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Here is an annotated image of Markarian’s Chain, the core of the Virgo SuperCluster of galaxies. There are 15 different galaxies captured in this image. The annotations present the name and brightness magnitude of each.
Two main groups of galaxies have special names – the top group consisting of M84, M86, NGC 4387,and NGC 4388 are known as “The Face” because they form the eyes, nose and mouth of a smiling face.
NGC 4435 and NGC 4438 are known as the “The Eyes” because they are inclined at the same angle with respect to each other and have been likened to a pair of eyes in the darkness.
Image Information:
Canon 60D with a Canon 100-400mm “L” lens, zoomed to 400mm @ F/5.6. 25 subframes of 180 seconds each for a total exposure of 75 minutes. Captured in Nebulosity, processed in StarTools, and finished and annotated in PhotoShop.
This new Hubble image shows galaxy cluster Abell 1689. It combines both visible and infrared data from Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) with a combined exposure time of over 34 hours (image on left over 13 hours, image on right over 20 hours) to reveal this patch of sky in greater and striking detail than in previous observations. This image is peppered with glowing golden clumps, bright stars, and distant, ethereal spiral galaxies. Material from some of these galaxies is being stripped away, giving the impression that the galaxy is dripping, or bleeding, into the surrounding space. Also visible are a number of electric blue streaks, circling and arcing around the fuzzy galaxies in the centre. These streaks are the telltale signs of a cosmic phenomenon known as gravitational lensing. Abell 1689 is so massive that it bends and warps the space around it, affecting how light from objects behind the cluster travels through space. These streaks are the distorted forms of galaxies that lie behind the cluster.
Another 1st attempt to a deep-space object: the Virgo cluster. A beautiful example of the power of gravitational attraction. Planets orbit stars, and stars are part of galaxies. But even galaxies come together into groups. One of the larger structures in the Universe are galaxy clusters; collections of thousands of galaxies. Our Milky Way is no exception. We’re an outlier of a much larger structure known as the Virgo Supercluster. It has roughly 1500 galaxies (although 90% are dwarf galaxies). This image was taken in a hurry with less than one hour before moonrise; still one can see easily more than 20 galaxies.
Otru primer intentu a un oxetu de l’espaciu-fonderu: el Cluster de Virgo. Un exemplu guapísimu del poderíu de la fuerza gravitatoria. Los planetes xiren alredor d’estrelles, y les estrelles tan en galaxies. Pero inda les galaxies formen xarabales, apegaes pola gravedá. Una de les mayores estructures nel Universu son los clusters de galaxies. La nuestra Via Lactea nun ye una esceición. Somos un miembru apartáu d’una estructura mayor conocía como’l Supercluster de Virgo que tien unes 1500 (anque'l 90% son enanes). Esta imaxe sacóse a la carrera, con menos d’una hora pa que saliera la lluna; entá pueden vese fácilmente más de 20 galaxies.
Total exposure 27 minutes (3x9 light + 4 dark frames stacked with DSS and processed on Adobe PS CS5, denoised with Topaz plugin). This image is a crop of a photo taken with a 400mm telephoto lens mounted on a Canon 5D mkII. Aperture 5.6 and ISO 3200. Tracked with Astrotrac.
Includes:
M 84, M 86, M 87, M 88
NGC 4374, NGC 4388, NGC 4402, NGC 4406, NGC 4425, NGC 4435, NGC 4438, NGC 4452, NGC 4459, NGC 4461, NGC 4473, NGC 4477, NGC 4486, NGC 4501
Imaged on the 18th of March 2024 with the Dalrada scope at the Astronomical Society of Edinburgh's remote telescope facility in Trevinca, Spain.
TS-Optics 94 mm f/4.4 (with reducer) Triplet Apo Refractor.
TS-Optics ToupTek Colour Astro Camera 2600CP.
JTW mount.
Exposure 7500s.
Stack by the ASERO team.
Processed with Siril & Gimp.
This is a portion of Virgo galaxy cluster, taken with this low cost imaging setup minus guiding (total cost around $300):
intervalometer.appspot.com/site/BudgetAP.html
Camera was Pentax K-X driven by intervalometer from:
intervalometer.appspot.com/site/index.html
Total integration time was around 2 minutes with exposures of 30 seconds.
This was taken from beach house on Holden Beach, NC in April 2010
As promised, a second upload of the Virgo Cluster, this time with labels attached to some of the brighter galaxies. Blowing up the original image can reveal more that I haven't labelled yet.
Part of the virgo cluster taken with my little GT81 APO and represents about an hour of exposure time
Virgo Cluster, Ink Drop; 05450_09 WFPC2 F675W/F439W (color) Q1218+1734
color_cutout_hst_05450_09_wfpc2_f675w_f439w_wf_sci
hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/display?image=hst_05450_09_wfpc2_f6...(color)%20Q1218%2B1734
Orion 150 f/12 Mak, Celestron AVX, Nikon D750. 50 x 47.8" at ISO 800. Total exposure = 40'. Dark, Bias and Flat frames. Bortle 6. Nice clear skies before moonrise. Stacked in DSS and adjusted in PS. Not really enough exposure as I would have liked due to the tracking so the noise came in pretty quickly during stretching.
I always had a little smile and a chuckle while processing this picture. It's the little things in life that make it fun. It just amazed me how much this group of galaxies looked so much like a face.
The Galactic Face in the Virgo Cluster is approximately 65 million light years away and make up part of the Virgo Cluster or the Markarian's Chain of galaxies, in the constellation, where else, Virgo. This particular photo contains numerous galaxies to create "the face," most notably Messier 86, M86, and Messier 84, M84, comprising the "eyes," NGC 4487, the "nose," NGC 4388, the "mouth," and NGC 4402, the top left "eyebrow."
Virgo Cluster in Red; 9401_08 ACS/WFC F850LP/F475W (color) VCC1535
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hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/display?image=HST_9401_08_ACS_WFC_F...(color)%20VCC1535
Taken with the SV90TBV and with the canon 40D
ISO 3200 for 3 mins each frame.
31 light frames and 15 dark frames
Markarian's Chain is a stretch of galaxies that forms part of the Virgo Cluster. It's called a "chain" because, when viewed from Earth, the galaxies lie along a smoothly curved line. It was named after the Armenian astrophysicist, B. E. Markarian, who discovered their common motion in the early 1960s[1]. Member galaxies include M84 (NGC 4374), M86 (NGC 4406), NGC 4477, NGC 4473, NGC 4461, NGC 4458, NGC 4438 and NGC 4435. It's located at RA 12h 27m and Dec +13° 10′.
At least seven galaxies in the chain appear to move coherently, although others appear to be superposed by chance.[2]
Markarian's Chain is a relatively bright pattern of galaxies that reside within the Virgo galaxy cluster, one of the closest galaxy cluster to our own local group. The Virgo cluster is about 54 million light years away, or about 25 times further away than Andromeda.
The large galaxy to the lower left is Messier 87, which is a giant elliptical galaxy. Although it has roughly the same diameter as the Milky Way, it is estimated to have 200 times its mass. At the centre of M87 is a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 3.5 billion times the mass of the sun. The black hole produces a relativistic jet that is pointed almost directly towards Earth, and therefore appears blue to us due to Doppler shift. It is suspected that an equally powerful jet extends in the opposite direction but that it has become invisible due to relativistic beaming.
This image was created from 23 180-second exposures.
This is part of the Virgo cluster of galaxies. NGC 4388, 4413, and 4425 are situated just south of the bright chain that includes M84 and M86, and just northeast of the center of the cluster, M87. This is my first attempt at a mosaic. Apparently, I need to do a better job matching exposures. The three bright galaxies and several fainter ones are visible.
La galaxie NGC 4535 (en haut du champ) est surnommée "galaxie perdue" ; dans ce petit bout du superamas de la Vierge cette spirale (barrée ?) a une trop faible brillance de surface pour être observée à l'oculaire pour la plupart des amateurs, mais ressort en photo, d'où son surnom. Enfin, là elle ressort à peine : turbulence, monture pas stable, pollution lumineuse... bof quoi. Au centre, un peu plus brillante, la lenticulaire (?) NGC 4526 ; au bord gauche, NGC 4570, et quelques autres plus petites sont présentes et à peine visibles.
un peu plus de 20 minutes de pause cumulée quand même à l'EOS 700D au foyer d'un Newton 150/750, par tranches de 10s. DSS et GIMP ensuite (mais un peu à la truelle).
Edited Hubble Space Telescope image of the elliptical galaxy NGC 4660 in the Virgo Cluster.
Original caption: Virgo cluster galaxy NGC 4660, na elliptical located about 50 million light-years from Earth. Hubble's "eye" is so sharp that it was able to pick out the fuzzy globular clusters, which, at that distance, look like individual stars bunched up around the galaxies, instead of groupings of stars.
The Markarian's Chain region of the Virgo cluster. Apparently lots of people like to take pictures of this... Like all my shots, this could certainly benefit from more time on (like 2-3 times as much perhaps), but that'll come another night. I mainly wanted to check that focus and coma were dealt with.
20 images @ 300s each. ISO800
Canon 450d
AT6IN imaging Newtonian
NGC 4535 and NGC 4526 two galaxies in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4535 (top) is a barred spiral galaxy located some 54 million light years from Earth, and NGC 4526, also listed as NGC 4560, (bottom) is a lenticular galaxy with an embedded dusty disc, located approximately 55 million light years away.
12/05/2024
011 x 300-second exposures at Unity Gain (139) cooled to -10°C
055 x dark frames
030 x flat frames
100 x bias/offset frames
Binning 1x1
Total integration time = 55 minutes
Captured with APT
Guided with PHD2
Processed in Nebulosity and Photoshop
Astrometry assistance from Astrometry.net
Equipment
Telescope: Sky-Watcher Explorer-150PDS
Mount: Skywatcher EQ5
Guide Scope: Orion 50mm Mini
Guiding Camera: ZWO ASI120MC
Imaging Camera: ZWO ASI1600MC Pro
Baader Mark-III MPCC Coma Corrector
Light pollution filter
Slow progress on mostly cloudy nights. The dark nights are coming to an end soon, hopefully I get the frames needed to finish this mosaic before the four month summer break without a single minute of astronomical darkness from April 20th to August 23rd.
The acrylic ellipsoid in the foreground is a model of the Virgo supercluster of galaxies. At this scale the Haydn planetarium in the background is sized like the visible universe.
I have circled 23 galaxies in this image of the Virgo Cluster; many more faint or more distant galaxies lie below visibility in this image. Central to this image are galaxies NGC4438 (left of center) and NGC4435 (just to its right), the pair known as "The Eyes" in constellation Virgo, taken with Meade SN10 Schmidt Newtonian 1050mm FL 254mm Diam f/4 at my Sunnyvale California back yard, night of May 13 2012. A stack of 14 x 500sec exposures on an Orion Starshoot Color (V1) camera with a Baader MPCC Coma Corrector. Also using a Schneider 486 UVIR Filter. Stacked in personal software and adjusted in Adobe CS5. The pair are estimated to be 40-50 million light years away. Notable members of the "Markarian Chain" of galaxies also are present: at bottom left of center is the large M86 galaxy and to its right the edge on NGC4422. Top center we find NGC4461 and smaller to its right NGC4458. Left and below center we find NGC4425 and smaller NGC4413 in the bottom left corner. Other tiny or faint galaxies pepper this image as well.
Campo amplio del cúmulo de Galaxias en Virgo. apilado de 112x32 segs, f:105mm @ F/5.6, ISO 1600. Canon 1000D +Sigma DC 55-200, 26-01-2012.
This new Hubble image shows galaxy cluster Abell 1689. It combines both visible and infrared data from Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) with a combined exposure time of over 34 hours (image on left over 13 hours, image on right over 20 hours) to reveal this patch of sky in greater and striking detail than in previous observations. This image is peppered with glowing golden clumps, bright stars, and distant, ethereal spiral galaxies. Material from some of these galaxies is being stripped away, giving the impression that the galaxy is dripping, or bleeding, into the surrounding space. Also visible are a number of electric blue streaks, circling and arcing around the fuzzy galaxies in the centre. These streaks are the telltale signs of a cosmic phenomenon known as gravitational lensing. Abell 1689 is so massive that it bends and warps the space around it, affecting how light from objects behind the cluster travels through space. These streaks are the distorted forms of galaxies that lie behind the cluster.
It's the nearest galaxy cluster to our Milky Way galaxy, which we can see even through small telescopes. It lies approximately 50 million light years away and includes up to 2000 galaxies.
I have taken this image of the cluster last weekend from the Turnov observatory with my star tracker. I used a 135mm lens and my DSLR Canon EOS 760D. I was shooting just under two hours and this arose. In the picture, you can count almost 400 galaxies, which amazed me. There are mainly elliptical and spiral galaxies, but you can see also a few irregular galaxies.
In the first picture, you can see a crop with the center of the cluster with galaxies M84 and M86, which you can know also as Markarian's Chain. Other interesting galaxies in the next pictures are M100, M88, M91, M99, NGC 4567, and NGC 4568.
In the penultimate image, there is a full pic I have taken and in the last image, there is an annotated version generated by astrometry.net.
There is also one rare object in the pic - a supernova. It lies in the galaxy called NGC 4647 next to the M60. It's the brightest supernova in the night sky currently and it's difficultly observable also through bigger telescopes. In my post, it's in the eighth image.
Clear skies! ✌
1. the center of the galaxy cluster
2.-7. annotated images of other galaxies from this cluster
8. Current supernova 2022hrs in NGC 4647
9. full image
10. annotated full image
Canon EOS 760D, Sigma 135mm f/2.8, AstroTrac TT320
EXIF: 41x150sec, ISO 800, f/5.6 (1 hour 43 minutes in total)
Darks: 13x
Flats: 22x
Bias: 20x
Turnov Observatory, Czech Republic (Bortle 4)
23/04/2022
Virgo Cluster, Pinhole; 05477_0e WFPC2 detection (combined) M87-NUC
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hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/display?image=hst_05477_0e_wfpc2_to...(combined)%20M87-NUC
Virgo Cluster, Pupil; 05454_5a WFPC2 F555W (combined) NGC4552
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hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/display?image=hst_05454_5a_wfpc2_f5...(combined)%20NGC4552
Virgo Cluster, Shining Through; sgal_hst_wfpc2_n4535 WFPC2 F555W (hlsp) NGC4535
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M84 M86 M87 Virgo Galaxy Cluster taken with Meade SN10 Schmidt Newtonian 1050mm FL 254mm Diam f/4 at Baader MPCC Coma Corrector with Orion Starshoot Pro V1 Camera - Schneider 486 UVIR Filter. This is a region of many galaxies...hard to believe one can capture these with backyard instruments in a light polluted metropolitan area.
Location: Rijssen, the Netherlands
Telescope: Meade LDX55 8" f4 Schmidt-Newton
Mount: Losmandy G11
Guiding: PHD with ALccd 5
Camera: ALccd 6c
Exposure: 6 x 300sec
Edited European Southern Observatory image of the large galaxy M87 in the Virgo Cluster.
Original caption: The huge halo around giant elliptical galaxy Messier 87 appears on this very deep image. An excess of light in the top-right part of this halo, and the motion of planetary nebulae in the galaxy, are the last remaining signs of a medium-sized galaxy that recently collided with Messier 87. The image also reveals many other galaxies forming the Virgo Cluster, of which Messier 87 is the largest member. In particular, the two galaxies at the top right of the frame are nicknamed "the Eyes".
9987_03 ACS/HRC F606W (combined) HD-107146
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hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/display?image=HST_9987_03_ACS_HRC_F...(combined)%20HD-107146
This is a stack of 19 3-minute exposures with a Canon XSi at ISO 1600, w/ the Canon 200mm f/2.8L lens at f/2.8.
A chain of galaxies in the Virgo contellation. Mosaic of 4 images using the SBIG monochrome CCD camera and the Canon DSLR for color.
Virgo galaxy cluster taken with 5d Mark II and 200mm 2.8L lens.
Total exposure is about 30 min from Cherry Springs, PA.
Try to count all the galaxies!
Average distance to those galaxies is more than 50 Million lights years.
appp_hst_wfpc2_sfd-pu6fibp01 WFPC2 F606W (hlsp) APPP
hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/display?image=hlsp_appp_hst_wfpc2_s...(hlsp)%20APPP
This new Hubble image shows galaxy cluster Abell 1689. It combines both visible and infrared data from Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) with a combined exposure time of over 34 hours (image on left over 13 hours, image on right over 20 hours) to reveal this patch of sky in greater and striking detail than in previous observations. This image is peppered with glowing golden clumps, bright stars, and distant, ethereal spiral galaxies. Material from some of these galaxies is being stripped away, giving the impression that the galaxy is dripping, or bleeding, into the surrounding space. Also visible are a number of electric blue streaks, circling and arcing around the fuzzy galaxies in the centre. These streaks are the telltale signs of a cosmic phenomenon known as gravitational lensing. Abell 1689 is so massive that it bends and warps the space around it, affecting how light from objects behind the cluster travels through space. These streaks are the distorted forms of galaxies that lie behind the cluster.
ngc4486 (m87) 5 240 sec exposures, inverse, taken with 61" Kuiper telescope on Mt. Bigelow 1/19/2009
The Virgo Cluster of galaxies is a popular spring observing target for amateurs with telescopes. When scanning with a telescope on approach to the Virgo Cluster, I usually start from the east, from near Delta or Epsilon Virginis. For many years, I’ve been aware of a distinctive group of four stars, which I think of as the gateway to the Virgo Cluster. Others might call it Y-shaped, but for some reason it’s always reminded me of a Mickey Mouse head—neck, head, and two enormous ears. When I see “Mickey”, I know the Virgo Cluster is near.