Some of it has been restored but most of the canal is unnavigable, it was always prone to leaking. Sony A7R with Samyang AF 24mm f2.8 at f8

The River Avon, in Bath, Somerset.

The name "Avon" is a cognate of the Welsh word afon "river", both being derived from the Common Brittonic abona, "river". "River Avon", therefore, literally means "River River"; several other English and Scottish rivers share the name. The County of Avon that existed from 1974 to 1996 was named after the river, and covered Bristol, Bath, and the lower Avon valley.

The Avon rises just north of the village of Acton Turville in South Gloucestershire, before flowing through Wiltshire. In its lower reaches from Bath to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth near Bristol the river is navigable and known as the Avon Navigation.

The Avon is the 19th longest river in the UK at 75 miles (121 km) although there are just 19 miles (31 km) as the crow flies between the source and its mouth in the Severn Estuary. The catchment area is 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).

The river Avon had been navigable from Bristol to Bath during the early years of the 13th century but construction of mills on the river forced its closure. The floodplain of the Avon, on which the city centre of Bath is built, has an altitude of about 59 ft (18 m) above sea level. The river, once an unnavigable series of braided streams broken up by swamps and ponds, has been managed by weirs into a single channel. Periodic flooding, which shortened the life of many buildings in the lowest part of the city, was normal until major flood control works were completed in the 1970s.

"The Cambridgeshire Lodes are a series of man-made waterways, believed to be Roman in origin, located in the county of Cambridgeshire, England. Bottisham, Swaffham Bulbeck, Reach, Burwell, Wicken and Monks Lodes all connect to the River Cam, while Soham Lode connects to the River Great Ouse. All have been navigable historically, but some are no longer officially navigable.

Bottisham Lode was navigated throughout the 19th century, and although the flood gates at its mouth were replaced in 2001, it carries a "No unauthorised vessels" notice. Swaffham Bulbeck Lode has been rendered unnavigable by the removal of the lower lock gates, and the replacement of the upper lock gates with a guillotine gate which provides little headroom. Reach Lode is quite deep, as a result of the surrounding land sinking, and the banks being built up. The lower gate of the entrance lock has been replaced by a guillotine gate, enabling boats up to 63 feet (19 m) long to use it.

Burwell Lode is a tributary of Reach Lode, and is another deep lode. Barges were built and maintainted at Burwell until 1936, and it was used commercially until 1963, when carriage of sugar beet ceased. Wicken Lode is another tributary of Reach Lode, and was important for the carriage of peat and sedge. It runs through Wicken Fen, one of the oldest nature reserves in England, as the National Trust bought their first part of it in 1899. Soham Lode is more recent than most, probably dating from the 1790s. It ran by Soham Mere, a large inland lake which was drained in the late 18th century.

In 2007 a strategy plan considered options for the management of the lodes which included rebuilding most of them at a lower level, but concluded that maintaining the banks at the existing level was a better long-term solution." - info from Wikipedia.

Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.

Now on Instagram.

25. Yale on Fraser River, B.C.

Post Card - Edwards Bros., Publishers, Vancouver, B. C. / Printed in Germany.

Edwards Brothers, a photography firm in Vancouver, was operated by Edgar Herbert Edwards and George William Edwards. The brothers moved to Vancouver from Waterloo, Ontario, in 1891. They operated a studio in Vancouver and specialized in portrait and landscape photography.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Yale is an unincorporated town in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Located on the Fraser River, it is generally considered to be on the dividing line between the Coast and the Interior regions of the British Columbia Mainland. Immediately north of the town, the Fraser Canyon begins and the river is generally considered unnavigable past this point. Rough water is common on the Fraser anywhere upstream from Chilliwack and even more so above Hope, about 20 mi (32 km) south of Yale. However, steamers could make it to Yale, good pilots and water conditions permitting, and the town had a busy dockside life as well as a variety of bars, restaurants, hotels, saloons and various services. Its maximum population during the gold rush era was in the 15,000 range. More generally, it housed 5,000-8,000. The higher figure was counted at the time of evacuation of the Canyon during the Fraser Canyon War of 1858.

The Castor River Shut-Ins is located near Fredericktown, Missouri. A “shut-in” is an Ozark term for a river that is naturally confined within a deep, narrow channel that becomes unnavigable even by canoe due to the rapids and narrow channels produced as the stream encounters a more resistant rock that is more difficult to erode. The Castor River Shut-Ins are unique in that they are the only Missouri shut-in carved out of a pinkish granite that is 1.5 billion years old. The Castor River Shut-Ins is part of the Amidon Memorial Conservation Area.

© All rights reserved - - No Usage Allowed in Any Form Without the Written Consent of the photographer, Mark S. Schuver.

The best way to view my photostream is on Flickriver: Nikon66's photos on Flickriver

The Castor River Shut-Ins is located near Fredericktown, Missouri. A “shut-in” is an Ozark term for a river that is naturally confined within a deep, narrow channel that becomes unnavigable even by canoe due to the rapids and narrow channels produced as the stream encounters a more resistant rock that is more difficult to erode. The Castor River Shut-Ins are unique in that they are the only Missouri shut-in carved out of a pinkish granite that is 1.5 billion years old. The Castor River Shut-Ins is part of the Amidon Memorial Conservation Area.

© All rights reserved - - No Usage Allowed in Any Form Without the Written Consent of the photographer, Mark S. Schuver.

The best way to view my photostream is on Flickriver: Nikon66's photos on Flickriver

A former section of the Lancaster Canal in Kendal, Cumbria.

The canal's principal purpose was to transport coal north from the Lancashire Coalfields, and limestone south from Cumbria. The nature of these cargoes gave the waterway its local nickname - the Black and White Canal. The Glasson branch allowed cargo transfer from sea going vessels that could not navigate the increasingly shallow Lune Estuary into Lancaster.

The canal was built in two sections, north and south of the River Ribble. John Rennie designed major two aqueducts, one over the Lune at Lancaster, and one over the Ribble at Preston. Due to problems with the foundations of the Lune Aqueduct, the company ran out of sufficient money to build the Ribble aqueduct to connect the two sections. Instead, a tramway was built from Walton Summit to Preston. This worked adequately, and so the two sections were never connected.

North of Preston, though, the waterway was successful. Because of the lack of locks, the daily Packet Boat passenger service really was 'express' - Kendal could be reached from Preston in an unheard of 10 hours. In fact the service was so comfortable that passengers on the daily runs between Preston and Kendal remained loyal to the waterway for several years after the arrival of the trains.

Roads posed a more serious threat and after a general decline (the last cargo sailing in 1947) the construction of the M6 motorway through the line of the canal finally saw the 14 miles of the Northern Reaches isolated at Tewitfield Locks. The isolated, largely unnavigable section to the north is home to the only tunnel on the Lancaster Canal at Hincaster.

Information Source:

canalrivertrust.org.uk/enjoy-the-waterways/canal-and-rive...

The Grade I Listed High Bridge carrying the High Street over the River Witham in Lincoln. It is the oldest bridge in the United Kingdom which still has buildings on it. It was built about 1160, in 1235 the Chapel of St Thomas (dedicated to Thomas Becket) was built on the eastside of it, this was removed in 1762 and the still existing row of shops were built sometime before 1550.

Bridges like this were common in the Middle Ages, the best known being London Bridge, but most have long since been demolished because of their obstruction to the river flow and to shipping.

The Glory Hole is the name given by generations of boaters to the High Bridge in Lincoln. It has a narrow and crooked arch which sets a limit on the size of boats using the Witham and going from Brayford Pool, at the start of Foss Dyke, to Boston and the sea.

Since the 14th Century the bridge has contributed to floods in Lincoln and after any heavy rain the bridge is virtually unnavigable, which may be why it got its name. A design by William Jessop in the 19th century to reroute the waters of the Witham through the south of the town was never implemented.

With a population of 85, the village of Old Appleton and its namesake bridge straddles Apple Creek, connecting Cape Girardeau County with Perry County, Missouri. The original French name for the creek was "Riviere à la Pomme" (apple river), named from the apple trees that had once grown there. The Old Appleton Bridge, built in 1879 by H.W. Sebastian & Co. of St. Louis, is one of the oldest bridges in Southeast Missouri, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1824, a mill was built on the northern bank of Apple Creek by Alfred McLane. Flood levels were exacerbated by the building of a mill dam that caused waters in the creek to rise and thus creating a necessity for a bridge. The creek was unnavigable at least twice a week and was negatively affecting the trade between Cape Girardeau and Perry Counties.

The three-span wrought-iron truss bridge used to carry Highway 25 across Apple Creek, but is now relegated to pedestrian traffic. The total length of the bridge is 161 feet. The piers are constructed out of limestone block masonry that was quarried locally from the Appleton Quarry.

In December of 1982, Apple Creek rose more than fifteen feet during heavy rains and the bridge washed away, leaving one end of the bridge resting on a gravel bar and the other on the north bank. In March of 1983, a crew worked to salvage the bridge by cutting it into pieces and labeling each piece. It took 25 years for the residents of Old Appleton to raise enough money to restore the bridge. In 2005 it was restored using 98% of its original parts. At that time, concrete piers were added to raise the bridge over the 1982 flood level. The high quality of wrought iron that was used to build the original bridge was one of the main reasons why it survived the 1982 flood. The cost of replacing the bridge was $519,000, with 20% coming from private donations and 80% from the Missouri Department of Transportation.

Although the mill (known as McLane Mill) survived the 1982 flood, a flash flood on May 16, 1986 destroyed the old mill, and it was not rebuilt. Remnants of the old mill can still be seen on the north bank of Apple Creek.

© All rights reserved - - No Usage Allowed in Any Form Without the Written Consent of the photographer.

The best way to view my photostream is on Flickriver: Nikon66's photos on Flickriver

The USS Jefferies’ unique four nacelle configuration allows her to make headway through otherwise unnavigable nebulae. A small secondary starship Mary-Ann allows planetary landing; transporters being dangerously unstable in a nebula field.

I built two other Star Trek style ships and then decided to go for broke with a bigger, less conventional, more dramatic and all out bad-ass design. There was a lot of engineering involved to work out the internal framework of technic that holds up the saucer and the huge angled wings, plus I had to balance the warp nacelles so they don't droop. I also went nutty with the LEDs lighting up just about everything that could be lit and 3D printed some special pieces for the photon torpedo launchers. Really pleased with the colour scheme and the overall appearance which is really rooted in the Star Trek aesthetic but spun out in a cool new direction.

The Castor River Shut-Ins, located in the Missouri Ozarks, is carved out of a pinkish granite that is 1.5 billion years old. Granite is a coarse-grained igneous rock formed from magma that cooled underground and was later exposed. A “shut-in” is an Ozark term for a river that is naturally confined within a deep, narrow channel that becomes unnavigable even by canoe due to the rapids and narrow channels produced as the stream encounters a more resistant rock that is more difficult to erode. The Castor River Shut-Ins is the only Missouri shut-in formed by this unique and picturesque pink rock.

I arrived at the parking lot at the head of the trail leading to the Castor River Shut-Ins well-before sunrise. I navigating down the trail and onto a large rock in the middle of the river by flashlight, and began taking this series of photos by moonlight, twilight and then sunrise. The large rock that I climbed out onto can be seen in the middle of this photo. I had picked a cloudless night to try my hand at capturing some stars in the image, but the light from a very bright moon overhead obliterated most of the visible stars from the sky. By the time the sun came up, the light was too harsh to continue taking photographs, so my stay at Castor River was very short this morning.

The Castor River Shut-Ins is part of the Amidon Memorial Conservation Area.

© All rights reserved - - No Usage Allowed in Any Form Without the Written Consent of the photographer.

The best way to view my photostream is on Flickriver: Nikon66's photos on Flickriver

The River Wey Navigation and Godalming Navigation, geographically (but not historically) the Wey Navigation, form a continuous waterway which provides a 20-mile (32 km) navigable route from the River Thames between Weybridge and Hamm Court, Addlestone via Guildford to Godalming. The waterway is in Surrey and is owned by the National Trust. The Wey Navigation connects to the Basingstoke Canal at West Byfleet, and the Godalming Navigation part to the Wey and Arun Canal in the Broadford part of Shalford. The Navigations consist of man-made canal and adapted (dredged and straightened) parts of the River Wey. Its adjoining path is part of European long-distance path E2.

The Wey was the second river in England to be turned from wholly unnavigable to navigable for its main town, as it was behind the River Lea; the River Wey Navigation opened in 1653 with 12 locks between Weybridge and Guildford. Construction of the Godalming Navigation, a further four locks, was completed in 1764 connecting a second market town. Commercial traffic (save for exceptional loads for canalside buildings) ceased in 1983 and the Wey Navigation and the Godalming Navigations were donated to the National Trust in 1964 and 1968 respectively.

The Castor River Shut-Ins, located in the Missouri Ozarks, is carved out of a pinkish granite that is 1.5 billion years old. Granite is a coarse-grained igneous rock formed from magma that cooled underground and was later exposed. A “shut-in” is an Ozark term for a river that is naturally confined within a deep, narrow channel that becomes unnavigable even by canoe due to the rapids and narrow channels produced as the stream encounters a more resistant rock that is more difficult to erode. The Castor River Shut-Ins is the only Missouri shut-in formed by this unique and picturesque pink rock.

I arrived at the parking lot at the head of the trail leading to the Castor River Shut-Ins well-before sunrise. I navigating down the trail and onto a large rock in the middle of the river by flashlight, and began taking this series of photos by moonlight, twilight and then sunrise. The large rock that I climbed out onto can be seen in the middle of this photo. I had picked a cloudless night to try my hand at capturing some stars in the image, but the light from a very bright moon overhead obliterated most of the visible stars from the sky. By the time the sun came up, the light was too harsh to continue taking photographs, so my stay at Castor River was very short this morning.

The Castor River Shut-Ins is part of the Amidon Memorial Conservation Area.

© All rights reserved - - No Usage Allowed in Any Form Without the Written Consent of the photographer.

The best way to view my photostream is on Flickriver: Nikon66's photos on Flickriver

Luckily, I live in an area where deer are about in great numbers,

Also wild turkeys. Quite nearby are an assortment of wild creatures who get to live out their lives in one of the most beautiful areas of the country, and that would be western Montana. In the heart of the Rocky Mountains. In the northern section of the Great American West.

Quite often, I can photograph animals stealthily from one of the windows of my homestead, as I did here. This beautiful creature was grazing in my backyard. All I had to do was to spot him out of the corner of my eye, grab a camera, attach a telephoto lens and make my way to the window without being detected.

Sometimes, I am detected. I stay still and attempt to look harmless. More often than not, the creatures stay put and go back to grazing.

This whitetail buck is putting on a winter coat in preparation for spending the upcoming season in wintry weather, although the Bitterroot Valley has a very moderate winter, due to the protection of two mountain ranges. While the snow flies at elevation, the valley floor does not receive a great deal of snow.

This part of western Montana is nicknamed "the banana belt", due to this moderation. Not that we can't have cold fronts and

not that we don't, occasionally, get a dumping of snow. But

it is rare, and the temps remain quite reasonable through most of the winter. We are close to Canada. But we don't experience Canada's winter. Or the plains of northern Montana's winter

for that matter. But please don't tell anyone. Let the many folks

continue to believe that this is a frozen tundra in the winter, where the roads are unnavigable and the bison stand frozen in their tracks. We are trying to keep the population in check. Not the wild creatures, of course, but those ever-troublesome humans that you read so much about. But not you personally.

The River Avon in Bath, Somerset.

The name "Avon" is a cognate of the Welsh word afon "river", both being derived from the Common Brittonic abona, "river". "River Avon", therefore, literally means "River River"; several other English and Scottish rivers share the name. The County of Avon that existed from 1974 to 1996 was named after the river, and covered Bristol, Bath, and the lower Avon valley.

The Avon rises just north of the village of Acton Turville in South Gloucestershire, before flowing through Wiltshire. In its lower reaches from Bath to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth near Bristol the river is navigable and known as the Avon Navigation.

The Avon is the 19th longest river in the UK at 75 miles (121 km) although there are just 19 miles (31 km) as the crow flies between the source and its mouth in the Severn Estuary. The catchment area is 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).

The river Avon had been navigable from Bristol to Bath during the early years of the 13th century but construction of mills on the river forced its closure. The floodplain of the Avon, on which the city centre of Bath is built, has an altitude of about 59 ft (18 m) above sea level. The river, once an unnavigable series of braided streams broken up by swamps and ponds, has been managed by weirs into a single channel. Periodic flooding, which shortened the life of many buildings in the lowest part of the city, was normal until major flood control works were completed in the 1970s.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spree

The Spree (German pronunciation: [ˈʃpʁeː]; Sorbian: Sprjewja, Czech: Spréva) is a river that flows through the Saxony, Brandenburg and Berlin states of Germany, and in the Ústí nad Labem region of the Czech Republic. Approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) in length, it is a left bank tributary of the River Havel, which itself flows into the Elbe and then the North Sea. It is the river on which the original centre of Berlin was built.

The reach of the river between the Dämeritzsee and Müggelsee to the east of Berlin is known as the Müggelspree.

Course

The source of the Spree is located in Neugersdorf, Germany, in the Lusatian Highlands (Lausitzer Bergland) near the Czech border. It runs on the border for a short distance at two points (near Ebersbach and Oppach) before leaving the hills and passing through the old city of Bautzen/Budyšin, the center of the Sorbs in Upper Lusatia. Just to the north of Bautzen the river flows through the Bautzen Reservoir. Further north the river passes through the city of Spremberg and the Spremberg Reservoir before reaching the city of Cottbus. To the north of Cottbus the river enters the Spreewald, a large wetlands area in Lower Lusatia.[citation needed]

In the Spreewald the river passes through the towns of Lübbenau, Lübben and Leibsch. Just below Leibsch, the Dahme Flood Relief Canal diverts water from the Spree to run into the River Dahme at Märkisch Buchholz. The Spree continues north from Leibsch before flowing into the Neuendorfer See at the northern edge of the Spreewald. From the Neundorfer See it then flows in an easterly direction to the Schwielochsee, and then in a northerly and westerly direction to the town of Fürstenwalde. From Fürstenwalde the river continues to flow westwards, through the Dämeritzsee and Müggelsee, to Köpenick in the southeastern part of Berlin, where it is joined by its tributary, the River Dahme.[1]

The final reach of the Spree is where it is best known. It flows through the city centre of Berlin to join the River Havel in Spandau, one of Berlin’s western boroughs, which itself ultimately merges with the Elbe to enter the sea in Cuxhaven, after flowing through Hamburg. On its route through Berlin, the river passes Berlin Cathedral (Berliner Dom), the Reichstag and the Schloss Charlottenburg. The renowned Museum Island (Museumsinsel), with its collection of five major museums, is actually an island in the Spree. The Badeschiff is a floating swimming pool moored in the Spree.[1][2]

Navigation

Small craft, such as punts, are widely used in wetlands of the Spreewald. Larger craft can reach as far upstream as Leibsch, although the upper reaches are relatively shallow and are generally only used by leisure craft. Some intermediate reaches are unnavigable and by-passed by canals.[1]

For a stretch of about 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of and flowing through Fürstenwalde, the river forms part of the Oder-Spree Canal. On this reach, and on the reach west of the confluence with the River Dahme at Köpenick, the river forms part of secondary commercially link between Berlin and the River Oder and hence Poland.[1] The canal diverges from the Spree just east of Fürstenwalde and later joins the River Dahme at the (lake) Seddinsee.

In Berlin, the Spree forms part of a dense network of navigable waterways, many of which are artificial, and which provide a wide choice of routes. Several important commercial harbours can be found on this network, and tugs and barges move sand, grain, bricks, and beer. Tour boats tour the central section of the Spree and its adjoining waterways on a frequent basis.[1][3]

Etymology

The name of the river Spree was recorded by Thietmar of Merseburg as Sprewa (Middle German sprejen, sprewen, High German sprühen meaning to spray water). People living at the Spree river (Anwohner) were in old German language (and are still) called Spreewaner.[citation needed]

The river gives its name to several German districts:

Spree-Neiße

Oder-Spree

Berlin Wall

Many people died in the Spree while trying to cross the Berlin Wall, including children who drowned with rescuers not allowed to enter the river to save them.

Looking down the River Witham towards the Grade I Listed High Bridge carrying the High Street over the River in Lincoln. It is the oldest bridge in the United Kingdom which still has buildings on it. It was built about 1160, in 1235 the Chapel of St Thomas (dedicated to Thomas Becket) was built on the eastside of it, this was removed in 1762 and the still existing row of shops were built sometime before 1550.

Bridges like this were common in the Middle Ages, the best known being London Bridge, but most have long since been demolished because of their obstruction to the river flow and to shipping.

The Glory Hole is the name given by generations of boaters to the High Bridge in Lincoln. It has a narrow and crooked arch which sets a limit on the size of boats using the Witham and going from Brayford Pool, at the start of Foss Dyke, to Boston and the sea.

Since the 14th Century the bridge has contributed to floods in Lincoln and after any heavy rain the bridge is virtually unnavigable, which may be why it got its name. A design by William Jessop in the 19th century to reroute the waters of the Witham through the south of the town was never implemented.

A former section of the Lancaster Canal in Kendal, Cumbria.

The canal's principal purpose was to transport coal north from the Lancashire Coalfields, and limestone south from Cumbria. The nature of these cargoes gave the waterway its local nickname - the Black and White Canal. The Glasson branch allowed cargo transfer from sea going vessels that could not navigate the increasingly shallow Lune Estuary into Lancaster.

The canal was built in two sections, north and south of the River Ribble. John Rennie designed major two aqueducts, one over the Lune at Lancaster, and one over the Ribble at Preston. Due to problems with the foundations of the Lune Aqueduct, the company ran out of sufficient money to build the Ribble aqueduct to connect the two sections. Instead, a tramway was built from Walton Summit to Preston. This worked adequately, and so the two sections were never connected.

North of Preston, though, the waterway was successful. Because of the lack of locks, the daily Packet Boat passenger service really was 'express' - Kendal could be reached from Preston in an unheard of 10 hours. In fact the service was so comfortable that passengers on the daily runs between Preston and Kendal remained loyal to the waterway for several years after the arrival of the trains.

Roads posed a more serious threat and after a general decline (the last cargo sailing in 1947) the construction of the M6 motorway through the line of the canal finally saw the 14 miles of the Northern Reaches isolated at Tewitfield Locks. The isolated, largely unnavigable section to the north is home to the only tunnel on the Lancaster Canal at Hincaster.

Information Source:

canalrivertrust.org.uk/enjoy-the-waterways/canal-and-rive...

The Lancaster Canal in Lancaster, Lancashire.

The canal's principal purpose was to transport coal north from the Lancashire Coalfields, and limestone south from Cumbria. The nature of these cargoes gave the waterway its local nickname - the Black and White Canal. The Glasson branch allowed cargo transfer from sea going vessels that could not navigate the increasingly shallow Lune Estuary into Lancaster.

The canal was built in two sections, north and south of the River Ribble. John Rennie designed major two aqueducts, one over the Lune at Lancaster, and one over the Ribble at Preston. Due to problems with the foundations of the Lune Aqueduct, the company ran out of sufficient money to build the Ribble aqueduct to connect the two sections. Instead, a tramway was built from Walton Summit to Preston. This worked adequately, and so the two sections were never connected. Subsequently, in 1816 a branch was opened from the southern section to the Leeds & Liverpool Canal at Johnsons Hillock. The section south of Preston became part of the much-delayed Leeds & Liverpool, who leased it in 1863: and the tramway from Walton Summit to Preston eventually closed in the 1880s.

North of Preston, though, the waterway was fairly successful. Because of the lack of locks, the daily Packet Boat passenger service really was 'express' - Kendal could be reached from Preston in an unheard of 10 hours. In fact the service was so comfortable that passengers on the daily runs between Preston and Kendal remained loyal to the waterway for several years after the arrival of the trains.

Roads posed a more serious threat and after a general decline (the last cargo sailing in 1947) the construction of the M6 motorway through the line of the canal finally saw the 14 miles of the Northern Reaches isolated at Tewitfield Locks. The isolated, largely unnavigable section to the north is home to the only tunnel on the Lancaster Canal at Hincaster.

However, the modern age has benefited the Lancaster Canal in one way: the new Millennium Ribble Link. Opened in 2002 as the first new canal for 97 years, this connects the Lancaster to the national network via the River Ribble, the River Douglas and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal's Rufford Branch.

Information Source:

canalrivertrust.org.uk/enjoy-the-waterways/canal-and-rive...

With a population of 85, the village of Old Appleton and its namesake bridge straddles Apple Creek, connecting Cape Girardeau County with Perry County, Missouri. The original French name for the creek was "Riviere à la Pomme" (apple river), named from the apple trees that had once grown there. The Old Appleton Bridge, built in 1879 by H.W. Sebastian & Co. of St. Louis, is one of the oldest bridges in Southeast Missouri, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1824, a mill was built on the northern bank of Apple Creek by Alfred McLane. Flood levels were exacerbated by the building of a mill dam that caused waters in the creek to rise and thus creating a necessity for a bridge. The creek was unnavigable at least twice a week and was negatively affecting the trade between Cape Girardeau and Perry Counties.

The three-span wrought-iron truss bridge used to carry Highway 25 across Apple Creek, but is now relegated to pedestrian traffic. The total length of the bridge is 161 feet. The piers are constructed out of limestone block masonry that was quarried locally from the Appleton Quarry.

In December of 1982, Apple Creek rose more than fifteen feet during heavy rains and the bridge washed away, leaving one end of the bridge resting on a gravel bar and the other on the north bank. In March of 1983, a crew worked to salvage the bridge by cutting it into pieces and labeling each piece. It took 25 years for the residents of Old Appleton to raise enough money to restore the bridge. In 2005 it was restored using 98% of its original parts. At that time, concrete piers were added to raise the bridge over the 1982 flood level. The high quality of wrought iron that was used to build the original bridge was one of the main reasons why it survived the 1982 flood. The cost of replacing the bridge was $519,000, with 20% coming from private donations and 80% from the Missouri Department of Transportation.

Although the mill (known as McLane Mill) survived the 1982 flood, a flash flood on May 16, 1986 destroyed the old mill, and it was not rebuilt. Remnants of the old mill can still be seen on the north bank of Apple Creek.

© All rights reserved - - No Usage Allowed in Any Form Without the Written Consent of the photographer.

The best way to view my photostream is on Flickriver: Nikon66's photos on Flickriver

Looking down the River Witham past The Grade II Listed Brush Factory and Attached Warehouse towards the Grade I Listed High Bridge carrying the High Street over the River Witham in Lincoln.

It is the oldest bridge in the United Kingdom which still has buildings on it. It was built about 1160, in 1235 the Chapel of St Thomas (dedicated to Thomas Becket) was built on the eastside of it, this was removed in 1762 and the still existing row of shops were built sometime before 1550.

Bridges like this were common in the Middle Ages, the best known being London Bridge, but most have long since been demolished because of their obstruction to the river flow and to shipping.

The Glory Hole is the name given by generations of boaters to the High Bridge in Lincoln. It has a narrow and crooked arch which sets a limit on the size of boats travelling from Brayford Pool / Fossdyke Canal on towards Boston and the sea.

Since the 14th Century the bridge has contributed to floods in Lincoln and after any heavy rain the bridge is virtually unnavigable, which may be why it got its name. A design by William Jessop in the 19th century to reroute the waters of the Witham through the south of the town was never implemented.

The Lancaster Canal in Lancaster, Lancashire.

The canal's principal purpose was to transport coal north from the Lancashire Coalfields, and limestone south from Cumbria. The nature of these cargoes gave the waterway its local nickname - the Black and White Canal. The Glasson branch allowed cargo transfer from sea going vessels that could not navigate the increasingly shallow Lune Estuary into Lancaster.

The canal was built in two sections, north and south of the River Ribble. John Rennie designed major two aqueducts, one over the Lune at Lancaster, and one over the Ribble at Preston. Due to problems with the foundations of the Lune Aqueduct, the company ran out of sufficient money to build the Ribble aqueduct to connect the two sections. Instead, a tramway was built from Walton Summit to Preston. This worked adequately, and so the two sections were never connected. Subsequently, in 1816 a branch was opened from the southern section to the Leeds & Liverpool Canal at Johnsons Hillock. The section south of Preston became part of the much-delayed Leeds & Liverpool, who leased it in 1863: and the tramway from Walton Summit to Preston eventually closed in the 1880s.

North of Preston, though, the waterway was fairly successful. Because of the lack of locks, the daily Packet Boat passenger service really was 'express' - Kendal could be reached from Preston in an unheard of 10 hours. In fact the service was so comfortable that passengers on the daily runs between Preston and Kendal remained loyal to the waterway for several years after the arrival of the trains.

Roads posed a more serious threat and after a general decline (the last cargo sailing in 1947) the construction of the M6 motorway through the line of the canal finally saw the 14 miles of the Northern Reaches isolated at Tewitfield Locks. The isolated, largely unnavigable section to the north is home to the only tunnel on the Lancaster Canal at Hincaster.

However, the modern age has benefited the Lancaster Canal in one way: the new Millennium Ribble Link. Opened in 2002 as the first new canal for 97 years, this connects the Lancaster to the national network via the River Ribble, the River Douglas and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal's Rufford Branch.

Information gained from canalrivertrust.org.uk/enjoy-the-waterways/canal-and-rive...

Looking out from Friarage Bridge down the Lancaster Canal in Lancaster, Lancashire.

The canal's principal purpose was to transport coal north from the Lancashire Coalfields, and limestone south from Cumbria. The nature of these cargoes gave the waterway its local nickname - the Black and White Canal. The Glasson branch allowed cargo transfer from sea going vessels that could not navigate the increasingly shallow Lune Estuary into Lancaster.

The canal was built in two sections, north and south of the River Ribble. John Rennie designed major two aqueducts, one over the Lune at Lancaster, and one over the Ribble at Preston. Due to problems with the foundations of the Lune Aqueduct, the company ran out of sufficient money to build the Ribble aqueduct to connect the two sections. Instead, a tramway was built from Walton Summit to Preston. This worked adequately, and so the two sections were never connected. Subsequently, in 1816 a branch was opened from the southern section to the Leeds & Liverpool Canal at Johnsons Hillock. The section south of Preston became part of the much-delayed Leeds & Liverpool, who leased it in 1863: and the tramway from Walton Summit to Preston eventually closed in the 1880s.

North of Preston, though, the waterway was fairly successful. Because of the lack of locks, the daily Packet Boat passenger service really was 'express' - Kendal could be reached from Preston in an unheard of 10 hours. In fact the service was so comfortable that passengers on the daily runs between Preston and Kendal remained loyal to the waterway for several years after the arrival of the trains.

Roads posed a more serious threat and after a general decline (the last cargo sailing in 1947) the construction of the M6 motorway through the line of the canal finally saw the 14 miles of the Northern Reaches isolated at Tewitfield Locks. The isolated, largely unnavigable section to the north is home to the only tunnel on the Lancaster Canal at Hincaster.

However, the modern age has benefited the Lancaster Canal in one way: the new Millennium Ribble Link. Opened in 2002 as the first new canal for 97 years, this connects the Lancaster to the national network via the River Ribble, the River Douglas and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal's Rufford Branch.

Information gained from canalrivertrust.org.uk/enjoy-the-waterways/canal-and-rive...

© I m a g e D a v e F o r b e s

Engagement 800+

The River Glazert is one of the lesser known small unnavigable rivers in Scotland and flows through Milton of Campsie in the district of East Dunbartonshire. The river rises in the Campsie Hills made of tributory burns it then flows easterly then southerly for some 7 miles before joining the River Kelvin just to the north of Kirkintilloch

The River Avon, in Bath, Somerset.

The name "Avon" is a cognate of the Welsh word afon "river", both being derived from the Common Brittonic abona, "river". "River Avon", therefore, literally means "River River"; several other English and Scottish rivers share the name. The County of Avon that existed from 1974 to 1996 was named after the river, and covered Bristol, Bath, and the lower Avon valley.

The Avon rises just north of the village of Acton Turville in South Gloucestershire, before flowing through Wiltshire. In its lower reaches from Bath to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth near Bristol the river is navigable and known as the Avon Navigation.

The Avon is the 19th longest river in the UK at 75 miles (121 km) although there are just 19 miles (31 km) as the crow flies between the source and its mouth in the Severn Estuary. The catchment area is 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).

The river Avon had been navigable from Bristol to Bath during the early years of the 13th century but construction of mills on the river forced its closure. The floodplain of the Avon, on which the city centre of Bath is built, has an altitude of about 59 ft (18 m) above sea level. The river, once an unnavigable series of braided streams broken up by swamps and ponds, has been managed by weirs into a single channel. Periodic flooding, which shortened the life of many buildings in the lowest part of the city, was normal until major flood control works were completed in the 1970s.

Narrandera. Population. 3,800.

There is a monument to Captain Charles Sturt in Narrandera near the Murrumbidgee. It was erected and unveiled on 12th December 1929 to celebrate the Centenary of Captain Sturt camping at Narrandera. Sturt passed here on 12th December 1829 camping on the river banks. Captain Sturt and his party of men began the journey on the south bank of Murrumbidgee on 29th November 1829 below Yass. The exploration party hauled the whaleboat in the drays and carts being pulled by the bullocks as they slowly advanced along the banks of the Murrumbidgee River until Christmas Day when they reached the Lachlan River, a tributary of the Murrumbidgee north of Balranald. This confluence is about 35 kms north of Balranald. They camped at Yanga near a big swamp from 26 December to 6 January. Then they began to assemble the whaleboat and they made a small skiff to be pulled behind it. The whaleboat was thought to be ideal as it had pointed ends for speed and it had a mast for sailing and usually it could be rowed along a river. Only after Sturt had explored and discovered that the Murrumbidgee did not end up in a huge marsh area with no outflowing river like the Macquarie River but continued as a major river did he prepare leave the Yanga camp. They launched the whaleboat and skiff and set off from here to find the riddle of the rivers. This occurred on the 6th January Sturt when Sturt selected some of the party to stay at that spot near Yanga for a week in case they could not continue if the river became unnavigable. Then that group was to return the drays and horses to Goulburn. They said their goodbyes to each other on 7th January and from 7th to 14th January Sturt and his party rowed but mainly sailed their way down the Murrumbidgee River from the Balranald area to its junction with a bigger river - the Murray River.

The white story of Narrandera goes back to 1848 when the Narrandera pastoral run, taken out by Edward Flood, was first acknowledged. It comprised nearly 78,000 acres. Others runs soon followed including Gillenbah on the southern of the Murrumbidgee River. But relations between the Wiradjuri people and the early pastoralists were not always cordial hence the naming of Murdering Island, one of the tiny islands in the meandering river. In 1873 a Wagga Wagga newspaper mentioned Murdering Island but it was 1895 when another newspaper wrote one man’s account of a massacre of a sub clan of Wiradjuri on this island in 1854. It was retaliation for Aborigines spearing cattle. According to this person the whites shot the men, women and children and only one member of the clan escaped alive. Most Aboriginal clans had 100 or less people in them as tribes were usually divided by eight totem groups so probably around 100 people were massacred. The island is near Poisoned Waterways Creek, an anabranch of the Murrumbidgee River, and it was as presumably named for being “poisoned” by Aboriginal bodies. No maps name Murdering Island.

After the passing of the Robertstown Act in 1861 the first selectors came and took up their 320 acre properties with the first in 1862. By 1872 the owners of Gillenbah run had 710 freehold acres. A small hotel near the river crossing had opened on Gillenbah run in 1856 followed by a store and post service in 1858. But Gillenbah did not become the main town. Surveyor Edward Twynham surveyed and laid out Narrandera in 1859 but it was not proclaimed until 1863 although town lots were sold in 1860. Further subdivisions occurred into the 1890s especially once the railway arrived in 1881. Narrandera got a Courthouse in 1862, a Post Office in 1861, a school building was started in 1870 but the building was not completed until 1873, and a new building added in 1883. A bank did not open until 1880 and this bank, the Commercial Bank of Sydney, built fine premises in 1884. The Bank of NSW followed them in 1888.

Looking out from Redcliffe Way Bridge across the River Avon towards the Grade II Listed 3-13 Redcliffe Parade West in Bristol, Avon.

The name "Avon" is a cognate of the Welsh word afon "river", both being derived from the Common Brittonic abona, "river". "River Avon", therefore, literally means "River River"; several other English and Scottish rivers share the name. The County of Avon that existed from 1974 to 1996 was named after the river, and covered Bristol, Bath, and the lower Avon valley.

The Avon rises just north of the village of Acton Turville in South Gloucestershire, before flowing through Wiltshire. In its lower reaches from Bath to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth near Bristol the river is navigable and known as the Avon Navigation.

The Avon is the 19th longest river in the UK at 75 miles (121 km) although there are just 19 miles (31 km) as the crow flies between the source and its mouth in the Severn Estuary. The catchment area is 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).

The river Avon had been navigable from Bristol to Bath during the early years of the 13th century but construction of mills on the river forced its closure. The floodplain of the Avon, on which the city centre of Bath is built, has an altitude of about 59 ft (18 m) above sea level. The river, once an unnavigable series of braided streams broken up by swamps and ponds, has been managed by weirs into a single channel. Periodic flooding, which shortened the life of many buildings in the lowest part of the city, was normal until major flood control works were completed in the 1970s.

The Castor River Shut-Ins is located near Fredericktown, Missouri. A “shut-in” is an Ozark term for a river that is naturally confined within a deep, narrow channel that becomes unnavigable even by canoe due to the rapids and narrow channels produced as the stream encounters a more resistant rock that is more difficult to erode. The Castor River Shut-Ins are unique in that they are the only Missouri shut-in carved out of a pinkish granite that is 1.5 billion years old. The Castor River Shut-Ins is part of the Amidon Memorial Conservation Area.

© All rights reserved - - No Usage Allowed in Any Form Without the Written Consent of the photographer, Mark S. Schuver.

The best way to view my photostream is on Flickriver: Nikon66's photos on Flickriver

Looking down the River Witham past The Grade II Listed Brush Factory and Attached Warehouse towards the Grade I Listed High Bridge carrying the High Street over the River Witham in Lincoln.

It is the oldest bridge in the United Kingdom which still has buildings on it. It was built about 1160, in 1235 the Chapel of St Thomas (dedicated to Thomas Becket) was built on the eastside of it, this was removed in 1762 and the still existing row of shops were built sometime before 1550.

Bridges like this were common in the Middle Ages, the best known being London Bridge, but most have long since been demolished because of their obstruction to the river flow and to shipping.

The Glory Hole is the name given by generations of boaters to the High Bridge in Lincoln. It has a narrow and crooked arch which sets a limit on the size of boats using the Witham and going from Brayford Pool, at the start of Foss Dyke, to Boston and the sea.

Since the 14th Century the bridge has contributed to floods in Lincoln and after any heavy rain the bridge is virtually unnavigable, which may be why it got its name. A design by William Jessop in the 19th century to reroute the waters of the Witham through the south of the town was never implemented.

The River Avon, in Bath, Somerset.

The name "Avon" is a cognate of the Welsh word afon "river", both being derived from the Common Brittonic abona, "river". "River Avon", therefore, literally means "River River"; several other English and Scottish rivers share the name. The County of Avon that existed from 1974 to 1996 was named after the river, and covered Bristol, Bath, and the lower Avon valley.

The Avon rises just north of the village of Acton Turville in South Gloucestershire, before flowing through Wiltshire. In its lower reaches from Bath to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth near Bristol the river is navigable and known as the Avon Navigation.

The Avon is the 19th longest river in the UK at 75 miles (121 km) although there are just 19 miles (31 km) as the crow flies between the source and its mouth in the Severn Estuary. The catchment area is 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).

The river Avon had been navigable from Bristol to Bath during the early years of the 13th century but construction of mills on the river forced its closure. The floodplain of the Avon, on which the city centre of Bath is built, has an altitude of about 59 ft (18 m) above sea level. The river, once an unnavigable series of braided streams broken up by swamps and ponds, has been managed by weirs into a single channel. Periodic flooding, which shortened the life of many buildings in the lowest part of the city, was normal until major flood control works were completed in the 1970s.

The ships’s figurehead is of King George III.

HMS Illustrious, a 74-gun third rate ship of the line and the second of that name, was built by Randall & Brent at Rotherhithe where her keel was laid in February 1801. Launched on 3 September 1803, she was completed at Woolwich. She was first commissioned for the Channel Fleet under Captain Sir Charles Hamilton and was involved in the Battle of the Basque Roads in 1809, in which she won a battle honour, and in the expeditions against the docks at Antwerp and render the Schelde unnavigable to French ships. On 22 November 1810, Illustrious was amongst the fleet that captured Île de France on 3 December.[Note 1] She then took part in the Invasion of Java (1811) in Indonesia. She was refitted at Portsmouth (1813–17) and then laid up in reserve until recommissioned in 1832. She was laid up again in 1845, and later used as a guard ship, a hospital ship and, lastly, in 1854 she became a gunnery training ship and continued as one until she was broken up in 1868 in Portsmouth.

Note 1. The Admiral's share of the prize money was £2650 5s 2d. A first-class share was worth £278 19s 5¾d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth £3 7s 6¼d. A fourth and final payment was made in July 1828. A first-class share was worth £29 19s 5¼d; a sixth-class share was worth 8s 2½d. This time, Admiral Bertie received £314 14s 3½d.

The Grade I Listed High Bridge carrying the High Street over the River Witham in Lincoln. It is the oldest bridge in the United Kingdom which still has buildings on it. It was built about 1160, in 1235 the Chapel of St Thomas (dedicated to Thomas Becket) was built on the eastside of it, this was removed in 1762 and the still existing row of shops were built sometime before 1550.

Bridges like this were common in the Middle Ages, the best-known being London Bridge, but most have long since been demolished because of their obstruction to the river flow and to shipping.

The Glory Hole is the name given by generations of boaters to the High Bridge in Lincoln. It has a narrow and crooked arch which sets a limit on the size of boats travelling from Brayford Pool / Fossdyke Canal on towards Boston and the sea.

Since the 14th Century the bridge has contributed to floods in Lincoln and after any heavy rain the bridge is virtually unnavigable, which may be why it got its name. A design by William Jessop in the 19th century to reroute the waters of the Witham through the south of the town was never implemented.

Information Source:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Bridge,_Lincoln

With a population of 85, the village of Old Appleton and its namesake bridge straddles Apple Creek, connecting Cape Girardeau County with Perry County, Missouri. The original French name for the creek was "Riviere à la Pomme" (apple river), named from the apple trees that had once grown there. The Old Appleton Bridge, built in 1879 by H.W. Sebastian & Co. of St. Louis, is one of the oldest bridges in Southeast Missouri, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1824, a mill was built on the northern bank of Apple Creek by Alfred McLane. Flood levels were exacerbated by the building of a mill dam that caused waters in the creek to rise and thus creating a necessity for a bridge. The creek was unnavigable at least twice a week and was negatively affecting the trade between Cape Girardeau and Perry Counties.

The three-span wrought-iron truss bridge used to carry Highway 25 across Apple Creek, but is now relegated to pedestrian traffic. The total length of the bridge is 161 feet. The piers are constructed out of limestone block masonry that was quarried locally from the Appleton Quarry.

In December of 1982, Apple Creek rose more than fifteen feet during heavy rains and the bridge washed away, leaving one end of the bridge resting on a gravel bar and the other on the north bank. In March of 1983, a crew worked to salvage the bridge by cutting it into pieces and labeling each piece. It took 25 years for the residents of Old Appleton to raise enough money to restore the bridge. In 2005 it was restored using 98% of its original parts. At that time, concrete piers were added to raise the bridge over the 1982 flood level. The high quality of wrought iron that was used to build the original bridge was one of the main reasons why it survived the 1982 flood. The cost of replacing the bridge was $519,000, with 20% coming from private donations and 80% from the Missouri Department of Transportation.

Although the mill (known as McLane Mill) survived the 1982 flood, a flash flood on May 16, 1986 destroyed the old mill, and it was not rebuilt. Remnants of the old mill can still be seen on the north bank of Apple Creek, the interior of which can be seen in one of these photos.

© All rights reserved - - No Usage Allowed in Any Form Without the Written Consent of the photographer, Mark S. Schuver.

The best way to view my photostream is on Flickriver: Nikon66's photos on Flickriver

With a population of 85, the village of Old Appleton and its namesake bridge straddles Apple Creek, connecting Cape Girardeau County with Perry County, Missouri. The original French name for the creek was "Riviere à la Pomme" (apple river), named from the apple trees that had once grown there. The Old Appleton Bridge, built in 1879 by H.W. Sebastian & Co. of St. Louis, is one of the oldest bridges in Southeast Missouri, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1824, a mill was built on the northern bank of Apple Creek by Alfred McLane. Flood levels were exacerbated by the building of a mill dam that caused waters in the creek to rise and thus creating a necessity for a bridge. The creek was unnavigable at least twice a week and was negatively affecting the trade between Cape Girardeau and Perry Counties.

The three-span wrought-iron truss bridge used to carry Highway 25 across Apple Creek, but is now relegated to pedestrian traffic. The total length of the bridge is 161 feet. The piers are constructed out of limestone block masonry that was quarried locally from the Appleton Quarry.

In December of 1982, Apple Creek rose more than fifteen feet during heavy rains and the bridge washed away, leaving one end of the bridge resting on a gravel bar and the other on the north bank. In March of 1983, a crew worked to salvage the bridge by cutting it into pieces and labeling each piece. It took 25 years for the residents of Old Appleton to raise enough money to restore the bridge. In 2005 it was restored using 98% of its original parts. At that time, concrete piers were added to raise the bridge over the 1982 flood level. The high quality of wrought iron that was used to build the original bridge was one of the main reasons why it survived the 1982 flood. The cost of replacing the bridge was $519,000, with 20% coming from private donations and 80% from the Missouri Department of Transportation.

Although the mill (known as McLane Mill) survived the 1982 flood, a flash flood on May 16, 1986 destroyed the old mill, and it was not rebuilt. Remnants of the old mill can still be seen on the north bank of Apple Creek.

© All rights reserved - - No Usage Allowed in Any Form Without the Written Consent of the photographer.

The best way to view my photostream is on Flickriver: Nikon66's photos on Flickriver

Chesterfield canal, Norwood. Part of the unnavigable part of the 1777 canal. The canal was 46 mls from Chesterfield to River Trent. Railways made it less commercial in late 19C. Then in 1907 the Norwood tunnel partially collapsed abd cut the canal into two. In recent years all but 9 miles have been restored to navigable use. There are plans for the remainder of the canal.

Please don't use this image on websites, blogs or other media .com without my explicit permission. All rights reserved.

© rogerperriss@aol.com

Looking out from Redcliffe Way Bridge across the River Avon towards the Grade II Listed 3-13 Redcliffe Parade West in Bristol, Avon.

The name "Avon" is a cognate of the Welsh word afon "river", both being derived from the Common Brittonic abona, "river". "River Avon", therefore, literally means "River River"; several other English and Scottish rivers share the name. The County of Avon that existed from 1974 to 1996 was named after the river, and covered Bristol, Bath, and the lower Avon valley.

The Avon rises just north of the village of Acton Turville in South Gloucestershire, before flowing through Wiltshire. In its lower reaches from Bath to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth near Bristol the river is navigable and known as the Avon Navigation.

The Avon is the 19th longest river in the UK at 75 miles (121 km) although there are just 19 miles (31 km) as the crow flies between the source and its mouth in the Severn Estuary. The catchment area is 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).

The river Avon had been navigable from Bristol to Bath during the early years of the 13th century but construction of mills on the river forced its closure. The floodplain of the Avon, on which the city centre of Bath is built, has an altitude of about 59 ft (18 m) above sea level. The river, once an unnavigable series of braided streams broken up by swamps and ponds, has been managed by weirs into a single channel. Periodic flooding, which shortened the life of many buildings in the lowest part of the city, was normal until major flood control works were completed in the 1970s.

A foggy morning along the old Delaware Canal.In the early 1800's, America was growing rapidly. Its population was increasing, westward migration had begun, and business was booming. Poor roads and unnavigable rivers could no longer meet the young nation's needs. Legislators and entrepreneurs looked to canals which had been used in Asia and Europe for centuries as a way to provide better, faster, and cheaper transportation.

Inspired by the tremendous success of New York State's Erie Canal, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania began building a 1,200 mile system of canals to connect Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Lake Erie. These new transportation routes would carry the raw materials and manufactured products that would power this country's industrial revolution.

The sixty-mile-long Delaware Canal is part of this great network. Completed in 1832, it runs from Bristol to Easton, where it connects the Lehigh Canal. The primary purpose of these two waterways was to provide a way to transport anthracite coal from the northeastern Pennsylvania coal regions to the cities on the eastern seaboard. In the most productive years just prior to the Civil War, over 3,000 mule-drawn boats traveled up and down this route moving over one (1) million tons of coal a year. Smaller quantities of goods such as lumber, building stone, lime, and produce was also carried.

Life was hard for the men, women, and children who worked on the canals. A typical day started before 4 a.m. with the grooming and harnessing of the mule-team and ended at 10:00 p.m. or later when the locktenders stopped operating the locks and the boats could go no further. A mule-powered boat loaded with 80 tons of cargo traveled 30 miles or more each day.

With a population of 85, the village of Old Appleton and its namesake bridge straddles Apple Creek, connecting Cape Girardeau County with Perry County, Missouri. The original French name for the creek was "Riviere à la Pomme" (apple river), named from the apple trees that had once grown there. The Old Appleton Bridge, built in 1879 by H.W. Sebastian & Co. of St. Louis, is one of the oldest bridges in Southeast Missouri, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1824, a mill was built on the northern bank of Apple Creek by Alfred McLane. Flood levels were exacerbated by the building of a mill dam that caused waters in the creek to rise and thus creating a necessity for a bridge. The creek was unnavigable at least twice a week and was negatively affecting the trade between Cape Girardeau and Perry Counties.

The three-span wrought-iron truss bridge used to carry Highway 25 across Apple Creek, but is now relegated to pedestrian traffic. The total length of the bridge is 161 feet. The piers are constructed out of limestone block masonry that was quarried locally from the Appleton Quarry.

In December of 1982, Apple Creek rose more than fifteen feet during heavy rains and the bridge washed away, leaving one end of the bridge resting on a gravel bar and the other on the north bank. In March of 1983, a crew worked to salvage the bridge by cutting it into pieces and labeling each piece. It took 25 years for the residents of Old Appleton to raise enough money to restore the bridge. In 2005 it was restored using 98% of its original parts. At that time, concrete piers were added to raise the bridge over the 1982 flood level. The high quality of wrought iron that was used to build the original bridge was one of the main reasons why it survived the 1982 flood. The cost of replacing the bridge was $519,000, with 20% coming from private donations and 80% from the Missouri Department of Transportation.

Although the mill (known as McLane Mill) survived the 1982 flood, a flash flood on May 16, 1986 destroyed the old mill, and it was not rebuilt. Remnants of the old mill can still be seen on the north bank of Apple Creek, the interior of which can be seen in one of these photos.

© All rights reserved - - No Usage Allowed in Any Form Without the Written Consent of the photographer, Mark S. Schuver.

The best way to view my photostream is on Flickriver: Nikon66's photos on Flickriver

Looking down the River Witham past The Grade II Listed Brush Factory and Attached Warehouse towards the Grade I Listed High Bridge carrying the High Street over the River Witham in Lincoln.

It is the oldest bridge in the United Kingdom which still has buildings on it. It was built about 1160, in 1235 the Chapel of St Thomas (dedicated to Thomas Becket) was built on the eastside of it, this was removed in 1762 and the still existing row of shops were built sometime before 1550.

Bridges like this were common in the Middle Ages, the best known being London Bridge, but most have long since been demolished because of their obstruction to the river flow and to shipping.

The Glory Hole is the name given by generations of boaters to the High Bridge in Lincoln. It has a narrow and crooked arch which sets a limit on the size of boats using the Witham and going from Brayford Pool, at the start of Foss Dyke, to Boston and the sea.

Since the 14th Century the bridge has contributed to floods in Lincoln and after any heavy rain the bridge is virtually unnavigable, which may be why it got its name. A design by William Jessop in the 19th century to reroute the waters of the Witham through the south of the town was never implemented.

The Portage Parks system increased its network of boardwalks by adding a new boardwalk that connects the trail in Eliason Nature Reserve to the Bishops Bog boardwalk, cutting through almost half a mile of previously unnavigable wetland.

Meanwhile, the Bishops Bog boardwalk has been closed because it is sinking deeper into the swamp.

Looking east - the trail that leads from the Eliason Nature Reserve path to the new boardwalk.

The Grade I Listed High Bridge carrying the High Street over the River Witham in Lincoln. It is the oldest bridge in the United Kingdom which still has buildings on it. It was built about 1160, in 1235 the Chapel of St Thomas (dedicated to Thomas Becket) was built on the eastside of it, this was removed in 1762 and the still existing row of shops were built sometime before 1550.

Bridges like this were common in the Middle Ages, the best known being London Bridge, but most have long since been demolished because of their obstruction to the river flow and to shipping.

The Glory Hole is the name given by generations of boaters to the High Bridge in Lincoln. It has a narrow and crooked arch which sets a limit on the size of boats using the Witham and going from Brayford Pool, at the start of Foss Dyke, to Boston and the sea.

Since the 14th Century the bridge has contributed to floods in Lincoln and after any heavy rain the bridge is virtually unnavigable, which may be why it got its name. A design by William Jessop in the 19th century to reroute the waters of the Witham through the south of the town was never implemented.

The Grade I Listed High Bridge carrying the High Street over the River Witham in Lincoln. It is the oldest bridge in the United Kingdom which still has buildings on it. It was built about 1160, in 1235 the Chapel of St Thomas (dedicated to Thomas Becket) was built on the eastside of it, this was removed in 1762 and the still existing row of shops were built sometime before 1550.

Bridges like this were common in the Middle Ages, the best known being London Bridge, but most have long since been demolished because of their obstruction to the river flow and to shipping.

The Glory Hole is the name given by generations of boaters to the High Bridge in Lincoln. It has a narrow and crooked arch which sets a limit on the size of boats travelling from Brayford Pool / Fossdyke Canal on towards Boston and the sea.

Since the 14th Century the bridge has contributed to floods in Lincoln and after any heavy rain the bridge is virtually unnavigable, which may be why it got its name. A design by William Jessop in the 19th century to reroute the waters of the Witham through the south of the town was never implemented.

Information Source:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Bridge,_Lincoln

Looking down the River Avon towards the Grade II Listed Rossiter Road Railway Bridge (also known as Avon Bridge) in Bath, Somerset.

First built in 1840 for the Great Western Railway and designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, but mainly rebuilt in 1878, strengthened in the 1960's. Cast and wrought iron and steel. Two 80' skew spans of wrought iron lattice girder with central pier. The first bridge had two laminated timber arches with cast iron upper works in Gothic form but these were taken down in 1878 and rebuilt using a deep flat wrought iron lattice girder in two parts supported on four cast iron cylindrical piers. The stone river pier survives from the 1840 bridge. The 1878 bridge was further strengthened in the 1960's by British Rail when additional steel support was inserted between the tracks and extra stiffeners were fixed to the face of the girders. A steel superstructure was also added at this time to carry the platform extensions.

The name "Avon" is a cognate of the Welsh word afon "river", both being derived from the Common Brittonic abona, "river". "River Avon", therefore, literally means "River River"; several other English and Scottish rivers share the name. The County of Avon that existed from 1974 to 1996 was named after the river, and covered Bristol, Bath, and the lower Avon valley.

The Avon rises just north of the village of Acton Turville in South Gloucestershire, before flowing through Wiltshire. In its lower reaches from Bath to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth near Bristol the river is navigable and known as the Avon Navigation.

The Avon is the 19th longest river in the UK at 75 miles (121 km) although there are just 19 miles (31 km) as the crow flies between the source and its mouth in the Severn Estuary. The catchment area is 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).

The river Avon had been navigable from Bristol to Bath during the early years of the 13th century but construction of mills on the river forced its closure. The floodplain of the Avon, on which the city centre of Bath is built, has an altitude of about 59 ft (18 m) above sea level. The river, once an unnavigable series of braided streams broken up by swamps and ponds, has been managed by weirs into a single channel. Periodic flooding, which shortened the life of many buildings in the lowest part of the city, was normal until major flood control works were completed in the 1970s.

Looking from Clifton Down along the Avon Gorge & the River Avon towards Avonmouth and the Severn Estuary, in Clifton, Bristol, Avon.

The name "Avon" is a cognate of the Welsh word afon "river", both being derived from the Common Brittonic abona, "river". "River Avon", therefore, literally means "River River"; several other English and Scottish rivers share the name. The County of Avon that existed from 1974 to 1996 was named after the river, and covered Bristol, Bath, and the lower Avon valley.

The Avon rises just north of the village of Acton Turville in South Gloucestershire, before flowing through Wiltshire. In its lower reaches from Bath to the Severn Estuary at Avonmouth near Bristol the river is navigable and known as the Avon Navigation.

The Avon is the 19th longest river in the UK at 75 miles (121 km) although there are just 19 miles (31 km) as the crow flies between the source and its mouth in the Severn Estuary. The catchment area is 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).

The river Avon had been navigable from Bristol to Bath during the early years of the 13th century but construction of mills on the river forced its closure. The floodplain of the Avon, on which the city centre of Bath is built, has an altitude of about 59 ft (18 m) above sea level. The river, once an unnavigable series of braided streams broken up by swamps and ponds, has been managed by weirs into a single channel. Periodic flooding, which shortened the life of many buildings in the lowest part of the city, was normal until major flood control works were completed in the 1970s.

Along the Murrumbidgee are the ruins of the old five storey brewery built in 1912 and the original 1881 wooden railway bridge. Nearby are the wetlands which provide an important habitat for wetland birds, frogs, reptiles, insects and mammals. George Wildman established the Narrandera Brewery and cordial Works in 1879. The business was purchased by William Jones in 1882 and renamed the Oakbank Brewery. Thomas Lincoln became a business partner in 1886. The brewery burnt down in 1894 and a new building was erected. The five storey tower was added to the brewery in 1912 and it was designed by Narrandera architect John Hill Robertson (1870 to 1955). At that time it employed 100 men and Narrandera beer was sold around the Riverina. In 1924 the Oakbank Brewery was sold to Tooths who closed it down with the loss of 50 Narrandera jobs. The cordial works continued with a changed name until 1957. The brewery needed a good water supply so it is located right on the banks of the Murrumbidgee River. Near the brewery ruins are the Narrandera wetlands with a fine one km walk round the lake with water birds, water plants, bird hides etc. Near the Murrumbidgee the town also has Lake Talbot recreation reserve on Bundidgerry Creek and anabranch of the Murrumbidgee River.

Narrandera. Population. 3,800.

There is a monument to Captain Charles Sturt in Narrandera near the Murrumbidgee. It was erected and unveiled on 12th December 1929 to celebrate the Centenary of Captain Sturt camping at Narrandera. Sturt passed here on 12th December 1829 camping on the river banks. Captain Sturt and his party of men began the journey on the south bank of Murrumbidgee on 29th November 1829 below Yass. The exploration party hauled the whaleboat in the drays and carts being pulled by the bullocks as they slowly advanced along the banks of the Murrumbidgee River until Christmas Day when they reached the Lachlan River, a tributary of the Murrumbidgee north of Balranald. This confluence is about 35 kms north of Balranald. They camped at Yanga near a big swamp from 26 December to 6 January. Then they began to assemble the whaleboat and they made a small skiff to be pulled behind it. The whaleboat was thought to be ideal as it had pointed ends for speed and it had a mast for sailing and usually it could be rowed along a river. Only after Sturt had explored and discovered that the Murrumbidgee did not end up in a huge marsh area with no outflowing river like the Macquarie River but continued as a major river did he prepare leave the Yanga camp. They launched the whaleboat and skiff and set off from here to find the riddle of the rivers. This occurred on the 6th January Sturt when Sturt selected some of the party to stay at that spot near Yanga for a week in case they could not continue if the river became unnavigable. Then that group was to return the drays and horses to Goulburn. They said their goodbyes to each other on 7th January and from 7th to 14th January Sturt and his party rowed but mainly sailed their way down the Murrumbidgee River from the Balranald area to its junction with a bigger river - the Murray River.

The white story of Narrandera goes back to 1848 when the Narrandera pastoral run, taken out by Edward Flood, was first acknowledged. It comprised nearly 78,000 acres. Others runs soon followed including Gillenbah on the southern of the Murrumbidgee River. But relations between the Wiradjuri people and the early pastoralists were not always cordial hence the naming of Murdering Island, one of the tiny islands in the meandering river. In 1873 a Wagga Wagga newspaper mentioned Murdering Island but it was 1895 when another newspaper wrote one man’s account of a massacre of a sub clan of Wiradjuri on this island in 1854. It was retaliation for Aborigines spearing cattle. According to this person the whites shot the men, women and children and only one member of the clan escaped alive. Most Aboriginal clans had 100 or less people in them as tribes were usually divided by eight totem groups so probably around 100 people were massacred. The island is near Poisoned Waterways Creek, an anabranch of the Murrumbidgee River, and it was as presumably named for being “poisoned” by Aboriginal bodies. No maps name Murdering Island.

After the passing of the Robertstown Act in 1861 the first selectors came and took up their 320 acre properties with the first in 1862. By 1872 the owners of Gillenbah run had 710 freehold acres. A small hotel near the river crossing had opened on Gillenbah run in 1856 followed by a store and post service in 1858. But Gillenbah did not become the main town. Surveyor Edward Twynham surveyed and laid out Narrandera in 1859 but it was not proclaimed until 1863 although town lots were sold in 1860. Further subdivisions occurred into the 1890s especially once the railway arrived in 1881. Narrandera got a Courthouse in 1862, a Post Office in 1861, a school building was started in 1870 but the building was not completed until 1873, and a new building added in 1883. A bank did not open until 1880 and this bank, the Commercial Bank of Sydney, built fine premises in 1884. The Bank of NSW followed them in 1888. Some buildings and features to look for in the Main Street area- East Street and Audley, Larmer, Douglas and Aspley streets.

YALE is an unincorporated town in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Located on the Fraser River, it is generally considered to be on the dividing line between the Coast and the Interior regions of the British Columbia Mainland. Immediately north of the town, the Fraser Canyon begins and the river is generally considered unnavigable past this point. Rough water is common on the Fraser anywhere upstream from Chilliwack and even more so above Hope, about 20 mi (32 km) south of Yale. However, steamers could make it to Yale, good pilots and water conditions permitting, and the town had a busy dockside life as well as a variety of bars, restaurants, hotels, saloons and various services. Its maximum population during the gold rush era was in the 15,000 range. More generally, it housed 5,000-8,000. The higher figure was counted at the time of evacuation of the Canyon during the Fraser Canyon War of 1858.

- from 1908 "Lovell's Gazetteer of the Dominion of Canada" - YALE, a post settlement In New Westminster District, B.C., and a station on the main line of the C.P.R., 102 miles east of Vancouver.

(from - Wrigley's 1918 British Columbia directory) - YALE - a post office and station on the O. P. Railway, main line, and C. N. Railway, main line, on the Fraser River, 102 miles east of Vancouver, and 13 north of Hope, in Yale Provincial Electoral District. Is served also by river steamers from New Westminster. Has Anglican church. The population in 1918 was 100. Local resources: Mining and fruit-growing. Has extensive undeveloped water power.

Ovid Allard established a new Hudsons Bay Company post here in 1847; the post was named Fort Yale, after James Murray Yale.

from - / YALE / JA ? / 84 / BRIT.COL. / - cds cancel - Brit Col in full circle (23.5 mm) - ERD - 31 March 1883 / LRD - 18 February 1911. There is also an earlier Brit Col in a full circle hammer (29.0 mm).

- via - / VICTORIA • BRIT. COL. / T (Tacoma) / JA 9 / 84 / CANADA. / - cds transit backstamp

- sent by - / If not called for in 10 days return to - Michel Creigin (?) 150 Mile Post P.B.

Addressed to: W. H. Gorham Esq / Seattle P.O. / Washington Territory / USA

William Hills Gorham

(b. 19 February 1861 in Sacramento, California - d. 6 April 1935 at age 73 in Seattle, Washington, USA)

William Hills Gorham (1861-1935) was born on February 19, 1861, in Sacramento, California. He was educated in Boston and Washington, D.C. He briefly worked as a time-keeper on the Canadian railroad and as a purser on a Fraser River steamship in British Columbia. Gorham read law with George H. Williams, a former Attorney General of the United States and candidate for the U.S. Supreme Court. After passing the bar exam, Gorham moved to Seattle in 1884. He first specialized in admiralty law and later turned to general practice. He died on April 6, 1935, at his office in Seattle.

His son - Private George Congdon Gorham was killed instantly by enemy shell fire on October, 10, 1918, near the village of Escaudœuvres. George was a member of the 1st Canadians, Motor Machine Brigade, Bordon Battery. He enlisted with the Canadian Expeditionary Force on April 27, 1917, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and shipped to England in August 1917. George was a student in the College of Forestry and would have graduated in 1916, but left the UW to enlist in Canada prior to the entry of the United States into the war. He is buried at Cantimpre Canadian Cemetery in France. George was named for his grandfather, a prominent California politician, newspaper editor and Mayflower descendant. Born in Seattle, his parents were William Hills Gorham, a lawyer, and Kathleen Mary Louise Walton, a native of Ireland. George was the oldest of five children, with four younger sisters. He was a 1912 graduate of Broadway High School. While at the UW, he was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity. The Gorham family were members of Seattle’s University Unitarian Church and George was the first gold star for their congregation.

His father: George Congdon Gorham (July 5, 1832 – February 11, 1909) was a Republican California politician and newspaper editor. Gorham ran in 1867 under the Republican ticket in the Californian gubernatorial race. He lost, however, to Democratic candidate Henry Huntly Haight by a margin of 7,458 votes. Gorham also worked on the Republican National Committee for California (a subsidiary body of the national body, the Republican National Committee). He, along with Stephen Johnson Field wrote a book on the early history of California. From June 6, 1868, until March 24, 1879, he was Secretary of the United States Senate. He died in 1909 in Washington D.C..

The Lancaster Canal in Lancaster, Lancashire.

The canal's principal purpose was to transport coal north from the Lancashire Coalfields, and limestone south from Cumbria. The nature of these cargoes gave the waterway its local nickname - the Black and White Canal. The Glasson branch allowed cargo transfer from sea going vessels that could not navigate the increasingly shallow Lune Estuary into Lancaster.

The canal was built in two sections, north and south of the River Ribble. John Rennie designed major two aqueducts, one over the Lune at Lancaster, and one over the Ribble at Preston. Due to problems with the foundations of the Lune Aqueduct, the company ran out of sufficient money to build the Ribble aqueduct to connect the two sections. Instead, a tramway was built from Walton Summit to Preston. This worked adequately, and so the two sections were never connected. Subsequently, in 1816 a branch was opened from the southern section to the Leeds & Liverpool Canal at Johnsons Hillock. The section south of Preston became part of the much-delayed Leeds & Liverpool, who leased it in 1863: and the tramway from Walton Summit to Preston eventually closed in the 1880s.

North of Preston, though, the waterway was successful. Because of the lack of locks, the daily Packet Boat passenger service really was 'express' - Kendal could be reached from Preston in an unheard of 10 hours. In fact the service was so comfortable that passengers on the daily runs between Preston and Kendal remained loyal to the waterway for several years after the arrival of the trains.

Roads posed a more serious threat and after a general decline (the last cargo sailing in 1947) the construction of the M6 motorway through the line of the canal finally saw the 14 miles of the Northern Reaches isolated at Tewitfield Locks. The isolated, largely unnavigable section to the north is home to the only tunnel on the Lancaster Canal at Hincaster.

However, the modern age has benefited the Lancaster Canal in one way: the new Millennium Ribble Link. Opened in 2002 as the first new canal for 97 years, this connects the Lancaster to the national network via the River Ribble, the River Douglas and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal's Rufford Branch.

Information Source:

canalrivertrust.org.uk/enjoy-the-waterways/canal-and-rive...

From Wikipedia:

The Great lakes Line (second section): Kindu (Lualaba River port) - Kibombo – Kongolo – Kabalo (Lualaba River port and junction with Katanga line) - Nyunzu – Niemba – Kalemie (the port on Lake Tanganika), 1,067 mm.

This line was 1,000 mm gauge until 1955, when the gauge was changed for the connection with the Katanga line in 1956. North of Kongolo, the Lualaba is unnavigable due to the rapids named Portes D'Enfer ('Gates of Hell'). As of 2006, the track between Kalemie and Niemba is described as 'very degraded'. Boats to Moba and Kalundu-Uvira on Lake Tanganyika used to connect with trains at Kalemie. In 1917, a train ferry was introduced on the lake operating from Kalemie, but is long gone.

www.adamswaine.co.uk

The River Wey Navigation and Godalming Navigation, geographically (but not historically) the Wey Navigation, form a continuous waterway which provides a 20-mile (32 km) navigable route from the River Thames between Weybridge and Hamm Court, Addlestone via Guildford to Godalming. The waterway is in Surrey and is owned by the National Trust. The Wey Navigation connects to the Basingstoke Canal at West Byfleet, and the Godalming Navigation part to the Wey and Arun Canal in the Broadford part of Shalford. The Navigations consist of man-made canal and adapted (dredged and straightened) parts of the River Wey. Its adjoining path is part of European long-distance path E2.

The Wey was the second river in England to be turned from wholly unnavigable to navigable for its main town, as it was behind the River Lea; the River Wey Navigation opened in 1653 with 12 locks between Weybridge and Guildford. Construction of the Godalming Navigation, a further four locks, was completed in 1764 connecting a second market town. Commercial traffic (save for exceptional loads for canalside buildings) ceased in 1983 and the Wey Navigation and the Godalming Navigations were donated to the National Trust in 1964 and 1968 respectively

Grantham Canal, Stenwith. Looking through Bridge No.60 at an un-navigable part of the canal.

Grantham, Lincolnshire, England - Bulrush on the Grantham Canal at Stenwith.

April 2018