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The gastraphetes (Ancient Greek γαστραφέτης, lit. 'belly-bow') was a handheld crossbow, used by ancient Greeks. It was described in the first century AD by the Greek author Heron of Alexandria in his work Belopoeica (Ancient Greek Βελοποιικά, 'on catapult-making'). It is believed to have been invented around 400 BC.(Landels, 1978, p. 99-100)
The weapon was powered by a composite bow. It was cocked by resting the stomach in a concavity at the rear of the stock and pressing down with all strength. In this way considerably more energy can be summoned up than by using only one arm of the archer as in the hand-bow.
There are no attestations through pictures or archaeological finds, but the description by Heron is detailed enough to have allowed modern reconstructions to be made.
A larger version of the gastraphetes were the oxybeles, which were used in siege warfare. These were later supplanted by the early ballistae that later also developed into smaller versions supplanting also the gastraphetes.
[edit] In modern culture
Gastraphetes appears in the Square Enix tactical RPG Final Fantasy Tactics. It is mistranslated as Gastrafitis and is the strongest crossbow in the game. It appears in Final Fantasy XII for PS2 once again as the strongest crossbow.
In Microsoft's Age of Mythology, Gastraphetes appear as a unit trainable only by Hades. They wield a crossbow and are very powerful, having few weaknesses.
A Gastraphetes also appears in the MMORPG Lineage 2. However, it is not a crossbow in the game. [from wikipedia].
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Criei um blog para falar um pouco mais sobre meus ensaios, acesse! livingonthestateofdreaming.blogspot.com.br/
I've created a blog to talk more about my shoots, check out! livingonthestateofdreaming.blogspot.com.br/
For those who also follow me on instagram, a big thank you for getting me to 500 followers over the past 3 months (thats almost the equivalent of 2 and a half years on flickr!).
Something alot of people particularly like about my 'artwork inspired' series, is the elemental weapons and accessories the figures have. So what better way to celebrate than two specific photoshoots to display them!
All the painted parts are made from thin plastic sheets, (the type you find on action figure boxes). All are hand painted which is really where my art skills help this. I intend to make more in this style, maybe a couple of other sabers too. The 'Enix' Vader's 'force flames' and Fett's 'thruster flames' are currently being made/non removable.
If there are any particular objects or weapons you'd like to see made in the style above, send me a message or leave a link to an image bellow, and it's likely they will be made!
Also nearing 700 followers on here, so would like to say another big thank you to you guys!
Upon 800 followers, I'll be hosting a contest where ( probably artwork/sculpture inspired figures #artyfarty) where first place wins either a Desert Nomad Obi-wan or another artwork inspired commission. And yes, I will do that rare thing of shipping world wide from the UK.
As always guys, let me know what you think and if you have any other ideas/suggestions that you want to see made.
I currently have 'wibbly wobbly timey wimey' schedule, but I may fit in one or two more things over this holiday.
If your still reading this far, then good on you! XD
p.s any design work/competition prize winners, I havn't forgotten about you!
“Several officials even suggested that Mr. Biden could return nuclear weapons to Ukraine that were taken from it after the fall of the Soviet Union. That would be an instant and enormous deterrent. But such a step would be complicated and have serious implications.”– New York Times
Ecclesiastes 9:18 “Wisdom is better than weapons of war: but one sinner destroyeth much good.”
Freaks, weirdos and others with nothing to share get blocked and deleted, you probably smell of wee as well
I Stand for Peace
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The White Canvas Gallery presents an open challenge to enable you to stand united for peace. Lets disown the mindless violence around us and lets DO something about it as artists.
Rules of the challenge (go to this link): www.flickr.com/photos/goodcross/28068142260/in/dateposted/
"Silence is the ultimate weapon of power." Charles de Gaulle.
"El silencio es la última arma del poder." Charles de Gaulle.
Proyecto Teleidoscope: 14/52: Power / Poder
My dust buster.
Friday is cleaning day and one of my jobs is vacuuming. I used to look forward to Fridays before I had cleaning duties! Life is easier with my brightly coloured carpet cleaner.
#69 of 116 pictures in 2016 - Cleaning Implement
Had some cool combos for a Star Wars episode II-III era inspired crew. The Rodian head couldn't fit that armor piece more perfectly, it even has a little notch in the back for the head ridges.
The droid is a IG series model retrofitted with hydraulic lift arms to move their cargo around.
Left to right we have the energy-based specialist, IG-81 "Iggy", the captain/mission coordinator, the jump trooper, and the scout.
Due to the extreme terrain on continent F, a normal train simple will not do. So the Penguin Monarchy has developed the Conveyex Rail Weapon to satisfy the need for fast and efficient transport across the mountains. A minimum train payload includes six distinct cars that each serve a vital function.
Top row, right to left:
1. Engine:
The engine of the Conveyex doubles as the command bridge and houses the controls for a vehicle. The engine car also includes an anti-aircraft cannon to support the main weapon.
2. Weapon Car:
The weapon car supports the missile launcher and as loaded with heat-seeking torpedoes. The main weapon has a 360 degree radius and is loaded by an automatic magnetic crane.
3. Ammunition Car
The ammunition car carries a payload of heat-seeking torpedoes to be loaded into the main weapon.
Bottom row, right to left:
4. Support Car
The support Car is used in conjunction with the main weapon and is able to fire on any enemy positions ahead of the Conveyex. This car shares part of the engine housing with the engine car and cannot be separated from it.
5. Tanker Car:
The tanker car is used to transfer the precious resource of oil across the continent to fuel the penguin's war machine. Four tanks are housed in each tanker car.
6. Crew Car:
The crew car is essential for being a relaxing environment for the crew of the Conveyex. The crew car features a row of windows, and a hatch on each side if the crew should need to walk outside on the Conveyex.
Platforms are situated along the track to update the pilot on the condition of the track and indicate other essential information.
This was a very tricky but worthwhile build to make and I got a huge amount of inspiration from this concept art from Solo: A Star Wars Story: www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.starwar...
Tchaikovsky's Weapon
O, those Europeans--
in the future their descendants
will be intimate with wild animals
and again
ashamed of what they have done
Tchaikovsky's music
is unbeatable
Tchaikovsky's music
will defeat all of them
Strobist Info: A single Canon 430 EXII camera left through a Cowboy Studio umbrella, triggered with Phottix Odin.
A female bordered mantis (I think Stagmomantis limbata) grooming. This is the time of year we find adults in our yard. In this species, the females don't fly (although they have wings, they're not big enough to get them airborne), so if I spot one I can usually find it again. They are usually either green or brown, but sometimes have markings that are pink or even purple. Photographed on a black background then released where found -- in the garden right outside my front door.
XX327 '327' Hawk T.1A on approach for RAF Lossiemouth, Moray, August 1989. Scanned from a Kodachrome 64 slide.
I've been to München to go carspotting. In the beginning there were some awesome cars like a chromed Audi R8 or a black Audi R8 GT or the new Ferrari FF, but the highlight was something else, coming soon. One nice car on that day was this Ferrari 430 Scuderia. The owner asked me to leave my Mail-adress at his car, so I wrote it on a paper and clamped it on the wiper, you can see it in this shot. He's also go this car: www.flickr.com/photos/frankenspotter/6002589426/
Nice owner, hope to see him oftener!
What do you think about the angle and the editing? Do you like this shot?
Maximilianstraße. 03.09.2011