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This medieval manuscripwritten in Scotland and used by the monastic community of Sweetheart Abbey, a few miles south of Dumfries, in the later Middle Ages. Sweetheart Abbey was a Cistercian monastery founded in circa 1273 by Dervorgilla de Balliol, mother of the Scottish king John Balliol. The first leaf of the manuscript bears a large inscription in a medieval hand: 'Liber sanctae Mariae de dulci corde [a book of St. Mary of Sweetheart]'. Only four other manuscripts survive from the library of this monastery, bearing similar inscriptions, but none of these volumes was apparently written in Scotland.
The Sweetheart Abbey Breviary is in small format and, although comparatively modest in decoration, is a very attractive volume. It was written in a clear textualis hand with rubrication, decorated initials and large flourishes in blue and red. The pages are in uncommonly good, clean condition, and although it was re-bound in the 18th century, there is minimal evidence of cropping. It includes a calendar whose considerable proportion of Scottish saints confirms its Scottish locality; a rubric in the vernacular adds to its interest. The Cistercian elements in the liturgy are also in keeping with its origins and use at Sweetheart Abbey.
The Breviary's significance and its value for research can hardly be overestimated. It is argued that about one per cent of all Scottish medieval liturgical manuscripts survived the So Called "Reformation" (western iconoclasm).. This is based on the overall number of texts which the clergy and monastic order of medieval Scotland would have needed to celebrate Mass and to recite and sing the liturgical hours. Many of these exist as fragments only. The Sweetheart Breviary, a substantial work of 200 vellum leaves, contains the text for around half of the liturgical year.
digital.nls.uk/early-manuscripts/browse/archive/235163105...
Lincoln Cathedral is the Mother Church of the Diocese, the parish church of the County, a place of national heritage and a centre of international pilgrimage. It provides a space for God, a place for worship, praise and private prayer.
The Cathedral dates from 1072 when William the Conqueror instructed that the bishopric of this, then the largest diocese in England (covering the lands between the river Thames and the Humber), be moved from Dorchester, near Oxford, to Lincoln. The first Norman Bishop of Lincoln, Remigius, had previously been a Benedictine monk and a loyal supporter of William at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
Alexander "the Magnificent" (Bishop 1123-48) managed to partially restore the Norman Cathedral after a fire in around 1141. His contributions include commissioning the famous 12th century Romanesque frieze on the West Front.
In 1185 an earthquake caused structural damage that was repaired by St Hugh (Bishop 1186-1200) from 1192 onwards. In 1255 Henry III approved a petition by the Dean and Chapter to take down part of the Roman city wall to extend the Cathedral. This new Angel Choir was consecrated in 1280 and became an important centre for pilgrimage until the Reformation.
In the 14th Century the central tower and those of the West end were heightened, and all had spires until 1549 when that of the central tower blew down. With this spire Lincoln Cathedral had reputedly been the tallest building in the world, at 525 feet being 3 foot higher than the great pyramid! The weight of the remaining towers and their spires caused them to lean, until about 1730 when the architect James Gibb created a Narthex at the West end, whose cross walls strengthened their support. The spires were though eventually removed in 1807 for safety reasons, at which point the final form of the Cathedral that is still with us now was at last reached.
On a technical note this is a composited image from my canon Eos m100 using Panorama Sticker (Mac app store).
Stir-fry vegetables in low-sodium broth: Broccoli florets, riced cauliflower, zucchini, bok choy, broccoli slaw, carrots, 4-5 garlic cloves, chopped shallot, yellow onion, green onions, mushrooms, baby spinach, green beans, vermicelli noodles, roasted sesame seeds, garlic sauce, fresh ground black pepper, sriracha