light", to which the people respond "Thanks be to God." Once the procession concludes, the deacon or a cantor chants the Exultet (also called the "Easter Proclamation"), and, the church remaining lit only by the people's candles and the Paschal candle, the people take their seats for the Liturgy of the Word.

The Liturgy of the Word consists of between two and seven readings from the Old Testament. The account of the Exodus is given particular attention in the readings since it is considered to be the Old Testament antetype of Christian salvation. Each reading is followed by a psalm and a prayer relating what has been read in the Old Testament to the Mystery of Christ. After these readings conclude, a fanfare may sound on the organ and additional musical instruments and the Gloria in Excelsis Deo is sung. During this outburst of musical jubilation the congregation's candles are extinguished, the church lights are turned on, and bells rung while the church's decorative funnings — altar frontals, the reredos, lectern hangings, processional banners, statues and paintings — which had been stripped or covered during Holy Week, are ceremonially replaced and unveiled and flowers are placed on altars and elsewhere. (In the pre-Vatican II rite, the statues, which have been covered during Passion Time, are unveiled at this time. In some places, the church removes the covering of statues and puts Easter flowers and decorations on the day of Holy Saturday before the Easter Vigil celebration. Also, in the current ritual the lights are turned on after the last proclamation of 'Christ our Light'.) Members of the congregation may have been encouraged to bring flowers which are also brought forward and placed about the sanctuary and side altars. A reading from the Epistle to the Romans is proclaimed. The Alleluia is sung for the first time since the beginning of Lent (or, in the pre-Vatican II rite, since Septuagesima). The Gospel of the Resurrection then follows, along with a homily.

After the conclusion of the Liturgy of the Word, the water of the baptismal font is consecrated and any catechumens or candidates for full communion are initiated into the church, by baptism and/or confirmation, respectively. After the celebration of these sacraments of initiation, the congregation renews their baptismal vows and receive the sprinkling of baptismal water. The general intercessions follow.

After the Liturgy of Baptism, the Liturgy of the Eucharist continues as usual. This is the first Mass of Easter Day. During the Eucharist, the newly baptised receive Holy Communion for the first time. According to the rubrics of the Missal, the Eucharist should finish before dawn.

[edit]Easter Sunday

Main article: Easter

Easter Sunday, which immediately follows Holy Week, is the great feast day and apogee of the Christian liturgical year: on this day the Resurrection of Jesus Christ is celebrated. It is the first day of the new season of the Great Fifty Days, or Eastertide, which runs from Easter Sunday to Pentecost Sunday. Easter Sunday is the main reason why Christians keep Sunday as the primary day of religious observance.

  

from wikipedia

  

Holy Week (Latin: Hebdomas Sancta or Hebdomas Maior, "Greater Week"; Greek: Ἁγία καὶ Μεγάλη Ἑβδομάς, Hagia kai Megale Hebdomas) in Christianity is the last week of Lent and the week before Easter. It includes the religious holidays of Palm Sunday, Maundy Thursday (Holy Thursday), Good Friday, and Holy Saturday. It does not include Easter Sunday. In Eastern Orthodox tradition, Holy Week starts on Lazarus Saturday, the day before Palm Sunday. (Easter Sunday, for context, is the first day of the new season of the Great Fifty Days, or Eastertide, there being fifty days from Easter Sunday to Pentecost Sunday.)

 

Holy Week in the Christian year is the week immediately before Easter. The earliest Catholic allusion to the custom of marking this week as a whole with special observances is to be found in the Apostolical Constitutions (v. 18, 19), dating from the latter half of the 3rd century and 4th century. In this text, abstinence from flesh is commanded for all the days, while for the Friday and Sunday an absolute fast is commanded. Dionysius Alexandrinus in his canonical epistle (AD 260), refers to the 91 fasting days implying that the observance of them had already become an established usage in his time.[1]

There is some doubt about the genuineness of an ordinance attributed to Constantine, in which abstinence from public business was enforced for the seven days immediately preceding Easter Sunday, and also for the seven which followed it; the Codex Theodosianus, however, is explicit in ordering that all actions at law should cease, and the doors of all courts of law be closed during those 15 days (1. ii. tit. viii.). Of the particular days of the "great week" the earliest to emerge into special prominence was naturally Good Friday. Next came the Sabbatum Magnum ("Great Sabbath", i.e., Holy Saturday or Easter Eve) with its vigil, which in the early church was associated with an expectation that the second advent would occur on an Easter Sunday.

There are other Scriptures that refer to the traditions of the Early Church, most notably The Pilgrimage of Etheria (also known as The Pilgrimage of Egeria) which details the complete observance of Holy Week in the early church.

  

Palm Sunday (Passion Sunday)

Main article: Palm Sunday

Holy Week begins with Sunday of the Passion of Our Lord. Before 1955 this Sunday was known in the Roman Rite simply as Palm Sunday and the preceding Sunday as Passion Sunday. From 1955 to 1971 it was called Second Sunday in Passiontide or Palm Sunday.

To commemorate the entrance of the messiah into Jerusalem, to accomplish his paschal mystery, it is customary to have before Mass a blessing of palm leaves (or other branches, for example olive branches). The blessing ceremony, preferably held outside the church includes the reading of a Gospel account of how Jesus rode into Jerusalem humbly on a donkey, reminiscent of a Davidic victory procession, and how people placed palms on the ground in front of him. Immediately following this great time of celebration in the entering of Jesus into Jerusalem, he begins his journey to the cross. This is followed by a procession or solemn entrance into the church, with the participants holding the blessed branches in their hands

The Mass itself includes a reading of the Passion, the narrative of Jesus' capture, sufferings and death, as recounted in one of the Synoptic Gospels.

Before the reform of the rite by Pope Pius XII, the blessing of the palms occurred inside the church within a service that followed the general outline of a Mass, with Collect, Epistle and Gospel, as far as the Sanctus. The palms were then blessed with five prayers, and a procession went out of the church and on its return included a ceremony for the reopening of the doors, which had meantime been shut. After this the normal Mass was celebrated.[2]

[edit]Monday to Wednesday

The days between Palm Sunday and Holy Thursday are known as Holy Monday, Holy Tuesday, and Holy Wednesday. The Gospels of these days recount events not all of which occurred on the corresponding days between Jesus' entry into Jerusalem and his Last Supper. For instance, the Monday Gospel tells of the Anointing at Bethany (John 12:1-9), which occurred before the Palm Sunday event described in John 12:12-19.

The Chrism Mass, whose texts the Roman Missal now gives under Holy Thursday, may be brought forward to one of these days, to facilitate participation by as many as possible of the clergy of the diocese together with the bishop. This Mass was not included in editions of the Roman Missal before the time of Pope Pius XII. In this Mass the bishop blesses separate oils for the sick (used in Anointing of the Sick), for catechumens (used in Baptism) and chrism (used in Baptism, but especially in Confirmation and Holy Orders, as well as in rites such as the blessing of an altar and a church).

[edit]Tenebrae

When the principal services of Holy Thursday, Good Friday, and the Easter Vigil were celebrated in the morning, the office of Matins and Lauds of each day was celebrated on the evening of the preceding day in the service known as Tenebrae (Latin, "Darkness").

[edit]Maundy (Holy) Thursday

Main article: Mass of the Lord's Supper

On this day the private celebration of Mass is forbidden.[3] Thus, apart from the Chrism Mass for the blessing of the Holy Oils that the diocesan bishop may celebrate on the morning of Holy Thursday, but also on some other day close to Easter, the only Mass on this day is the evening Mass of the Lord's Supper, which inaugurates the period of three days, known as the Easter Triduum, that includes Good Friday (seen as beginning with the service of the preceding evening), Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday up to evening prayer on that day.[4]

The Mass of the Lord's Supper commemorates the Last Supper of Jesus with his Twelve Apostles, "the institution of the Eucharist, the institution of the priesthood, and the commandment of brotherly love that Jesus gave after washing the feet of his disciples."[5]

All the bells of the church, including altar bells, may be rung during the Gloria in Excelsis Deo of the Mass (the Gloria is not traditionally sung during the entire Lenten season). The bells and the organ then fall silent until the Gloria at the Easter Vigil.[citation needed] In some countries, children are sometimes told: "The bells have flown to Rome."

The Roman Missal recommends that, if considered pastorally appropriate, the priest should, immediately after the homily, celebrate the rite of washing the feet of an unspecified number of men, customarily twelve, recalling the number of the Apostles.

A sufficient number of hosts are consecrated for use also in the Good Friday service, and at the conclusion the Blessed Sacrament is carried in procession to a place of reposition away from the main body of the church, which, if it involves an altar, is often called an "altar of repose". However, the Mass does not officially end and technically extends over the next two days, not "ending" until the end of the Easter Vigil Mass.

The altars of the church (except the one used for altar of repose) are later stripped quite bare and, to the extent possible, crosses are removed from the church or veiled. (In the pre-Vatican II rite, crucifixes and statues are covered with violet covers during Passion time, but the crucifix covers can be white instead of violet on Holy Thursday.)

[edit]Good Friday

One race that God made with intense love and added humility and his grace are the Tamils.

 

God loves Tamils , and the Tamils, well they are a Godly race .

The finest and the best.

 

Gods Godliness , shines through the devotion of the Tamils , a devotion that stretches wherever the Tamil has made his home ,be it any other country.

The Tamil is a Tamil..period.

He like his forefathers who settled the globe have kept their Tamilness , their culture , their rites and rituals alive.They wont give up their Tamil pride or their southern Indianess.

They are connected to the ethos of the land of their ancestral birth..they are fighters for a just cause, they will give up their lives to keep justice and truth alive.

 

Right from my early childhood , at Wode House Road Colaba, I watched the Tamils..played with them , these working class Tamils who lived in servants quarters at the Military Quarters across my house at Khatau Mansion now Jony Castle.

 

Some of the poorer familes were in the hooch business, but they did it to keep their human souls alive, they were fiercely territorial, you dare not mess with a Madrasi Anna as they were called in the early 60s .

 

My childhood friends were Keith Kanga , Vimal Patacharige from Sri Lanka and Rayomand Framroze , rich affluent , but I played wth Madrasi boys that Keiths Granny would call Chokra boys a derogatory term.

 

I remember Panji , he was a Madrasi and loved me, he was always getting into trouble robbing mangoes and jack fruit from the neigbouring gardens and would share his illicit loot with me..

 

I was really small, naieve, he would take me on his rounds rag picking from kachra kundis, garbage bin..specially for electrical wires or metal stuff that he sold and would treat me to a cold drink or a film at Defence Cinema now Sena at RC Church.

 

My prents would beat me black and blue for having such friends , but I dont blame them , this was 1956... a different era a different epoch.

 

One day Panji called me , he wanted to climb the Jambul tree close to Bombay Port Trust and the Colaba Bus Depot, I was not allowed to go, but after a few hours at the Military Quarters there was a huge sound of wailing and cries, I rushed and cutting across the barbed fence came out on the Sassooon Dock side , Panji they told me had fallen from the Jambul Tree , his body rushed to St George Hospital or perhaps Ashwini I dont know , but the place where he had fallen on the road, was remains of his splattered brains..

 

Panji was my first Tamilian friend , and I am crying as I write this..

 

His body was laid at the Military Quarters under the huge banyan tree -- these are my early memories..

 

After that we moved out from Colaba Wode House Road ..

 

The last Tamil person I served as fashion designer where I worked at Bada Saab Tailors Bandra was Mr Rajnikanth in the early 80s , he stayed at Holiday Inn..

A human being with the humility of God..

Always showing respect to everyone inspite of being a Southern superstar those days..

I visted Madras only once for Mr Chiranjeevi..

 

And since the last three years I wanted to go and shoot the Eunuch Festival at Koovagam, but it has eluded me, perhaps Lord Iravan will call me next year.. Inshallah.

 

As a Shia Pandit I think its is not just pain , but a certain strength of spiritual integrity, that binds me to the Tamils those devotees of Goddess Maryamma..

 

I will never miss this feast and shoot and share it with all of you...

 

Thank you BhimanPeriyar Swami Devendra of Nehru Nagar Juhu.

     

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I have always been fascinated by the church as a child , a dreamer I saw dreams , wordless as I sat in the Cathedral of Holy Name Wodehouse Road , my recess time my lunch break bought me here ,perhaps this was the earliest grounding inspiration of my becoming a photographer a poet and a photo blogger ...much late in life as the major part of my lifes journey was consumed by chronic alcoholism

 

And I came and sat here since 1963 .. being a Shia Muslim did not deter me , I had taken up Catechism instead of Moral Science because my parents had faith in me and trusted their decisions , I was a Muslim but got the highest marks in Catechism and than as I came to higher class I reverted to Moral Science and luckily those days I would sit talk on religion with Fr Leslie Ratus Fr Stephen Narzareth both deceased .. and in all these years neither did the priests or the school ever try to convert me to their religion or views .. and I am proud to say Christianity made me a good Muslim and a good Indian too.

 

So I shoot Jesus write Jesus poetry , shoot Good Friday and the 14 Stations of the Cross , I pay my tribute to those that made me humble human and sensitive to other peoples pain..

 

Later on when I came to Bandra I met the Jesuits and began shooting St Peter Church Bandra , Fr Jaun my spiritual godfather parish priest helped me understand life and it was St Peter that became my parish..I shot other Bandra churches but I found peace at St Peter Church.I dont know why..

 

So this is my blog of peace during the Holy Week.. I shot the Cathedral of Holy Name in available light without using flash.. I shot my childhood my school memories and I shot my rebirth too as a beggar poet of Mumbai .. a Shia Hindu a Dam Madar Malang too

I am an Indian my roots are deeply entreched to the country of my birth .

My faith my religion does not teach me to bad mouth any persons spirituality.. this was the gift I got from my Shia parents.

 

Our servants when we were growing up WodehouseRoad Colaba was a Hindu lady and later our maids were Christians from Goa or Mangalore ..my mother being a chronic asthamatic needed a maid to take care of the younger siblings.

 

My Gurus were all Hindus my friends during my Childhood Buddhist Parsi Jehovah Witness and later Hindus.. so the formative years were of being aware of people's faith culture and giving respect.

 

Once I took up photography my Gurus Mr Maheshawariji Prof Jatkar Mr Malushte showed me a path to document life around me.

 

I shot Hindu festivals and perhaps being the only Muslim walking shooting Lalbagh Chya Raja Visaejan barefeet for 18 years.

 

Than my NagaSadhu Guru helped me shoot the Maha Kumbh twice Nasik Kumbh and the Ujjain Kumbh 2017 .

 

So my perception has been my surroundings promoting hope humanity.

 

I shot AmbubachiMela twice.. and Hinduism has been an integral path of my being.. because was born in India.. my thoughts my emotions are connected to India...

 

My forefathers did not take the train to Pakistan thus saved us completely..

I live in India.

I hope to die in India.

 

I don't troll people I don't find fault with other people's spirituality..

I believe in live and live..

 

And it's misguided Muslims who love killing Muslims more than any other race in the world.

They love abusing Sufis Shias but won't condemn those that kill with impunity innocent people in the name of God.

 

We are divided by our hate prejudice bias I too have a dream that all Muslims unite under the banner of Peace and Brotherhood.

 

It again comes down to education my parents educated me and without them I would not be what I am.

.

The Cathedral of the Holy Name is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the Indian city of Mumbai (Bombay) and the seat of the Archbishop of Bombay and headquarters of the Archdiocese of Bombay . The cathedral is located in the Colaba area in South Mumbai. The residence of the Archbishop is located adjacent to the Cathedral.

 

This Cathedral was built to replace the older Cathedral which was located in the Bhuleshwar area of the city, where there are few resident Christians. That site was sold off, and the former parochial church of the Holy Name in Colaba was elevated as the Pro-Cathedral.

 

The site of this church is very close to the site of the former Portuguese Church of Our Lady of Hope, or Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, that was confiscated by the English from the Padroado party and handed over to the Propaganda party's Vicar Apostolic Athanasius Hartmann. The Esperanca Church was demolished by the Propagandists soon after, and in its place the present Esperanca Building, also called the Eucharistic Congress Building, behind the Holy Name Cathedral, was built to house the delegates to the 38th International Eucharistic Congress in the 1960s.

 

It is known for its frescoes, pipe organ, a large gold embroidered stole gifted by Pope John XXIII, and another by Pope Pius XII containing the red hat given to Cardinal Valerian Gracias, and a bell gifted by Pope Paul VI during the 38th International Eucharistic Congress held in Mumbai in 1964.

 

It is one of the two more known cathedrals in the city, the other being the older, Anglican, Cathedral of St. Thomas the Apostle. Other Cathedrals in the city include those of the Jacobites and the Syro-Malankara Rite,

 

In addition, there were at least two other buildings which, while not strictly Cathedrals, were popularly styled as being Pro-Cathedrals of the Padroado party Bishop of Daman, who resided normally at the Portuguese government-owned Blessed Sacrament Chapel in Middle Colaba — St. Francis Xavier Church in Dabul and the Church of Our Lady of Glory (Nossa Senhora da Gloria) or Gloria Church in Byculla.

227,922 items / 1,907,169 views

 

The Cathedral of the Holy Name is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the Indian city of Mumbai (Bombay) and the seat of the Archbishop of Bombay and headquarters of the Archdiocese of Bombay . The cathedral is located in the Colaba area in South Mumbai. The residence of the Archbishop is located adjacent to the Cathedral.

This Cathedral was built to replace the older Cathedral which was located in the Bhuleshwar area of the city, where there are few resident Christians. That site was sold off, and the former parochial church of the Holy Name in Colaba was elevated as the Pro-Cathedral.

The site of this church is very close to the site of the former Portuguese Church of Our Lady of Hope, or Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, that was confiscated by the English from the Padroado party and handed over to the Propaganda party's Vicar Apostolic Athanasius Hartmann. The Esperanca Church was demolished by the Propagandists soon after, and in its place the present Esperanca Building, also called the Eucharistic Congress Building, behind the Holy Name Cathedral, was built to house the delegates to the 38th International Eucharistic Congress in the 1960s.

It is known for its frescoes, pipe organ, a large gold embroidered stole gifted by Pope John XXIII, and another by Pope Pius XII containing the red hat given to Cardinal Valerian Gracias, and a bell gifted by Pope Paul VI during the 38th International Eucharistic Congress held in Mumbai in 1964.

It is one of the two more known cathedrals in the city, the other being the older, Anglican, Cathedral of St. Thomas the Apostle. Other Cathedrals in the city include those of the Jacobites and the Syro-Malankara Rite,

In addition, there were at least two other buildings which, while not strictly Cathedrals, were popularly styled as being Pro-Cathedrals of the Padroado party Bishop of Daman, who resided normally at the Portuguese government-owned Blessed Sacrament Chapel in Middle Colaba — St. Francis Xavier Church in Dabul and the Church of Our Lady of Glory (Nossa Senhora da Gloria) or Gloria Church in Byculla.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

  

The Cathedral of the Holy Name is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the Indian city of Mumbai (Bombay) and the seat of the Archbishop of Bombay and headquarters of the Archdiocese of Bombay . The cathedral is located in the Colaba area in South Mumbai. The residence of the Archbishop is located adjacent to the Cathedral.

This Cathedral was built to replace the older Cathedral which was located in the Bhuleshwar area of the city, where there are few resident Christians. That site was sold off, and the former parochial church of the Holy Name in Colaba was elevated as the Pro-Cathedral.

The site of this church is very close to the site of the former Portuguese Church of Our Lady of Hope, or Nossa Senhora da Esperanca, that was confiscated by the English from the Padroado party and handed over to the Propaganda party's Vicar Apostolic Athanasius Hartmann. The Esperanca Church was demolished by the Propagandists soon after, and in its place the present Esperanca Building, also called the Eucharistic Congress Building, behind the Holy Name Cathedral, was built to house the delegates to the 38th International Eucharistic Congress in the 1960s.

It is known for its frescoes, pipe organ, a large gold embroidered stole gifted by Pope John XXIII, and another by Pope Pius XII containing the red hat given to Cardinal Valerian Gracias, and a bell gifted by Pope Paul VI during the 38th International Eucharistic Congress held in Mumbai in 1964.

It is one of the two more known cathedrals in the city, the other being the older, Anglican, Cathedral of St. Thomas the Apostle. Other Cathedrals in the city include those of the Jacobites and the Syro-Malankara Rite,

In addition, there were at least two other buildings which, while not strictly Cathedrals, were popularly styled as being Pro-Cathedrals of the Padroado party Bishop of Daman, who resided normally at the Portuguese government-owned Blessed Sacrament Chapel in Middle Colaba — St. Francis Xavier Church in Dabul and the Church of Our Lady of Glory (Nossa Senhora da Gloria) or Gloria Church in Byculla.

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Now I am not a political activist , I dont belong to any particular party, I am an Indian a Mumbaikar should suffice , what I am ,is what this beautiful city has made me .. I was bought to Mumbai when I was an year old my family stayed in the slums of Kurla almost 56 years back till my Dad moved to upmarket Wodehouse Road as a tenant of Nawab Kashmiri the only actor who removed his 32 teeth for a film called Yahudi.. He was a contemporary of Dilip Kumar , Jayant , Johnny Walker Mukri all football buffs ..

We moved in his spacious 2 room servants quarters at Khatau Mansions when he was already dead..

  

So what I am trying to tell you without sounding biographical is that the slums is also the soul of Mumbai.. It makes and breaks the government of the day..I agree that the poor and the minority are being appeased not just by the Congress party but the opposition and the Independent too..

 

Not that any change has come to their life.. they are still there changing loyalties cursing the politician who once they put garland on Independence Day..This is the vote bank..this is where the cookie crumbles..

 

The slums are the need of a politicians path to success , he needs them as they need him , all his sidekicks cronies bhais come from a slum like this..this is my observation ..

 

Now at Bandra where I stay it is unique trilateral situation Baba Siddiki the Congress I sitting MLA with a grass root support base of poor Muslims and others Baba Siddiki knows every resident in the slums by name , against Advocate Ashish Shelar a good man representing BJP /Shive Sena combine .

The spoke in the wheel that will divide the Muslim votes is Independent Rahebar Khan with a great following in his area Bandra Bazar Road , he has done a lot of good work as a Corporator , Bandra Bazar for the first time in its history did not flood as Raja Bhai

or Rahebar is known by his followers ..

 

The opposition of course is happy with Rahebar's presence as it gives them a cutting edge..with due respect to exit pols and election astrologers and pandits.

 

The other two candidates I dont know ..but these three I know personally having interacted with them from time to time..

 

One thing is true the best man will win..but than Luck too plays a great hand in this political game of Chance..the gamblers are having a field day..of course their favorite is twice winner Baba Siddiki..

 

So wait and watch...I have yet to get my Voter Card ..

  

wretched

hungry sick

under nourished

waiting for the

real jesus and

not the priest

to get them back

on their feet

the dirt the grime

the filth the stench

fetid surroundings

humidity and heat

come monsoon

heavy showers

drenched to the bone

in utter defeat

a plastic covering for

their emaciated bodies

serves as winding sheet

the cubans will finally

celebrate good Friday

a christan thought

a papal legacy complete

while the priest sits with his bowl

of porridge in the sacristy

the beggar has nothing to eat

no mother Theresa

no living saint ..

a poem on stilts

barefeet ..

truth bitter and sweet

fucked fate the beggar

could avoid but never cheat

To make my journey

memorable on earth

the river of life flows

some say it as a poem

some say it as prose

Keith Kanga

Vimal Patacharige

Rayomand Framroze

as my best friends

God chose

all of Wodehouse road

jony castle cuffe parade

fu fu granny

with her raised eyebrows

jeovhahs witness

bible sessions

that made us all doze

remnants of memories

beautifully transposed

doors that open and shut

seldom ever close

the upside down world

of a blogger firoze

sartorial soliloquy

jewelry and clothes

a loaf of bread

a glass of wine

a facebook wall

loneliness enclosed

 

*glass of wine is metaphor for black suliemani chilya tea

 

84,916 items / 501,557 views

Mohomed Shakir

Shamim Shakir

 

Migrants from Lucknow

 

Lived at the Kurla slums..

 

My dad worked for N Swami Rao Colaba

Along with Mohomed Bhai his best friend.

Mohomed Bhai ended up owning Fitwell Hampton Court Colaba.

 

My father moved from the Kurla slums as a tenant at Khatau Bhuvan WodehouseRoad .

The owners family were from the royal houuse of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah.

Their late father was late Nawab Kashmiri veteran actor of Indian cinema and contemporary of Sohrab Modi Dilip Sab Jayant Mukri others all hardcore football Rovers fans.

 

From. Wodehouse road our new landlord sent us for a few months to Neelam Breach Candy and finally my dad got a house of his own at 3 Mohini Mansions Stand Cinema.

 

My dad died in 96

My mom died in 98

 

Buried in Mumbai soil at Shia cemetery Rehmatabad Mazgaom.

 

They made us what we are today.

My brothers

Shakil Shakir

Zahir Shakir

Fred Shakir

 

My sisters

Najma Saher

Farzana Suri

Rehana Mohammed Shakir

  

   

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My childhood friend , my Shradanjali to him at Flickr ..

178,482 items / 1,397,685 views

 

My childhood friend , my Shradanjali to him at Flickr ..

Two film personalities I know since my #WodehouseRoad childhood days was Mr #PremChopra sab and Mr #Jeetendra both stayed at Usha Sadan during their struggling days. I have been styling costumes of Prem sab.

 

t.co/S5yAAfjGN9

 

#bollywood

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you might not believe but beggars that sit outside this church were in real sad state , and silently begged with their eyes,for them everyone that passed they thought he was jesus christ...they were holding to their lives precariously perched on a precipice...a single mouthful of cheese far too many mice ..watching them bemusedly on the other end with open hands a deviously diabolic lord of the flies..

 

and i am sure god sat with them he has abdicated his opulent home in the skies .. for him verily it mans earth his paradise..

 

i owe this poem that i just written now to denise boyd .. google pluskin

she said I love this photo and the words...well, they almost make me cry!

   

This is my new poem inspired by the words of Denise Boyd..I did give a large sum of money to the beggars outside the Church, and it was a involuntary reflex action, and it was so sudden that it took my friend Anil Shejale who was with me by surprise

My childhood friend , my Shradanjali to him at Flickr ..

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227,922 items / 1,907,169 views

227,922 items / 1,907,169 views