Secunderabad (west) metro station, Hyderabad metro rail. This station will serve Secunderabad area connecting it with Line-3 (Nagole-Shilparamam) part of Phase I. The station is located on Rezimental Bazar Main Road between Uppal bus stop and Rathifile bus terminal. Little further the line goes over Oliphanta RUB (rail under bridge) and then over 2 more railway bridges. On the opposite end it goes towards Sangeet X Roads.

Raw File: image_1 (watermark.ws).IMAG1440 (edited).14102015

Action from a surprisingly rural Windsor Park as hosts Denton West bat against Flowery Field during a crucial fourth-versus-second late season derby in Division One A of the Great Manchester League. Denton West moved up a place to third, four points behind leaders Moorside, after chalking up a 30-run victory. With three games remaining, Denton West trail second-placed Glodwick only on net run rate. The top two are promoted to the Premier Division, from which Denton West were relegated in 2018.

Professional Semila Seyibokwe wrecked Flowery Field's hopes of reaching their target. The South African pacer took 7-59 to reduce the Hyde-based visitors to 72-7. Ben Mason (39) and Kieran Lawton (20) put on 43 for the eighth wicket. Lawton, to a rather soft catch, was the last man out as Flowery Field fell short. Alex Dolly contributed 20. Earlier, Denton West, opting to bat, slipped to 11-2 as pacer Mike Finan (3-49) struck early blows. Ebrahim Ginwalla (43) and Aaqib Uppal (33) advanced the score to 92 before the third wicket tumbled. The hosts wobbled again, losing four wickets for the addition of just 15 runs, before a strong finish, with Ben Lowndes (19) prominent, enabled them to post a decent total. Mike Burns finished with 4-38 and South African professional Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20. Twins Jordan (Denton West) and Jamie (Flowery Field) Williams were on opposite sides. Jamie took a smart catch to dismiss his sibling for 10. Jordan is an England Disability international.

Cricket has been played at Windsor Park since 1880, when Reddish Cricket Club were formed. They merged in 1935 with Gorton Cricket Club (founded in 1848) to form Denton West Cricket Club. Gorton's ground was sold for redevelopment. Denton West's most famous product is former England and Lancashire pace bowler Brian Statham. As a teenager, Statham played for Denton West during the 1947 and 1948 seasons. Statham's widow later presented Denton West with one of her late husband's England caps.

Match statistics

Denton West versus Flowery Field

Greater Manchester League, Division One A (50 over match, 12.30pm start)

Admission: free. Programme: none. Attendance: 115. Denton West won the toss and elected to bat. Denton West 180 off 47.4 overs (Ebrahim Ginwalla 43, Aaqib Uppal 33, Mike Burns 4-38, Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20, Mike Finan 3-49) 5pts beat by 30 runs Flowery Field 150 off 47.2 overs (Semila Seyibokwe 7-59, Ben Mason 30, Alex Dolly 20, Kieran Lawton 20) 0pts.

well to be honest.. P'Jay Clicked but heavy PS work done here ! :-)

Occupants of the clubhouse paddock at Windsor Park as hosts Denton West take on Flowery Field in a crucial fourth-versus-second late season derby in Division One A of the Great Manchester League. Denton West moved up a place to third, four points behind leaders Moorside, after chalking up a 30-run victory. With three games remaining, Denton West trail second-placed Glodwick only on net run rate. The top two are promoted to the Premier Division, from which Denton West were relegated in 2018.

Professional Semila Seyibokwe wrecked Flowery Field's hopes of reaching their target. The South African pacer took 7-59 to reduce the Hyde-based visitors to 72-7. Ben Mason (39) and Kieran Lawton (20) put on 43 for the eighth wicket. Lawton, to a rather soft catch, was the last man out as Flowery Field fell short. Alex Dolly contributed 20. Earlier, Denton West, opting to bat, slipped to 11-2 as pacer Mike Finan (3-49) struck early blows. Ebrahim Ginwalla (43) and Aaqib Uppal (33) advanced the score to 92 before the third wicket tumbled. The hosts wobbled again, losing four wickets for the addition of just 15 runs, before a strong finish, with Ben Lowndes (19) prominent, enabled them to post a decent total. Mike Burns finished with 4-38 and South African professional Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20. Twins Jordan (Denton West) and Jamie (Flowery Field) Williams were on opposite sides. Jamie took a smart catch to dismiss his sibling for 10. Jordan is an England Disability international.

Cricket has been played at Windsor Park since 1880, when Reddish Cricket Club were formed. They merged in 1935 with Gorton Cricket Club (founded in 1848) to form Denton West Cricket Club. Gorton's ground was sold for redevelopment. Denton West's most famous product is former England and Lancashire pace bowler Brian Statham. As a teenager, Statham played for Denton West during the 1947 and 1948 seasons. Statham's widow later presented Denton West with one of her late husband's England caps.

Match statistics

Denton West versus Flowery Field

Greater Manchester League, Division One A (50 over match, 12.30pm start)

Admission: free. Programme: none. Attendance: 115. Denton West won the toss and elected to bat. Denton West 180 off 47.4 overs (Ebrahim Ginwalla 43, Aaqib Uppal 33, Mike Burns 4-38, Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20, Mike Finan 3-49) 5pts beat by 30 runs Flowery Field 150 off 47.2 overs (Semila Seyibokwe 7-59, Ben Mason 30, Alex Dolly 20, Kieran Lawton 20) 0pts.

The low slung, brick clubhouse at a surprisingly rural Windsor Park as hosts Denton West take on Flowery Field in a crucial fourth-versus-second late season derby in Division One A of the Great Manchester League. Denton West moved up a place to third, four points behind leaders Moorside, after chalking up a 30-run victory. With three games remaining, Denton West trail second-placed Glodwick only on net run rate. The top two are promoted to the Premier Division, from which Denton West were relegated in 2018.

Professional Semila Seyibokwe wrecked Flowery Field's hopes of reaching their target. The South African pacer took 7-59 to reduce the Hyde-based visitors to 72-7. Ben Mason (39) and Kieran Lawton (20) put on 43 for the eighth wicket. Lawton, to a rather soft catch, was the last man out as Flowery Field fell short. Alex Dolly contributed 20. Earlier, Denton West, opting to bat, slipped to 11-2 as pacer Mike Finan (3-49) struck early blows. Ebrahim Ginwalla (43) and Aaqib Uppal (33) advanced the score to 92 before the third wicket tumbled. The hosts wobbled again, losing four wickets for the addition of just 15 runs, before a strong finish, with Ben Lowndes (19) prominent, enabled them to post a decent total. Mike Burns finished with 4-38 and South African professional Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20. Twins Jordan (Denton West) and Jamie (Flowery Field) Williams were on opposite sides. Jamie took a smart catch to dismiss his sibling for 10. Jordan is an England Disability international.

Cricket has been played at Windsor Park since 1880, when Reddish Cricket Club were formed. They merged in 1935 with Gorton Cricket Club (founded in 1848) to form Denton West Cricket Club. Gorton's ground was sold for redevelopment. Denton West's most famous product is former England and Lancashire pace bowler Brian Statham. As a teenager, Statham played for Denton West during the 1947 and 1948 seasons. Statham's widow later presented Denton West with one of her late husband's England caps.

Match statistics

Denton West versus Flowery Field

Greater Manchester League, Division One A (50 over match, 12.30pm start)

Admission: free. Programme: none. Attendance: 115. Denton West won the toss and elected to bat. Denton West 180 off 47.4 overs (Ebrahim Ginwalla 43, Aaqib Uppal 33, Mike Burns 4-38, Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20, Mike Finan 3-49) 5pts beat by 30 runs Flowery Field 150 off 47.2 overs (Semila Seyibokwe 7-59, Ben Mason 30, Alex Dolly 20, Kieran Lawton 20) 0pts.

From left, Sophia Uppal and Liana Zhou, both students at Skyline High School in Ann Arbor, look over the directions for assembling the SunRISE Ground Radio Lab kit at the M-Air outdoor lab on the North Campus of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor on Wednesday afternoon, May 17, 2023.

SunRISE Ground Radio Lab (GRL) is a science, technology, engineering, arts and math (STEAM) radio science campaign, sponsored by NASA, in which high schools across the United States are participating in collaboration with the University of Michigan College of Engineering and NASA’s Sun Radio Interferometer Space Experiment (SunRISE) mission. Building upon the Radio JOVE Project, the SunRISE GRL engages citizen science using a multi-frequency radio telescope to observe radio emissions from Jupiter, the Sun, the Milky Way Galaxy, and Earth. The SunRISE mission is due to launch in 2024.

Mojtaba Akhavan-Tafti, a research faculty member in climate and space sciences and engineering (CLaSP), and his team were working directly with David Greene and the Skyline students to go through the entire assembly process of for the SunRISE GRL kit, which the UM students have designed and extensively tested. The antenna kits will be sent to various high schools from Marquette, Michigan down to Puerto Rico. The assembly was recorded and will be made available along with self-paced radio science modules to participating high schools. The reason behind this was the hope that high school students around the country would find the kit assembly doable by seeing their fellow students from Skyline in the video instructions.

Photo: Brenda Ahearn/University of Michigan, College of Engineering, Communications and Marketing

A well patronised clubhouse at Windsor Park as hosts Denton West take on Flowery Field in a crucial fourth-versus-second late season derby in Division One A of the Great Manchester League. Denton West moved up a place to third, four points behind leaders Moorside, after chalking up a 30-run victory. With three games remaining, Denton West trail second-placed Glodwick only on net run rate. The top two are promoted to the Premier Division, from which Denton West were relegated in 2018.

Professional Semila Seyibokwe wrecked Flowery Field's hopes of reaching their target. The South African pacer took 7-59 to reduce the Hyde-based visitors to 72-7. Ben Mason (39) and Kieran Lawton (20) put on 43 for the eighth wicket. Lawton, to a rather soft catch, was the last man out as Flowery Field fell short. Alex Dolly contributed 20. Earlier, Denton West, opting to bat, slipped to 11-2 as pacer Mike Finan (3-49) struck early blows. Ebrahim Ginwalla (43) and Aaqib Uppal (33) advanced the score to 92 before the third wicket tumbled. The hosts wobbled again, losing four wickets for the addition of just 15 runs, before a strong finish, with Ben Lowndes (19) prominent, enabled them to post a decent total. Mike Burns finished with 4-38 and South African professional Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20. Twins Jordan (Denton West) and Jamie (Flowery Field) Williams were on opposite sides. Jamie took a smart catch to dismiss his sibling for 10. Jordan is an England Disability international.

Cricket has been played at Windsor Park since 1880, when Reddish Cricket Club were formed. They merged in 1935 with Gorton Cricket Club (founded in 1848) to form Denton West Cricket Club. Gorton's ground was sold for redevelopment. Denton West's most famous product is former England and Lancashire pace bowler Brian Statham. As a teenager, Statham played for Denton West during the 1947 and 1948 seasons. Statham's widow later presented Denton West with one of her late husband's England caps.

Match statistics

Denton West versus Flowery Field

Greater Manchester League, Division One A (50 over match, 12.30pm start)

Admission: free. Programme: none. Attendance: 115. Denton West won the toss and elected to bat. Denton West 180 off 47.4 overs (Ebrahim Ginwalla 43, Aaqib Uppal 33, Mike Burns 4-38, Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20, Mike Finan 3-49) 5pts beat by 30 runs Flowery Field 150 off 47.2 overs (Semila Seyibokwe 7-59, Ben Mason 30, Alex Dolly 20, Kieran Lawton 20) 0pts.

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From L to R, Lindsay McCall, Fiona Mackay, Ben Wilson, Anvraj Uppal, Dorothy Monnickendam, Adam Stevenson, Liam MacLeod, Scott Wright, Callum Gwynne, Wallace Wilson and Janette Coulter

HPC Team @ Kishore Housewarming Party

Peerzadiguda,(Pirzadi Guda),

Pratap Singaram,Baccharam,etc are village in Ranga Reddy district off Uppal in Andhra Pradesh, India A halo (from Greek ἅλως; also known as a nimbus, icebow or gloriole) is an optical phenomenon produced by ice crystals creating colored or white arcs and spots in the sky. Many are near the sun or moon but others are elsewhere and even in the opposite part of the sky. They can also form around artificial lights in very cold weather when ice crystals called diamond dust are floating in the nearby air…Wikipedia

Pic © Rajesh Pamnani 2013

TSRTC Hyderabad's new Volvo 8400 City Metro Luxury Bus running in the route of 17H/10H (ECIL 'X' Roads to Kondapur) of Hyderabad Central University (HCU) depot at Uppal bus stand on St.Johns/Rezimental Bazar Main Road in Secunderabad. In the background you can see the demolition and re-construction of buildings for road widening, part of Hyderabad Metro Rail works for Stage-III (Mettuguda-Begumpet), part of Nagole-Shilparamam/Raidurg line (Line 3) in Phase-I of the project.

Raw File: image_71 (Picmarkr).IMAG8863.20122014

The scorebox corner at a surprisingly rural Windsor Park as hosts Denton West take on Flowery Field in a crucial fourth-versus-second late season derby in Division One A of the Great Manchester League. Denton West moved up a place to third, four points behind leaders Moorside, after chalking up a 30-run victory. With three games remaining, Denton West trail second-placed Glodwick only on net run rate. The top two are promoted to the Premier Division, from which Denton West were relegated in 2018.

Professional Semila Seyibokwe wrecked Flowery Field's hopes of reaching their target. The South African pacer took 7-59 to reduce the Hyde-based visitors to 72-7. Ben Mason (39) and Kieran Lawton (20) put on 43 for the eighth wicket. Lawton, to a rather soft catch, was the last man out as Flowery Field fell short. Alex Dolly contributed 20. Earlier, Denton West, opting to bat, slipped to 11-2 as pacer Mike Finan (3-49) struck early blows. Ebrahim Ginwalla (43) and Aaqib Uppal (33) advanced the score to 92 before the third wicket tumbled. The hosts wobbled again, losing four wickets for the addition of just 15 runs, before a strong finish, with Ben Lowndes (19) prominent, enabled them to post a decent total. Mike Burns finished with 4-38 and South African professional Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20. Twins Jordan (Denton West) and Jamie (Flowery Field) Williams were on opposite sides. Jamie took a smart catch to dismiss his sibling for 10. Jordan is an England Disability international.

Cricket has been played at Windsor Park since 1880, when Reddish Cricket Club were formed. They merged in 1935 with Gorton Cricket Club (founded in 1848) to form Denton West Cricket Club. Gorton's ground was sold for redevelopment. Denton West's most famous product is former England and Lancashire pace bowler Brian Statham. As a teenager, Statham played for Denton West during the 1947 and 1948 seasons. Statham's widow later presented Denton West with one of her late husband's England caps.

Match statistics

Denton West versus Flowery Field

Greater Manchester League, Division One A (50 over match, 12.30pm start)

Admission: free. Programme: none. Attendance: 115. Denton West won the toss and elected to bat. Denton West 180 off 47.4 overs (Ebrahim Ginwalla 43, Aaqib Uppal 33, Mike Burns 4-38, Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20, Mike Finan 3-49) 5pts beat by 30 runs Flowery Field 150 off 47.2 overs (Semila Seyibokwe 7-59, Ben Mason 30, Alex Dolly 20, Kieran Lawton 20) 0pts.

Action from Windsor Park as Flowery Field bat against hosts Denton West during the closing stages of a crucial fourth-versus-second late season derby in Division One A of the Great Manchester League. Denton West moved up a place to third, four points behind leaders Moorside, after chalking up a 30-run victory. With three games remaining, Denton West trail second-placed Glodwick only on net run rate. The top two are promoted to the Premier Division, from which Denton West were relegated in 2018.

Professional Semila Seyibokwe wrecked Flowery Field's hopes of reaching their target. The South African pacer took 7-59 to reduce the Hyde-based visitors to 72-7. Ben Mason (39) and Kieran Lawton (20) put on 43 for the eighth wicket. Lawton, to a rather soft catch, was the last man out as Flowery Field fell short. Alex Dolly contributed 20. Earlier, Denton West, opting to bat, slipped to 11-2 as pacer Mike Finan (3-49) struck early blows. Ebrahim Ginwalla (43) and Aaqib Uppal (33) advanced the score to 92 before the third wicket tumbled. The hosts wobbled again, losing four wickets for the addition of just 15 runs, before a strong finish, with Ben Lowndes (19) prominent, enabled them to post a decent total. Mike Burns finished with 4-38 and South African professional Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20. Twins Jordan (Denton West) and Jamie (Flowery Field) Williams were on opposite sides. Jamie took a smart catch to dismiss his sibling for 10. Jordan is an England Disability international.

Cricket has been played at Windsor Park since 1880, when Reddish Cricket Club were formed. They merged in 1935 with Gorton Cricket Club (founded in 1848) to form Denton West Cricket Club. Gorton's ground was sold for redevelopment. Denton West's most famous product is former England and Lancashire pace bowler Brian Statham. As a teenager, Statham played for Denton West during the 1947 and 1948 seasons. Statham's widow later presented Denton West with one of her late husband's England caps.

Match statistics

Denton West versus Flowery Field

Greater Manchester League, Division One A (50 over match, 12.30pm start)

Admission: free. Programme: none. Attendance: 115. Denton West won the toss and elected to bat. Denton West 180 off 47.4 overs (Ebrahim Ginwalla 43, Aaqib Uppal 33, Mike Burns 4-38, Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20, Mike Finan 3-49) 5pts beat by 30 runs Flowery Field 150 off 47.2 overs (Semila Seyibokwe 7-59, Ben Mason 30, Alex Dolly 20, Kieran Lawton 20) 0pts.

A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism, a monotheistic religion which originated during the 15th century in the Punjab region. The term "Sikh" has its origin in the Sanskrit words शिष्य (śiṣya; disciple, student) or शिक्ष (śikṣa; instruction). A Sikh is a disciple of a guru. According to Article I of the Sikh Rehat Maryada (the Sikh code of conduct), a Sikh is "any human being who faithfully believes in One Immortal Being; ten Gurus, from Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh; Guru Granth Sahib; the teachings of the ten Gurus and the baptism bequeathed by the tenth Guru". "Sikh" properly refers to adherents of Sikhism as a religion, not an ethnic group. However, because Sikhs often share strong ethno-religious ties, many countries, such as the U.K., recognize Sikh as a designated ethnicity on their censuses. The American non-profit organization United Sikhs has fought to have Sikh included on the U.S. census as well, arguing that Sikhs "self-identify as an 'ethnic minority'" and believe "that they are more than just a religion".

Male Sikhs usually have "Singh" (Lion), and female Sikhs have "Kaur" (Princess) as their middle or last name. Sikhs who have undergone the khanḍe-kī-pahul (the Sikh initiation ceremony) may also be recognized by the five Ks: uncut hair (kesh); an iron or steel bracelet (kara); a kirpan (a sword tucked into a gatra strap); kachehra, a cotton undergarment, and kanga, a small wooden comb. Baptized male Sikhs must cover their hair with a turban, which is optional for baptized female Sikhs. The greater Punjab region is the historic homeland of the Sikhs, although significant communities exist around the world.

HISTORY

Sikh political history may be said to begin with the death of the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan Dev, in 1606. Guru Nanak was a religious leader and social reformer in the 15th-century Punjab. Religious practices were formalized by Guru Gobind Singh on 30 March 1699. Singh baptized five people from a variety of social backgrounds, known as the Panj Piare (the five beloved ones) to form the Khalsa, or collective body of initiated Sikhs. Sikhism has generally had amicable relations with other religions, except for the period of Mughal rule in India (1556–1707). Several Sikh gurus were killed by the Mughals for opposing their persecution of minority religious communities including Sikhs. Sikhs subsequently militarized to oppose Mughal rule. The emergence of the Sikh Confederacy under Ranjit Singh was characterized by religious tolerance and pluralism, with Christians, Muslims and Hindus in positions of power. The confederacy is considered the zenith of political Sikhism, encompassing Kashmir, Ladakh and Peshawar. Hari Singh Nalwa, the commander-in-chief of the Sikh army in the North West Frontier, expanded the confederacy to the Khyber Pass. Its secular administration implemented military, economic and governmental reforms. The months leading up to the partition of India in 1947 were marked by conflict in the Punjab between Sikhs and Muslims. This caused the religious migration of Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus from West Punjab, mirroring a similar religious migration of Punjabi Muslims from East Punjab.

The 1960s saw growing animosity between Sikhs and Hindus in India, with the Sikhs demanding the creation of a Punjab state on a linguistic basis similar to other states in India. This was promised to Sikh leader Master Tara Singh by Jawaharlal Nehru, in return for Sikh political support during negotiations for Indian independence. Although the Sikhs obtained the Punjab, they lost Hindi-speaking areas to Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan. Chandigarh was made a union territory and the capital of Haryana and Punjab on 1 November 1966.

Tensions arose again during the late 1970s, fueled by Sikh claims of discrimination and marginalisation by the Hindu-dominated Indian National Congress party and tactics adopted by the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

According to Katherine Frank, Indira Gandhi's assumption of emergency powers in 1975 resulted in the weakening of the "legitimate and impartial machinery of government", and her increasing "paranoia" about opposing political groups led her to institute a "despotic policy of playing castes, religions and political groups against each other for political advantage". Sikh leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale articulated Sikh demands for justice, and this triggered violence in the Punjab. The prime minister's 1984 defeat of Bhindranwale led to an attack on the Golden Temple in Operation Blue Star and to her assassination by her Sikh bodyguards. Gandhi's assassination resulted in an explosion of violence against Sikh communities and the killing of thousands of Sikhs throughout India. Khushwant Singh described the riots as a Sikh pogrom; he "felt like a refugee in my country. In fact, I felt like a Jew in Nazi Germany". Since 1984, relations between Sikhs and Hindus have moved toward a rapprochement aided by economic prosperity. However, a 2002 claim by the Hindu right-wing Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) that "Sikhs are Hindus" disturbed Sikh sensibilities. The Khalistan movement campaigns for justice for the victims of the violence, and for the political and economic needs of the Punjab.

In 1996, United Nations Commission on Human Rights Freedom of Religion or Belief Special Rapporteur Abdelfattah Amor (Tunisia, 1993–2004) visited India to report on religious discrimination. The following year Amor concluded, "In India it appears that the situation of the Sikhs in the religious field is satisfactory, but that difficulties are arising in the political (foreign interference, terrorism, etc.), economic (in particular with regard to sharing of water supplies) and even occupational fields. Information received from nongovernment (sic) sources indicates that discrimination does exist in certain sectors of the public administration; examples include the decline in the number of Sikhs in the police force and the military, and the absence of Sikhs in personal bodyguard units since the murder of Indira Gandhi".

Although Sikhs comprise 10 to 15 percent of all ranks of the Indian Army and 20 percent of its officers, they make up 1.87 percent of the Indian population.

During the 1999 Vaisakhi, Sikhs worldwide celebrated the 300th anniversary of the creation of the Khalsa. Canada Post honoured Sikh Canadians with a commemorative stamp in conjunction with the 300th anniversary of Vaisakhi. On April 9, 1999, Indian president K.R. Narayanan issued a stamp commemorating the 300th anniversary of the Khalsa.

DEFINITION

According to Guru Granth Sahib:

One who calls himself a Sikh of the Guru, the True Guru, shall rise in the early morning hours and meditate on the Lord's Name. Upon arising early in the morning, the Sikh is to bathe, and cleanse himself in the pool of nectar. Following the Instructions of the Guru, the Sikh is to chant the Name of the Lord, Har. All sins, misdeeds and negativity shall be erased. Then, at the rising of the sun, the Sikh is to sing Gurbani; whether sitting down or standing up, the Sikh is to meditate on the Lord's Name. One who meditates on my Lord, Har, with every breath and every morsel of food – that Gursikh becomes pleasing to the Guru's Mind. That person, unto whom my Lord and Master is kind and compassionate – upon that Gursikh, the Guru's Teachings are bestowed. Servant Nanak begs for the dust of the feet of that Gursikh, who himself chants the Naam, and inspires others to chant it.

Simran of the Lord's name is a recurring theme of Guru Granth Sahib, and Sukhmani Sahib were composed to allow a devotee to recite Nam throughout the day. Rising at Amrit Velā (before sunrise) is a common Sikh practice. Sikhism considers the spiritual and secular lives to be intertwined: "In the Sikh Weltanschauung ... the temporal world is part of the Infinite and partakes of its characteristics." According to Guru Nanak, living an "active, creative, and practical life" of "truthfulness, fidelity, self-control and purity" is superior to a purely contemplative life.

FIVE Ks

The five Ks (panj kakaar) are five articles of faith which all baptized Sikhs (Amritdhari Sikhs) are obliged to wear. The symbols represent the ideals of Sikhism: honesty, equality, fidelity, meditating on God and never bowing to tyranny. The five symbols are:

- Kesh: Uncut hair, usually tied and wrapped in a Dastar

- Kanga: A wooden comb, usually worn under a Dastar

- Katchera: Cotton undergarments, historically appropriate in battle due to increased mobility when compared to a dhoti. Worn by both sexes, the katchera is a symbol of chastity.

- Kara: An iron bracelet, a weapon and a symbol of eternity

- Kirpan: An iron dagger in different sizes. In the UK Sikhs can wear a small dagger, but in the Punjab they might wear a traditional curved sword from one to three feet in length.

MUSIC & INSTRUMENTS

The Sikhs have a number of musical instruments: the rebab, dilruba, taus, jori and sarinda. Playing the sarangi was encouraged in Guru Har Gobind. The rubab was first played by Bhai Mardana as he accompanied Guru Nanak on his journeys. The jori and sarinda were designed by Guru Arjan. The taus was made by Guru Hargobind, who supposedly heard a peacock singing and wanted to create an instrument mimicking its sounds (taus is the Persian word for peacock). The dilruba was made by Guru Gobind Singh at the request of his followers, who wanted a smaller instrument than the taus. After Japji Sahib, all of the shabda in the Guru Granth Sahib were composed as ragas. This type of singing is known as Gurmat Sangeet.

When they marched into battle, the Sikhs would play a Ranjit Nagara (victory drum) to boost morale. Nagaras (usually two to three feet in diameter, although some were up to five feet in diameter) are played with two sticks. The beat of the large drums, and the raising of the Nishan Sahib, meant that the singhs were on their way.

DISTRIBUTION

Numbering about 27 million worldwide, Sikhs make up 0.39 percent of the world population; approximately 83 percent live in India. About 76 percent of all Sikhs live in the north Indian State of Punjab, where they form a majority (about two-thirds) of the population. Substantial communities of Sikhs (more than 200,000) live in the Indian states or union territories of Haryana (more than 1.1 million), Rajasthan, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh Assam and Jammu and Kashmir.

Sikh migration from British India began in earnest during the second half of the 19th century, when the British completed their annexation of the Punjab. The British Raj recruited Sikhs for the Indian Civil Service (particularly the British Indian Army), which led to Sikh migration throughout India and the British Empire. During the Raj, semiskilled Sikh artisans were transported from the Punjab to British East Africa to help build railroads. Sikhs emigrated from India and Pakistan after World War II, most going to the United Kingdom but many to North America. Some Sikhs who had settled in eastern Africa were expelled by Ugandan dictator Idi Amin in 1972. Economics is a major factor in Sikh migration, and significant communities exist in the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Malaysia, East Africa, Australia and Thailand.

Although the rate of Sikh migration from the Punjab has remained high, traditional patterns of Sikh migration favouring English-speaking countries (particularly the United Kingdom) have changed during the past decade due to stricter immigration laws. Moliner (2006) wrote that as a consequence of Sikh migration to the UK "becom[ing] virtually impossible since the late 1970s", migration patterns evolved to continental Europe. Italy is a rapidly growing destination for Sikh migration, with Reggio Emilia and Vicenza having significant Sikh population clusters. Italian Sikhs are generally involved in agriculture, agricultural processing, the manufacture of machine tools and horticulture.

Primarily for socio-economic reasons, Indian Sikhs have the lowest adjusted growth rate of any major religious group in India, at 16.9 percent per decade (estimated from 1991 to 2001). Johnson and Barrett (2004) estimate that the global Sikh population increases annually by 392,633 (1.7 percent per year, based on 2004 figures); this percentage includes births, deaths and conversions.

REPRESENTATION

Sikhs have been represented in Indian politics by former Indian prime minister Manmohan Singh and the deputy chairman of the Indian Planning Commission, Montek Singh Ahluwalia. Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal is also a Sikh. Past Sikh politicians in India include former president Giani Zail Singh, Sardar Swaran Singh (India's first foreign minister), Speaker of Parliament Gurdial Singh Dhillon and former Chief Minister of Punjab Pratap Singh Kairon.

Politicians from the Sikh diaspora include the first Asian American member of the United States Congress, Dalip Singh Saund, British MPs Piara Khabra, Parmjit Dhanda and Paul Uppal, the first couple to sit together in a Commonwealth parliament (Gurmant Grewal and Nina Grewal, who requested a Canadian government apology for the Komagata Maru incident), former Canadian Shadow Social Development Minister Ruby Dhalla, Canadian Minister of State for Sport Baljit Singh Gosal and Legislative Assembly of Ontario members Vic Dhillon and Jagmeet Singh. Ujjal Dosanjh was the New Democratic Party Premier of British Columbia from July 2004 to February 2005, and was later a Liberal frontbench MP in Ottawa. In Malaysia, two Sikhs were elected MPs in the 2008 general elections: Karpal Singh (Bukit Gelugor) and his son, Gobind Singh Deo (Puchong). Two Sikhs were elected assemblymen: Jagdeep Singh Deo (Datuk Keramat) and Keshvinder Singh (Malim Nawar).

Sikhs comprise 10 to 15 percent of all ranks in the Indian Army and 20 percent of its officers, while making up 1.87 percent of the Indian population. The Sikh Regiment is one of the most-decorated regiments in the army, with 73 Battle Honours, 14 Victoria Crosses, 21 first-class Indian Orders of Merit (equivalent to the Victoria Cross), 15 Theatre Honours, five COAS Unit Citations, two Param Vir Chakras, 14 Maha Vir Chakras, five Kirti Chakras, 67 Vir Chakras and 1,596 other awards. The highest-ranking general in the history of the Indian Air Force is a Punjabi Sikh, Marshal of the Air Force Arjan Singh. Plans by the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence for a Sikh infantry regiment were scrapped in June 2007.

Historically, most Indians have been farmers and 66 percent of the Indian population are engaged in agriculture. Indian Sikhs are employed in agriculture to a lesser extent; India's 2001 census found 39 percent of the working population of the Punjab employed in this sector. The success of the 1960s Green Revolution, in which India went from "famine to plenty, from humiliation to dignity", was based in the Punjab (which became known as "the breadbasket of India"). The Punjab is the wealthiest Indian state per capita, with the average Punjabi income three times the national average. The Green Revolution centred on Indian farmers adopting more intensive and mechanised agricultural methods, aided by the electrification of the Punjab, cooperative credit, consolidation of small holdings and the existing, British Raj-developed canal system. According to Swedish political scientist Ishtiaq Ahmad, a factor in the success of the Indian green revolution was the "Sikh cultivator, often the Jat, whose courage, perseverance, spirit of enterprise and muscle prowess proved crucial". However, not all aspects of the green revolution were beneficial. Indian physicist Vandana Shiva wrote that the green revolution made the "negative and destructive impacts of science [i.e. the green revolution] on nature and society" invisible, and was a catalyst for Punjabi Sikh and Hindu tensions despite a growth in material wealth.

Punjabi Sikhs are engaged in a number of professions which include science, engineering and medicine. Notable examples are nuclear scientist Piara Singh Gill (who worked on the Manhattan Project), fibre-optics pioneer Narinder Singh Kapany and physicist, science writer and broadcaster Simon Singh.

In business, the UK-based clothing retailers New Look and the Thai-based Jaspal were founded by Sikhs. India's largest pharmaceutical company, Ranbaxy Laboratories, is headed by Sikhs. UK Sikhs have the highest percentage of home ownership (82 percent) of any religious community. UK Sikhs are the second-wealthiest (after the Jewish community) religious group in the UK, with a median total household wealth of £229,000. In Singapore Kartar Singh Thakral expanded his family's trading business, Thakral Holdings, into total assets of almost $1.4 billion and is Singapore's 25th-richest person. Sikh Bob Singh Dhillon is the first Indo-Canadian billionaire. The Sikh diaspora has been most successful in North America, especially in California’s fertile Central Valley. American Sikh farmers such as Harbhajan Singh Samra and Didar Singh Bains dominate California agriculture, with Samra specialising in okra and Bains in peaches.

Sikh intellectuals, sportsmen and artists include writer Khushwant Singh, England cricketer Monty Panesar, former 400m runner Milkha Singh, Indian wrestler and actor Dara Singh, former Indian hockey team captains Ajitpal Singh and Balbir Singh Sr., former Indian cricket captain Bishen Singh Bedi, Harbhajan Singh (India's most successful off spin cricket bowler), Bollywood actress Neetu Singh, Sunny Leone, actors Parminder Nagra, Neha Dhupia, Gul Panag, Mona Singh, Namrata Singh Gujral, Archie Panjabi and director Gurinder Chadha.

Sikhs have migrated worldwide, with a variety of occupations. The Sikh Gurus preached ethnic and social harmony, and Sikhs comprise a number of ethnic groups. Those with over 1,000 members include the Ahluwalia, Arain, Arora, Bhatra, Bairagi, Bania, Basith, Bawaria, Bazigar, Bhabra, Chamar, Chhimba, Darzi, Dhobi, Gujar, Jatt, Jhinwar, Kahar, Kalal, Kamboj, Khatri, Kumhar, Labana, Lohar, Mahtam, Mazhabi, Megh, Mirasi, Mochi, Nai, Rajput, Ramgarhia, Saini, Sarera, Sikligar, Sunar, Sudh, Tarkhan and Zargar.

An order of Punjabi Sikhs, the Nihang or the Akalis, was formed during Ranjit Singh's time. Under their leader, Akali Phula Singh, they won many battles for the Sikh Confederacy during the early 19th century.

IN THE INDIAN & BRITISH ARMIES

Sikhs supported the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. By the beginning of World War I, Sikhs in the British Indian Army totaled over 100,000 (20 percent of the force). Until 1945 fourteen Victoria Crosses were awarded to Sikhs, a per-capita regimental record. In 2002 the names of all Sikh VC and George Cross recipients were inscribed on the monument of the Memorial Gates on Constitution Hill, next to Buckingham Palace. Chanan Singh Dhillon was instrumental in campaigning for the memorial.

During World War I, Sikh battalions fought in Egypt, Palestine, Mesopotamia, Gallipoli and France. Six battalions of the Sikh Regiment were raised during World War II, serving in the Second Battle of El Alamein, the Burma and Italian campaigns and in Iraq and receiving 27 battle honours. Around the world, Sikhs are commemorated in Commonwealth cemeteries.

In the last two world wars 83,005 turban wearing Sikh soldiers were killed and 109,045 were wounded. They all died or were wounded for the freedom of Britain and the world, and during shell fire, with no other protection but the turban, the symbol of their faith.

—General Sir Frank Messervy

British people are highly indebted and obliged to Sikhs for a long time. I know that within this century we needed their help twice [in two world wars] and they did help us very well. As a result of their timely help, we are today able to live with honour, dignity, and independence. In the war, they fought and died for us, wearing the turbans.

—Sir Winston Churchill

IN THE WEST

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Sikhs began to emigrate to East Africa, the Far East, Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. In 1907 the Khalsa Diwan Society was established in Vancouver, and four years later the first gurdwara was established in London. In 1912 the first gurdwara in the United States was founded in Stockton, California.

Since Sikhs (like Middle Eastern men) wear turbans, some in Western countries have been mistaken for Muslim or Arabic men since the September 11 attacks and the Iraq War. Several days after the 9/11 attacks Sikh Balbir Singh Sodhi was murdered by Frank Roque, who thought Sodhi was connected with al-Qaeda. CNN suggested an increase in hate crimes against Sikh men in the United States and the UK after the 9/11 attacks.

Since Sikhism has never actively sought converts, the Sikhs have remained a relatively homogeneous ethnic group. The Kundalini Yoga-based activities of Harbhajan Singh Yogi in his 3HO (Happy, Healthy, Holy) organisation claim to have inspired a moderate growth in non-Indian adherents of Sikhism. In 1998 an estimated 7,800 3HO Sikhs, known colloquially as ‘gora’ (ਗੋਰਾ) or ‘white’ Sikhs, were mainly centred around Española, New Mexico and Los Angeles, California. Sikhs and the Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund overturned a 1925 Oregon law banning the wearing of turbans by teachers and government officials.

In an attempt to foster Sikh leaders in the Western world, youth initiatives by a number of organisations have begun. The Sikh Youth Alliance of North America sponsors an annual Sikh Youth Symposium, a public-speaking and debate competition held in gurdwaras throughout the U.S. and Canada.

ART & CULTURE

Sikh art and culture are nearly synonymous with that of the Punjab, and Sikhs are easily recognised by their distinctive turban (Dastar). The Punjab has been called India’s melting pot, due to the confluence of invading cultures (Greek, Mughal and Persian) from the rivers from which the region gets its name. Sikh culture is therefore a synthesis of cultures. Sikhism has forged a unique architecture, which S. S. Bhatti described as "inspired by Guru Nanak’s creative mysticism" and "is a mute harbinger of holistic humanism based on pragmatic spirituality".

During the Mughal and Afghan persecution of the Sikhs during the 17th and 18th centuries, the latter were concerned with preserving their religion and gave little thought to art and culture. With the rise of Ranjit Singh and the Sikh Raj in Lahore and Delhi, there was a change in the landscape of art and culture in the Punjab; Hindus and Sikhs could build decorated shrines without the fear of destruction or looting.

The Sikh Confederacy was the catalyst for a uniquely Sikh form of expression, with Ranjit Singh commissioning forts, palaces, bungas (residential places) and colleges in a Sikh style. Sikh architecture is characterised by gilded fluted domes, cupolas, kiosks, stone lanterns, ornate balusters and square roofs. A pinnacle of Sikh style is Harmandir Sahib (also known as the Golden Temple) in Amritsar.

Sikh culture is influenced by militaristic motifs (with the Khanda the most obvious), and most Sikh artifacts - except for the relics of the Gurus - have a military theme. This theme is evident in the Sikh festivals of Hola Mohalla and Vaisakhi, which feature marching and displays of valor.

Although the art and culture of the Sikh diaspora have merged with that of other Indo-immigrant groups into categories like "British Asian", "Indo-Canadian" and "Desi-Culture", a minor cultural phenomenon which can be described as "political Sikh" has arisen. The art of diaspora Sikhs like Amarjeet Kaur Nandhra and Amrit and Rabindra Kaur Singh (the "Singh Twins") is influenced by their Sikhism and current affairs in the Punjab.

Bhangra and Giddha are two forms of Punjabi folk dancing which have been adapted and pioneered by Sikhs. Punjabi Sikhs have championed these forms of expression worldwide, resulting in Sikh culture becoming linked to Bhangra (although "Bhangra is not a Sikh institution but a Punjabi one").

PAINTING

Sikh painting is a direct offshoot of the Kangra school of painting. In 1810, Ranjeet Singh (1780–1839) occupied Kangra Fort and appointed Sardar Desa Singh Majithia his governor of the Punjab hills. In 1813 the Sikh army occupied Guler State, and Raja Bhup Singh became a vassal of the Sikhs. With the Sikh kingdom of Lahore becoming the paramount power, some of the Pahari painters from Guler migrated to Lahore for the patronage of Maharaja Ranjeet Singh and his Sardars.

The Sikh school adapted Kangra painting to Sikh needs and ideals. Its main subjects are the ten Sikh gurus and stories from Guru Nanak's Janamsakhis. The tenth Guru, Gobind Singh, left a deep impression on the followers of the new faith because of his courage and sacrifices. Hunting scenes and portraits are also common in Sikh painting.

WIKIPEDIA

TSRTC Hyderabad's new Volvo 8400 City Metro Luxury Bus running in the route of 17H/10H (ECIL 'X' Roads to Kondapur) of Hyderabad Central University (HCU) depot at Uppal bus stand on St.Johns/Rezimental Bazar Main Road in Secunderabad. In the background you can see the demolition and re-construction of buildings for road widening, part of Hyderabad Metro Rail works for Stage-III (Mettuguda-Begumpet), part of Nagole-Shilparamam/Raidurg line (Line 3) in Phase-I of the project.

Raw File: image_70 (Picmarkr).IMAG8862.20122014

. . . wow!

________

A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism, a monotheistic religion which originated during the 15th century in the Punjab region. The term "Sikh" has its origin in the Sanskrit words शिष्य (śiṣya; disciple, student) or शिक्ष (śikṣa; instruction). A Sikh is a disciple of a guru. According to Article I of the Sikh Rehat Maryada (the Sikh code of conduct), a Sikh is "any human being who faithfully believes in One Immortal Being; ten Gurus, from Guru Nanak to Guru Gobind Singh; Guru Granth Sahib; the teachings of the ten Gurus and the baptism bequeathed by the tenth Guru". "Sikh" properly refers to adherents of Sikhism as a religion, not an ethnic group. However, because Sikhs often share strong ethno-religious ties, many countries, such as the U.K., recognize Sikh as a designated ethnicity on their censuses. The American non-profit organization United Sikhs has fought to have Sikh included on the U.S. census as well, arguing that Sikhs "self-identify as an 'ethnic minority'" and believe "that they are more than just a religion".

Male Sikhs usually have "Singh" (Lion), and female Sikhs have "Kaur" (Princess) as their middle or last name. Sikhs who have undergone the khanḍe-kī-pahul (the Sikh initiation ceremony) may also be recognized by the five Ks: uncut hair (kesh); an iron or steel bracelet (kara); a kirpan (a sword tucked into a gatra strap); kachehra, a cotton undergarment, and kanga, a small wooden comb. Baptized male Sikhs must cover their hair with a turban, which is optional for baptized female Sikhs. The greater Punjab region is the historic homeland of the Sikhs, although significant communities exist around the world.

HISTORY

Sikh political history may be said to begin with the death of the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan Dev, in 1606. Guru Nanak was a religious leader and social reformer in the 15th-century Punjab. Religious practices were formalized by Guru Gobind Singh on 30 March 1699. Singh baptized five people from a variety of social backgrounds, known as the Panj Piare (the five beloved ones) to form the Khalsa, or collective body of initiated Sikhs. Sikhism has generally had amicable relations with other religions, except for the period of Mughal rule in India (1556–1707). Several Sikh gurus were killed by the Mughals for opposing their persecution of minority religious communities including Sikhs. Sikhs subsequently militarized to oppose Mughal rule. The emergence of the Sikh Confederacy under Ranjit Singh was characterized by religious tolerance and pluralism, with Christians, Muslims and Hindus in positions of power. The confederacy is considered the zenith of political Sikhism, encompassing Kashmir, Ladakh and Peshawar. Hari Singh Nalwa, the commander-in-chief of the Sikh army in the North West Frontier, expanded the confederacy to the Khyber Pass. Its secular administration implemented military, economic and governmental reforms. The months leading up to the partition of India in 1947 were marked by conflict in the Punjab between Sikhs and Muslims. This caused the religious migration of Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus from West Punjab, mirroring a similar religious migration of Punjabi Muslims from East Punjab.

The 1960s saw growing animosity between Sikhs and Hindus in India, with the Sikhs demanding the creation of a Punjab state on a linguistic basis similar to other states in India. This was promised to Sikh leader Master Tara Singh by Jawaharlal Nehru, in return for Sikh political support during negotiations for Indian independence. Although the Sikhs obtained the Punjab, they lost Hindi-speaking areas to Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan. Chandigarh was made a union territory and the capital of Haryana and Punjab on 1 November 1966.

Tensions arose again during the late 1970s, fueled by Sikh claims of discrimination and marginalisation by the Hindu-dominated Indian National Congress party and tactics adopted by the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

According to Katherine Frank, Indira Gandhi's assumption of emergency powers in 1975 resulted in the weakening of the "legitimate and impartial machinery of government", and her increasing "paranoia" about opposing political groups led her to institute a "despotic policy of playing castes, religions and political groups against each other for political advantage". Sikh leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale articulated Sikh demands for justice, and this triggered violence in the Punjab. The prime minister's 1984 defeat of Bhindranwale led to an attack on the Golden Temple in Operation Blue Star and to her assassination by her Sikh bodyguards. Gandhi's assassination resulted in an explosion of violence against Sikh communities and the killing of thousands of Sikhs throughout India. Khushwant Singh described the riots as a Sikh pogrom; he "felt like a refugee in my country. In fact, I felt like a Jew in Nazi Germany". Since 1984, relations between Sikhs and Hindus have moved toward a rapprochement aided by economic prosperity. However, a 2002 claim by the Hindu right-wing Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) that "Sikhs are Hindus" disturbed Sikh sensibilities. The Khalistan movement campaigns for justice for the victims of the violence, and for the political and economic needs of the Punjab.

In 1996, United Nations Commission on Human Rights Freedom of Religion or Belief Special Rapporteur Abdelfattah Amor (Tunisia, 1993–2004) visited India to report on religious discrimination. The following year Amor concluded, "In India it appears that the situation of the Sikhs in the religious field is satisfactory, but that difficulties are arising in the political (foreign interference, terrorism, etc.), economic (in particular with regard to sharing of water supplies) and even occupational fields. Information received from nongovernment (sic) sources indicates that discrimination does exist in certain sectors of the public administration; examples include the decline in the number of Sikhs in the police force and the military, and the absence of Sikhs in personal bodyguard units since the murder of Indira Gandhi".

Although Sikhs comprise 10 to 15 percent of all ranks of the Indian Army and 20 percent of its officers, they make up 1.87 percent of the Indian population.

During the 1999 Vaisakhi, Sikhs worldwide celebrated the 300th anniversary of the creation of the Khalsa. Canada Post honoured Sikh Canadians with a commemorative stamp in conjunction with the 300th anniversary of Vaisakhi. On April 9, 1999, Indian president K.R. Narayanan issued a stamp commemorating the 300th anniversary of the Khalsa.

DEFINITION

According to Guru Granth Sahib:

One who calls himself a Sikh of the Guru, the True Guru, shall rise in the early morning hours and meditate on the Lord's Name. Upon arising early in the morning, the Sikh is to bathe, and cleanse himself in the pool of nectar. Following the Instructions of the Guru, the Sikh is to chant the Name of the Lord, Har. All sins, misdeeds and negativity shall be erased. Then, at the rising of the sun, the Sikh is to sing Gurbani; whether sitting down or standing up, the Sikh is to meditate on the Lord's Name. One who meditates on my Lord, Har, with every breath and every morsel of food – that Gursikh becomes pleasing to the Guru's Mind. That person, unto whom my Lord and Master is kind and compassionate – upon that Gursikh, the Guru's Teachings are bestowed. Servant Nanak begs for the dust of the feet of that Gursikh, who himself chants the Naam, and inspires others to chant it.

Simran of the Lord's name is a recurring theme of Guru Granth Sahib, and Sukhmani Sahib were composed to allow a devotee to recite Nam throughout the day. Rising at Amrit Velā (before sunrise) is a common Sikh practice. Sikhism considers the spiritual and secular lives to be intertwined: "In the Sikh Weltanschauung ... the temporal world is part of the Infinite and partakes of its characteristics." According to Guru Nanak, living an "active, creative, and practical life" of "truthfulness, fidelity, self-control and purity" is superior to a purely contemplative life.

FIVE Ks

The five Ks (panj kakaar) are five articles of faith which all baptized Sikhs (Amritdhari Sikhs) are obliged to wear. The symbols represent the ideals of Sikhism: honesty, equality, fidelity, meditating on God and never bowing to tyranny. The five symbols are:

- Kesh: Uncut hair, usually tied and wrapped in a Dastar

- Kanga: A wooden comb, usually worn under a Dastar

- Katchera: Cotton undergarments, historically appropriate in battle due to increased mobility when compared to a dhoti. Worn by both sexes, the katchera is a symbol of chastity.

- Kara: An iron bracelet, a weapon and a symbol of eternity

- Kirpan: An iron dagger in different sizes. In the UK Sikhs can wear a small dagger, but in the Punjab they might wear a traditional curved sword from one to three feet in length.

MUSIC & INSTRUMENTS

The Sikhs have a number of musical instruments: the rebab, dilruba, taus, jori and sarinda. Playing the sarangi was encouraged in Guru Har Gobind. The rubab was first played by Bhai Mardana as he accompanied Guru Nanak on his journeys. The jori and sarinda were designed by Guru Arjan. The taus was made by Guru Hargobind, who supposedly heard a peacock singing and wanted to create an instrument mimicking its sounds (taus is the Persian word for peacock). The dilruba was made by Guru Gobind Singh at the request of his followers, who wanted a smaller instrument than the taus. After Japji Sahib, all of the shabda in the Guru Granth Sahib were composed as ragas. This type of singing is known as Gurmat Sangeet.

When they marched into battle, the Sikhs would play a Ranjit Nagara (victory drum) to boost morale. Nagaras (usually two to three feet in diameter, although some were up to five feet in diameter) are played with two sticks. The beat of the large drums, and the raising of the Nishan Sahib, meant that the singhs were on their way.

DISTRIBUTION

Numbering about 27 million worldwide, Sikhs make up 0.39 percent of the world population; approximately 83 percent live in India. About 76 percent of all Sikhs live in the north Indian State of Punjab, where they form a majority (about two-thirds) of the population. Substantial communities of Sikhs (more than 200,000) live in the Indian states or union territories of Haryana (more than 1.1 million), Rajasthan, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh Assam and Jammu and Kashmir.

Sikh migration from British India began in earnest during the second half of the 19th century, when the British completed their annexation of the Punjab. The British Raj recruited Sikhs for the Indian Civil Service (particularly the British Indian Army), which led to Sikh migration throughout India and the British Empire. During the Raj, semiskilled Sikh artisans were transported from the Punjab to British East Africa to help build railroads. Sikhs emigrated from India and Pakistan after World War II, most going to the United Kingdom but many to North America. Some Sikhs who had settled in eastern Africa were expelled by Ugandan dictator Idi Amin in 1972. Economics is a major factor in Sikh migration, and significant communities exist in the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Malaysia, East Africa, Australia and Thailand.

Although the rate of Sikh migration from the Punjab has remained high, traditional patterns of Sikh migration favouring English-speaking countries (particularly the United Kingdom) have changed during the past decade due to stricter immigration laws. Moliner (2006) wrote that as a consequence of Sikh migration to the UK "becom[ing] virtually impossible since the late 1970s", migration patterns evolved to continental Europe. Italy is a rapidly growing destination for Sikh migration, with Reggio Emilia and Vicenza having significant Sikh population clusters. Italian Sikhs are generally involved in agriculture, agricultural processing, the manufacture of machine tools and horticulture.

Primarily for socio-economic reasons, Indian Sikhs have the lowest adjusted growth rate of any major religious group in India, at 16.9 percent per decade (estimated from 1991 to 2001). Johnson and Barrett (2004) estimate that the global Sikh population increases annually by 392,633 (1.7 percent per year, based on 2004 figures); this percentage includes births, deaths and conversions.

REPRESENTATION

Sikhs have been represented in Indian politics by former Indian prime minister Manmohan Singh and the deputy chairman of the Indian Planning Commission, Montek Singh Ahluwalia. Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal is also a Sikh. Past Sikh politicians in India include former president Giani Zail Singh, Sardar Swaran Singh (India's first foreign minister), Speaker of Parliament Gurdial Singh Dhillon and former Chief Minister of Punjab Pratap Singh Kairon.

Politicians from the Sikh diaspora include the first Asian American member of the United States Congress, Dalip Singh Saund, British MPs Piara Khabra, Parmjit Dhanda and Paul Uppal, the first couple to sit together in a Commonwealth parliament (Gurmant Grewal and Nina Grewal, who requested a Canadian government apology for the Komagata Maru incident), former Canadian Shadow Social Development Minister Ruby Dhalla, Canadian Minister of State for Sport Baljit Singh Gosal and Legislative Assembly of Ontario members Vic Dhillon and Jagmeet Singh. Ujjal Dosanjh was the New Democratic Party Premier of British Columbia from July 2004 to February 2005, and was later a Liberal frontbench MP in Ottawa. In Malaysia, two Sikhs were elected MPs in the 2008 general elections: Karpal Singh (Bukit Gelugor) and his son, Gobind Singh Deo (Puchong). Two Sikhs were elected assemblymen: Jagdeep Singh Deo (Datuk Keramat) and Keshvinder Singh (Malim Nawar).

Sikhs comprise 10 to 15 percent of all ranks in the Indian Army and 20 percent of its officers, while making up 1.87 percent of the Indian population. The Sikh Regiment is one of the most-decorated regiments in the army, with 73 Battle Honours, 14 Victoria Crosses, 21 first-class Indian Orders of Merit (equivalent to the Victoria Cross), 15 Theatre Honours, five COAS Unit Citations, two Param Vir Chakras, 14 Maha Vir Chakras, five Kirti Chakras, 67 Vir Chakras and 1,596 other awards. The highest-ranking general in the history of the Indian Air Force is a Punjabi Sikh, Marshal of the Air Force Arjan Singh. Plans by the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence for a Sikh infantry regiment were scrapped in June 2007.

Historically, most Indians have been farmers and 66 percent of the Indian population are engaged in agriculture. Indian Sikhs are employed in agriculture to a lesser extent; India's 2001 census found 39 percent of the working population of the Punjab employed in this sector. The success of the 1960s Green Revolution, in which India went from "famine to plenty, from humiliation to dignity", was based in the Punjab (which became known as "the breadbasket of India"). The Punjab is the wealthiest Indian state per capita, with the average Punjabi income three times the national average. The Green Revolution centred on Indian farmers adopting more intensive and mechanised agricultural methods, aided by the electrification of the Punjab, cooperative credit, consolidation of small holdings and the existing, British Raj-developed canal system. According to Swedish political scientist Ishtiaq Ahmad, a factor in the success of the Indian green revolution was the "Sikh cultivator, often the Jat, whose courage, perseverance, spirit of enterprise and muscle prowess proved crucial". However, not all aspects of the green revolution were beneficial. Indian physicist Vandana Shiva wrote that the green revolution made the "negative and destructive impacts of science [i.e. the green revolution] on nature and society" invisible, and was a catalyst for Punjabi Sikh and Hindu tensions despite a growth in material wealth.

Punjabi Sikhs are engaged in a number of professions which include science, engineering and medicine. Notable examples are nuclear scientist Piara Singh Gill (who worked on the Manhattan Project), fibre-optics pioneer Narinder Singh Kapany and physicist, science writer and broadcaster Simon Singh.

In business, the UK-based clothing retailers New Look and the Thai-based Jaspal were founded by Sikhs. India's largest pharmaceutical company, Ranbaxy Laboratories, is headed by Sikhs. UK Sikhs have the highest percentage of home ownership (82 percent) of any religious community. UK Sikhs are the second-wealthiest (after the Jewish community) religious group in the UK, with a median total household wealth of £229,000. In Singapore Kartar Singh Thakral expanded his family's trading business, Thakral Holdings, into total assets of almost $1.4 billion and is Singapore's 25th-richest person. Sikh Bob Singh Dhillon is the first Indo-Canadian billionaire. The Sikh diaspora has been most successful in North America, especially in California’s fertile Central Valley. American Sikh farmers such as Harbhajan Singh Samra and Didar Singh Bains dominate California agriculture, with Samra specialising in okra and Bains in peaches.

Sikh intellectuals, sportsmen and artists include writer Khushwant Singh, England cricketer Monty Panesar, former 400m runner Milkha Singh, Indian wrestler and actor Dara Singh, former Indian hockey team captains Ajitpal Singh and Balbir Singh Sr., former Indian cricket captain Bishen Singh Bedi, Harbhajan Singh (India's most successful off spin cricket bowler), Bollywood actress Neetu Singh, Sunny Leone, actors Parminder Nagra, Neha Dhupia, Gul Panag, Mona Singh, Namrata Singh Gujral, Archie Panjabi and director Gurinder Chadha.

Sikhs have migrated worldwide, with a variety of occupations. The Sikh Gurus preached ethnic and social harmony, and Sikhs comprise a number of ethnic groups. Those with over 1,000 members include the Ahluwalia, Arain, Arora, Bhatra, Bairagi, Bania, Basith, Bawaria, Bazigar, Bhabra, Chamar, Chhimba, Darzi, Dhobi, Gujar, Jatt, Jhinwar, Kahar, Kalal, Kamboj, Khatri, Kumhar, Labana, Lohar, Mahtam, Mazhabi, Megh, Mirasi, Mochi, Nai, Rajput, Ramgarhia, Saini, Sarera, Sikligar, Sunar, Sudh, Tarkhan and Zargar.

An order of Punjabi Sikhs, the Nihang or the Akalis, was formed during Ranjit Singh's time. Under their leader, Akali Phula Singh, they won many battles for the Sikh Confederacy during the early 19th century.

IN THE INDIAN & BRITISH ARMIES

Sikhs supported the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. By the beginning of World War I, Sikhs in the British Indian Army totaled over 100,000 (20 percent of the force). Until 1945 fourteen Victoria Crosses were awarded to Sikhs, a per-capita regimental record. In 2002 the names of all Sikh VC and George Cross recipients were inscribed on the monument of the Memorial Gates on Constitution Hill, next to Buckingham Palace. Chanan Singh Dhillon was instrumental in campaigning for the memorial.

During World War I, Sikh battalions fought in Egypt, Palestine, Mesopotamia, Gallipoli and France. Six battalions of the Sikh Regiment were raised during World War II, serving in the Second Battle of El Alamein, the Burma and Italian campaigns and in Iraq and receiving 27 battle honours. Around the world, Sikhs are commemorated in Commonwealth cemeteries.

In the last two world wars 83,005 turban wearing Sikh soldiers were killed and 109,045 were wounded. They all died or were wounded for the freedom of Britain and the world, and during shell fire, with no other protection but the turban, the symbol of their faith.

—General Sir Frank Messervy

British people are highly indebted and obliged to Sikhs for a long time. I know that within this century we needed their help twice [in two world wars] and they did help us very well. As a result of their timely help, we are today able to live with honour, dignity, and independence. In the war, they fought and died for us, wearing the turbans.

—Sir Winston Churchill

IN THE WEST

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Sikhs began to emigrate to East Africa, the Far East, Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. In 1907 the Khalsa Diwan Society was established in Vancouver, and four years later the first gurdwara was established in London. In 1912 the first gurdwara in the United States was founded in Stockton, California.

Since Sikhs (like Middle Eastern men) wear turbans, some in Western countries have been mistaken for Muslim or Arabic men since the September 11 attacks and the Iraq War. Several days after the 9/11 attacks Sikh Balbir Singh Sodhi was murdered by Frank Roque, who thought Sodhi was connected with al-Qaeda. CNN suggested an increase in hate crimes against Sikh men in the United States and the UK after the 9/11 attacks.

Since Sikhism has never actively sought converts, the Sikhs have remained a relatively homogeneous ethnic group. The Kundalini Yoga-based activities of Harbhajan Singh Yogi in his 3HO (Happy, Healthy, Holy) organisation claim to have inspired a moderate growth in non-Indian adherents of Sikhism. In 1998 an estimated 7,800 3HO Sikhs, known colloquially as ‘gora’ (ਗੋਰਾ) or ‘white’ Sikhs, were mainly centred around Española, New Mexico and Los Angeles, California. Sikhs and the Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund overturned a 1925 Oregon law banning the wearing of turbans by teachers and government officials.

In an attempt to foster Sikh leaders in the Western world, youth initiatives by a number of organisations have begun. The Sikh Youth Alliance of North America sponsors an annual Sikh Youth Symposium, a public-speaking and debate competition held in gurdwaras throughout the U.S. and Canada.

ART & CULTURE

Sikh art and culture are nearly synonymous with that of the Punjab, and Sikhs are easily recognised by their distinctive turban (Dastar). The Punjab has been called India’s melting pot, due to the confluence of invading cultures (Greek, Mughal and Persian) from the rivers from which the region gets its name. Sikh culture is therefore a synthesis of cultures. Sikhism has forged a unique architecture, which S. S. Bhatti described as "inspired by Guru Nanak’s creative mysticism" and "is a mute harbinger of holistic humanism based on pragmatic spirituality".

During the Mughal and Afghan persecution of the Sikhs during the 17th and 18th centuries, the latter were concerned with preserving their religion and gave little thought to art and culture. With the rise of Ranjit Singh and the Sikh Raj in Lahore and Delhi, there was a change in the landscape of art and culture in the Punjab; Hindus and Sikhs could build decorated shrines without the fear of destruction or looting.

The Sikh Confederacy was the catalyst for a uniquely Sikh form of expression, with Ranjit Singh commissioning forts, palaces, bungas (residential places) and colleges in a Sikh style. Sikh architecture is characterised by gilded fluted domes, cupolas, kiosks, stone lanterns, ornate balusters and square roofs. A pinnacle of Sikh style is Harmandir Sahib (also known as the Golden Temple) in Amritsar.

Sikh culture is influenced by militaristic motifs (with the Khanda the most obvious), and most Sikh artifacts - except for the relics of the Gurus - have a military theme. This theme is evident in the Sikh festivals of Hola Mohalla and Vaisakhi, which feature marching and displays of valor.

Although the art and culture of the Sikh diaspora have merged with that of other Indo-immigrant groups into categories like "British Asian", "Indo-Canadian" and "Desi-Culture", a minor cultural phenomenon which can be described as "political Sikh" has arisen. The art of diaspora Sikhs like Amarjeet Kaur Nandhra and Amrit and Rabindra Kaur Singh (the "Singh Twins") is influenced by their Sikhism and current affairs in the Punjab.

Bhangra and Giddha are two forms of Punjabi folk dancing which have been adapted and pioneered by Sikhs. Punjabi Sikhs have championed these forms of expression worldwide, resulting in Sikh culture becoming linked to Bhangra (although "Bhangra is not a Sikh institution but a Punjabi one").

PAINTING

Sikh painting is a direct offshoot of the Kangra school of painting. In 1810, Ranjeet Singh (1780–1839) occupied Kangra Fort and appointed Sardar Desa Singh Majithia his governor of the Punjab hills. In 1813 the Sikh army occupied Guler State, and Raja Bhup Singh became a vassal of the Sikhs. With the Sikh kingdom of Lahore becoming the paramount power, some of the Pahari painters from Guler migrated to Lahore for the patronage of Maharaja Ranjeet Singh and his Sardars.

The Sikh school adapted Kangra painting to Sikh needs and ideals. Its main subjects are the ten Sikh gurus and stories from Guru Nanak's Janamsakhis. The tenth Guru, Gobind Singh, left a deep impression on the followers of the new faith because of his courage and sacrifices. Hunting scenes and portraits are also common in Sikh painting.

WIKIPEDIA

Test shoot to try out new backdrop and light modifiers. Our first beauty shoot with the beauty dish and absolutely in love with the quality of light!!

Model: Aastha Uppal

Photography: Rahul Lal

Assisted by Rohit Lal (Rohit Lal Photography)

Copyright © Rahul Lal Photography

The low slung clubhouse at Windsor Park as hosts Denton West take on Flowery Field in a crucial fourth-versus-second late season derby in Division One A of the Great Manchester League. Denton West moved up a place to third, four points behind leaders Moorside, after chalking up a 30-run victory. With three games remaining, Denton West trail second-placed Glodwick only on net run rate. The top two are promoted to the Premier Division, from which Denton West were relegated in 2018.

Professional Semila Seyibokwe wrecked Flowery Field's hopes of reaching their target. The South African pacer took 7-59 to reduce the Hyde-based visitors to 72-7. Ben Mason (39) and Kieran Lawton (20) put on 43 for the eighth wicket. Lawton, to a rather soft catch, was the last man out as Flowery Field fell short. Alex Dolly contributed 20. Earlier, Denton West, opting to bat, slipped to 11-2 as pacer Mike Finan (3-49) struck early blows. Ebrahim Ginwalla (43) and Aaqib Uppal (33) advanced the score to 92 before the third wicket tumbled. The hosts wobbled again, losing four wickets for the addition of just 15 runs, before a strong finish, with Ben Lowndes (19) prominent, enabled them to post a decent total. Mike Burns finished with 4-38 and South African professional Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20. Twins Jordan (Denton West) and Jamie (Flowery Field) Williams were on opposite sides. Jamie took a smart catch to dismiss his sibling for 10. Jordan is an England Disability international.

Cricket has been played at Windsor Park since 1880, when Reddish Cricket Club were formed. They merged in 1935 with Gorton Cricket Club (founded in 1848) to form Denton West Cricket Club. Gorton's ground was sold for redevelopment. Denton West's most famous product is former England and Lancashire pace bowler Brian Statham. As a teenager, Statham played for Denton West during the 1947 and 1948 seasons. Statham's widow later presented Denton West with one of her late husband's England caps.

Match statistics

Denton West versus Flowery Field

Greater Manchester League, Division One A (50 over match, 12.30pm start)

Admission: free. Programme: none. Attendance: 115. Denton West won the toss and elected to bat. Denton West 180 off 47.4 overs (Ebrahim Ginwalla 43, Aaqib Uppal 33, Mike Burns 4-38, Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20, Mike Finan 3-49) 5pts beat by 30 runs Flowery Field 150 off 47.2 overs (Semila Seyibokwe 7-59, Ben Mason 30, Alex Dolly 20, Kieran Lawton 20) 0pts.

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Action from Windsor Park as Flowery Field bat against hosts Denton West during the closing stages of a crucial fourth-versus-second late season derby in Division One A of the Great Manchester League. Denton West moved up a place to third, four points behind leaders Moorside, after chalking up a 30-run victory. With three games remaining, Denton West trail second-placed Glodwick only on net run rate. The top two are promoted to the Premier Division, from which Denton West were relegated in 2018.

Professional Semila Seyibokwe wrecked Flowery Field's hopes of reaching their target. The South African pacer took 7-59 to reduce the Hyde-based visitors to 72-7. Ben Mason (39) and Kieran Lawton (20) put on 43 for the eighth wicket. Lawton, to a rather soft catch, was the last man out as Flowery Field fell short. Alex Dolly contributed 20. Earlier, Denton West, opting to bat, slipped to 11-2 as pacer Mike Finan (3-49) struck early blows. Ebrahim Ginwalla (43) and Aaqib Uppal (33) advanced the score to 92 before the third wicket tumbled. The hosts wobbled again, losing four wickets for the addition of just 15 runs, before a strong finish, with Ben Lowndes (19) prominent, enabled them to post a decent total. Mike Burns finished with 4-38 and South African professional Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20. Twins Jordan (Denton West) and Jamie (Flowery Field) Williams were on opposite sides. Jamie took a smart catch to dismiss his sibling for 10. Jordan is an England Disability international.

Cricket has been played at Windsor Park since 1880, when Reddish Cricket Club were formed. They merged in 1935 with Gorton Cricket Club (founded in 1848) to form Denton West Cricket Club. Gorton's ground was sold for redevelopment. Denton West's most famous product is former England and Lancashire pace bowler Brian Statham. As a teenager, Statham played for Denton West during the 1947 and 1948 seasons. Statham's widow later presented Denton West with one of her late husband's England caps.

Match statistics

Denton West versus Flowery Field

Greater Manchester League, Division One A (50 over match, 12.30pm start)

Admission: free. Programme: none. Attendance: 115. Denton West won the toss and elected to bat. Denton West 180 off 47.4 overs (Ebrahim Ginwalla 43, Aaqib Uppal 33, Mike Burns 4-38, Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20, Mike Finan 3-49) 5pts beat by 30 runs Flowery Field 150 off 47.2 overs (Semila Seyibokwe 7-59, Ben Mason 30, Alex Dolly 20, Kieran Lawton 20) 0pts.

The groundsman's store at a surprisingly rural Windsor Park as hosts Denton West take on Flowery Field in a crucial fourth-versus-second late season derby in Division One A of the Great Manchester League. Denton West moved up a place to third, four points behind leaders Moorside, after chalking up a 30-run victory. With three games remaining, Denton West trail second-placed Glodwick only on net run rate. The top two are promoted to the Premier Division, from which Denton West were relegated in 2018.

Professional Semila Seyibokwe wrecked Flowery Field's hopes of reaching their target. The South African pacer took 7-59 to reduce the Hyde-based visitors to 72-7. Ben Mason (39) and Kieran Lawton (20) put on 43 for the eighth wicket. Lawton, to a rather soft catch, was the last man out as Flowery Field fell short. Alex Dolly contributed 20. Earlier, Denton West, opting to bat, slipped to 11-2 as pacer Mike Finan (3-49) struck early blows. Ebrahim Ginwalla (43) and Aaqib Uppal (33) advanced the score to 92 before the third wicket tumbled. The hosts wobbled again, losing four wickets for the addition of just 15 runs, before a strong finish, with Ben Lowndes (19) prominent, enabled them to post a decent total. Mike Burns finished with 4-38 and South African professional Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20. Twins Jordan (Denton West) and Jamie (Flowery Field) Williams were on opposite sides. Jamie took a smart catch to dismiss his sibling for 10. Jordan is an England Disability international.

Cricket has been played at Windsor Park since 1880, when Reddish Cricket Club were formed. They merged in 1935 with Gorton Cricket Club (founded in 1848) to form Denton West Cricket Club. Gorton's ground was sold for redevelopment. Denton West's most famous product is former England and Lancashire pace bowler Brian Statham. As a teenager, Statham played for Denton West during the 1947 and 1948 seasons. Statham's widow later presented Denton West with one of her late husband's England caps.

Match statistics

Denton West versus Flowery Field

Greater Manchester League, Division One A (50 over match, 12.30pm start)

Admission: free. Programme: none. Attendance: 115. Denton West won the toss and elected to bat. Denton West 180 off 47.4 overs (Ebrahim Ginwalla 43, Aaqib Uppal 33, Mike Burns 4-38, Kurtlyn Mannikam 3-20, Mike Finan 3-49) 5pts beat by 30 runs Flowery Field 150 off 47.2 overs (Semila Seyibokwe 7-59, Ben Mason 30, Alex Dolly 20, Kieran Lawton 20) 0pts.

It is only because of the traffic cop that these motorists are controlling themselves, otherwise they would have moved forward disregarding the signal. Sometimes many motorists brazenly break the rules even if the traffic police are there. So terrible is the traffic in Hyderabad, A.P. The picture was taken at the Uppal crossroads.

Dark Peak hills cradle Glossop Cricket Club's North Road ground. Captured before a fourth-versus-third promotion battle with Greater Manchester League Championship One A rivals Denton West, who won a disappointingly one-sided encounter by 62 runs.

Glossop had the good fortune to win the toss. Having put in the visitors, then dismissed them for just 145, the hosts appeared well set. Unfortunately, Glossop batted extremely poorly. Defeat sees them slip a place, with Denton West remaining third, on the same number of points as Glodwick, three behind leaders Moorside.

Alex Coates (4-28) and Will Hargreaves (3-41) bowled tidily as Denton West failed to reach 150. Professional Semila Seyibokwe gave Glossop a major boost by needlessly running himself out for 26. Liam Kilburn, in at No 8, top scored with 36. Aaqib Uppal contributed 31. Glossop's reply got off to a poor start. The hosts found themselves 10-3 after five overs. Glossop's hopes pretty much evaporated when professional Alex Browne (29) teed up an easy catch. Cameron Ball (26) was the only other batter to reach double figures. Ben Lowndes finished with 5-32 and the influential Kilburn 2-12.

Interesting Manchester Guardian description, on Glossop Cricket Club's website, after North Road's opening match on August 9, 1880: "Glossop is an amphitheatre of hills. At one end the batsman has in front of him the White Nab, the backbone of the Peak range. On the other side is the pleasant height of Pickness, green with meadows grass and with many clumps of trees. The ground has two drawbacks. The first is that it adjoins the railway of the Great Central Company. The noise is rackety and dreadful, and at times the smoke from the engine obscures on one side both hill and valley. The other drawback is the ground is five or six feet higher at one side than the other." Not much has changed!

Match statistics

Glossop versus Denton West

Greater Manchester League, Championship One A (50 over match, 1pm start)

Admission: free. Programme: none. Attendance: 77. Glossop won the toss and elected to field. Denton West 145 off 39.3 overs (Liam Kilburn 36, Aaqib Uppal 31, Semila Seyibokwe 26, Alex Coates 4-28, Will Hargreaves 3-41) 6pts beat by 62 runs Glossop 83 off 31.4 overs (Alex Browne 29, Cameron Ball 26, Ben Lowndes 5-32, Liam Kilburn 2-12) 0pts.

From L to R, Lindsay McCall, Fiona Mackay, Ben Wilson, Anvraj Uppal, Dorothy Monnickendam, Adam Stevenson, Liam MacLeod, Scott Wright, Callum Gwynne, Wallace Wilson and Janette Coulter

Anna Drapkin, A08, wed Jason Walcutt on August 17, 2014, in Hope, ME. Jumbos in attendance included, from left: Jayson Uppal, E08; Jared Rodriguez, E08; Julia Nagel, A08; Samantha Goldman, A08; Jen Bokoff, A08; bride; groom; Laura Bannett, A08; Emma Shields, A08; Lindsay Rauch, A08; Chloe Rossen, A08; and Jen Woodman, A08. Photo credit: Angie Devenney Photography.